Chapter 2, Solution 1.: COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System
Chapter 2, Solution 1.
(a)
(b)
We measure:
R = 37 lb, = 76 R = 37 lb
76 !"
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
(a)
(b)
We measure:
R = 57 lb, = 86 R = 57 lb
86 !"
(a)
Parallelogram law:
(b)
Triangle rule:
We measure:
R = 10.5 kN
= 22.5
R = 10.5 kN
22.5 !"
(a)
Parallelogram law: We measure:

R = 5.4 kN = 12 R = 5.4 kN
12 !
(b)
Triangle rule:
We measure:
R = 5.4 kN = 12 R = 5.4 kN
12 !"
Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines (a)

sin sin 45 = 150 N 200 N sin = 0.53033
= 32.028 + + 45 = 180
= 103.0 !
(b) Using the Law of Sines
Fbb 200 N = sin sin 45
Fbb = 276 N !
Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines (a)

sin sin 45 = 120 N 200 N sin = 0.42426
= 25.104
or
= 25.1 !
(b)
+ 45 + 25.104 = 180 = 109.896

Using the Law of Sines
Faa 200 N = sin sin 45 Faa 200 N = sin109.896 sin 45
or
Faa = 266 N !
Using the triangle rule and the Law of Cosines, Have: = 180 45
= 135
Then:
R 2 = ( 900 ) + ( 600 ) 2 ( 900 )( 600 ) cos 135
2 2
or R = 1390.57 N
Using the Law of Sines,

600 1390.57 = sin sin135 or = 17.7642 and = 90 17.7642
= 72.236
(a) (b)
= 72.2 !
R = 1.391 kN !
By trigonometry: Law of Sines

F2 R 30 = = sin sin 38 sin
= 90 28 = 62, = 180 62 38 = 80
Then:
F2 R 30 lb = = sin 62 sin 38 sin 80
or (a) F2 = 26.9 lb ! (b) R = 18.75 lb !" "
Using the Law of Sines

F1 R 20 lb = = sin sin 38 sin
= 90 10 = 80, = 180 80 38 = 62
Then:
F1 R 20 lb = = sin 80 sin 38 sin 62
or (a) F1 = 22.3 lb ! (b) R = 13.95 lb ! "
Using the Law of Sines:
60 N 80 N = sin sin10 or = 7.4832
= 180 (10 + 7.4832 )

= 162.517
Then:
R 80 N = sin162.517 sin10
" " "
or R = 138.405 N "
(a) (b)
= 7.48 ! "
R = 138.4 N !
Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines Have:
= 180 ( 35 + 25 )
= 120
Then:
P R 80 lb = = sin 35 sin120 sin 25
or (a) P = 108.6 lb ! (b) R = 163.9 lb !" "
Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines (a) Have:
80 lb 70 lb = sin sin 35 sin = 0.65552
= 40.959
or = 41.0 !
(b)
= 180 ( 35 + 40.959 )
= 104.041
Then:
R 70 lb = sin104.041 sin 35
or R = 118.4 lb !" "
We observe that force P is minimum when = 90. Then: (a) " And: (b)
R = ( 80 lb ) cos 35 or R = 65.5 lb ! P = ( 80 lb ) sin 35 or P = 45.9 lb
!
For TBC to be a minimum, R and TBC must be perpendicular. Thus " And
TBC = ( 70 N ) sin 4 = 4.8829 N R = ( 70 N ) cos 4 = 69.829 N
(a) (b)
TBC = 4.88 N
6.00 !
R = 69.8 N !
Using the force triangle and the Laws of Cosines and Sines We have:
= 180 (15 + 30 )
= 135
Then:
R 2 = (15 lb ) + ( 25 lb ) 2 (15 lb )( 25 lb ) cos135

2 2
= 1380.33 lb2
or and
R = 37.153 lb
25 lb 37.153 lb = sin sin135
! 25 lb " sin = # $ sin135 % 37.153 lb &

= 0.47581
= 28.412
Then:
+ + 75 = 180 = 76.588
R = 37.2 lb
76.6 !
Using the Law of Cosines and the Law of Sines,

R 2 = ( 45 lb ) + (15 lb ) 2 ( 45 lb )(15 lb ) cos135
2 2
or R = 56.609 lb
56.609 lb 15 lb = sin135 sin
or = 10.7991
R = 56.6 lb
85.8 !
"
! ! !
= 180 25 50 ! = 105 !
Using the Law of Cosines:
R 2 = ( 5 kN ) + ( 8 kN ) 2 ( 5 kN )( 8 kN ) cos105
2 2
or R = 10.4740 kN
Using the Law of Sines:

10.4740 kN 8 kN = sin105 sin or = 47.542 and = 47.542 25
= 22.542
R = 10.47 kN
22.5 "
Using the force triangle and the Laws of Cosines and Sines We have: Then:
= 180 ( 45 + 25 ) = 110
R 2 = ( 30 kN ) + ( 20 kN ) 2 ( 30 kN )( 20 kN ) cos110
2 2
= 1710.42 kN 2
R = 41.357 kN
and
20 kN 41.357 kN = sin sin110
! 20 kN " sin = # $ sin110 % 41.357 kN & = 0.45443
= 27.028
Hence:
= + 45 = 72.028
R = 41.4 kN
72.0 !
= 180 ( 45 + 25 ) = 110
R 2 = ( 30 kN ) + ( 20 kN ) 2 ( 30 kN )( 20 kN ) cos110
2 2
= 1710.42 kN 2
R = 41.357 kN
and
20 kN 41.357 kN = sin sin110
! 20 kN " sin = # $ sin110 % 41.357 kN &

= 0.45443
= 27.028
Hence:
= + 45 = 72.028
R = 41.4 kN
72.0 !
= 180 ( 45 + 25 ) = 110
R 2 = ( 30 kN ) + ( 20 kN ) 2 ( 30 kN )( 20 kN ) cos110
2 2
= 1710.42 kN 2
R = 41.357 kN
and
30 kN 41.357 kN = sin sin110
! 30 kN " sin = # $ sin110 % 41.357 kN &

= 0.68164
= 42.972
Finally:
= + 45 = 87.972
R = 41.4 kN
88.0 !
2.4 kN Force:
Fx = ( 2.4 kN ) cos 50
Fx = 1.543 kN
Fy = ( 2.4 kN ) sin 50
Fy = 1.839 kN
1.85 kN Force:
Fx = (1.85 kN ) cos 20
Fx = 1.738 kN
Fy = (1.85 kN ) sin 20
Fy = 0.633 kN
1.40 kN Force:
Fx = (1.40 kN ) cos 35
Fx = 1.147 kN
Fy = (1.40 kN ) sin 35
Fy = 0.803 kN
5 kips:
Fx = ( 5 kips ) cos 40
or Fx = 3.83 kips
Fy = ( 5 kips ) sin 40
or Fy = 3.21 kips
7 kips:
or Fx = 2.39 kips
or Fy = 6.58 kips
9 kips:
or Fx = 8.46 kips
or Fy = 3.08 kips
Determine the following distances:

dOA = dOB = dOC = 680 N Force:
( 160 mm )2 + ( 300 mm )2 ( 600 mm )2 + ( 250 mm )2

( 160 mm )
340 mm
= 340 mm
= 650 mm = 610 mm
( 600 mm )2 + ( 110 mm )2
Fx = 680 N
Fx = 320 N ! Fy = 680 N
( 300 mm )
340 mm Fy = 600 N !
390 N Force:
Fx = 390 N
( 600 mm )
650 mm Fx = 360 N !
Fy = 390 N
( 250 mm )
650 mm Fy = 150 N !
610 N Force:
Fx = 610 N
( 600 mm )
610 mm Fx = 600 N !
Fy = 610 N
( 110 mm )
610 mm Fy = 110 N !
We compute the following distances:
OA = OB = OC =
Then: 204 lb Force:
( 48)2 + ( 90 )2 ( 56 )2 + ( 90 )2 (80 )2 + ( 60 )2
= 102 in. = 106 in. = 100 in.
Fx = ( 204 lb )
48 , 102 90 , 102
Fx = 96.0 lb
Fy = + ( 204 lb )
212 lb Force:
Fy = 180.0 lb
Fx = + ( 212 lb )
56 , 106
Fx = 112.0 lb
Fy = + ( 212 lb )
400 lb Force:
90 , 106
Fy = 180.0 lb
Fx = ( 400 lb )
Fy = ( 400 lb )
80 , 100
60 , 100
Fx = 320 lb
Fy = 240 lb
(a)
P=
Py sin 35
960 N sin 35
or P = 1674 N
(b)
Px =
Py tan 35
960 N tan 35
or Px = 1371 N
(a)
P= P=
Px cos 40 30 lb cos 40 or P = 39.2 lb !
(b)
Py = Px tan 40 Py = ( 30 lb ) tan 40 or Py = 25.2 lb !
(a)
Py = 100 N P= P= Py sin 75 100 N sin 75

or P = 103.5 N "
(b)
Px = Px =
Py tan 75 100 N tan 75 or Px = 26.8 N "
We note: CB exerts force P on B along CB, and the horizontal component of P is Px = 260 lb. Then: (a)
Px = P sin 50
P=
Px sin 50
260 lb sin 50 P = 339 lb !
= 339.40 lb
(b)
Px = Py tan 50 Py = = Px tan 50 260 lb tan 50 Py = 218 lb !"
"
= 218.16 lb
"
(a)
P=
45 N cos 20 or P = 47.9 N !
(b)
Px = ( 47.9 N ) sin 20 or Px = 16.38 N !
"
(a)
P=
18 N sin 20 or P = 52.6 N !
(b)
Py =
18 N tan 20 or Py = 49.5 N !
From the solution to Problem 2.21:

F2.4 = (1.543 kN ) i + (1.839 kN ) j F1.85 = (1.738 kN ) i + ( 0.633 kN ) j F1.40 = (1.147 kN ) i ( 0.803 kN ) j R = F = ( 4.428 kN ) i + (1.669 kN ) j
R=
( 4.428 kN )2 + (1.669 kN )2
= 4.7321 kN tan = 1.669 kN 4.428 kN
= 20.652
R = 4.73 kN
20.6 !

F5 = ( 3.83 kips ) i + ( 3.21 kips ) j F7 = ( 2.39 kips ) i + ( 6.58 kips ) j F9 = ( 8.46 kips ) i + ( 3.08 kips ) j R = F = ( 7.02 kips ) i + (12.87 ) j
R=
( 7.02 kips )2 + (12.87 kips )2

! 12.87 " $ = 61.4 % 7.02 &
= 14.66 kips
= tan 1 #
R = 14.66 kips
61.4 !

