Vdocument - in Solucionario de Resistencia de Materiales

PROBLEM 2.1
Two forces are applied to an eye bolt fastened to a beam. Determine

graphically the magnitude and direction of their resultant using ( a) the
parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.
SOLUTION
(a)
(b)
We measure: R = 8.4 kN
α = 19°
R = 8.4 kN 19° 
1

PROBLEM 2.2
The cable stays AB and AD help support pole AC . Knowing that the
tension is 500 N in AB and 160 N in AD, determine graphically the
magnitude and direction of the resultant of the forces exerted by the stays
at A using (a) the parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.
SOLUTION
We measure: α = 51.3°, β = 59°

(a)
(b)
We measure: R = 575 N, α = 67°
R = 575 N 67° 
2

PROBLEM 2.3
Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at point A of a hook support.
Knowing that P = 15 lb and Q = 25 lb, determine graphically the
magnitude and direction of their resultant using (a) the parallelogram law,
(b) the triangle rule.
SOLUTION
(a)
(b)
We measure: R = 37 lb, α = 76°
R = 37 lb 76° 
3

PROBLEM 2.4
Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at point A of a hook support.
Knowing that P = 45 lb and Q = 15 lb, determine graphically the
magnitude and direction of their resultant using (a) the parallelogram law,
(b) the triangle rule.
SOLUTION
(a)
(b)
We measure: R = 61.5 lb, α = 86.5°
R = 61.5 lb 86.5° 
4

PROBLEM 2.5
Two control rods are attached at A to lever AB. Using trigonometry and
knowing that the force in the left-hand rod is F 1 = 120 N, determine
(a) the required force F 2 in the right-hand rod if the resultant R of the
forces exerted by the rods on the lever is to be vertical, ( b) the
corresponding magnitude of R .
SOLUTION
Graphically, by the triangle law
We measure: F 2 ≅ 108 N
R ≅ 77 N
By trigonometry: Law of Sines
F2 R 120
= =
sin α sin 38° sin β
α = 90° − 28° = 62°, β = 180° − 62° − 38° = 80°
Then:
F2 R 120 N
= =
sin 62° sin 38° sin 80°
or (a) F 2 = 107.6 N 
(b) R = 75.0 N 
5

PROBLEM 2.6
Two control rods are attached at A to lever AB. Using trigonometry and
knowing that the force in the right-hand rod is F 2 = 80 N, determine
(a) the required force F 1 in the left-hand rod if the resultant R of the
forces exerted by the rods on the lever is to be vertical, ( b) the
SOLUTION
Using the Law of Sines
F1 R 80
= =
sin α sin 38° sin β
α = 90° − 10° = 80°, β = 180° − 80° − 38° = 62°
Then:
F1 R 80 N
= =
sin 80° sin 38° sin 62°
or (a) F 1 = 89.2 N 
(b) R = 55.8 N 
6

PROBLEM 2.7
The 50-lb force is to be resolved into components along lines a-a ′ and
b-b′. (a) Using trigonometry, determine the angle α knowing that the
component along a-a ′ is 35 lb. (b) What is the corresponding value of
the component along b-b′ ?
SOLUTION
Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines
sin β 40°
sin
(a) =
35 lb 50 lb
sin β = 0.44995
β = 26.74°
Then: α + β + 40° = 180°
α = 113.3° 
(b) Using the Law of Sines:
F bb′ 50 lb
=
sin α sin 40°
F bb ′ = 71.5 lb 
7

PROBLEM 2.8
The 50-lb force is to be resolved into components along lines a-a ′ and
b-b′. (a) Using trigonometry, determine the angle α knowing that the
component along b-b′ is 30 lb. (b) What is the corresponding value of
the component along a-a ′ ?
SOLUTION
sin α 40°
sin
(a) =
30 lb 50 lb
sin α = 0.3857
α = 22.7° 
(b) α + β + 40° = 180°
β = 117.31°
F aa′ 50 lb
=
sin β sin 40°
 sin β 
F aa′ = 50 lb  
 sin 40° 
F aa ′ = 69.1lb 
8

PROBLEM 2.9
To steady a sign as it is being lowered, two cables are attached to the sign
at A. Using trigonometry and knowing that α = 25°, determine (a) the
required magnitude of the force P if the resultant R of the two forces
applied at A is to be vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R .
SOLUTION
Have: α = 180° − ( 35° + 25° )
= 120°
P R 360 N
Then: = =
sin 35° sin120° sin 25°
or (a) P = 489 N 
(b) R = 738 N 
9

PROBLEM 2.10
To steady a sign as it is being lowered, two cables are attached to the sign
at A. Using trigonometry and knowing that the magnitude of P is 300 N,
determine (a) the required angle α if the resultant R of the two forces
applied at A is to be vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R .
SOLUTION
360 N 300 N
(a) Have: =
sin α sin 35°
sin α = 0.68829
α = 43.5° 
(b) β = 180 − ( 35° + 43.5° )
= 101.5°
R 300 N
Then: =
sin101.5° sin 35°
or R = 513 N 
10

PROBLEM 2.11
Two forces are applied as shown to a hook support. Using trigonometry

and knowing that the magnitude of P is 14 lb, determine (a) the required
angle α if the resultant R of the two forces applied to the support is to be
horizontal, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R .
SOLUTION
20 lb 14 lb
(a) Have: =
sin α sin 30°
sin α = 0.71428
α = 45.6° 
(b) β = 180° − ( 30° + 45.6° )
= 104.4°
R 14 lb
Then: =
sin104.4° sin 30°
R = 27.1 lb 
11

PROBLEM 2.12
For the hook support of Problem 2.3, using trigonometry and knowing
that the magnitude of P is 25 lb, determine (a) the required magnitude of
the force Q if the resultant R of the two forces applied at A is to be
vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R .
Problem 2.3: Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at point A of a
hook support. Knowing that P = 15 lb and Q = 25 lb, determine
SOLUTION
Q 25 lb
(a) Have: =
sin15° sin 30°
Q = 12.94 lb 
(b) β = 180° − (15° + 30° )
= 135°
R 25 lb
Thus: =
sin135° sin 30°
 sin135° 
R = 25 lb   = 35.36 lb
 sin30° 
R = 35.4 lb 
12

PROBLEM 2.13
For the hook support of Problem 2.11, determine, using trigonometry,

(a) the magnitude and direction of the smallest force P for which the
resultant R of the two forces applied to the support is horizontal,
(b) the corresponding magnitude of R .
Problem 2.11: Two forces are applied as shown to a hook support. Using
trigonometry and knowing that the magnitude of P is 14 lb, determine
(a) the required angle α if the resultant R of the two forces applied to the
support is to be horizontal, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R .
SOLUTION
(a) The smallest force P will be perpendicular to R , that is, vertical
P = ( 20 lb ) sin30°
= 10 lb P = 10 lb 
(b) R = ( 20 lb ) cos30°
= 17.32 lb R = 17.32 lb 
13

PROBLEM 2.14
As shown in Figure P2.9, two cables are attached to a sign at A to steady
the sign as it is being lowered. Using trigonometry, determine ( a) the
magnitude and direction of the smallest force P for which the resultant R
of the two forces applied at A is vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude
of R .
SOLUTION
We observe that force P is minimum when α is 90°, that is, P is horizontal
Then: (a) P = ( 360 N) sin35°
or P = 206 N 
And: (b) R = ( 360 N ) cos35°
or R = 295 N 
14

PROBLEM 2.15
For the hook support of Problem 2.11, determine, using trigonometry, the
magnitude and direction of the resultant of the two forces applied to the
support knowing that P = 10 lb and α = 40°.
Problem 2.11: Two forces are applied as shown to a hook support. Using
trigonometry and knowing that the magnitude of P is 14 lb, determine
(a) the required angle α if the resultant R of the two forces applied to the
support is to be horizontal, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R .
SOLUTION
Using the force triangle and the Law of Cosines
2 2
R 2 = (10 lb ) + ( 20 lb ) − 2 (10 lb )( 20 lb ) cos110°
= 100 + 400 − 400 ( −0.342 ) lb 2
= 636.8 lb 2
R = 25.23 lb
Using now the Law of Sines
10 lb 25.23 lb
=
sin β sin110°
 10 lb 
sin β =   sin110°
 25.23 lb 
= 0.3724
So: β = 21.87°
Angle of inclination of R, φ is then such that:
φ + β = 30°
φ = 8.13°
Hence: R = 25.2 lb 8.13° 
15

PROBLEM 2.16
Solve Problem 2.1 using trigonometry

Problem 2.1: Two forces are applied to an eye bolt fastened to a beam.
Determine graphically the magnitude and direction of their resultant
using (a) the parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.
SOLUTION
Using the force triangle, the Law of Cosines and the Law of Sines
We have: α = 180° − ( 50° + 25° )
= 105°
2 2
Then: R 2 = ( 4.5 kN ) + ( 6 kN ) − 2 ( 4.5 kN )( 6 kN ) cos105°
= 70.226 kN2
or R = 8.3801 kN
8.3801 kN 6 kN
Now: =
sin105° sin β
 6 kN 
sin β =   sin105°
 8.3801 kN 
= 0.6916
β = 43.756°
R = 8.38 kN 18.76° 
16

PROBLEM 2.17

Problem 2.2: The cable stays AB and AD help support pole AC . Knowing
that the tension is 500 N in AB and 160 N in AD, determine graphically
the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the forces exerted by the
stays at A using (a) the parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.
SOLUTION
From the geometry of the problem:
2
α = tan −1 = 38.66°
2.5
1.5
β = tan −1 = 30.96°
2.5
Now: θ = 180° − ( 38.66 + 30.96° ) = 110.38

And, using the Law of Cosines:
2 2
R 2 = ( 500 N ) + (160 N ) − 2 ( 500 N )(160 N ) cos110.38°
= 331319 N 2
R = 575.6 N
Using the Law of Sines:
160 N 575.6 N
=
sin γ sin110.38°
 160 N 
sin γ =   sin110.38°
 575.6 N 
= 0.2606
γ = 15.1°
φ = ( 90° − α ) + γ = 66.44°
R = 576 N 66.4°
17