FOA = ( 48.0 lb ) i + ( 90.0 lb ) j FOB = (112.0 lb ) i + (180.0 lb ) j FOC = ( 320 lb ) i ( 240 lb ) j R = F = ( 256 lb ) i + ( 30 lb ) j
R=
( 256 lb )2 + ( 30 lb )2
= 257.75 lb tan = 30 lb 256 lb
= 6.6839
R = 258 lb
6.68 !
From Problem 2.23:

FOA = ( 320 N ) i + ( 600 N ) j FOB = ( 360 N ) i + (150 N ) j FOC = ( 600 N ) i (110 N ) j R = F = ( 640 N ) i + ( 640 N ) j
R=
( 640 N )2 + ( 640 N )2
= 905.097 N tan = 640 N 640 N
= 45.0
R = 905 N
45.0 !
Cable BC Force:
Fx = (145 lb ) Fy = (145 lb ) 84 = 105 lb 116
80 = 100 lb 116 3 = 60 lb 5 4 = 80 lb 5
100-lb Force:
Fx = (100 lb ) Fy = (100 lb )
156-lb Force:
Fx = (156 lb ) 12 = 144 lb 13 5 = 60 lb 13
Fy = (156 lb )
and
Rx = Fx = 21 lb, R= Ry = Fy = 40 lb = 45.177 lb
( 21 lb )2 + ( 40 lb )2
tan = 40 21
Further:
= tan 1
Thus:
40 = 62.3 21
R = 45.2 lb 62.3 !
(a)
Since R is to be horizontal, Ry = 0 Then, Ry = Fy = 0

90 lb + ( 70 lb ) sin (130 lb ) cos = 0
(13) cos = ( 7 ) sin + 9

13 1 sin 2 = ( 7 ) sin + 9
169 1 sin 2 = ( 49 ) sin 2 + (126 ) sin + 81
Squaring both sides:
( 218) sin 2 + (126 ) sin 88 = 0

Solving by quadratic formula:
sin = 0.40899
or (b) Since R is horizontal, R = Rx Then, R = Rx = Fx

Fx = ( 70 ) cos 24.142 + (130 ) sin 24.142
= 24.1 !
or
R = 117.0 lb !
300-N Force:
Fx = ( 300 N ) cos 20 = 281.91 N Fy = ( 300 N ) sin 20 = 102.61 N
400-N Force:
Fx = ( 400 N ) cos85 = 34.862 N Fy = ( 400 N ) sin 85 = 398.48 N
600-N Force:
Fx = ( 600 N ) cos 5 = 597.72 N Fy = ( 600 N ) sin 5 = 52.293 N
and
Rx = Fx = 914.49 N Ry = Fy = 448.80 N R=
( 914.49 N )2 + ( 448.80 N )2
= 1018.68 N
Further:
tan = 448.80 914.49
= tan 1
448.80 = 26.1 914.49

R = 1019 N
26.1 !
Fx :
Rx = Fx Rx = ( 600 N ) cos 50 + ( 300 N ) cos85 ( 700 N ) cos 50 Rx = 38.132 N

Fy :
Ry = Fy Ry = ( 600 N ) sin 50 + ( 300 N ) sin 85 + ( 700 N ) sin 50 Ry = 1294.72 N

R=
( 38.132 N )2 + (1294.72 N )2
R = 1295 N
tan =
1294.72 N 38.132 N
= 88.3
R = 1.295 kN
88.3 !
We have:
Rx = Fx = 84 12 3 TBC + (156 lb ) (100 lb ) 116 13 5
or and
Rx = 0.72414TBC + 84 lb
R y = Fy =
80 5 4 TBC (156 lb ) (100 lb ) 116 13 5
Ry = 0.68966TBC 140 lb
(a)
So, for R to be vertical,

Rx = 0.72414TBC + 84 lb = 0 TBC = 116.0 lb !
(b) Using
TBC = 116.0 lb
R = R y = 0.68966 (116.0 lb ) 140 lb = 60 lb R = R = 60.0 lb !
(a)
Since R is to be vertical, Rx = 0 Then, Rx = Fx = 0
( 600 N ) cos + ( 300 N ) cos ( + 35) ( 700 N ) cos = 0

Expanding: 3 ( cos cos 35 sin sin 35 ) cos = 0
!1" cos 35 # $ %3& tan = sin 35
Then:
= 40.265
= 40.3 !
(b) Since R is vertical, R = Ry Then:
R = Ry = Fy
R = ( 600 N ) sin 40.265 + ( 300 N ) sin 75.265 + ( 700 N ) sin 40.265 R = 1130 N R = 1.130 kN !
Selecting the x axis along aa, we write

Rx = Fx = 300 N + ( 400 N ) cos + ( 600 N ) sin
R y = Fy = ( 400 N ) sin ( 600 N ) cos
(1) (2)
(a) Setting R y = 0 in Equation (2): Thus

tan = 600 = 1.5 400
= 56.3 !"
(b) Substituting for in Equation (1):
Rx = 300 N + ( 400 N ) cos 56.3 + ( 600 N ) sin 56.3
Rx = 1021.11 N
R = Rx = 1021 N !"
(a)
Require Ry = Fy = 0:
( 900 lb ) cos 25 + (1200 lb ) sin 35 TAE sin 65 = 0

or TAE = 1659.45 lb
TAE = 1659 lb ! "
(b)
R = Fx R = ( 900 lb ) sin 25 (1200 lb ) cos 35 (1659.45 lb ) cos 65 R = 2060 lb !
Free-Body Diagram
Force Triangle
Law of Sines:
FAC TBC 400 lb = = sin 25 sin 60 sin 95
(a)
FAC = TBC =
400 lb sin 25 = 169.691 lb sin 95 400 sin 60 = 347.73 lb sin 95
FAC = 169.7 lb !" TBC = 348 lb !"
(b)
Free-Body Diagram:
Fx = 0:
4 21 TCA + TCB = 0 5 29
or
! 29 "! 4 " TCB = # $# $ TCA % 21 &% 5 &
Fy = 0:
3 20 TCA + TCB ( 3 kN ) = 0 5 29 3 20 ! 29 4 " TCA + TCA $ ( 3 kN ) = 0 # 5 29 % 21 5 &
Then
or
TCA = 2.2028 kN
(a) TCA = 2.20 kN ! (b) TCB = 2.43 kN !
Free-Body Diagram:
Fy = 0:
FB sin 50 + FC sin 70 = 0
FC = Fx = 0:
sin 50 ( FB ) sin 70
FB cos 50 FC cos 70 + 940 N = 0
! # sin 50 $ " FB 'cos 50 + cos 70 % & ( = 940 ) sin 70 * , +

FB = 1019.96 N FC = sin 50 (1019.96 N ) sin 70
or
FC = 831 N ! FB = 1020 N !
Free-Body Diagram:
" " "

Fx = 0: Fy = 0: TAB cos 25 TAC cos 40 + ( 70 lb ) cos10 = 0 TAB sin 25 TAC sin 40 + ( 70 lb ) sin10 = 0
(1) (2)
Solving Equations (1) and (2) simultaneously: (a) TAB = 38.6 lb ! (b) TAC = 44.3 lb ! "
Free-Body Diagram:
(a)
Fx = 0:
TAB cos 30 + R cos 65 = 0 R= cos 30 TAB cos 65
Fy = 0:
TAB sin 30 + R sin 65 ( 550 N ) = 0 cos 30 ! " TAB # sin 30 + sin 65 $ 550 = 0 cos 65 % &
or (b)
R= cos30 ( 450 N ) cos 65
TAB = 405 N !
or
R = 830 N !
Free-Body Diagram At B:
Fx = 0:
12 17 TBA + TBC = 0 13 293 TBA = 1.07591 TBC
or
Fy = 0:
5 TBA + 13
2 TBC 300 N = 0 293
5 ! " 293 TBC = # 300 TBA $ 13 % & 2 TBC = 2567.6 3.2918 TBA TBC = 2567.6 3.2918 (1.07591TBC )
or Free-Body Diagram At C:
TBC = 565.34 N
"
Fx = 0:
TCD =
17 24 TBC + TCD = 0 25 293 17 25 " ( 565.34 N ) ! # 24 $ 293 % &
TCD = 584.86 N Fy = 0: WC = 2 7 TBC + TCD WC = 0 25 293
2 7 ( 565.34 N ) + ( 584.86 N ) 25 293
or
WC = 97.7 N !
Free-Body Diagram:
Fx = 0: 8 kips + 15 kips TD cos 40 = 0 TD = 9.1378 kips TD = 9.14 kips !
Fy = 0:
( 9.1378 kips ) sin 40 TC
=0 TC = 5.87 kips !
Free-Body Diagram:
Fy = 0:
9 kips + TD sin 40 = 0 TD = 14.0015 kips TD = 14.00 kips
Fx = 0:
6 kips + TB (14.0015 kips ) cos 40 = 0 TB = 16.73 kips

TB = 16.73 kips
Free-Body Diagram:
Fx = 0:
FC + ( 2.3 kN ) sin15 ( 2.1 kN ) cos15 = 0

or
FC = 1.433 kN
Fy = 0:
FD ( 2.3 kN ) cos15 + ( 2.1 kN ) sin15 = 0

or
FD = 1.678 kN
Free-Body Diagram:
Fx = 0:
FB cos15 + 2.4 kN + (1.9 kN ) sin15 = 0

or
FB = 2.9938 kN FB = 2.99 kN
Fy = 0:
FD (1.9 kN ) cos15 + ( 2.9938 kN ) sin15 = 0

FD = 1.060 kN
From Similar Triangles we have:

L2 ( 2.5 m ) = ( 8 L ) ( 5.45 m )
2 2 2
6.25 = 64 16 L 29.7025
or And
cos =
L = 2.5342 m
5.45 m 8 m 2.5342 m
or Then
= 4.3576
2.5 m 2.5342 m
cos =
or = 9.4237 Free-Body Diagram At B: ! ! or

Fx = 0: ! TABC cos ( 35 N ) cos + TABC cos = 0 TABC =
( 35) cos 9.4237

cos 4.3576 cos 9.4237
TABC = 3255.9 N Fy = 0: ! TABC sin + ( 35 N ) sin + TABC sin W = 0 sin 9.4237 ( 3255.9 N + 35 N ) + ( 3255.9 N ) sin 4.3576 W = 0
or
W = 786.22 N
(a) (b)
W = 786 N " TABC = 3.26 kN "

! From Similar Triangles we have:
L2 ( 3 m ) = ( 8 L ) ( 4.95 m )
2 2 2
9 = 64 16 L 24.5025
or Then or And or Free-Body Diagram At B: (a)
L = 3.0311 m 4.95 m 8 m 3.0311 m
cos =
= 4.9989
cos = 3m 3.0311 m
= 8.2147
Fx = 0: TABC cos TDE cos + TABC cos = 0
or
TDE =
cos cos TABC cos
Fy = 0: TABC sin + TDE sin + TABC sin ( 720 N ) = 0
! " # cos cos $ TABC 'sin + sin % & + sin ( = 720 cos ) * + ,
TABC =
( 720 ) cos sin ( + )
Substituting for and gives

TABC =
( 720 ) cos8.2147 sin (8.2147 + 4.9989 )

TABC = 3.12 kN "
TABC = 3117.5 N
or (b)
TDE = cos 4.9989 cos8.2147 ( 3117.5 N ) cos8.2147
TDE = 20.338 N
or
TDE = 20.3 N "
Free-Body Diagram At C:
3 15 15 Fx = 0: TAC + TBC (150 lb ) = 0 5 17 17
"
Fy = 0:
or
17 TAC + 5 TBC = 750 5
(1)
4 8 8 TAC + TBC (150 lb ) 190 lb = 0 5 17 17
or Then adding Equations (1) and (2)
17 TAC + 2 TBC = 1107.5 5
(2)
7 TBC = 1857.5
or
TBC = 265.36 lb
Therefore
(a) TAC = 169.6 lb ! (b)

TBC = 265 lb !
3 15 15 Fx = 0: TAC + TBC (150 lb ) = 0 5 17 17 17 " or TAC + 5 TBC = 750 5 4 8 8 Fy = 0: TAC + TBC (150 lb ) W = 0 5 17 17 17 17 or TAC + 2 TBC = 300 + W 5 4 17 7 TBC = 1050 + W Adding Equations (1) and (2) gives 4 17 or TBC = 150 + W 28
(1)
(2)
Using Equation (1) or Now for

T 240 lb TAC =
17 17 " ! TAC + 5 #150 + W = 750 5 28 $ % &
or
25 W 28 25 TAC : 240 = W 28 W = 269 lb TBC : 240 = 150 + 17 W 28
or
W = 148.2 lb
Therefore
0 W 148.2 lb !