PROBLEM 2.18

Problem 2.3: Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at point A of a
hook support. Knowing that P = 15 lb and Q = 25 lb, determine
SOLUTION
Using the force triangle and the Laws of Cosines and Sines
We have:
γ = 180° − (15° + 30° )
= 135°
2 2
Then: R 2 = (15 lb ) + ( 25 lb ) − 2 (15 lb )( 25 lb ) cos135°
= 1380.3 lb 2
or R = 37.15 lb
and
25 lb 37.15 lb
=
sin β sin135°
 25 lb 
sin β =   sin135°
 37.15 lb 
= 0.4758
β = 28.41°
Then: α + β + 75° = 180°
α = 76.59°
R = 37.2 lb 76.6°
18

PROBLEM 2.19
Two structural members A and B are bolted to a bracket as shown.
Knowing that both members are in compression and that the force is
30 kN in member A and 20 kN in member B, determine, using
trigonometry, the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the forces
applied to the bracket by members A and B.
SOLUTION
We have: γ = 180° − ( 45° + 25° ) = 110°
2 2
Then: R 2 = ( 30 kN ) + ( 20 kN ) − 2 (30 kN )( 20 kN ) cos110°
= 1710.4 kN2
R = 41.357 kN
and
20 kN 41.357 kN
=
sin α sin110°
 20 kN 
sin α =   sin110°
 41.357 kN 
= 0.4544
α = 27.028°
Hence: φ = α + 45° = 72.028°
R = 41.4 kN 72.0°
19

PROBLEM 2.20
Two structural members A and B are bolted to a bracket as shown.
Knowing that both members are in compression and that the force is
20 kN in member A and 30 kN in member B, determine, using
trigonometry, the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the forces
applied to the bracket by members A and B.
SOLUTION
We have: γ = 180° − ( 45° + 25° ) = 110°
2 2
Then: R 2 = ( 30 kN ) + ( 20 kN ) − 2 (30 kN )( 20 kN ) cos110°
= 1710.4 kN2
R = 41.357 kN
and
30 kN 41.357 kN
=
sin α sin110°
 30 kN 
sin α =   sin110°
 41.357 kN 
= 0.6816
α = 42.97°
Finally: φ = α + 45 ° = 87.97°
R = 41.4 kN 88.0°
20

PROBLEM 2.21
Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.
SOLUTION
20 kN Force:
x = + ( 20 kN ) cos 40°,

F x = 15.32 kN 
F
y = + ( 20 kN ) sin 40°,

F y = 12.86 kN 
F
30 kN Force:
x = − ( 30 kN ) cos 70°,

F x = −10.26 kN 
F
y = + ( 30 kN ) sin 70°,

F y = 28.2 kN 
F
42 kN Force:
x = − ( 42 kN ) cos 20°,

F x = −39.5 kN 
F
y = + ( 42 kN ) sin 20°,

F y = 14.36 kN 
F
21

PROBLEM 2.22
SOLUTION
40 lb Force:
x = − ( 40 lb ) sin 50°,
F x = −30.6 lb 
F
y = − ( 40 lb ) cos 50°,

F y = −25.7 lb 
F
60 lb Force:
x = + ( 60 lb ) cos 60°,

F x = 30.0 lb 
F
y = − ( 60 lb ) sin 60°,

F y = −52.0 lb 
F
80 lb Force:
x = + ( 80 lb ) cos 25°,

F x = 72.5 lb 
F
y = + ( 80 lb ) sin 25°,

F y = 33.8 lb 
F
22

PROBLEM 2.23
SOLUTION
We compute the following distances:
2 2
OA = ( 48) + ( 90 ) = 102 in.
2 2
OB = ( 56 ) + ( 90 ) = 106 in.
2 2
OC = (80 ) + ( 60 ) = 100 in.
Then:
204 lb Force:
48
x = − (102 lb )
F , x = −48.0 lb 
F
102
90
y = + (102 lb )
F , y = 90.0 lb 
F
102
212 lb Force:
56
x = + ( 212 lb )
F , x = 112.0 lb 
F
106
90
y = + ( 212 lb )
F , y = 180.0 lb 
F
106
400 lb Force:
80
x = − ( 400 lb )
F , x = −320 lb 
F
100
60
y = − ( 400 lb )
F , y = −240 lb 
F
100
23

PROBLEM 2.24
SOLUTION
We compute the following distances:
2 2
OA = ( 70 ) + ( 240 ) = 250 mm
2 2
OB = ( 210) + ( 200) = 290 mm
2 2
OC = (120 ) + ( 225) = 255 mm
500 N Force:
 70 
x = −500 N 
F  x = −140.0 N 
F
 250 
 240 
y = +500 N 
F  y = 480 N 
F
 250 
435 N Force:
 210 
x = +435 N 
F  x = 315 N 
F
 290 
 200 
y = +435 N 
F  y = 300 N 
F
 290 
510 N Force:
 120 
x = +510 N 
F  x = 240 N 
F
 255 
 225 
y = −510 N 
F  y = −450 N 
F
 255 
24

PROBLEM 2.25
While emptying a wheelbarrow, a gardener exerts on each handle AB a

force P directed along line CD. Knowing that P must have a 135-N
horizontal component, determine (a) the magnitude of the force P, (b) its
vertical component.
SOLUTION
P
(a) P = x

cos40°
135 N
=
cos40°
or P = 176.2 N 
(b) P y = Px tan 40° = P sin 40°
= (135 N ) tan 40°
y = 113.3 N 
or P
25

PROBLEM 2.26
Member BD exerts on member ABC a force P directed along line BD.
Knowing that P must have a 960-N vertical component, determine (a) the
magnitude of the force P, (b) its horizontal component.
SOLUTION
P y
(a) P =
sin35°
960 N
=
sin35°
or P = 1674 N 
P y
(b) P x =
tan35°
960 N
=
tan35°
or P x = 1371 N 
26

PROBLEM 2.27
Member CB of the vise shown exerts on block B a force P directed along
line CB. Knowing that P must have a 260-lb horizontal component,
determine (a) the magnitude of the force P, (b) its vertical component.
SOLUTION
We note:
CB exerts force P on B along CB, and the horizontal component of P is P x = 260 lb.
Then:
(a) P x = P sin50°
P x
P =
sin50°
260 lb
=
sin50°
= 339.4 lb P = 339 lb 
(b) P x = P y tan50°
P x
P y =
tan 50°
260 lb
=
tan50°
= 218.2 lb P y = 218 lb 
27

PROBLEM 2.28
Activator rod AB exerts on crank BCD a force P directed along line AB.
Knowing that P must have a 25-lb component perpendicular to arm BC of
the crank, determine (a) the magnitude of the force P, (b) its component
along line BC .
SOLUTION
Using the x and y axes shown.
(a) P y = 25 lb
P y
Then: P =
sin75°
25 lb
=
sin75°
or P = 25.9 lb 
P y
(b) P x =
tan75°
25 lb
=
tan 75°
or P x = 6.70 lb 
28

PROBLEM 2.29
The guy wire BD exerts on the telephone pole AC a force P directed
along BD. Knowing that P has a 450-N component along line AC ,
determine (a) the magnitude of the force P, (b) its component in a
direction perpendicular to AC .
SOLUTION
Note that the force exerted by BD on the pole is directed along BD, and the component of P along AC
is 450 N.
Then:
450 N
(a) P = = 549.3 N
cos35°
P = 549 N 
(b) P x = ( 450 N ) tan 35°
= 315.1 N
P x = 315 N 
29

PROBLEM 2.30
The guy wire BD exerts on the telephone pole AC a force P directed
along BD. Knowing that P has a 200-N perpendicular to the pole AC ,
determine (a) the magnitude of the force P, (b) its component along
line AC .
SOLUTION
P x
(a) P =
sin38°
200 N
=
sin38°
= 324.8 N or P = 325 N 
P x
(b) P y =
tan38°
200 N
=
tan38°
= 255.98 N
or P y = 256 N 
30

PROBLEM 2.31
Determine the resultant of the three forces of Problem 2.24.

Problem 2.24: Determine the x and y components of each of the forces
shown.
SOLUTION
From Problem 2.24:
F500 = − (140 N ) i + ( 480 N ) j

F425 = ( 315 N ) i + ( 300 N ) j
F510 = ( 240 N ) i − ( 450 N ) j
R = ΣF = ( 415 N ) i + ( 330 N ) j
Then:
330
α =

tan −1 = 38.5°
415
2 2
R = ( 415 N ) + ( 330 N ) = 530.2 N
Thus: R = 530 N 38.5° 
31

PROBLEM 2.32

shown.
SOLUTION
From Problem 2.21:
F20 = (15.32 kN ) i + (12.86 kN ) j

F30 = − (10.26 kN ) i + ( 28.2 kN ) j
F42 = − ( 39.5 kN ) i + (14.36 kN ) j
R = ΣF = − ( 34.44 kN ) i + ( 55.42 kN ) j
Then:
55.42
α =

tan −1 = 58.1°
−34.44
2 2
R = ( 55.42 kN ) + ( −34.44 N ) = 65.2 kN
R = 65.2 kN 58.2° 
32

PROBLEM 2.33

shown.
SOLUTION
The components of the forces were determined in 2.23.
Force x comp. (lb) y comp. (lb)
40 lb −30.6
−25.7

60 lb 30 −51.96
80 lb 72.5 33.8
R x = 71.9 R y = −43.86
R = R x i + Ry j
= ( 71.9 lb ) i − ( 43.86 lb ) j
43.86
tan α =
71.9
α = 31.38°
2 2
R = ( 71.9 lb ) + ( −43.86 lb )
= 84.23 lb
R = 84.2 lb 31.4° 
33

PROBLEM 2.34

shown.
SOLUTION
The components of the forces were

determined in Problem 2.23.
F204 = − ( 48.0 lb ) i + ( 90.0 lb ) j
F212 = (112.0 lb ) i + (180.0 lb ) j
F400 = − ( 320 lb ) i − ( 240 lb ) j
Thus
R = R x + R y
R = − ( 256 lb ) i + ( 30.0 lb ) j
Now:
30.0
tan α =
256
30.0
α =

tan −1 = 6.68°
256
and
2 2
R = ( −256 lb ) + ( 30.0 lb )
= 257.75 lb
R = 258 lb 6.68°
34