Free-Body Diagram At A: First note from geometry: The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AD are in the ratio 12:35:37. The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AC are in the ratio 3:4:5. The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AB are also in the ratio 12:35:37. Then:
Fx = 0:
or
4 35 12 ( 3W ) + (W ) + Fs = 0 5 37 37
Fs = 4.4833W
and
Fy = 0:
Then:
3 12 35 ( 3W ) + (W ) + Fs 400 N = 0 5 37 37
3 12 35 ( 3W ) + (W ) + ( 4.4833W ) 400 N = 0 5 37 37
or
W = 62.841 N
and
Fs = 281.74 N
or (a) (b) Have spring force
W = 62.8 N Fs = k ( LAB LO )
Where
FAB = k AB ( LAB LO )
and
LAB =
So:
( 0.360 m )2 + (1.050 m )2
= 1.110 m
281.74 N = 800 N/m (1.110 LO ) m

or
LO = 758 mm
Free-Body Diagram At A:
First Note ... With LAB =
( 22 in.)2 + (16.5 in.)2

LAB = 27.5 in. LAD =
( 30 in.)2 + (16 in.)2
LAD = 34 in.
Then FAB = k AB ( LAB LO )

= ( 9 lb/in.)( 27.5 in. 22.5 in.) = 45 lb FAD = k AD ( LAD LO ) = ( 3 lb/in.)( 34 in. 22.5 in.) = 34.5 lb
(a)
Fx = 0:
4 7 15 ( 45 lb ) + TAC + ( 34.5 lb ) = 0 5 25 17 or TAC = 19.8529 lb TAC = 19.85 lb !
(b)
Fy = 0:
3 24 8 ( 45 lb ) + (19.8529 lb ) + ( 34.5 lb ) W = 0 5 25 17 W = 62.3 lb !
(a)
For TAB to be a minimum

TAB must be perpendicular to TAC
+ 10 = 60 or (b) Then TAB = ( 70 lb ) sin 30 or

TAB = 35.0 lb
= 50.0
Note:
In problems of this type, P may be directed along one of the cables, with T = Tmax in that cable and T = 0 in the other, or P may be directed in such a way that T is maximum in both cables. The second possibility is investigated first.
Free-Body Diagram At C: Force Triangle
Force triangle is isoceles with
2 = 180 85
= 47.5
P = 2 ( 900 N ) cos 47.5 = 1216 N
Since P > 0, solution is correct (a)

P = 1216 N !
= 180 55 47.5 = 77.5

(b)
= 77.5 !
Note: Refer to Note in Problem 2.60 Free-Body Diagram At C: Force Triangle
(a) Law of Cosines

P 2 = (1400 N ) + ( 700 N ) 2 (1400 N )( 700 N ) cos85
2 2
or (b) Law of Sines

sin sin 85 = 1400 N 1510 N sin = 0.92362
P = 1510 N !
= 67.461 = 180 55 67.461

or
= 57.5 !
Fx = 0: 2Tx 1200 N = 0 Tx = 600 N
(Tx )2 + (Ty )
= T2
2
( 600 N )2 + (Ty )
!
= ( 870 N )
Ty = 630 N
By similar triangles:
1.8 m AC = 870 N 630 N AC = 2.4857 m L = 2( AC ) L = 2 ( 2.4857 m ) L = 4.97 m L = 4.97 m "
TBC must be perpendicular to FAC to be as small as possible.
Free-Body Diagram: C
Force Triangle is a Right Triangle
(a) We observe: (b)

TBC = ( 400 lb ) sin 60
= 55 = 55 !
or TBC = 346.41 lb
TBC = 346 lb !"
At Collar A ...
Have For stretched length

L AB =
Fs = k ( L AB LAB )
(12 in.)2 + (16 in.)2
L AB = 20 in.
For unstretched length

LAB = 12 2 in.
Then
Fs = 4 lb/in. 20 12 2 in. Fs = 12.1177 lb
For the collar ...

Fy = 0 W + 4 (12.1177 lb ) = 0 5 W = 9.69 lb !
At Collar A ...
Fy = 0:
9 lb +
h 12 + h 2
2
Fs = 0
or Now
hFs = 9 144 + h 2
Fs = k ( L AB LAB )
Where the stretched length
L AB =
(12 in.)2 + h2
LAB = 12 2 in.
Then Becomes or hFs = 9 144 + h 2
h 3 lb/in.
( 144 + h
12 2 = 9 144 + h 2
( h 3)
144 + h 2 = 12 2 h
h = 16.81 in.
Solving Numerically ...
Free-Body Diagram: B
(a) Have:
TBD + FAB + TBC = 0
where magnitude and direction of TBD are known, and the direction of FAB is known.
Then, in a force triangle: By observation, TBC is minimum when (b) Have
= 90.0
TBC = ( 310 N ) sin (180 70 30 )

= 305.29 N
TBC = 305 N
Free-Body Diagram At C: Since TAB = TBC = 140 lb, Force triangle is isosceles:
With
2 + 75 = 180
= 52.5
Then
= 90 52.5 30 = 7.50
P = (140 lb ) cos 52.5 2
P = 170.453 lb P = 170.5 lb
7.50
Free-Body Diagram of Pulley (a)
Fy = 0: 2T ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0
T =
1 ( 2746.8 N ) 2
T = 1373 N
(b)
Fy = 0: 2T ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0 T = 1 ( 2746.8 N ) 2

T = 1373 N
(c)
Fy = 0: 3T ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0 T = 1 ( 2746.8 N ) 3

T = 916 N
Fy = 0: 3T ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0
(d)
T =
1 ( 2746.8 N ) 3
T = 916 N
Fy = 0: 4T ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0

(e )
T =
1 ( 2746.8 N ) 4
T = 687 N
Free-Body Diagram of Pulley and Crate
(b)
Fy = 0: 3T ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0
T =
1 ( 2746.8 N ) 3
T = 916 N
(d)
Fy = 0: 4T ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0 T = 1 ( 2746.8 N ) 4

T = 687 N
Free-Body Diagram: Pulley C
(a)
Fx = 0: TACB ( cos 30 cos 50 ) ( 800 N ) cos 50 = 0

Hence
TACB = 2303.5 N TACB = 2.30 kN
(b)
Fy = 0: TACB ( sin 30 + sin 50 ) + ( 800 N ) sin 50 Q = 0
( 2303.5 N )( sin 30 + sin 50 ) + (800 N ) sin 50 Q = 0

or
Q = 3529.2 N
Q = 3.53 kN
Free-Body Diagram: Pulley C
Fx = 0: TACB ( cos 30 cos 50 ) P cos 50 = 0

or
P = 0.34730TACB
(1)
Fy = 0: TACB ( sin 30 + sin 50 ) + P sin 50 2000 N = 0

or
1.26604TACB + 0.76604 P = 2000 N
(2)
(a) Substitute Equation (1) into Equation (2):
1.26604TACB + 0.76604 ( 0.34730TACB ) = 2000 N

Hence:
TACB = 1305.41 N TACB = 1305 N
(b) Using (1)
P = 0.34730 (1305.41 N ) = 453.37 N

P = 453 N
First replace 30 lb forces by their resultant Q:

Q = 2 ( 30 lb ) cos 25 Q = 54.378 lb
Equivalent loading at A:
Law of Cosines:
(120 lb )2 = (100 lb )2 + ( 54.378 lb )2 2 (100 lb )( 54.378 lb ) cos (125 ) cos (125 ) = 0.132685
This gives two values:
125 = 97.625
= 27.4
125 = 97.625
= 223
Thus for R < 120 lb:
27.4 < < 223 !
"
(a)
Fx = ( 950 lb ) sin 50 cos 40
= 557.48 lb
Fx = 557 lb ! " Fy = ( 950 lb ) cos 50
= 610.65 lb
Fy = 611 lb ! " Fz = ( 950 lb ) sin 50 sin 40
= 467.78 lb
Fz = 468 lb !
(b)
cos x =
557.48 lb 950 lb
or x = 54.1 ! "
cos y = 610.65 lb 950 lb
or y = 130.0 ! "
cos z = 467.78 lb 950 lb
or z = 60.5 ! "
(a)
Fx = ( 810 lb ) cos 45 sin 25 = 242.06 lb

Fx = 242 lb ! "
Fy = ( 810 lb ) sin 45 = 572.76 lb Fy = 573 lb ! " Fz = (810 lb ) cos 45 cos 25 = 519.09 lb Fz = 519 lb ! 242.06 lb 810 lb
(b)
cos x =
or x = 107.4 ! "
cos y = 572.76 lb 810 lb
or y = 135.0 ! "
cos z = 519.09 lb 810 lb
or z = 50.1 ! "
(a)
Fx = ( 900 N ) cos 30 cos 25 = 706.40 N

Fx = 706 N ! "
Fy = ( 900 N ) sin 30 = 450.00 N Fy = 450 N ! " Fz = ( 900 N ) cos 30 sin 25 = 329.04 N Fz = 329 N !
(b)
cos x =
706.40 N 900 N
or x = 38.3 ! "
cos y = 450.00 N 900 N
or y = 60.0 ! "
cos z = 329.40 N 900 N
or z = 111.5 ! "
(a)
Fx = (1900 N ) sin 20 sin 70 = 610.65 N

Fx = 611 N !
Fy = (1900 N ) cos 20 = 1785.42 N Fy = 1785 N ! Fz = (1900 N ) sin 20 cos 70 = 222.26 N Fz = 222 N !
(b)
cos x =
610.65 N 1900 N or x = 108.7 !
cos y =
1785.42 N 1900 N or y = 20.0 !
cos z =
222.26 N 1900 N or z = 83.3 !
(a)
Fx = (180 lb ) cos 35 sin 20 = 50.430 lb

Fx = 50.4 lb !
Fy = (180 lb ) sin 35 = 103.244 lb Fy = 103.2 lb ! Fz = (180 lb ) cos 35 cos 20 = 138.555 lb Fz = 138.6 lb !
(b)
cos x =
50.430 lb 180 lb or x = 73.7 !
cos y =
103.244 lb 180 lb or y = 125.0 !
cos z =
138.555 lb 180 lb or z = 39.7 !
(a)
Fx = (180 lb ) cos 30 cos 25 = 141.279 lb

Fx = 141.3 lb !
Fy = (180 lb ) sin 30 = 90.000 lb Fy = 90.0 lb ! Fz = (180 lb ) cos 30 sin 25 = 65.880 lb Fz = 65.9 lb ! 141.279 lb 180 lb or x = 38.3 ! cos y = 90.000 lb 180 lb or y = 120.0 ! cos z = 65.880 lb 180 lb or z = 68.5 !
(b)
cos x =
(a)
Fx = ( 220 N ) cos 60 cos 35 = 90.107 N

Fx = 90.1 N
Fy = ( 220 N ) sin 60
= 190.526 N Fy = 190.5 N Fz = ( 220 N ) cos 60 sin 35 = 63.093 N

Fz = 63.1 N
(b)
cos x =
90.107 220 N
x = 114.2
cos y = 190.526 N 220 N
y = 30.0
cos z = 63.093 N 220 N
z = 106.7
(a)
Fx = 180 N
With Fx = F cos 60 cos 35

180 N = F cos 60 cos 35 or F = 439.38 N F = 439 N !
(b)
cos x =
180 N 439.48 N
x = 65.8 !
Fy = ( 439.48 N ) sin 60 Fy = 380.60 N cos y = 380.60 N 439.48 N
y = 30.0 !
Fz = ( 439.48 N ) cos 60 sin 35 Fz = 126.038 N cos z = 126.038 N 439.48 N
z = 106.7 !
F=
F =
Fx2 + Fy2 + Fz2
( 65 N )2 + ( 80 N )2 + ( 200 N )2
F = 225 N !
cos x =
Fx 65 N = F 225 N
x = 73.2 !
cos y = Fy F = 80 N 225 N
y = 110.8 !
cos z = Fz 200 N = F 225 N
z = 152.7 !
F= F =
Fx2 + Fy2 + Fz2
( 450 N )2 + ( 600 N )2 + ( 1800 N )2

F = 1950 N !
cos x =
Fx 450 N = F 1950 N
x = 76.7 !
cos y =
Fy F
600 N 1950 N
y = 72.1 !
cos z =
Fz 1800 N = 1950 N F
z = 157.4 !
(a)
We have ( cos x ) + cos y

2
2 ) + ( cos z )2 = 1 2 2
( cos y )
= 1 ( cos x ) ( cos z ) cos y < 0

2
Since Fy < 0 we must have Thus
cos y = 1 ( cos 43.2 ) cos ( 83.8 ) cos y = 0.67597
y = 132.5 !
(b) Then:
F = Fy
cos y 50 lb 0.67597
F=
F = 73.968 lb
And
Fx = F cos x Fx = ( 73.968 lb ) cos 43.2 Fx = 53.9 lb ! Fz = F cos z Fz = ( 73.968 lb ) cos83.8 Fz = 7.99 lb ! F = 74.0 lb !
(a)
We have ( cos x ) + cos y

2 2
2 ) + ( cos z )2 = 1 2
or ( cos z ) = 1 ( cos x ) cos y
Since Fz < 0 we must have Thus
cos z < 0
2 2
cos z = 1 ( cos113.2 ) cos ( 78.4 ) cos z = 0.89687
z = 153.7 !
(b) Then:
F = Fz 35 lb = cos z 0.89687
F = 39.025 lb
And
Fx = F cos x Fx = ( 39.025 lb ) cos113.2 Fx = 15.37 lb ! Fy = F cos y Fy = ( 39.025 lb ) cos 78.4 Fy = 7.85 lb ! F = 39.0 lb !
(a)
We have
Fy = F cos y Fy = ( 250 N ) cos 72.4 Fy = 75.592 N Fy = 75.6 N !
Then
F 2 = Fx2 + Fy2 + Fz2
( 250 N )2 = (80 N )2 + ( 75.592 N )2 + Fz2

Fz = 224.47 N Fz = 224 N !
(b)
cos x = cos x =
Fx F
80 N 250 N
x = 71.3 !
cos z = cos z =
Fz F
224.47 N 250 N
z = 26.1 !
(a)
Have
Fx = F cos x Fx = ( 320 N ) cos104.5 Fx = 80.122 N Fx = 80.1 N !
Then:
F 2 = Fx2 + Fy2 + Fz2
( 320 N )2 = ( 80.122 N )2 + Fy2 + ( 120 N )2

Fy = 285.62 N Fy = 286 N !
(b)
cos y = cos y =
Fy F
285.62 N 320 N
y = 26.8 !
cos z = cos z =
Fz F
120 N 320 N
z = 112.0 !
!!! " DB = ( 36 in.) i ( 42 in.) j ( 36 in.) k

DB =
( 36 in.)2 + ( 42 in.)2 + ( 36 in.)2

!!! " DB DB
= 66 in.
TDB = TDBDB = TDB TDB =
55 lb '( 36 in.) i ( 42 in.) j ( 36 in.) k ( , 66 in. +
= ( 30 lb ) i ( 35 lb ) j ( 30 lb ) k
(TDB ) x = 30.0 lb !
(TDB ) y
= 35.0 lb !
(TDB ) z = 30.0 lb !
!!! " EB = ( 36 in.) i ( 45 in.) j + ( 48 in.) k

EB =
( 36 in.)2 + ( 45 in.)2 + ( 48 in.)2

!!! " EB EB
= 75 in.
TEB = TEBEB = TEB TEB =
60 lb '( 36 in.) i ( 45 in.) j + ( 48 in.) k ( , 75 in. +
= ( 28.8 lb ) i ( 36 lb ) j + ( 38.4 lb ) k (TEB ) x = 28.8 lb !
(TEB ) y (TEB ) z
= 36.0 lb ! = 38.4 lb !
!!! " BA = ( 4 m ) i + ( 20 m ) j ( 5 m ) k "

BA =
F = F BA
( 4 m )2 + ( 20 m )2 + ( 5 m )2
= 21 m "
!!! " BA 2100 N '( 4 m ) i + ( 20 m ) j ( 5 m ) k ( = F = ," 21 m + BA

F = ( 400 N ) i + ( 2000 N ) j ( 500 N ) k "
Fx = + 400 N, Fy = + 2000 N, Fz = 500 N !"
!!! " DA = ( 4 m ) i + ( 20 m ) j + (14.8 m ) k "

DA =
F = F DA
( 4 m )2 + ( 20 m )2 + (14.8 m )2
= 25.2 m "
!!! " DA 1260 N '( 4 m ) i + ( 20 m ) j + (14.8 m ) k ( = F = ," 25.2 m + DA

F = ( 200 N ) i + (1000 N ) j + ( 740 N ) k "
Fx = + 200 N, Fy = + 1000 N, Fz = + 740 N !"
uuuv BG = (1 m ) i + (1.85 m ) j ( 0.8 m ) k

BG =
( 1 m )2 + (1.85 m )2 + ( 0.8 m )2
uuuv BG BG
BG = 2.25 m
TBG = TBG BG = TBG
TBG =
450 N (1 m ) i + (1.85 m ) j ( 0.8 m ) k 2.25 m
= ( 200 N ) i + ( 370 N ) j (160 N ) k

(TBG ) x = 200 N
(TBG ) y = 370 N
(TBG ) z = 160.0 N
uuuu v BH = ( 0.75 m ) i + (1.5 m ) j (1.5 m ) k

BH =
( 0.75 m )2 + (1.5 m )2 + ( 1.5 m )2

uuuu v BH BH
= 2.25 m
TBH = TBH BH = TBH TBH =
600 N ( 0.75 m ) i + (1.5 m ) j (1.5 m ) k 2.25 m
= ( 200 N ) i + ( 400 N ) j ( 400 N ) k

(TBH ) x = 200 N
(TBH ) y = 400 N
(TBH ) z
= 400 N
P = ( 4 kips ) [ cos 30 sin 20i sin 30j + cos 30 cos 20k ] = (1.18479 kips ) i ( 2 kips ) j + ( 3.2552 kips ) k Q = (8 kips ) [ cos 45 sin15i + sin 45j cos 45 cos15k ] = (1.46410 kips ) i + ( 5.6569 kips ) j ( 5.4641 kips ) k R = P + Q = ( 0.27931 kip ) i + ( 3.6569 kips ) j ( 2.2089 kips ) k
R=
( 0.27931 kip)2 + (3.6569 kips )2 + ( 2.2089 kips)2

or
Rx 0.27931 kip = = 0.065238 R 4.2814 kips
Ry R = 3.6569 kips = 0.85414 4.2814 kips
R = 4.2814 kips
cos x =
cos y =
R = 4.28 kips
cos z =
Rz 2.2089 kips = = 0.51593 R 4.2814 kips

or
x = 93.7
y = 31.3
z = 121.1
P = ( 6 kips ) [ cos 30 sin 20i sin 30j + cos 30 cos 20k ] = (1.77719 kips ) i ( 3 kips ) j + ( 4.8828 kips ) k Q = ( 7 kips ) [ cos 45 sin15i + sin 45j cos 45 cos15k ] = (1.28109 kips ) i + ( 4.94975 kips ) j ( 4.7811 kips ) k R = P + Q = ( 0.49610 kip ) i + (1.94975 kips ) j + ( 0.101700 kip ) k
R=
( 0.49610 kip)2 + (1.94975 kips)2 + ( 0.101700 kip)2

or
Rx 0.49610 kip = = 0.24628 R 2.0144 kips
Ry R = 1.94975 kips = 0.967906 2.0144 kips
R = 2.0144 kips
cos x =
cos y =
R = 2.01 kips
cos z =
Rz 0.101700 kip = = 0.050486 R 2.0144 kips

or
x = 75.7
y = 14.56 z = 87.1
uuu r AB = ( 600 mm ) i + ( 360 mm ) j + ( 270 mm ) k
AB =
( 600 mm )2 + (360 mm )2 + ( 270 mm )2
AB = 750 mm uuuv AC = ( 600 mm ) i + ( 320 mm ) j ( 510 mm ) k

AC =
( 600 mm )2 + ( 320 mm )2 + ( 510 mm )2
AC = 850 mm uuu r AB 510 N ( 600 mm ) i + ( 360 mm ) j + ( 270 mm ) k TAB = TAB = AB 750 mm TAB = ( 408 N ) i + ( 244.8 N ) j + (183.6 N ) k uuur AC 765 N ( 600 mm ) i + ( 320 mm ) j ( 510 mm ) k TAC = TAC = AC 850 mm TAC = ( 540 N ) i + ( 288 N ) j ( 459 N ) k R = TAB + TAC = ( 948 N ) i + ( 532.8 N ) j ( 275.4 N ) k
Then and
R = 1121.80 N 948 N cos x = 1121.80 N 532.8 N cos y = 1121.80 N 275.4 N cos z = 1121.80 N
R = 1122 N
x = 147.7
y = 61.6
z = 104.2
!!! " AB = ( 600 mm ) i + ( 360 mm ) j + ( 270 mm ) k
AB =
( 600 mm )2 + ( 360 mm)2 + ( 270 mm) 2
= 750 mm
AB = 750 mm !!!" AC = ( 600 mm ) i + ( 320 mm ) j ( 510 mm ) k AC =
( 600 mm )2 + ( 320 mm) 2 + ( 510 mm) 2
= 850 mm
AC = 850 mm !!! " AB 765 N ' ( 600 mm ) i + ( 360 mm ) j + ( 270 mm ) k ( TAB = TAB = , AB 750 mm +
TAB = ( 612 N ) i + ( 367.2 N ) j + ( 275.4 N ) k !!!" AC 510 N ' ( 600 mm ) i + ( 320 mm ) j ( 510 mm ) k ( TAC = TAC = , AC 850 mm + TAC = ( 360 N ) i + (192 N ) j ( 306 N ) k R = TAB + TAC = ( 972 N ) i + ( 559.2 N ) j ( 30.6 N ) k
Then
R = 1121.80 N R = 1122 N !
cos x =
972 N x = 150.1 !" 1121.80 N 559.2 N cos y = y = 60.1 !" 1121.80 N 30.6 N cos z = z = 91.6 !" 1121.80 N
Have
TAB = ( 760 lb )( sin 50 cos 40i cos 50j + sin 50 sin 40k ) TAC = TAC ( cos 45 sin 25i sin 45 j + cos 45 cos 25k )
(a)
R A = TAB + TAC
( RA ) x = 0
( RA ) x = Fx = 0:
( 760 lb) sin 50 cos 40 TAC cos 45 sin 25 = 0

or TAC = 1492.41 lb TAC = 1492 lb
(b)
( RA ) y = Fy = ( 760 lb) cos 50 (1492.41 lb) sin 45 ( RA ) y = 1543.81 lb ( RA ) z = Fz = ( 760 lb) sin 50 sin 40 + (1492.41 lb) cos 45 cos 25 ( RA ) z = 1330.65 lb R A = (1543.81 lb ) j + (1330.65 lb ) k
RA = 2038.1 lb RA = 2040 lb
Then
cos x =
cos y =
0 2038.1 lb
1543.81 lb 2038.1 lb
x = 90.0
y = 139.2
z = 49.2
cos z =
1330.65 lb 2038.1 lb
Have
TAB = TAB ( sin 50 cos 40i cos 50j + sin 50 sin 40k ) TAC = ( 980 lb )( cos 45 sin 25i sin 45j + cos 45 cos 25k )
(a)
R A = TAB + TAC
( RA ) x = 0
( RA ) x = Fx = 0:
TAB sin 50 cos 40 ( 980 lb ) cos 45 sin 25 = 0