PROBLEM 2.35
Knowing that α = 35°, determine the resultant of the three forces

shown.
SOLUTION
300-N Force:
F
x = ( 300 N ) cos 20° = 281.9 N
F
y = ( 300 N ) sin 20° = 102.6 N
400-N Force:
F
x = ( 400 N ) cos 55° = 229.4 N
F
y = ( 400 N ) sin 55° = 327.7 N
600-N Force:
F
x = ( 600 N ) cos 35° = 491.5 N
F
y = − ( 600 N ) sin 35° = −344.1 N
and
R x = ΣF x = 1002.8 N
R y = ΣF y = 86.2 N
2 2
R = (1002.8 N ) + ( 86.2 N ) = 1006.5 N
Further:
86.2
tan α =
1002.8
86.2
α =

tan −1 = 4.91°
1002.8
R = 1007 N 4.91°
35

PROBLEM 2.36

shown.
SOLUTION
300-N Force:
F
x = ( 300 N ) cos 20° = 281.9 N
F
y = ( 300 N ) sin 20° = 102.6 N
400-N Force:
F
x = ( 400 N ) cos85° = 34.9 N
F
y = ( 400 N ) sin 85° = 398.5 N
600-N Force:
F
x = ( 600 N ) cos 5° = 597.7 N
F
y = − ( 600 N ) sin 5° = −52.3 N
and
R x = ΣF x = 914.5 N
R y = ΣF y = 448.8 N
2 2
R = ( 914.5 N ) + ( 448.8 N ) = 1018.7 N
Further:
448.8
tan α =
914.5
448.8
α =

tan −1 = 26.1°
914.5
R = 1019 N 26.1°
36

PROBLEM 2.37
Knowing that the tension in cable BC is 145 lb, determine the resultant of
the three forces exerted at point B of beam AB.
SOLUTION
Cable BC Force:
84
F
x = − (145 lb ) = − 105 lb
116
80
F
y = (145 lb ) = 100 lb
116
100-lb Force:
3
F
x = − (100 lb ) = − 60 lb
5
4
F
y = − (100 lb ) = −80 lb
5
156-lb Force:
12
F
x = (156 lb ) = 144 lb
13
5
F
y = − (156 lb ) = −60 lb
13
and
R x = ΣFx = −21 lb, Ry = ΣF y = − 40 lb
2 2
R = ( −21 lb ) + ( −40 lb ) = 45.177 lb
Further:
40
tan α =
21
40
α =

tan −1 = 62.3°
21
Thus: R = 45.2 lb 62.3°
37

PROBLEM 2.38

shown.
SOLUTION
The resultant force R has the x- and y-components:
R x = ΣF x = (140 lb ) cos 50° + ( 60 lb ) cos85° − (160 lb ) cos 50°
R x = −7.6264 lb
and
R y = ΣF y = (140 lb ) sin 50° + ( 60 lb ) sin 85° + (160 lb ) sin 50°
R y = 289.59 lb
Further:
290
tan α =
7.6
290
α = tan −1 = 88.5°
7.6
Thus: R = 290 lb 88.5°
38

PROBLEM 2.39
Determine (a) the required value of α if the resultant of the three forces
shown is to be vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude of the resultant.
SOLUTION
For an arbitrary angle α , we have:
R x = ΣF x = (140 lb ) cos α + ( 60 lb ) cos (α + 35° ) − (160 lb ) cos α
(a) So, for R to be vertical:

R x = ΣF x = (140 lb ) cos α + ( 60 lb ) cos (α + 35° ) − (160 lb ) cos α = 0
Expanding,
− cos α + 3 (cos α cos 35° − sin α sin 35° ) = 0
Then:
cos35° − 1
tan α = 3

sin35°
or
 cos35° − 13 
= tan −1 
α
 sin35°  = 40.265° α = 40.3°
 
(b) Now:
R = R y = ΣF y = (140 lb ) sin 40.265° + ( 60 lb ) sin 75.265° + (160 lb ) sin 40.265°
R = R = 252
lb
39

PROBLEM 2.40
For the beam of Problem 2.37, determine (a) the required tension in cable
BC if the resultant of the three forces exerted at point B is to be vertical,
(b) the corresponding magnitude of the resultant.
Problem 2.37: Knowing that the tension in cable BC is 145 lb, determine
the resultant of the three forces exerted at point B of beam AB.
SOLUTION
We have:
84 12 3
R x = ΣFx = − T BC + (156 lb ) − (100 lb )
116 13 5
or R x = −0.724T BC + 84 lb
and
80 5 4
R y = ΣFy = T BC − (156 lb ) − (100 lb )
116 13 5
R y = 0.6897T BC − 140 lb
(a) So, for R to be vertical,
R x = −0.724T BC + 84 lb = 0
T = 116.0
BC lb
(b) Using
T = 116.0 lb
BC
R = R y = 0.6897 (116.0 lb ) − 140 lb = −60 lb
R = R = 60.0
lb
40

PROBLEM 2.41
Boom AB is held in the position shown by three cables. Knowing that the
tensions in cables AC and AD are 4 kN and 5.2 kN, respectively,
determine (a) the tension in cable AE if the resultant of the tensions
exerted at point A of the boom must be directed along AB,
(b) the corresponding magnitude of the resultant.
SOLUTION
Choose x-axis along bar AB.
Then
(a) Require
R y = ΣFy = 0: ( 4 kN ) cos 25° + ( 5.2 kN ) sin 35° − T AE sin 65° = 0
or T AE = 7.2909 kN
T AE = 7.29 kN 
(b) R = ΣF x
= − ( 4 kN ) sin 25° − ( 5.2 kN ) cos 35° − ( 7.2909 kN ) cos 65°
= −9.03 kN
R = 9.03 kN 
41

PROBLEM 2.42
For the block of Problems 2.35 and 2.36, determine (a) the required value
of α of the resultant of the three forces shown is to be parallel to the
incline, (b) the corresponding magnitude of the resultant.
Problem 2.35: Knowing that α = 35°, determine the resultant of the
three forces shown.
Problem 2.36: Knowing that α = 65°, determine the resultant of the
three forces shown.
SOLUTION
Selecting the x axis along aa′, we write
R x = ΣF x = 300 N + ( 400 N ) cos α + ( 600 N ) sin α (1)
R y = ΣF y = ( 400

N ) sin α − ( 600 N ) cos α (2)
(a) Setting R y = 0 in Equation (2):
600
Thus tan α = = 1.5
400
α = 56.3° 
(b) Substituting for α in Equation (1):
R x = 300 N + ( 400 N ) cos 56.3° + ( 600 N ) sin 56.3°
R x = 1021.1 N
R = R x = 1021 N 
42

PROBLEM 2.43
Two cables are tied together at C and are loaded as shown. Determine the
tension (a) in cable AC , (b) in cable BC.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram
From the geometry, we calculate the distances:
2 2
AC = (16 in.) + (12 in.) = 20 in.
2 2
BC = ( 20 in.) + ( 21 in.) = 29 in.
Then, from the Free Body Diagram of point C :

16 21
Σ F x = 0: − TAC + T BC = 0
20 29
29 4
or T BC = × T AC
21 5
12 20
and Σ F y = 0: TAC + T BC − 600 lb = 0
20 29
12 20  29 4 
or T AC +  × T AC  − 600 lb = 0
20 29  21 5 
Hence: T AC = 440.56 lb
(a) T AC = 441 lb 

(b) T BC = 487 lb 
43

PROBLEM 2.44
Knowing that α = 25°, determine the tension (a) in cable AC , (b) in
rope BC .
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram Force Triangle
Law of Sines:
T AC T BC 5 kN
= =
sin115° sin 5° sin 60°
5 kN
(a) T AC = sin115° = 5.23 kN T AC = 5.23 kN 
sin60°
5 kN
(b) T
BC = sin 5° = 0.503 kN T
BC = 0.503 kN 
sin60°
44

PROBLEM 2.45
Knowing that α = 50° and that boom AC exerts on pin C a force
directed long line AC , determine (a) the magnitude of that force, (b) the
tension in cable BC .
SOLUTION
Law of Sines:
F AC T BC 400 lb

= =
sin 25° sin 60° sin 95°
400 lb
(a) F
AC = sin 25° = 169.69 lb F
AC = 169.7 lb 
sin95°
400
(b) T
BC = sin 60° = 347.73 lb T
BC = 348 lb 
sin95°
45

PROBLEM 2.46
Two cables are tied together at C and are loaded as shown. Knowing that
α = 30°, determine the tension (a) in cable AC , (b) in cable BC .
SOLUTION
Law of Sines:
T AC T BC 2943 N

= =
sin 60° sin 55° sin 65°
2943 N
(a) T AC = sin 60° = 2812.19 N T AC = 2.81 kN 
sin 65°
2943 N
(b) T
BC = sin 55° = 2659.98 N T
BC = 2.66 kN 
sin65°
46

PROBLEM 2.47
A chairlift has been stopped in the position shown. Knowing that each
chair weighs 300 N and that the skier in chair E weighs 890 N, determine
that weight of the skier in chair F .
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram Point B In the free-body diagram of point B, the geometry gives:
9.9
θ AB =

tan −1 = 30.51°
16.8
12
θ BC =

tan −1 = 22.61°
28.8
Thus, in the force triangle, by the Law of Sines:

Force Triangle
T
BC 1190 N
=
sin 59.49° sin 7.87°
T
BC = 7468.6 N
Free-Body Diagram Point C In the free-body diagram of point C (with W the sum of weights of chair
and skier) the geometry gives:
1.32
θ CD =

tan −1 = 10.39°
7.2
Hence, in the force triangle, by the Law of Sines:

Force Triangle
W 7468.6 N
=
sin12.23° sin 100.39°
W = 1608.5 N
Finally, the skier weight = 1608.5 N − 300 N = 1308.5 N
skier weight = 1309 N 
47

PROBLEM 2.48
A chairlift has been stopped in the position shown. Knowing that each
chair weighs 300 N and that the skier in chair F weighs 800 N, determine
the weight of the skier in chair E.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram Point F In the free-body diagram of point F , the geometry gives:
12
θ EF =

tan −1 = 22.62°
28.8
1.32
θ DF =

tan −1 = 10.39°
7.2
Thus, in the force triangle, by the Law of Sines:

Force Triangle
T
EF 1100 N
=
sin100.39° sin 12.23°
T
BC = 5107.5 N
In the free-body diagram of point E (with W the sum of weights of chair
Free-Body Diagram Point E and skier) the geometry gives:
9.9
θ AE =

tan −1 = 30.51°
16.8
Hence, in the force triangle, by the Law of Sines:
W 5107.5 N
=
sin 7.89° sin 59.49°
Force Triangle
W = 813.8 N
Finally, the skier weight = 813.8 N − 300 N = 513.8 N
skier weight = 514 N 
48

PROBLEM 2.49
Four wooden members are joined with metal plate connectors and are in
equilibrium under the action of the four fences shown. Knowing that
F A = 510 lb and F B = 480 lb, determine the magnitudes of the other two
forces.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram
Resolving the forces into x and y components:
Σ F x = 0: F C + ( 510 lb ) sin15° − ( 480 lb ) cos15° = 0
or F C = 332 lb 
Σ F y = 0: F D − ( 510 lb ) cos15° + ( 480 lb ) sin15° = 0
or F
D = 368 lb 
49

PROBLEM 2.50
Four wooden members are joined with metal plate connectors and are in
equilibrium under the action of the four fences shown. Knowing that
F A = 420 lb and F C = 540 lb, determine the magnitudes of the other two
forces.
SOLUTION
Resolving the forces into x and y components:
Σ F x = 0: − FB cos15° + ( 540 lb ) + ( 420 lb ) cos15° = 0 or F B = 671.6 lb
F
B = 672 lb 
Σ F y = 0: F D − ( 420 lb ) cos15° + ( 671.6 lb) sin15° = 0
or F
D = 232 lb 
50

PROBLEM 2.51
Two forces P and Q are applied as shown to an aircraft connection.

Knowing that the connection is in equilibrium and the P = 400 lb and
Q = 520 lb, determine the magnitudes of the forces exerted on the rods
A and B.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram Resolving the forces into x and y directions:
R = P + Q + F A + FB = 0
Substituting components:
R = − ( 400 lb ) j + ( 520 lb ) cos 55° i −  ( 520 lb ) sin 55° j
+ F Bi − ( FA cos 55° ) i + ( F A sin 55° ) j = 0
In the y-direction (one unknown force)
−400 lb − ( 520 lb ) sin 55° + F A sin 55° = 0
Thus,
400 lb + ( 520 lb ) sin 55°

A =
F = 1008.3 lb
sin55°
A = 1008
F lb 
In the x-direction:
( 520 lb ) cos 55° + F B − F A cos 55° = 0
Thus,
F B = F A cos 55° − ( 520 lb ) cos 55°
= (1008.3 lb ) cos 55° − ( 520 lb ) cos 55°
= 280.08 lb
B = 280
F lb 
51

PROBLEM 2.52
Two forces P and Q are applied as shown to an aircraft connection.

Knowing that the connection is in equilibrium and that the magnitudes of
the forces exerted on rods A and B are F A = 600 lb and F B = 320 lb,
determine the magnitudes of P and Q.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram Resolving the forces into x and y directions:
R = P + Q + F A + FB = 0
Substituting components:
R = ( 320 lb ) i − ( 600 lb ) cos 55° i +  ( 600 lb ) sin 55° j
+ Pi + ( Q cos 55° ) i − ( Q sin 55° ) j = 0
In the x-direction (one unknown force)
320 lb − ( 600 lb ) cos 55° + Q cos 55° = 0
Thus,
−320 lb + ( 600 lb ) cos 55°

Q = = 42.09 lb
cos55°
Q = 42.1lb

In the y-direction:
( 600 lb ) sin 55° − P − Q sin 55° = 0
Thus,
P = ( 600 lb ) sin 55° − Q sin 55° = 457.01 lb
P = 457 lb 
52

PROBLEM 2.53
Two cables tied together at C are loaded as shown. Knowing that

W = 840 N, determine the tension (a) in cable AC , (b) in cable BC .
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram From geometry:
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse CB are in the ratio 8:15:17.
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse CA are in the ratio 3:4:5.
Thus:
3 15 15
Σ F x = 0: − TCA + T CB − ( 680 N ) = 0
5 17 17
or
1 5
− TCA + T CB = 200 N (1)
5 17
and
4 8 8
Σ F y = 0: TCA + T CB − ( 680 N ) − 840 N = 0
5 17 17
or
1 2
TCA + T CB = 290 N (2)
5 17
Solving Equations (1) and (2) simultaneously:
(a) T CA = 750 N 
(b) T CB = 1190

N 
53

PROBLEM 2.54
Two cables tied together at C are loaded as shown. Determine the range
of values of W for which the tension will not exceed 1050 N in either
cable.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram From geometry:

The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse CB are in the ratio 8:15:17.
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse CA are in the ratio 3:4:5.
Thus:
3 15 15
Σ F x = 0: − TCA + T CB − ( 680 N ) = 0
5 17 17
or
1 5
− TCA + T CB = 200 N (1)
5 17
and
4 8 8
Σ F y = 0: TCA + TCB − ( 680 N ) − W = 0
5 17 17
or
1 2 1
TCA + TCB = 80 N + W (2)
5 17 4
Then, from Equations (1) and (2)
17
TCB = 680 N + W
28

25
TCA = W
28
Now, with T ≤ 1050 N
25
TCA : TCA = 1050 N = W
28
or W = 1176 N
and
17
TCB : TCB = 1050 N = 680 N + W
28
or W = 609 N ∴ 0 ≤ W ≤ 609
N 
54

PROBLEM 2.55
The cabin of an aerial tramway is suspended from a set of wheels that can
roll freely on the support cable ACB and is being pulled at a constant
speed by cable DE . Knowing that α = 40° and β = 35°, that the
combined weight of the cabin, its support system, and its passengers is
24.8 kN, and assuming the tension in cable DF to be negligible,
determine the tension (a) in the support cable ACB, (b) in the traction
cable DE .
SOLUTION
Note: In Problems 2.55 and 2.56 the cabin is considered as a particle. If

considered as a rigid body (Chapter 4) it would be found that its center of
gravity should be located to the left of the centerline for the line CD to be
vertical.
Now
Σ F x = 0: TACB ( cos 35° − cos 40° ) − T DE cos 40° = 0
or
0.0531T ACB − 0.766T DE = 0 (1)
and
Σ F y = 0: TACB ( sin 40° − sin 35° ) + T DE sin 40° − 24.8 kN = 0
or
0.0692T ACB + 0.643T DE = 24.8 kN (2)
From (1)
T ACB = 14.426T DE
Then, from (2)
0.0692 (14.426T DE ) + 0.643T DE = 24.8 kN
and
(b) T = 15.1 kN 
DE
= 218 kN 
(a) T ACB
55

PROBLEM 2.56
The cabin of an aerial tramway is suspended from a set of wheels that can
roll freely on the support cable ACB and is being pulled at a constant
speed by cable DE . Knowing that α = 42° and β = 32 °, that the tension
in cable DE is 20 kN, and assuming the tension in cable DF to be
negligible, determine (a) the combined weight of the cabin, its support
system, and its passengers, (b) the tension in the support cable ACB.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram
First, consider the sum of forces in the x-direction because there is only one unknown force:
Σ F x = 0: T ACB ( cos 32° − cos 42° ) − ( 20 kN ) cos 42° = 0
or
0.1049T ACB
= 14.863 kN
(b) T ACB
= kN 
141.7
Now
Σ F y = 0: TACB ( sin 42° − sin 32° ) + ( 20 kN ) sin 42° − W = 0
or
(141.7 kN )( 0.1392 ) + ( 20 kN )( 0.6691) − W = 0
(a) W = 33.1 kN 
56

PROBLEM 2.57
A block of weight W is suspended from a 500-mm long cord and two
springs of which the unstretched lengths are 450 mm. Knowing that the
constants of the springs are k AB = 1500 N/m and k AD = 500 N/m,
determine (a) the tension in the cord, (b) the weight of the block.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram At A First note from geometry:

The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AD are in the ratio 8:15:17.
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AB are in the ratio 3:4:5.
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AC are in the ratio 7:24:25.
Then:
F AB = k AB ( LAB − Lo )
and
2 2
L AB = ( 0.44 m ) + ( 0.33 m ) = 0.55 m
So:
F
AB = 1500 N/m ( 0.55 m − 0.45 m )
= 150 N
Similarly,
F AD = k AD ( LAD − Lo )
Then:
2 2
L AD = ( 0.66 m ) + ( 0.32 m ) = 0.68 m
F
AD = 1500 N/m ( 0.68 m − 0.45 m )
= 115 N
(a)
4 7 15
Σ F x = 0: − (150 N ) + T AC − (115 N ) = 0
5 25 17
or
T AC = 66.18 N T AC = N 

66.2
57

PROBLEM 2.57 CONTINUED
(b) and
3 24 8
Σ F y = 0: (150 N ) + ( 66.18 N ) + (115 N ) − W = 0
5 25 17
N 
or W = 208
58

PROBLEM 2.58
A load of weight 400 N is suspended from a spring and two cords which
are attached to blocks of weights 3W and W as shown. Knowing that the
constant of the spring is 800 N/m, determine (a) the value of W , (b) the
unstretched length of the spring.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram At A
First note from geometry:
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AD are in the ratio 12:35:37.
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AC are in the ratio 3:4:5.
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AB are also in the ratio
12:35:37.
Then:
4 35 12
Σ F x = 0: − ( 3W ) + (W ) + F s = 0
5 37 37
or
F s = 4.4833W
and
3 12 35
Σ F y = 0: ( 3W ) + (W ) + F s − 400 N = 0
5 37 37
Then:
3 12 35
( 3W ) + (W ) + ( 4.4833W ) − 400 N = 0
5 37 37
or
W = 62.841 N
and
F
s = 281.74 N
or
(a) N 
W = 62.8
59

(b) Have spring force
F s = k ( LAB − Lo )
Where
F AB = k AB ( LAB − Lo )
and
2 2
L AB = ( 0.360 m ) + (1.050 m ) = 1.110 m
So:
281.74 N = 800 N/m (1.110 − L0 ) m
or L0 = 758 mm 
60