or TAB = 499.06 lb
TAB = 499 lb
(b)
( RA ) y = Fy = ( 499.06 lb) cos 50 (980 lb) sin 45 ( RA ) y = 1013.75 lb ( RA ) z = Fz = ( 499.06 lb) sin 50 sin 40 + (980 lb) cos 45 cos 25 ( RA ) z = 873.78 lb R A = (1013.75 lb ) j + (873.78 lb ) k
RA = 1338.35 lb RA = 1338 lb
Then and
cos x =
0 1338.35 lb 1013.75 lb 1338.35 lb
x = 90.0
cos y = cos z =
y = 139.2
z = 49.2
873.78 lb 1338.35 lb
Cable AB:
!!! " AB = ( 600 mm ) i + ( 360 mm ) j + ( 270 mm ) k
AB =
( 600 mm )2 + ( 360 mm)2 + ( 270 mm) 2
= 750 mm
TAB = TAB
!!! " AB 600 N ' ( 600 mm ) i + ( 360 mm ) j + ( 270 mm ) k ( = , AB 750 mm +
Cable AC:
AC =
TAB = ( 480 N ) i + ( 288 N ) j + ( 216 N ) k !!!" AC = ( 600 mm ) i + ( 320 mm ) j ( 510 mm ) k
( 600 mm )2 + ( 320 mm) 2 + ( 510 mm) 2
= 850 mm
TAC = TAC
!!!" AC TAC ' ( 600 mm ) i + ( 320 mm ) j ( 510 mm ) k ( = , AC 850 mm +
TAC =
Load P: (a) (b)
60 32 51 TAC i + TAC j TAC k 85 85 85 P = Pj

= Fz = 0:
( RA ) z
( 216 N ) ( 288 N ) +
51 TAC = 0 85 32 TAC P = 0 85
or or
TAC = 360 N ! P = 424 N !
( RA ) y = Fy = 0:
Cable AB:
!!! " AB = ( 4 m ) i ( 20 m ) j + ( 5 m ) k
AB =
( 4 m)2 + ( 20 m)2 + (5 m )2
TAB = TAB
= 21 m !!! " AB T = AB ! ( 4 m ) i ( 20 m ) j + ( 5 m ) k " $ AB 21 m #
Cable AC:
!!!" AC = (12 m ) i ( 20 m ) j + ( 3.6 m ) k
AC =
(12 m )2 + ( 20 m )2 + ( 3.6 m )2
TAC = TAC
= 23.6 m !!!" AC 1770 N !(12 m ) i ( 20 m ) j + ( 3.6 m ) k " = $ AC 23.6 m #
Cable AD:
= ( 900 N ) i (1500 N ) j + ( 270 N ) k !!!" AD = ( 4 m ) i ( 20 m ) j + (14.8 m ) k

AD =
( 4 m )2 + ( 20 m )2 + (14.8 m )2
TAD = TAD =
= 25.2 m !!!" AD TAD ! ( 4 m ) i ( 20 m ) j + (14.8 m ) k " = $ AD 25.2 m #
TAD ! (10 m ) i ( 50 m ) j ( 37 m ) k " $ 63 m #
Now...
R = TAB + TAC + TAD and R = Rj; Rx = Rz = 0
4 10 TAB + 900 TAD = 0 21 63 5 37 Fy = 0: TAB + 270 TAD = 0 21 63 Solving equations (1) and (2) simultaneously yields: Fx = 0:
(1) (2)
TAD = 1.775 kN ! TAB = 3.25 kN !

d AB = d AC = d AD =
( 450 mm) 2 + ( 600 mm )2 ( 600 mm )2 + ( 320 mm)2
= 750 mm = 680 mm = 860 mm
( 500 mm)2 + ( 600 mm )2 + ( 360 mm )2

TAB ' ( 450 mm ) i + ( 600 mm ) j( , 750 mm + TAC '( 600 mm ) j ( 320 mm ) k ( , 680 mm +
TAB =
TAB = ( 0.6 i + 0.8 j) TAB TAC =
8 " ! 15 TAC = # j k $ TAC % 17 17 &

TAD =
TAD '( 500 mm ) i + ( 600 mm ) j + ( 360 mm ) k ( , 860 mm +
30 18 " ! 25 TAD = # i + j+ k $ TAD % 43 43 43 & W = W j
At point A: i component:
F = 0: 0.6 TAB
TAB + TAC + TAD + W = 0 25 + TAD = 0 43 ! 5 " ! 25 " TAB = # $ # $ TAD or % 3 & % 43 &
(1)
k component:
18 18 TAC + TAD = 0 17 43 or
! 17 " ! 18 " TAC = # $ # $ TAD % 8 & % 43 &
(2)
j component:
15 30 TAC + TAD W = 0 17 43 15 ! 17 18 " 30 TAD $ + T W = 0 0.8 TAB + # & 43 AD 17 % 8 43 255 TAD W = 0 0.8 TAB + 172 0.8 TAB +
(3)
From Equation (1):

! 5 " ! 25 " 6 kN = # $ # $ TAD % 3 & % 43 &
or
TAD = 6.1920 kN
From Equation (3):

0.8 ( 6 kN ) + 255 ( 6.1920 kN ) W = 0 172
W = 13.98 kN !
See Problem 2.101 for the figure and the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3) below.
! 5 " ! 25 " TAB = # $ # $ TAD % 3 & % 43 & ! 17 " ! 18 " TAC = # $ # $ TAD % 8 & % 43 &
0.8 TAB + 255 TAD W = 0 172
(1)
(2) (3)
From Equation (1)

! 5 " ! 25 " TAB = # $ # $ ( 4.3 kN ) % 3 & % 43 &
or TAB = 4.1667 kN
From Equation (3)

0.8 ( 4.1667 kN ) + 255 ( 4.3 kN ) W = 0 172 W = 9.71 kN !
!!! " AB = ( 4.20 m ) i ( 5.60 m ) j
AB = ( 4.20 m ) + ( 5.60 m ) = 7.00 m !!!" AC = ( 2.40 m ) i ( 5.60 m ) j + ( 4.20 m ) k

2 2
AC = ( 2.40 m ) + ( 5.60 m ) + ( 4.20 m ) = 7.40 m !!!" AD = ( 5.60 m ) j ( 3.30 m ) k

2 2 2
TAB = TAB AB
AD = ( 5.60 m ) + ( 3.30 m ) = 6.50 m !!! " AB TAB = TAB = ( 4.20i 5.60j) AB 7.00 m
2 2
4 " ! 3 TAB = # i j$ TAB % 5 5 & !!!" AC TAC TAC = TAC AC = TAC = ( 2.40i 5.60j + 4.20k ) AC 7.40 m 28 21 " ! 12 TAC = # i j+ k $ TAC % 37 37 37 & !!!" AD TAD TAD = TAD AD = TAD = ( 5.60 j 3.30k ) AD 6.50 m 33 " ! 56 TAD = # j k $ TAD % 65 65 &
P = Pj
For equilibrium at point A:
F = 0 TAB + TAC + TAD + P = 0
i component:
3 12 TAB + TAC = 0 5 37 or TAB = 20 TAC 37
(1)
j component:
4 28 56 TAB TAC TAD + P = 0 5 37 65 4 28 56 ! 65 7 " TAB TAC TAC $ + P = 0 # % & 5 37 65 11 37 4 700 TAB TAC + P = 0 5 407
(2)
k component:
21 33 TAC TAD = 0 37 65 or
! 65 " ! 7 " TAD = # $ # $ TAC % 11 & % 37 &
(3)
From Equation (1):

! 20 " 259 N = # $ TAC % 37 &
or TAC = 479.15 N
From Equation (2):
4 700 ( 259 N ) ( 479.15 N ) + P = 0 5 407 P = 1031 N !
See Problem 2.103 for the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3)
TAB = 20 TAC 37
(1)
4 700 TAB TAC + P = 0 (2) 5 407
! 65 "! 7 " TAD = # $# $ TAC % 11 &% 37 &
(3)
Substituting for TAC = 444 N into Equation (1) Gives

or TAB = 20 ( 444 N ) 37
TAB = 240 N
And from Equation (3)

4 700 ( 240 N ) ( 444 N ) + P = 0 5 407
P = 956 N
d BA = dCA = d DA =
( 11 in.)2 + ( 9.6 in.)2 ( 9.6 in.)2 + ( 7.2 in.)2
= 14.6 in. = 12.0 in. = 14.4 in.
( 9.6 in.)2 + ( 9.6 in.)2 + ( 4.8 in.)2
FBA = FBABA =
FBA !( 11 in.) i + ( 9.6 in.) j" $ 14.6 in. #
! % 11 & % 9.6 & " = FBA ) ' (i + ' ( j* 14.6 , + 14.6 , $ # + FCA = FCACA = FCA !( 9.6 in.) j ( 7.2 in.) k " $ 12.0 in. #
!% 4 & %3& " = FCA )' ( j ' ( k * +5, $ #+ 5 , FDA = FDADA = FDA !( 9.6 in.) i + ( 9.6 in.) j + ( 4.8 in.) k " $ 14.4 in. #
!% 2 & %2& %1& " = FDA )' ( i + ' ( j + ' ( k * +3, + 3, $ #+ 3 , P = Pj
At point A:
i
F = 0: FBA + FCA + FDA + P = 0

% 11 & %2& ' FBA + ' ( FDA = 0 ( + 14.6 , +3, % 9.6 & %4& %2& ' 14.6 ( FBA + ' 5 ( FCA + ' 3 ( FDA P = 0 + , + , + , %3& %1& ' ( FCA + ' ( FDA = 0 +5, +3,
component: component: component:
(1) (2) (3)

continued
From Equation (1)
% 14.6 &% 2 & FBA = ' (' ( FDA + 11 ,+ 3 , % 14.6 &% 2 & 29.2 lb = ' (' ( FDA + 11 ,+ 3 , or FDA = 33 lb %5& FCA = ' ( FDA +9,
Solving Eqn. (3) for FCA gives:

%5& FCA = ' ( ( 33 lb ) +9,
Substituting into Eqn. (2) for FBA , FDA, and FCA in terms of FDA gives: ! !
% 9.6 & % 4 &% 5 & %2& ' 14.6 ( ( 29.2 lb ) + ' 5 (' 9 ( ( 33 lb ) + ' 3 ( ( 33 lb ) P = 0 ! + , + ,+ , + ,
! P = 55.9 lb " !
See Problem 2.105 for the figure and the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3) below.
11 2 FBA + FDA = 0 14.6 3 9.6 4 2 FBA + FCA + FDA P = 0 14.6 5 3 3 1 FCA + FDA = 0 (3) 5 3
From Equation (1): From Equation (3):
(1) (2)
14.6 2 FBA = FDA 11 3
5 FCA = FDA 9
Substituting into Equation (2) for FBA and FCA gives:
9.6 14.6 2 4 5 2 FDA + FDA + FDA P = 0 14.6 11 3 5 9 3 838 or FDA = P 495