PROBLEM 2.59
For the cables and loading of Problem 2.46, determine (a) the value of α
for which the tension in cable BC is as small as possible, (b) the
corresponding value of the tension.
SOLUTION
The smallest T
BC is when T
BC is perpendicular to the direction of T
AC
Free-Body Diagram At C Force Triangle
(a) α = 55.0° 
(b) T
BC = ( 2943 N ) sin55°
= 2410.8 N
T
BC = 2.41kN 
61

PROBLEM 2.60
Knowing that portions AC and BC of cable ACB must be equal, determine

the shortest length of cable which can be used to support the load shown
if the tension in the cable is not to exceed 725 N.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: C
Σ F y = 0: 2T y − 1000 N = 0
( For T = 725 N )
T y = 500 N
T x2 + Ty2 = T 2
2 2 2
T
x + ( 500 N ) = ( 725 N )
T
x = 525 N
By similar triangles:
BC 1.5 m
=
725 525
∴ BC = 2.07 m
L = 2 ( BC ) = 4.14 m
L = 4.14 m 
62

PROBLEM 2.61
Two cables tied together at C are loaded as shown. Knowing that the
maximum allowable tension in each cable is 200 lb, determine ( a) the
magnitude of the largest force P which may be applied at C , (b) the
corresponding value of α .
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: C Force Triangle
Force triangle is isoceles with
2 β = 180° − 85°
β = 47.5°
(a) P = 2 ( 200 lb ) cos 47.5° = 270 lb
Since P > 0, the solution is correct. P = 270 lb 
(b) α = 180° − 55° − 47.5° = 77.5° α = 77.5° 
63

PROBLEM 2.62
Two cables tied together at C are loaded as shown. Knowing that the
maximum allowable tension is 300 lb in cable AC and 150 lb in cable BC ,
determine (a) the magnitude of the largest force P which may be applied
at C , (b) the corresponding value of α .
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: C Force Triangle
(a) Law of Cosines:
2 2
P 2 = ( 300 lb ) + (150 lb ) − 2 (300 lb )(150 lb ) cos85°
P = 323.5 lb
Since P > 300 lb, our solution is correct. P = 324 lb 
(b) Law of Sines:
sin β 85°
sin
=
300 323.5°
sin β = 0.9238
or β = 67.49°
α = 180° − 55° − 67.49° = 57.5°
α = 57.5° 
64

PROBLEM 2.63
For the structure and loading of Problem 2.45, determine (a) the value of
α for which the tension in cable BC is as small as possible, (b) the
corresponding value of the tension.
SOLUTION
T BC must be perpendicular to F AC to be as small as possible.
Free-Body Diagram: C Force Triangle is

a right triangle
(a) We observe: α = 55° α = 55° 
(b) T BC = ( 400 lb ) sin 60°
or T BC = 346.4 lb T BC = 346 lb 
65

PROBLEM 2.64
Boom AB is supported by cable BC and a hinge at A. Knowing that the
boom exerts on pin B a force directed along the boom and that the tension
in rope BD is 70 lb, determine (a) the value of α for which the tension in
cable BC is as small as possible, (b) the corresponding value of the
tension.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: B (a) Have: T BD + FAB + TBC = 0
where magnitude and direction of T BD are known, and the direction
of F AB is known.
Then, in a force triangle:
By observation, T BC is minimum when α = 90.0°
(b) Have T BC = ( 70 lb ) sin (180° − 70° − 30° )
= 68.93 lb
T BC = 68.9
lb
66

PROBLEM 2.65
Collar A shown in Figure P2.65 and P2.66 can slide on a frictionless
vertical rod and is attached as shown to a spring. The constant of the
spring is 660 N/m, and the spring is unstretched when h = 300 mm.
Knowing that the system is in equilibrium when h = 400 mm, determine
the weight of the collar.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: Collar A

Have: F s = k ( L′AB − LAB )
where:
2 2
′ =
L AB ( 0.3 m ) + ( 0.4 m ) LAB = 0.3 2 m
= 0.5 m
Then: (
F s = 660 N/m 0.5 − 0.3 2 m )
= 49.986 N
For the collar:
4
Σ F y = 0: −W + ( 49.986 N ) = 0
5
or W = 40.0
N
67

PROBLEM 2.66
The 40-N collar A can slide on a frictionless vertical rod and is attached
as shown to a spring. The spring is unstretched when h = 300 mm.
Knowing that the constant of the spring is 560 N/m, determine the value
of h for which the system is in equilibrium.
SOLUTION
h
Free-Body Diagram: Collar A Σ F y = 0: − W + F s = 0
2
( 0.3) + h 2
or hF s = 40 0.09 + h 2
Now.. F s = k ( L′AB − LAB )
2
where ′ =
L AB ( 0.3) + h2 m LAB = 0.3 2 m
Then: h 560 ( 0.09 + h2 − 0.3 2  = 40 0.09 + h 2

)

or (14h − 1) 0.09 + h 2 = 4.2 2h h∼ m
Solving numerically,
h = 415 mm
68

PROBLEM 2.67
A 280-kg crate is supported by several rope-and-pulley arrangements as

shown. Determine for each arrangement the tension in the rope. ( Hint:
The tension in the rope is the same on each side of a simple pulley. This
can be proved by the methods of Chapter 4.)
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram of pulley

( )
Σ F y = 0: 2T − ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0
(a)
1
T = ( 2746.8 N )
2
T = 1373 N 
(b) ( )
Σ F y = 0: 2T − ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0
1
T = ( 2746.8 N )
2
T = 1373 N 
(c) ( )
Σ F y = 0: 3T − ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0
1
T = ( 2746.8 N )
3
T = 916 N 
(d )
( )
Σ F y = 0: 3T − ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0
1
T = ( 2746.8 N )
3
T = 916 N 
(e) ( )
Σ F y = 0: 4T − ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0
1
T = ( 2746.8 N )
4
T = 687 N 
69

PROBLEM 2.68
Solve parts b and d of Problem 2.67 assuming that the free end of the
rope is attached to the crate.
Problem 2.67: A 280-kg crate is supported by several rope-and-pulley
arrangements as shown. Determine for each arrangement the tension in
the rope. ( Hint: The tension in the rope is the same on each side of a
simple pulley. This can be proved by the methods of Chapter 4.)
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram of pulley

and crate
(b)
( )
Σ F y = 0: 3T − ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0
1
T = ( 2746.8 N )
3
T = 916 N 
(d )
( )
Σ F y = 0: 4T − ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0
1
T = ( 2746.8 N )
4
T = 687 N 
70

PROBLEM 2.69
A 350-lb load is supported by the rope-and-pulley arrangement shown.

Knowing that β = 25°, determine the magnitude and direction of the
force P which should be exerted on the free end of the rope to maintain
equilibrium. ( Hint: The tension in the rope is the same on each side of a
simple pulley. This can be proved by the methods of Chapter 4.)
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: Pulley A

Σ F x = 0: 2 P sin 25° − P cos
α = 0
and
cos α = 0.8452 or α = ±32.3°
For α = +32.3°
Σ F y = 0: 2 P cos 25° + P sin 32.3° − 350 lb = 0
or P = 149.1 lb 32.3° 
For α = −32.3°
Σ F y = 0: 2 P cos 25° + P sin − 32.3° − 350 lb = 0
or P = 274 lb 32.3° 
71

PROBLEM 2.70
A 350-lb load is supported by the rope-and-pulley arrangement shown.

Knowing that α = 35°, determine (a) the angle β , (b) the magnitude of
the force P which should be exerted on the free end of the rope to
maintain equilibrium. ( Hint: The tension in the rope is the same on each
side of a simple pulley. This can be proved by the methods of Chapter 4.)
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: Pulley A

Σ F x = 0: 2 P sin β − P cos 25° = 0
Hence:
1
(a) sin β = cos 25° or β = 24.2° 
2
(b) Σ F y = 0: 2P cos β + P sin 35° − 350 lb = 0
Hence:
2 P cos 24.2° + P sin 35° − 350 lb = 0
or P = 145.97 lb P = 146.0 lb 
72

PROBLEM 2.71
A load Q is applied to the pulley C , which can roll on the cable ACB. The
pulley is held in the position shown by a second cable CAD, which passes
over the pulley A and supports a load P. Knowing that P = 800 N,
determine (a) the tension in cable ACB, (b) the magnitude of load Q.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: Pulley C
(a) Σ F x = 0: T ACB ( cos 30° − cos 50° ) − (800 N ) cos 50° = 0
Hence T ACB
= 2303.5 N
T ACB = 2.30 kN 
(b) Σ F y = 0: TACB ( sin 30° + sin 50° ) + ( 800 N ) sin 50° − Q = 0
( 2303.5 N )( sin 30° + sin 50° ) + ( 800 N ) sin 50° − Q = 0
or Q = 3529.2 N Q = 3.53 kN 
73

PROBLEM 2.72
A 2000-N load Q is applied to the pulley C , which can roll on the cable
ACB. The pulley is held in the position shown by a second cable CAD,
which passes over the pulley A and supports a load P. Determine (a) the
tension in the cable ACB, (b) the magnitude of load P.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: Pulley C
Σ F x = 0: TACB ( cos 30° − cos 50° ) − P cos 50° = 0
or P = 0.3473T ACB (1)
Σ F y = 0: TACB ( sin 30° + sin 50° ) + P sin 50° − 2000 N = 0
or 1.266T ACB + 0.766P = 2000 N (2)
(a) Substitute Equation (1) into Equation (2):
1.266T ACB + 0.766 ( 0.3473T ACB ) = 2000 N
Hence: T ACB
= 1305.5 N
T ACB
= 1306 N 
(b) Using (1)
P = 0.3473 (1306 N ) = 453.57 N
P = 454 N 
74

PROBLEM 2.73
Determine (a) the x, y, and z components of the 200-lb force, (b) the
angles θ x, θ y, and θ z that the force forms with the coordinate axes.
SOLUTION
(a) F
x = ( 200 lb ) cos 30° cos 25° = 156.98 lb
F
x = +157.0 lb 
F
y = ( 200 lb ) sin 30° = 100.0 lb
F
y = +100.0 lb 
F
z = − ( 200 lb ) cos 30° sin 25° = −73.1996 lb
F
z = −73.2 lb 
156.98
(b) cosθ x = or θ x = 38.3° 
200
100.0
cosθ y = or θ y = 60.0° 
200
−73.1996
cosθ z = or θ z = 111.5° 
200
75

PROBLEM 2.74
Determine (a) the x, y, and z components of the 420-lb force, (b) the
angles θ x, θ y, and θ z that the force forms with the coordinate axes.
SOLUTION
(a) F
x = − ( 420 lb ) sin 20° sin 70° = −134.985 lb
F
x = −135.0 lb 
F
y = ( 420 lb ) cos 20° = 394.67 lb
F
y = +395 lb 
z = ( 420 lb ) sin 20° cos 70°

F = 49.131 lb
F
z = +49.1 lb 
−134.985
(b) cosθ x =
420
θ x = 108.7° 
394.67
cosθ y =
420
θ y = 20.0° 
49.131
cosθ z =
420
θ z = 83.3° 
76

PROBLEM 2.75
To stabilize a tree partially uprooted in a storm, cables AB and AC are
attached to the upper trunk of the tree and then are fastened to steel rods
anchored in the ground. Knowing that the tension in cable AB is 4.2 kN,
determine (a) the components of the force exerted by this cable on the
tree, (b) the angles θ x, θ y, and θ z that the force forms with axes at A which
are parallel to the coordinate axes.
SOLUTION
(a) F
x = ( 4.2 kN ) sin 50° cos 40° = 2.4647 kN
F
x = +2.46 kN 
F
y = − ( 4.2 kN ) cos 50° = − 2.6997 kN
F
y = −2.70 kN 
z = ( 4.2 kN ) sin 50° sin 40°

F = 2.0681 kN
F
z = +2.07 kN 
2.4647
(b) cosθ x =
4.2
θ x = 54.1° 
77

−2.7
cosθ y =
4.2
θ y = 130.0° 
2.0681
cosθ z =
4.0
θ z = 60.5° 
78

PROBLEM 2.76
anchored in the ground. Knowing that the tension in cable AC is 3.6 kN,
determine (a) the components of the force exerted by this cable on the
tree, (b) the angles θ x, θ y, and θ z that the force forms with axes at A which
are parallel to the coordinate axes.
SOLUTION
(a) F
x = − ( 3.6 kN ) cos 45° sin 25° = − 1.0758 kN
F
x = −1.076 kN 
F
y = − ( 3.6 kN ) sin 45° = − 2.546 kN
F
y = −2.55 kN 
z = ( 3.6 kN ) cos 45° cos 25°

F = 2.3071 kN
F
z = +2.31 kN 
−1.0758
(b) cosθ x =
3.6
θ x = 107.4° 
79

−2.546
cosθ y =
3.6
θ y = 135.0° 
2.3071
cosθ z =
3.6
θ z = 50.1° 
80

PROBLEM 2.77
A horizontal circular plate is suspended as shown from three wires which

are attached to a support at D and form 30° angles with the vertical.
Knowing that the x component of the force exerted by wire AD on the
plate is 220.6 N, determine (a) the tension in wire AD, (b) the angles θ x,
θ y, and θ z that the force exerted at A forms with the coordinate axes.
SOLUTION
(a) F x = F sin 30° sin 50° = 220.6 N (Given)
220.6 N
F = = 575.95 N
sin30° sin50°
F = 576 N 
F x 220.6
(b) cos θ x = = = 0.3830
F 575.95
θ x = 67.5° 
F y = F cos 30° = 498.79 N
F y 498.79
cos θ y = = = 0.86605
F 575.95
θ y = 30.0° 
F z = − F sin30° cos50°
= − ( 575.95 N ) sin30° cos50°

= −185.107 N
F
z −185.107
cosθ z = = = −0.32139
F 575.95
θ z = 108.7° 
81

PROBLEM 2.78

Knowing that the z component of the force exerted by wire BD on the
plate is –64.28 N, determine (a) the tension in wire BD, (b) the angles θ x,
θ y, and θ z that the force exerted at B forms with the coordinate axes.
SOLUTION
(a) F z = − F sin 30° sin 40° = − 64.28 N (Given)
64.28 N
F = = 200.0 N F = 200 N 
sin30° sin40°
(b) F x = − F sin30° cos40°
= − ( 200.0 N ) sin30° cos40°

= −76.604 N
F
x −76.604
cos θ x = = = −0.38302 θ x = 112.5° 
F 200.0
F y = F cos 30° = 173.2 N
F y 173.2
cosθ y = = = 0.866 θ y = 30.0° 
F 200
F z = −64.28 N
F
z −64.28
cos θ z = = = −0.3214 θ z = 108.7° 
F 200
82

PROBLEM 2.79

Knowing that the tension in wire CD is 120 lb, determine (a) the
components of the force exerted by this wire on the plate, (b) the angles
θ x, θ y, and θ z that the force forms with the coordinate axes.
SOLUTION
(a) F x = − (120 lb ) sin 30° cos 60° = −30 lb
F x = −30.0 lb 
F y = (120 lb ) cos 30° = 103.92 lb
F y = +103.9 lb 
F z = (120 lb ) sin 30° sin 60° = 51.96 lb
F z = +52.0 lb 
F
x −30.0
(b) cosθ x = = = −0.25
F 120
θ x = 104.5° 
F y 103.92
cosθ y = = = 0.866
F 120
θ y = 30.0° 
F z 51.96
cosθ z = = = 0.433
F 120
θ z = 64.3° 
83

PROBLEM 2.80

Knowing that the x component of the forces exerted by wire CD on the
plate is –40 lb, determine (a) the tension in wire CD, (b) the angles θ x, θ y,
and θ z that the force exerted at C forms with the coordinate axes.
SOLUTION
(a) F x = − F sin 30° cos 60° = −40 lb (Given)
40 lb
F = = 160 lb
sin30° cos60°
F = 160.0 lb 
F
x −40
(b) cosθ x = = = −0.25
F 160
θ x = 104.5° 
F y = (160 lb ) cos 30° = 103.92 lb
F y 103.92
cos θ y = = = 0.866
F 160
θ y = 30.0° 
F z = (160 lb ) sin 30° sin 60° = 69.282 lb
F z 69.282
cosθ z = = = 0.433
F 160
θ z = 64.3° 
84

PROBLEM 2.81
Determine the magnitude and direction of the force

F = ( 800 lb ) i + ( 260 lb ) j − ( 320 lb ) k.
SOLUTION
2 2 2
F = F x2 + Fy2 + F z 2 = ( 800 lb ) + ( 260 lb ) (
+ − 320 lb ) F = 900 lb 
F
x 800
cos θ x = = = 0.8889 θ x = 27.3° 
F 900
F
y 260
cosθ y = = = 0.2889 θ y = 73.2° 
F 900
F
z −320
cosθ z = = = −0.3555 θ z = 110.8° 
F 900
85

PROBLEM 2.82
Determine the magnitude and direction of the force

F = ( 400 N ) i − (1200 N ) j + ( 300 N ) k.
SOLUTION
2 2 2
F = F x2 + Fy2 + F z 2 = ( 400 N ) (
+ − 1200 N) + ( 300 N ) F = 1300 N 
F
x 400
cosθ x = = = 0.30769 θ x = 72.1° 
F 1300
F
y −1200
cos θ y = = = −0.92307 θ y = 157.4° 
F 1300
F
z 300
cos θ z = = = 0.23076 θ z = 76.7° 
F 1300
86

PROBLEM 2.83
A force acts at the origin of a coordinate system in a direction defined by

the angles θ x = 64.5° and θ z = 55.9°. Knowing that the y component of
the force is –200 N, determine (a) the angle θ y, (b) the other components
and the magnitude of the force.
SOLUTION
(a) We have
2 2 2 2
( cosθ x ) + ( cosθ y ) + ( cosθ z )2 = 1 ⇒ ( cosθ y ) = (
1 − cos θ y ) − ( cos θ z )2
Since F
y < 0 we must have cos θ y < 0
Thus, taking the negative square root, from above, we have:
2 2
cosθ y = − 1 − ( cos 64.5° ) − ( cos 55.9° ) = −0.70735 θ y = 135.0° 
(b) Then:
F
y −200 N
F = = = 282.73 N
cosθ y −0.70735
and F x = θ x

F cos = ( 282.73 N ) cos 64.5° F
x = 121.7 N 
F z = F cos
θ z = ( 282.73 N ) cos 55.9° F
y = 158.5 N 
F = 283 N 
87

PROBLEM 2.84
A force acts at the origin of a coordinate system in a direction defined by

the angles θ x = 75.4° and θ y = 132.6°. Knowing that the z component of
the force is –60 N, determine (a) the angle θ z , (b) the other components
and the magnitude of the force.
SOLUTION
(a) We have
2 2 2 2
( cosθ x ) + ( cosθ y ) + ( cosθ z )2 = 1 ⇒ ( cosθ y ) = (
1 − cos θ y ) − ( cos θ z )2
z < 0 we must have cos θ z
Since F < 0
Thus, taking the negative square root, from above, we have:
2 2
cos θ z = − 1 − ( cos 75.4° ) − ( cos132.6° ) = − 0.69159 θ z = 133.8° 
(b) Then:
F
z −60 N
F = = = 86.757 N F = 86.8 N 
cos θ z −0.69159
and F x = θ x

F cos = (86.8 N ) cos 75.4° F
x = 21.9 N 
F y = θ y
F cos = (86.8 N ) cos132.6° F
y = −58.8 N
88

PROBLEM 2.85
A force F of magnitude 400 N acts at the origin of a coordinate system.

Knowing that θ x = 28.5°, F y = –80 N, and F z > 0, determine (a) the
components F x and F z , (b) the angles θ y and θ z .
SOLUTION
(a) Have
F x = θ x
F cos = ( 400 N ) cos 28.5° F
x = 351.5 N 
Then:
F 2 = F x2 + Fy2 + F z 2
2 2 2 2
So: ( 400 N ) = ( 352.5 N ) + ( −80 N ) + F
z
Hence:
2 2 2
F
z = + ( 400 N ) − ( 351.5 N ) (
− − 80 N) z = 173.3 N 
F
(b)
F
y −80
cosθ y = = = −0.20 θ y = 101.5° 
F 400
F
z 173.3
cosθ z = = = 0.43325 θ z = 64.3° 
F 400
89

PROBLEM 2.86
A force F of magnitude 600 lb acts at the origin of a coordinate system.

Knowing that F x = 200 lb, θ z = 136.8°, F y < 0, determine (a) the
components F y and F z , (b) the angles θ x and θ y.
SOLUTION
(a) F z = θ z

F cos = ( 600 lb ) cos136.8°
= −437.4 lb F
z = −437 lb 
Then:
F 2 = F x2 + Fy2 + F z 2
2 2 2
So: ( 600 lb ) = ( 200 lb ) + ( F y ) + ( −437.4 lb )2
2 2 2
Hence: F
y = − ( 600 lb ) − ( 200 lb ) (
− − 437.4 lb )
= −358.7 lb F
y = −359 lb 
(b)
F
x 200
cosθ x = = = 0.333 θ x = 70.5° 
F 600
F
y −358.7
cosθ y = = = −0.59783 θ y = 126.7° 
F 600
90

PROBLEM 2.87
A transmission tower is held by three guy wires anchored by bolts at B,

C , and D. If the tension in wire AB is 2100 N, determine the components
of the force exerted by the wire on the bolt at B.
SOLUTION


BA = ( 4 m ) i + ( 20 m ) j − ( 5 m ) k
2 2 2
BA = ( 4 m ) + ( 20 m ) + ( −5 m ) = 21 m


BA 2100 N
F = F BA = F = ( 4 m ) i + ( 20 m ) j − ( 5 m ) k 
BA 21 m 
F = ( 400 N ) i + ( 2000 N ) j − ( 500 N ) k
F x = +400 N, Fy = + 2000 N, F z = − 500 N 
91

PROBLEM 2.88
A transmission tower is held by three guy wires anchored by bolts at B,

C , and D. If the tension in wire AD is 1260 N, determine the components
of the force exerted by the wire on the bolt at D.
SOLUTION


DA = ( 4 m ) i + ( 20 m ) j + (14.8 m ) k
2 2 2
DA = ( 4 m ) + ( 20 m ) + (14.8 m ) = 25.2 m

DA 1260 N
F = F DA = F = ( 4 m ) i + ( 20 m ) j + (14.8 m ) k 
DA 25.2 m 
F = ( 200 N ) i + (1000 N ) j + ( 740 N ) k
F x = +200 N, Fy = + 1000 N, F z = + 740 N 
92

PROBLEM 2.89
A rectangular plate is supported by three cables as shown. Knowing that

the tension in cable AB is 204 lb, determine the components of the force
exerted on the plate at B.
SOLUTION


BA = ( 32 in.) i + ( 48 in.) j − ( 36 in.) k
2 2 2
BA = ( 32 in.) + ( 48 in.) + ( −36 in.) = 68 in.

BA 204 lb
F = F BA = F = ( 32 in.) i + ( 48 in.) j − ( 36 in.) k 
BA 68 in. 
F = ( 96 lb ) i + (144 lb ) j − (108 lb ) k
F x = +96.0 lb, Fy = +144.0 lb, F z = − 108.0 lb 
93

PROBLEM 2.90

the tension in cable AD is 195 lb, determine the components of the force
exerted on the plate at D.
SOLUTION


DA = − ( 25 in.) i + ( 48 in.) j + ( 36 in.) k
2 2 2
DA = ( −25 in.) + ( 48 in.) + ( 36 in.) = 65 in.


DA 195 lb
F = F DA = F = ( −25 in.) i + ( 48 in.) j + ( 36 in.) k 
DA 65 in. 
F = − ( 75 lb ) i + (144 lb ) j + (108 lb ) k
F x = −75.0 lb, Fy = +144.0 lb, F z = + 108.0 lb 
94

PROBLEM 2.91
A steel rod is bent into a semicircular ring of radius 0.96 m and is

supported in part by cables BD and BE which are attached to the ring at
B. Knowing that the tension in cable BD is 220 N, determine the
components of this force exerted by the cable on the support at D.
SOLUTION

DB = ( 0.96 m ) i − (1.12 m ) j − ( 0.96 m ) k
2 2 2
DB = ( 0.96 m ) + ( −1.12 m ) + ( −0.96 m ) = 1.76 m

DB 220 N
T DB = T DB = T = ( 0.96 m ) i − (1.12 m ) j − ( 0.96 m ) k 
DB 1.76 m 
T DB = (120 N ) i − (140 N ) j − (120 N ) k
(T DB ) x = +120.0 N, (TDB ) y = −140.0 N, (T DB ) z = − 120.0 N 
95

PROBLEM 2.92
A steel rod is bent into a semicircular ring of radius 0.96 m and is

supported in part by cables BD and BE which are attached to the ring at
B. Knowing that the tension in cable BE is 250 N, determine the
components of this force exerted by the cable on the support at E .
SOLUTION


EB = ( 0.96 m ) i − (1.20 m ) j + (1.28 m ) k
2 2 2
EB = ( 0.96 m ) + ( −1.20 m ) + (1.28 m ) = 2.00 m


EB 250 N
T EB = T EB = T = ( 0.96 m ) i − (1.20 m ) j + (1.28 m ) k 
EB 2.00 m 
T EB = (120 N ) i − (150 N ) j + (160 N ) k
(T EB ) x = +120.0 N, (TEB ) y = −150.0 N, (T EB ) z = + 160.0 N 
96

PROBLEM 2.93
Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the two forces shown
knowing that P = 500 N and Q = 600 N.
SOLUTION
P = ( 500 lb ) [ − cos 30° sin15° i + sin 30° j + cos 30° cos15°k ]
= ( 500 lb ) [ −0.2241i + 0.50j + 0.8365k ]
= − (112.05 lb ) i + ( 250 lb ) j + ( 418.25 lb ) k
Q = ( 600 lb ) [cos 40° cos 20°i + sin 40° j − cos 40° sin 20°k ]
= ( 600 lb ) [0.71985i + 0.64278j − 0.26201k ]
= ( 431.91 lb ) i + ( 385.67 lb ) j − (157.206 lb ) k
R = P + Q = ( 319.86 lb ) i + ( 635.67 lb ) j + ( 261.04 lb ) k
2 2 2
R = ( 319.86 lb ) + ( 635.67 lb ) + ( 261.04 lb ) = 757.98 lb
R = 758 lb 
R x 319.86 lb
cosθ x = = = 0.42199
R 757.98 lb
θ x = 65.0° 
R y 635.67 lb
cosθ y = = = 0.83864
R 757.98 lb
θ y = 33.0° 
R z 261.04 lb
cosθ z = = = 0.34439
R 757.98 lb
θ z = 69.9° 
97

PROBLEM 2.94
Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the two forces shown
knowing that P = 600 N and Q = 400 N.
SOLUTION
Using the results from 2.93:
P = ( 600 lb ) [ −0.2241i + 0.50j + 0.8365k ]
= − (134.46 lb ) i + ( 300 lb) j + ( 501.9 lb ) k
Q = ( 400 lb ) [ 0.71985i + 0.64278j − 0.26201k ]
= ( 287.94 lb ) i + ( 257.11 lb ) j − (104.804 lb ) k
R = P + Q = (153.48 lb ) i + ( 557.11 lb ) j + ( 397.10 lb ) k
2 2 2
R = (153.48 lb ) + ( 557.11 lb ) + ( 397.10 lb ) = 701.15 lb
R = 701 lb 
R x 153.48 lb
cosθ x = = = 0.21890
R 701.15 lb
θ x = 77.4° 
R y 557.11 lb
cos θ y = = = 0.79457
R 701.15 lb
θ y = 37.4° 
R z 397.10 lb
cosθ z = = = 0.56637
R 701.15 lb
θ z = 55.5° 
98

PROBLEM 2.95
Knowing that the tension is 850 N in cable AB and 1020 N in cable AC ,
determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the forces
exerted at A by the two cables.
SOLUTION


AB = ( 400 mm ) i − ( 450 mm ) j + ( 600 mm ) k
2 2 2
AB = ( 400 mm ) + ( −450 mm ) + ( 600 mm ) = 850 mm

AC = (1000 mm ) i − ( 450 mm ) j + ( 600 mm ) k
2 2 2
AC = (1000 mm ) + ( −450 mm ) + ( 600 mm ) = 1250 mm
 ( 400 mm ) i − ( 450 mm ) j + ( 600 mm ) k 



AB
T
AB
= T AB AB = T AB = ( 850 N )  
AB  850 mm 
T
AB
= ( 400 N ) i − ( 450 N ) j + ( 600 N) k
 (1000 mm ) i − ( 450 mm ) j + ( 600 mm ) k 


AC
T
AC
= T AC AC = T AC = (1020
N)  
AC  1250 mm 
T
AC
= ( 816 N ) i − ( 367.2 N ) j + ( 489.6 N ) k
R = T AB + TAC = (1216 N ) i − ( 817.2 N ) j + (1089.6 N ) k
Then: R = 1825.8 N R = 1826 N 
1216
and cosθ x = = 0.66601 θ x = 48.2° 
1825.8
−817.2
cosθ y = = −0.44758 θ y = 116.6° 
1825.8
1089.6
cos θ z = = 0.59678 θ z = 53.4° 
1825.8
99

PROBLEM 2.96
Assuming that in Problem 2.95 the tension is 1020 N in cable AB and
850 N in cable AC , determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant
of the forces exerted at A by the two cables.
SOLUTION


AB = ( 400 mm ) i − ( 450 mm ) j + ( 600 mm ) k
2 2 2
AB = ( 400 mm ) + ( −450 mm ) + ( 600 mm ) = 850 mm

AC = (1000 mm ) i − ( 450 mm ) j + ( 600 mm ) k
2 2 2
AC = (1000 mm ) + ( −450 mm ) + ( 600 mm ) = 1250 mm
 ( 400 mm ) i − ( 450 mm ) j + ( 600 mm ) k 


AB
T AB = TAB AB = T AB = (1020
N)  
AB  850 mm 
T AB = ( 480 N ) i − ( 540 N ) j + ( 720 N ) k
 (1000 mm ) i − ( 450 mm ) j + ( 600 mm ) k 


AC
T AC = TAC AC = T AC = ( 850 N )  
AC  1250 mm 
T AC = ( 680 N ) i − ( 306 N ) j + ( 408 N ) k
R = T AB + TAC = (1160 N ) i − ( 846 N ) j + (1128 N ) k
Then: R = 1825.8 N R = 1826 N 
1160
and cos θ x = = 0.6353 θ x = 50.6° 
1825.8
−846
cos θ y = = −0.4634 θ y = 117.6° 
1825.8
1128
cosθ z = = 0.6178 θ z = 51.8° 
1825.8
100

PROBLEM 2.97
For the semicircular ring of Problem 2.91, determine the magnitude and
direction of the resultant of the forces exerted by the cables at B knowing
that the tensions in cables BD and BE are 220 N and 250 N, respectively.
SOLUTION
For the solutions to Problems 2.91 and 2.92, we have
T BD = − (120 N ) i + (140 N ) j + (120 N ) k
T BE = − (120 N ) i + (150 N ) j − (160 N ) k
Then:
R B = TBD + TBE
= − ( 240 N ) i + ( 290 N ) j − ( 40 N) k
and R = 378.55 N R B = 379 N 
240
cos θ x = − = −0.6340
378.55
θ x = 129.3° 
290
cosθ y = = −0.7661
378.55
θ y = 40.0° 
40
cos θ z = − = −0.1057
378.55
θ z = 96.1° 
101

PROBLEM 2.98
anchored in the ground. Knowing that the tension in AB is 920 lb and that
the resultant of the forces exerted at A by cables AB and AC lies in the yz
plane, determine (a) the tension in AC , (b) the magnitude and direction of
the resultant of the two forces.
SOLUTION
Have
T AB = ( 920 lb )( sin 50° cos 40°i − cos 50° j + sin 50° sin 40° j )
T AC = T AC ( − cos 45° sin 25°i − sin 45° j + cos 45° cos 25° j )
(a)
R A = TAB + TAC
( R A ) x = 0
∴ ( R A ) x = ΣFx = 0: ( 920 lb ) sin 50° cos 40° − T AC cos 45° sin 25° = 0
or
T AC = 1806.60 lb T AC = 1807 lb 
(b)
( R A ) y = ΣF y : − ( 920 lb ) cos 50° − (1806.60 lb ) sin 45°
( R A ) y = −1868.82 lb
( R A ) z = ΣF z : ( 920 lb ) sin 50° sin 40° + (1806.60 lb ) cos 45° cos 25°
( R A ) z = 1610.78 lb
∴ R A = − (1868.82 lb ) j + (1610.78 lb ) k
Then:
R A = 2467.2 lb R A = 2.47 kips 
102

and
0
cosθ x = = 0 θ x = 90.0° 
2467.2
−1868.82
cos θ y = = −0.7560 θ y = 139.2° 
2467.2
1610.78
cosθ z = = 0.65288 θ z = 49.2° 
2467.2
103

PROBLEM 2.99
anchored in the ground. Knowing that the tension in AC is 850 lb and that
the resultant of the forces exerted at A by cables AB and AC lies in the yz
plane, determine (a) the tension in AB, (b) the magnitude and direction of
the resultant of the two forces.
SOLUTION
Have
T AB = T AB ( sin 50° cos 40°i − cos 50° j + sin 50° sin 40°j)
T AC = ( 850 lb )( − cos 45° sin 25°i − sin 45° j + cos 45° cos 25° j)
(a)
( R A ) x = 0
∴ ( R A ) x = ΣFx = 0: T AB sin 50° cos 40° − ( 850 lb ) cos 45° sin 25° = 0
T AB = 432.86 lb T AB = 433 lb 

(b)
( R A ) y = ΣF y : − ( 432.86 lb ) cos 50° − ( 850 lb ) sin 45°
( R A ) y = −879.28 lb
( R A ) z = ΣF z : ( 432.86 lb) sin 50° sin 40° + ( 850 lb ) cos 45° cos 25°
( R A ) z = 757.87 lb
∴ R A = − ( 879.28 lb ) j + ( 757.87 lb ) k
R A = 1160.82 lb R A = 1.161 kips 
0
cosθ x = = 0 θ x = 90.0° 
1160.82
−879.28
cosθ y = = −0.75746 θ y = 139.2° 
1160.82
757.87
cos θ z = = 0.65287 θ z = 49.2° 
1160.82
104

PROBLEM 2.100
For the plate of Problem 2.89, determine the tension in cables AB and AD
knowing that the tension if cable AC is 27 lb and that the resultant of the
forces exerted by the three cables at A must be vertical.
SOLUTION
With:

AC = ( 45 in.) i − ( 48 in.) j + ( 36 in.) k
2 2 2
AC = ( 45 in.) + ( −48 in.) + ( 36 in.) = 75 in.

AC 27 lb
T AC = TAC AC = T AC = ( 45 in.) i − ( 48 in.) j + ( 36 in.) k 
AC 75 in. 
T AC = (16.2 lb ) i − (17.28 lb ) j + (12.96 ) k
and


AB = − ( 32 in.) i − ( 48 in.) j + ( 36 in.) k
2 2 2
AB = ( −32 in.) + ( −48 in.) + ( 36 in.) = 68 in.

AB T AB
T AB = TAB AB = T AB = ( −32 in.) i − ( 48 in.) j + ( 36 in.) k 
AB 68 in. 
T AB = T AB ( −0.4706i − 0.7059j + 0.5294k )
and

AD = ( 25 in.) i − ( 48 in.) j − ( 36 in.) k
2 2 2
AD = ( 25 in.) + ( −48 in.) + ( 36 in.) = 65 in.

AD T AD
T AD = TAD AD = T AD = ( 25 in.) i − ( 48 in.) j − ( 36 in.) k 
AD 65 in. 
T AD = T AD ( 0.3846i − 0.7385j − 0.5538k )
105

Now
R = T AB + TAD + TAD
j + 0.5294k ) + (16.2 lb ) i − (17.28 lb ) j + (12.96 ) k 

= T AB ( −0.4706i − 0.7059
+ T AD ( 0.3846i − 0.7385j − 0.5538k )
Since R must be vertical, the i and k components of this sum must be zero.

Hence:
−0.4706T AB + 0.3846T AD + 16.2 lb = 0 (1)
0.5294T AB − 0.5538T AD + 12.96 lb = 0 (2)
Solving (1) and (2), we obtain:

T AB = 244.79 lb, T AD = 257.41 lb
T AB = 245 lb 
T AD = 257 lb 
106

PROBLEM 2.101
The support assembly shown is bolted in place at B, C , and D and
supports a downward force P at A. Knowing that the forces in members
AB, AC , and AD are directed along the respective members and that the
force in member AB is 146 N, determine the magnitude of P.
SOLUTION
Note that AB, AC , and AD are in compression.

Have
2 2 2
d BA = ( −220 mm ) + (192 mm ) + ( 0 ) = 292 mm
2 2 2
d DA = (192 mm ) + (192 mm ) + (96 mm ) = 288 mm
2 2 2
d CA = ( 0 ) + (192 mm ) + ( −144 mm ) = 240 mm
146 N
and F BA = F BA = ( −220 mm ) i + (192 mm ) j
292 mm 
BA
= − (110 N ) i + ( 96 N) j
F CA
FCA = F CA = (192 mm ) j − (144 mm ) k 
240 mm 
CA
= F CA ( 0.80 j − 0.60k )
F
F DA = F DA = DA
(192 mm ) i + (192 mm ) j + ( 96 mm ) k 
288 mm 
DA
= F
DA [ 0.66667i + 0.66667 j + 0.33333k ]
With P = − P j
At A: ΣF = 0: F BA + FCA + FDA + P = 0
i-component: − (110 N ) + 0.66667 F

DA = 0 or F = 165 N
DA
j-component: 96 N + 0.80 FCA + 0.66667 ( 165 N ) − P = 0 (1)
k -component: −0.60 F CA + 0.33333 (165 N ) = 0 (2)
Solving (2) for F CA and then using that result in (1), gives P = 279 N 
107

PROBLEM 2.102
The support assembly shown is bolted in place at B, C , and D and
supports a downward force P at A. Knowing that the forces in members
AB, AC , and AD are directed along the respective members and that
P = 200 N, determine the forces in the members.
SOLUTION
With the results of 2.101:

F
F BA = F BA = BA
( −220 mm ) i + (192 mm ) j
292 mm 
BA
= F BA [ −0.75342i + 0.65753j] N
F CA
FCA = F CA = (192 mm ) j − (144 mm ) k 
240 mm 
CA
= F CA ( 0.80 j − 0.60k )
F
F DA = F DA = DA
(192 mm ) i + (192 mm ) j + ( 96 mm ) k 
288 mm 
DA
= F
DA [ 0.66667i + 0.66667 j + 0.33333k ]
With: P = − ( 200 N ) j
At A: ΣF = 0: F BA + FCA + FDA + P = 0

Hence, equating the three ( i, j, k ) components to 0 gives three equations
i-component: −0.75342 F BA + 0.66667 F DA = 0 (1)
j-component: 0.65735 F BA + 0.80FCA + 0.66667 F DA − 200 N = 0 (2)
k -component: −0.60 FCA + 0.33333F DA = 0 (3)
Solving (1), (2), and (3), gives
F BA = 104.5 N, FCA = 65.6 N, F DA = 118.1 N
BA = 104.5 N 
F
F CA = 65.6 N 
F = 118.1 N 
DA
108

PROBLEM 2.103
Three cables are used to tether a balloon as shown. Determine the vertical
force P exerted by the balloon at A knowing that the tension in cable AB
is 60 lb.
SOLUTION
The forces applied at A are:
T AB , TAC , TAD and P
where P = P j . To express the other forces in terms of the unit vectors
i, j, k , we write


AB = − (12.6 ft ) i − (16.8 ft ) j AB = 21 ft


AC = ( 7.2 ft ) i − (16.8 ft ) j + (12.6 ft ) k AC = 22.2 ft


AD = − (16.8 ft ) j − ( 9.9 ft ) k AD = 19.5 ft



AB
and T AB = TAB AB = TAB = ( −0.6i − 0.8j) T AB
AB

AC
T AC = TAC AC = TAC = ( 0.3242i − 0.75676j + 0.