Since P = 45 lb
838 FDA = 45 lb 495

or FDA = 26.581 lb
14.6 2 and FBA = ( 26.581 lb ) 11 3

or FBA = 23.5 lb
5 and FCA = ( 26.581 lb ) 9

or FCA = 14.77 lb and FDA = 26.6 lb
The force in each cable can be written as the product of the magnitude of the force and the unit vector along the cable. That is, with !!!" AC = (18 m ) i ( 30 m ) j + ( 5.4 m ) k !
AC =
(18 m )2 + ( 30 m )2 + ( 5.4 m )2
= 35.4 m
TAC = T AC = TAC
!!!" AC TAC !(18 m ) i ( 30 m ) j + ( 5.4 m ) k " = $ 35.4 m # AC
TAC = TAC ( 0.50847i 0.84746 j + 0.152542k )
and
!!! " AB = ( 6 m ) i ( 30 m ) j + ( 7.5 m ) k
AB =
( 6 m )2 + ( 30 m )2 + ( 7.5 m )2
= 31.5 m
TAB = T AB = TAB
!!! " AB TAB ! ( 6 m ) i ( 30 m ) j + ( 7.5 m ) k " = $ AB 31.5 m #
TAB = TAB ( 0.190476i 0.95238j + 0.23810k )
Finally
AD =
!!!" AD = ( 6 m ) i ( 30 m ) j ( 22.2 m ) k
( 6 m )2 + ( 30 m )2 + ( 22.2 m )2
= 37.8 m
TAD = T AD = TAD
!!!" AD TAD ! ( 6 m ) i ( 30 m ) j ( 22.2 m ) k " = $ AD 37.8 m #
TAD = TAD ( 0.158730i 0.79365j 0.58730k )

continued
With P = Pj, at A:
F = 0: TAB + TAC + TAD + Pj = 0
Equating the factors of i, j, and k to zero, we obtain the linear algebraic equations:
i : 0.190476TAB + 0.50847TAC 0.158730TAD = 0 j: 0.95238TAB 0.84746TAC 0.79365TAD + P = 0 k : 0.23810TAB + 0.152542TAC 0.58730TAD = 0
(1) (2) (3)
In Equations (1), (2) and (3), set TAB = 3.6 kN, and, using conventional methods for solving Linear Algebraic Equations (MATLAB or Maple, for example), we obtain:
TAC = 1.963 kN TAD = 1.969 kN
P = 6.66 kN "
Based on the results of Problem 2.107, particularly Equations (1), (2) and (3), we substitute TAC = 2.6 kN and solve the three resulting linear equations using conventional tools for solving Linear Algebraic Equations (MATLAB or Maple, for example), to obtain
TAB = 4.77 kN TAD = 2.61 kN
P = 8.81 kN !"
"
!!! " AB = ( 6.5 ft ) i (8 ft ) j + ( 2 ft ) k
AB =
TAB =
( 6.5 ft )2 + ( 8 ft )2 + ( 2 ft )2
= 10.5 ft
TAB ' ( 6.5 ft ) i ( 8 ft ) j + ( 2 ft ) k ( , 10.5 ft +
= TAB ( 0.61905i 0.76190 j + 0.190476k )
!!!" AC = (1 ft ) i ( 8 ft ) j + ( 4 ft ) k
AC =
TAC =
(1 ft )2 + ( 8 ft )2 + ( 4 ft )2
= 9 ft
TAC '(1 ft ) i ( 8 ft ) j + ( 4 ft ) k ( , 9 ft +
= TAC ( 0.111111i 0.88889 j + 0.44444k )
!!!" AD = (1.75 ft ) i ( 8 ft ) j (1 ft ) k
AD =
TAD =
(1.75 ft )2 + ( 8 ft )2 + ( 1 ft )2
= 8.25 ft
TAD '(1.75 ft ) i ( 8 ft ) j (1 ft ) k ( , 8.25 ft +
= TAD ( 0.21212i 0.96970 j 0.121212k )
At A F = 0
Fx = 0: Fy = 0: Fz = 0: 0.61905TAB + 0.111111TAC + 0.21212TAD = 0 0.76190TAB 0.88889TAC 0.96970TAD + W = 0
(1) (2) (3)
0.190476TAB + 0.44444TAC 0.121212TAD = 0
Substituting for W = 320 lb and Solving Equations (1), (2), (3) simultaneously yields:
TAB = 86.2 lb ! TAC = 27.7 lb ! TAD = 237 lb !
See Problem 2.109 for the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3) shown below.
0.61905 TAB + 0.111111TAC + 0.21212 TAD = 0 0.76190 TAB 0.88889 TAC 0.96970 TAD + W = 0 0.190476 TAB + 0.44444 TAC 0.121212TAD = 0
(1) (2)
(3)
Now substituting for TAD = 220 lb Gives:
0.61905 TAB + 0.111111TAC + 46.662 = 0 0.76190 TAB 0.88889 TAC 213.33 + W = 0 0.190476 TAB + 0.44444 TAC 26.666 = 0
Solving Equations (4) and (6) simultaneously gives
TAB = 79.992 lb and TAC = 25.716 lb
(4) (5) (6)
Substituting into Equation (5) yields
W = 297 lb

Note that because the line of action of each of the cords passes through the vertex A of the cone, the cords all have the same length, and the unit vectors lying along the cords are parallel to the unit vectors lying along the generators of the cone. Thus, for example, the unit vector along BE is identical to the unit vector along the generator AB. Hence:
AB = BE =
cos 45i + 8j sin 45k 65

cos 45i + 8j sin 45k TBE = TBE BE = TBE 65 cos 30i + 8j + sin 30k TCF = TCF CF = TCF 65 cos15i + 8 j sin15k TDG = TDG DG = TDG 65
It follows that:
At A:
F = 0: TBE + TCF + TDG + W + P = 0
Then, isolating the factors of i, j, and k, we obtain three algebraic equations:
i:
or
TBE T T cos 45 + CF cos 30 DG cos15 + P = 0 65 65 65

(1)
TBE cos 45 + TCF cos30 TDG cos15 + P 65 = 0

j: TBE
TBE + TCF + TDG W
8 8 8 + TCF + TDG W = 0 65 65 65
65 =0 8
(2)
or
k:
or
TBE T T sin 45 + CF sin 30 DG sin15 = 0 65 65 65

(3)
TBE sin 45 + TCF sin 30 TDG sin15 = 0
With P = 0 and the tension in cord BE = 0.2 lb: Solving the resulting Equations (1), (2), and (3) using conventional methods in Linear Algebra (elimination, matrix methods or iteration with MATLAB or Maple, for example), we obtain:
TCF = 0.669 lb TDG = 0.746 lb

W = 1.603 lb
See Problem 2.111 for the Figure and the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3) below:
i : TBE cos 45 + TCF cos 30 TDG cos15 + 65 P = 0 j: TBE + TCF + TDG W
(1) (2) (3)
65 =0 8
k : TBE sin 45 + TCF sin 30 TDG sin15 = 0
With W = 1.6 lb , the range of values of P for which the cord CF is taut can found by solving Equations (1), (2), and (3) for the tension TCF as a function of P and requiring it to be positive (> 0). Solving (1), (2), and (3) with unknown P, using conventional methods in Linear Algebra (elimination, matrix methods or iteration with MATLAB or Maple, for example), we obtain:
TCF = ( 1.729P + 0.668 ) lb
Hence, for TCF > 0 or
1.729P + 0.668 > 0
P < 0.386 lb
P < 0.386 lb !
d DA = d DB = d DC =
( 400 mm )2 + ( 600 mm )2
= 721.11 mm = 650 mm = 650 mm
( 200 mm )2 + ( 600 mm )2 + (150 mm )2
( 200 mm )2 + ( 600 mm )2 + ( 150 mm )2

TDA '( 400 mm ) i ( 600 mm ) j( , 721.11 mm +
TDA = TDADA
=
= TDA ( 0.55470i 0.83205 j)
TDB = TDBDB
=
TDB ' ( 200 mm ) i ( 600 mm ) j + (150 mm ) k ( , 650 mm +
12 3 " ! 4 = TDB # i j + k$ 13 13 13 % &

TDC = TDC DC TDC =
TDC ' ( 200 mm ) i ( 600 mm ) j (150 mm ) k ( , 650 mm +
12 3 " ! 4 = TDC # i j k$ 13 13 13 % &

W = Wj
At point D F = 0: TDA + TDB + TDC + W = 0 i component: j component: k component: Setting W = (16 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 156.96 N And Solving Equations (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously:
TDA = 62.9 N ! TDB = 56.7 N ! TDC = 56.7 N ! 0.55470 TDA
0.83205 TDA
4 4 TDB TDC = 0 13 13 12 12 TDB TDC + W = 0 13 13 3 3 TDB TDC = 0 13 13
(1) (2) (3)
d DA = d DB = d DC =
( 400 mm )2 + ( 600 mm )2
= 721.11 mm = 663.32 mm = 663.32 mm
( 200 mm )2 + ( 600 mm )2 + ( 200 mm )2
( 200 mm )2 + ( 600 mm )2 + ( 200 mm )2

TDA '( 400 mm ) i ( 600 mm ) j( , 721.11 mm +
TDA = TDADA
=
= TDA ( 0.55470i 0.83205 j)
TDB = TDBDB
=
TDB ' ( 200 mm ) i ( 600 mm ) j + ( 200 mm ) k ( , 663.32 mm +
= TDB ( 0.30151i 0.90454 j + 0.30151k )
TDC = TDC DC
=
TDC ' ( 200 mm ) i ( 600 mm ) j ( 200 mm ) k ( , 663.32 mm +
= TDC ( 0.30151i 0.90454 j 0.30151k )
At point D i component: j component: k component:
F = 0: TDA + TDB + TDC + W = 0
0.55470 TDA 0.30151TDB 0.30151TDC = 0

0.83205 TDA 0.90454 TDB 0.90454 TDC + W = 0
(1) (2) (3)
0.30151TDB 0.30151TDC = 0
Setting W = (16 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 156.96 N And Solving Equations (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously:
TDA = 62.9 N ! TDB = 57.8 N ! TDC = 57.8 N !
From the solutions of 2.107 and 2.108:

TAB = 0.5409 P TAC = 0.295P TAD = 0.2959P
Using P = 8 kN:
TAB = 4.33 kN !"
" "
TAC = 2.36 kN !" TAD = 2.37 kN !"
d BA =
( 6 m )2 + ( 6 m )2 + ( 3 m )2
=9m
d AC = d AD =
d AE =
( 10.5 m )2 + ( 6 m )2 + ( 8 m )2 ( 6 m )2 + ( 6 m )2 + ( 7 m )2
( 6 m )2 + ( 4.5 m )2
= 7.5 m
= 14.5 mm
= 11 mm
FBA = FBABA =
FBA ( 6 m ) i + ( 6 m ) j + ( 3 m ) k 9m
2 1 2 = FBA i + j + k 3 3 3
TAC = TAC AC =
TAC (10.5 m ) i ( 6 m ) j ( 8 m ) k 14.5 m
12 16 21 = TAC i j k 29 29 29
TAD = TAD AD =
TAD ( 6 m ) i ( 6 m ) j + ( 7 m ) k 11 m
6 7 6 = TAD i j + k 11 11 11
WAE = WAE AE =
W ( 6 m ) i ( 4.5 m ) j 7.5 m
= W ( 0.8i 0.6 j)
WO = W j
At point A: F = 0: FBA + TAC + TAD + WAE + WO = 0 i component:
2 21 6 FBA TAC TAD + 0.8W = 0 3 29 11
(1)
continued
j component: k component:
2 12 6 FBA TAC TAD 1.6W = 0 3 29 11 1 16 7 FBA TAC + TAD = 0 3 29 11
(2)
(3)
Setting W = ( 20 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 196.2 N And Solving Equations (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously:
FBA = 1742 N
TAC = 1517 N
TAD = 403 N
Fx = 0:
TAD ( sin 30 )( sin 50 ) + TBD ( sin 30 )( cos 40 ) + TCD ( sin 30 )( cos 60 ) = 0
Dividing through by sin 30 and evaluating:

0.76604 TAD + 0.76604 TBD + 0.5 TCD = 0 Fy = 0: TAD ( cos 30 ) TBD ( cos 30 ) TCD ( cos 30 ) + 62 lb = 0
(1)
or TAD + TBD + TCD = 71.591 lb

Fz = 0:
(2)
TAD sin 30 cos 50 + TBD sin 30 sin 40 TCD sin 30 sin 60 = 0
or
0.64279 TAD + 0.64279 TBD 0.86603TCD = 0
(3)
Solving Equations (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously:

TAD = 30.5 lb ! TBD = 10.59 lb ! TCD = 30.5 lb !
From the solutions to Problems 2.111 and 2.112, have

TBE + TCF + TDG = 0.2 65
TBE sin 45 + TCF sin 30 TDG sin15 = 0
(2)
(3)
TBE cos 45 + TCF cos 30 TDG cos15 P 65 = 0 (1 )
Applying the method of elimination to obtain a desired result: Multiplying (2) by sin 45 and adding the result to (3):
TCF ( sin 45 + sin 30 ) + TDG ( sin 45 sin15 ) = 0.2 65 sin 45
or Multiplying (2) by sin 30 and subtracting (3) from the result:
TCF = 0.94455 0.37137TDG
TBE ( sin 30 + sin 45 ) + TDG ( sin 30 + sin15 ) = 0.2 65 sin 30
or Substituting (4) and (5) into (1) :
TBE = 0.66790 0.62863TDG
(5)
1.29028 1.73205TDG P 65 = 0
TDG is taut for P <
1.29028 lb 65
or 0 P 0.1600 lb !"
d AB = d AC =
( 30 ft )2 + ( 24 ft )2 + ( 32 ft )2
= 50 ft = 38 ft
( 30 ft )2 + ( 20 ft )2 + ( 12 ft )2
TAB = TAB AB =
TAB ( 30 ft ) i + ( 24 ft ) j + ( 32 ft ) k 50 ft
= TAB ( 0.6i + 0.48 j + 0.64k )

TAC = TAC AC = TAC ( 30 ft ) i + ( 20 ft ) j (12 ft ) k 38 ft
20 12 30 = TAC i + j k 38 38 38
N= 16 30 Ni + Nj 34 34
W = (175 lb ) j
At point A: F = 0: TAB + TAC + N + W = 0 i component: j component: k component:
0.6 TAB 0.48 TAB + 0.64 TAB
30 16 TAC + N=0 38 34 20 30 TAC + N 175 lb = 0 38 34
(1) (2) (3)
12 TAC = 0 38 Solving Equations (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously:

TAB = 30.9 lb TAC = 62.5 lb
Refer to the solution of problem 2.119 and the resulting linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), (3). Include force P = ( 45 lb ) k with other forces of Problem 2.119. Now at point A: F = 0: TAB + TAC + N + W + P = 0 i component: j component: k component:
0.6 TAB 0.48 TAB + 0.64 TAB
30 16 TAC + N=0 38 34 20 30 TAC + N 175 lb = 0 38 34 12 TAC 45 lb = 0 38
(1)
(2)
(3)
Solving (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously:
TAB = 81.3 lb TAC = 22.2 lb
Note: BE shares the same unit vector as AB. Thus:
BE = AB =
TBE = TBE BE = TCF = TCF CF = TDG = TDG DG =
( 25 mm ) cos 45i + ( 200 mm ) j ( 25 mm ) sin 45k

201.56 mm
TBE '( 25 mm ) cos 45i + ( 200 mm ) j ( 25 mm ) sin 45k ( , 201.56 mm + TCF '( 25 mm ) cos 30i + ( 200 mm ) j + ( 25 mm ) sin 30k ( , 201.56 mm + TDG ' ( 25 mm ) cos15i + ( 200 mm ) j ( 25 mm ) sin15k ( , 201.56 mm +
P = Pk
W = W j;
At point A: F = 0: TBE + TCE + TDG + W + P = 0 i component: j component: k component:

0.087704 TBE + 0.107415 TCF 0.119806 TDG = 0 0.99226 TBE + 0.99226 TCF + 0.99226 TDG W = 0
0.087704 TBE + 0.062016 TCF 0.032102 TDG + P = 0
(1) (2) (3)

TBE = 1.310 N ! TCF = 4.38 N ! TDG = 4.89 N !
Setting W = 10.5 N and P = 0, and solving (1), (2), (3) simultaneously:
See Problem 2.121 for the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3) below: i component: 0.087704 TBE + 0.107415 TCF 0.119806 TDG = 0 j component: 0.99226 TBE + 0.99226 TCF + 0.99226 TDG W = 0 (1) (2)
k component: 0.087704 TBE + 0.062016 TCF 0.032102 TDG + P = 0 Setting W = 10.5 N and P = 0.5 N, and solving (1), (2), (3) simultaneously:
(3)
TBE = 4.84 N ! TCF = 1.157 N ! TDG = 4.58 N !
uuu r DA = ( 8 ft ) i + ( 40 ft ) j + (10 ft ) k
DA =
( 8 ft )2 + ( 40 ft )2 + (10 ft )2
= 42 ft
TDA =
TADB ( 8 ft ) i + ( 40 ft ) j + (10 ft ) k 42 ft
= TADB ( 0.190476i + 0.95238 j + 0.23810k ) uuu r DB = ( 3 ft ) i + ( 36 ft ) j ( 8 ft ) k

DB =
TDB =
( 3 ft )2 + ( 36 ft )2 + ( 8 ft )2
= 37 ft
TADB ( 3 ft ) i + ( 36 ft ) j ( 8 ft ) k 37 ft
= TADB ( 0.081081i + 0.97297 j 0.21622k ) uuur DC = ( a 8 ft ) i ( 24 ft ) j ( 3 ft ) k

DC =
( a 8 ft )2 + ( 24 ft )2 + ( 3 ft )2
TDC
( a 8)2 + 585 ft
TDC =
At D
( a 8)2 + 585
( a 8 ft ) i ( 24 ft ) j ( 3 ft ) k
F = 0:
Fx = 0: 0.190476 TADB + 0.081081TADB + Fz = 0: 0.23810 TADB 0.21622 TADB
( a 8) TDC ( a 8)2 + 585

3
2
=0
(1)
( a 8) + 585
TDC = 0
(2)
Dividing equation (1) by equation (2) gives
( a 8) = 0.190476 0.081081
3 0.23810 + 0.21622
or a = 23 ft
Substituting into equation (1) for a = 23 ft and combining the coefficients for TADB gives:
Fx = 0: 0.109395 TADB + 0.52705 TDC = 0
(3)
continued
And writing Fy = 0 gives:
1.92535 TADB 0.84327 TDC W = 0

Substituting into equation (3) for TDC = 17 lb gives:
(4)
0.109395 TADB + 0.52705 (17 lb ) = 0

or
TADB = 81.9 lb
Substituting into equation (4) for TDC = 17 lb and TADB = 81.9 lb gives:
1.92535 ( 81.9 lb ) 0.84327 (17 lb ) W = 0

or
W = 143.4 lb
See Problem 2.123 for the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (3) and (4) below:
0.109395 TADB + 0.52705 TDC = 0
(3)
1.92535 TADB 0.84327 TDC W = 0
(4)
Substituting for W = 120 lb and solving equations (3) and (4) simultaneously yields
TADB = 68.6 lb ! TDC = 14.23 lb !
"
d AB = d AC = d AD = d AE =
( 2.7 m )2 + ( 2.4 m )2 + ( 3.6 m )2 ( 2.4 m )2 + (1.8 m )2

=3m
= 5.1 m
(1.2 m )2 + ( 2.4 m )2 + ( 0.3 m )2 ( 2.4 m )2 + ( 2.4 m )2 + (1.2 m )2
= 2.7 m = 3.6 m
TAB = TAB AB = TAB ! ( 2.7 m ) i + ( 2.4 m ) j ( 3.6 m ) k " $ 5.1 m #
8 12 & % 9 = TAB ' i + j k( 17 17 * ) 17 TAC = TAC AC = TAC !( 2.4 m ) j + (1.8 m ) k " $ 3m#
= TAC ( 0.8 j + 0.6k ) TAD = 2TADE AD =

2TADE !(1.2 m ) i + ( 2.4 m ) j ( 0.3 m ) k " $ 2.7 m #
16 2 & %8 = TADE ' i + j k(! 9 9 9 ) *

continued
TAE = TAE AE = TADE ! ( 2.4 m ) i + ( 2.4 m ) j + (1.2 m ) k " $ 3.6 m #
2 1 & % 2 = TADE ' i + j + k ( 3 3 * ) 3
W = Wj
At point A: i component: j component: k component:
F = 0:
TAB + TAC + TAD + TAE + W = 0

9 8 2 TAB + TADE TADE = 0 17 9 3
(1) (2) (3)
8 16 2 TAB + 0.8 TAC + TADE + TADE W = 0 17 9 3 12 2 1 TAB + 0.6 TAC TADE + TADE = 0 17 9 3
Simplifying (1), (2), (3):

81TAB + 34 TADE = 0 72 TAB + 122.4 TAC + 374 TADE = 153 W 108 TAB + 91.8 TAC + 17 TADE = 0 (1) (2) (3)
Setting W = 1400 N and solving (1), (2), (3) simultaneously:

TAB = 203 N " TAC = 149.6 N " TADE = 485 N "
See Problem 2.125 for the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1 ) , ( 2 ) , and ( 3 ) below: i component: j component: k component:
81 TAB + 34 TADE = 0 72 TAB + 122.4 TAC + 37.4 TADE = 153 W 108 TAB + 91.8 TAC + 17 TADE = 0
(1) ( 2) ( 3)
TAC = 221 N !
Setting TAB = 300 N and solving (1), (2), (3) simultaneously: (a)
(b) TADE = 715 N ! (c) "

W = 2060 N !
Free-Body Diagrams of collars
For both Problems 2.127 and 2.128:
( AB )2
Here or
= x2 + y 2 + z 2
2
(1 m )2
= ( 0.40 m ) + y 2 + z 2
y 2 + z 2 = 0.84 m 2
Thus, with y given, z is determined. Now

AB
!!! " AB 1 = = ( 0.40i yj + zk ) m = 0.4i yk + zk AB 1 m
Where y and z are in units of meters, m. From the F.B. Diagram of collar A:
F = 0: N x i + N zk + Pj + TAB AB = 0
Setting the j coefficient to zero gives:

P yTAB = 0
With P = 680 N,
TAB = 680 N y
Now, from the free body diagram of collar B:

F = 0: N x i + N y j + Qk TAB AB = 0
continued
Setting the k coefficient to zero gives:

Q TAB z = 0
And using the above result for TAB we have

Q = TAB z = 680 N z y
Then, from the specifications of the problem, y = 300 mm = 0.3 m

z 2 = 0.84 m 2 ( 0.3 m ) z = 0.866 m
2
and (a) or and (b) or

Q = 2266.7 ( 0.866 ) = 1963.2 N Q = 1.963 kN ! TAB = 680 N = 2266.7 N 0.30 TAB = 2.27 kN !
From the analysis of Problem 2.127, particularly the results:

y 2 + z 2 = 0.84 m 2 TAB = Q= 680 N y 680 N z y
With y = 550 mm = 0.55 m, we obtain:

z 2 = 0.84 m 2 ( 0.55 m ) z = 0.73314 m
2
and (a) or and (b) or

Q = 1236.36 ( 0.73314 ) N = 906 N Q = 0.906 kN !" TAB = 680 N = 1236.36 N 0.55 TAB = 1.236 kN !
Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines
(a)
Have:
20 lb 14 lb = sin sin 30
sin = 0.71428
= 45.6
(b)
= 180 ( 30 + 45.6 )
= 104.4
Then:
R 14 lb = sin104.4 sin 30
R = 27.1 lb
We compute the following distances:

OA = OB = OC =
( 70 )2 + ( 240 )2
= 250 mm = 290 mm = 255 mm
( 210 )2 + ( 200 )2 (120 )2 + ( 225)2
500 N Force:
! 70 " Fx = 500 N # $ % 250 & ! 240 " Fy = +500 N # $ % 250 & Fx = 140.0 N ! Fy = 480 N !
435 N Force:
! 210 " Fx = +435 N # $ % 290 & ! 200 " Fy = +435 N # $ % 290 & Fx = 315 N ! Fy = 300 N !
510 N Force:
! 120 " Fx = +510 N # $ % 255 & ! 225 " Fy = 510 N # $ % 255 & Fx = 240 N ! Fy = 450 N !
Note that the force exerted by BD on the pole is directed along BD, and the component of P along AC is 450 N. Then: (a)
P= 450 N = 549.3 N cos 35 P = 549 N !
(b)
Px = ( 450 N ) tan 35 = 315.1 N Px = 315 N !"
Free-Body Diagram
Force Triangle
Law of Sines:
TAC T 5 kN = BC = sin115 sin 5 sin 60
(a)
TAC =
TBC =
5 kN sin115 = 5.23 kN sin 60

5 kN sin 5 = 0.503 kN sin 60
TAC = 5.23 kN !" TBC = 0.503 kN !"
(b)
Free-Body Diagram
First, consider the sum of forces in the x-direction because there is only one unknown force:
Fx = 0: TACB ( cos 32 cos 42 ) ( 20 kN ) cos 42 = 0
or
0.104903TACB = 14.8629 kN TACB = 141.682 kN
(b) TACB = 141.7 kN ! Now

Fy = 0: TACB ( sin 42 sin 32 ) + ( 20 kN ) sin 42 W = 0
or
(141.682 kN )( 0.139211) + ( 20 kN )( 0.66913) W
=0
(a) W = 33.1 kN !
Free-Body Diagram: Pulley A and
Fx = 0: 2P sin 25 P cos = 0
cos = 0.8452
or
= 32.3
For
= +32.3
Fy = 0: 2P cos 25 + P sin 32.3 350 lb = 0
or P = 149.1 lb
32.3
For
= 32.3
Fy = 0: 2P cos 25 + P sin 32.3 350 lb = 0
or P = 274 lb
32.3
(a)
F =
Fx = F sin 30 sin 50 = 220.6 N (Given)" 220.6 N = 575.95 N sin30 sin50 F = 576 N !"
(b)
cos x =
Fx 220.6 = = 0.38302 F 575.95
x = 67.5 !"
Fy = F cos 30 = 498.79 N " cos y = Fy F = 498.79 = 0.86605 575.95
y = 30.0 !"
" " "
Fz = F sin 30 cos 50 " = ( 575.95 N ) sin 30 cos 50 " = 185.107 N " cos z = Fz 185.107 = = 0.32139 F 575.95
z = 108.7 !"
(a) " "
Fz = F cos z = ( 600 lb ) cos136.8 " = 437.38 lb " Fz = 437 lb !"
Then:
F 2 = Fx2 + Fy2 + Fz2
So: ( 600 lb ) = ( 200 lb ) + Fy

2 2
2 ( ) + ( 437.38 lb )2
Hence: Fy =
= 358.75 lb
( 600 lb )2 ( 200 lb )2 ( 437.38 lb )2

Fy = 359 lb !"
(b)"
" cos x =
Fx 200 = = 0.33333 F 600 cos y = Fy F = 358.75 = 0.59792 600
x = 70.5 ! y = 126.7 !"
P = ( 500 lb ) [ cos 30 sin15i + sin 30 j + cos 30 cos15k ] = ( 500 lb ) [ 0.2241i + 0.50 j + 0.8365k ] = (112.05 lb ) i + ( 250 lb ) j + ( 418.25 lb ) k Q = ( 600 lb ) [ cos 40 cos 20i + sin 40 j cos 40 sin 20k ] = ( 600 lb ) [ 0.71985i + 0.64278 j 0.26201k ] = ( 431.91 lb ) i + ( 385.67 lb ) j (157.206 lb ) k R = P + Q = ( 319.86 lb ) i + ( 635.67 lb ) j + ( 261.04 lb ) k R=
( 319.86 lb )2 + ( 635.67 lb )2 + ( 261.04 lb )2

R = 758 lb ! cos x = Rx 319.86 lb = = 0.42199 R 757.98 lb
= 757.98 lb
x = 65.0 !"
cos y = Ry R = 635.67 lb = 0.83864 757.98 lb
y = 33.0 !"
cos z = Rz 261.04 lb = = 0.34439 R 757.98 lb
z = 69.9 !"
The forces applied at A are:
TAB , TAC , TAD and P

where P = Pj . To express the other forces in terms of the unit vectors i, j, k, we write uuu r AB = ( 0.72 m ) i + (1.2 m ) j ( 0.54 m ) k, AB = 1.5 m uuur AC = (1.2 m ) j + ( 0.64 m ) k, AC = 1.36 m uuur AD = ( 0.8 m ) i + (1.2 m ) j ( 0.54 m ) k, AD = 1.54 m uuu r AB TAB = TAB AB = TAB = ( 0.48i + 0.8j 0.36k ) TAB and AB uuur AC TAC = TAC AC = TAC = ( 0.88235j + 0.47059k ) TAC AC uuur AD TAD = TAD AD = TAD = ( 0.51948i + 0.77922 j 0.35065k ) TAD AD Equilibrium Condition with W = Wj
F = 0: TAB + TAC + TAD Wj = 0

Substituting the expressions obtained for TAB , TAC , and TAD and factoring i, j, and k:
( 0.48TAB + 0.51948TAD ) i + ( 0.8TAB + 0.88235TAC

Equating to zero the coefficients of i, j, k:
+ 0.77922TAD W ) j
+ ( 0.36TAB + 0.47059TAC 0.35065TAD ) k = 0 0.48TAB + 0.51948TAD = 0 0.8TAB + 0.88235TAC + 0.77922TAD W = 0 0.36TAB + 0.47059TAC 0.35065TAD = 0
Substituting TAB = 3 kN in Equations (1), (2) and (3) and solving the resulting set of equations, using conventional algorithms for solving linear algebraic equations, gives
TAC = 4.3605 kN TAD = 2.7720 kN

W = 8.41 kN
The (vector) force in each cable can be written as the product of the (scalar) force and the unit vector along the cable. That is, with !!! " AB = ( 32 in.) i ( 48 in.) j + ( 36 in.) k !
AB =
( 32 in.)2 + ( 48 in.)2 + ( 36 in.)2
= 68 in.
TAB = T AB = TAB
!!! " AB T = AB ! ( 32 in.) i ( 48 in.) j + ( 36 in.) k " $ 68 in. # AB
TAB = TAB ( 0.47059i 0.70588 j + 0.52941k )
and
AC =
!!!" AC = ( 45 in.) i ( 48 in.) j + ( 36 in.) k
( 45 in.)2 + ( 48 in.)2 + ( 36 in.)2
= 75 in.
TAC = T AC = TAC
!!!" AC T = AC ! ( 45 in.) i ( 48 in.) j + ( 36 in.) k " $ 75 in. # AC
TAC = TAC ( 0.60i 0.64 j + 0.48k )
Finally,
AD =
!!!" AD = ( 25 in.) i ( 48 in.) j ( 36 in.) k
( 25 in.)2 + ( 48 in.)2 + ( 36 in.)2
= 65 in.
continued
TAD = T AD = TAD
!!!" AD T = AD ! ( 25 in.) i ( 48 in.) j ( 36 in.) k " $ 65 in. # AD
TAD = TAD ( 0.38461i 0.73846 j 0.55385k )
With W = Wj, at A we have:

F = 0: TAB + TAC + TAD + Wj = 0
Equating the factors of i, j, and k to zero, we obtain the linear algebraic equations:
i : 0.47059TAB + 0.60TAC 0.38461TAD = 0 j: 0.70588TAB 0.64TAC 0.73846TAD + W = 0 k : 0.52941TAB + 0.48TAC 0.55385TAD = 0
(1) (2) (3)
In Equations (1), (2) and (3), set TAD = 120 lb, and, using conventional methods for solving Linear Algebraic Equations (MATLAB or Maple, for example), we obtain:
TAB = 32.6 lb TAC = 102.5 lb
W = 177.2 lb "
The (vector) force in each cable can be written as the product of the (scalar) force and the unit vector along the cable. That is, with !!! " AB = ( 0.48 m ) i + ( 0.72 m ) j ( 0.16 m ) k
AB =
( 0.48 m )2 + ( 0.72 m )2 + ( 0.16 m )2
= 0.88 m
TAB = T AB = TAB
!!! " AB TAB ! ( 0.48 m ) i + ( 0.72 m ) j ( 0.16 m ) k " = $ AB 0.88 m #
TAB = TAB ( 0.54545i + 0.81818 j 0.181818k )
and
!!!" AC = ( 0.24 m ) i + ( 0.72 m ) j ( 0.13 m ) k
AC =
( 0.24 m )2 + ( 0.72 m )2 ( 0.13 m )2
= 0.77 m
TAC = T AC = TAC
!!!" AC TAC !( 0.24 m ) i + ( 0.72 m ) j ( 0.13 m ) k " = $ AC 0.77 m #
TAC = TAC ( 0.31169i + 0.93506 j 0.16883k )
At A:
F = 0: TAB + TAC + P + Q + W = 0
Noting that TAB = TAC because of the ring A, we equate the factors of i, j, and k to zero to obtain the linear algebraic equations:
i:
( 0.54545 + 0.31169 ) T
or
+P=0
P = 0.23376T
j:
( 0.81818 + 0.93506 ) T
W = 0
continued
or
k:
W = 1.75324T
( 0.181818 0.16883) T
+Q =0
or With W = 1200 N:
T =
Q = 0.35065T
1200 N = 684.45 N 1.75324 P = 160.0 N ! Q = 240 N !

Chapter 2, Solution 1.: COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

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Chapter 2, Solution 1.: COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

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COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Parallelogram law: We measure:

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines (a)

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines (a)

+ 45 + 25.104 = 180 = 109.896

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Using the Law of Sines,

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

By trigonometry: Law of Sines

or (a) F2 = 26.9 lb ! (b) R = 18.75 lb !" "

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Using the Law of Sines

or (a) F1 = 22.3 lb ! (b) R = 13.95 lb ! "

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 2, Solution 10.

Using the Law of Sines:

60 N 80 N = sin sin10 or = 7.4832

= 180 (10 + 7.4832 )

" " "

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 2, Solution 11.

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines Have:

P R 80 lb = = sin 35 sin120 sin 25

or (a) P = 108.6 lb ! (b) R = 163.9 lb !" "

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 2, Solution 12.

or R = 118.4 lb !" "

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 2, Solution 13.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 2, Solution 14.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 2, Solution 15.

R 2 = (15 lb ) + ( 25 lb ) 2 (15 lb )( 25 lb ) cos135

25 lb 37.153 lb = sin sin135

! 25 lb " sin = # $ sin135 % 37.153 lb &

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 2, Solution 16.

Using the Law of Cosines and the Law of Sines,

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 2, Solution 17.

Using the Law of Sines:

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 2, Solution 19.

! 20 kN " sin = # $ sin110 % 41.357 kN & = 0.45443

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 2, Solution 19.

! 20 kN " sin = # $ sin110 % 41.357 kN &

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 2, Solution 20.

! 30 kN " sin = # $ sin110 % 41.357 kN &

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 2, Solution 21.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 2, Solution 22.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 2, Solution 23.

Determine the following distances: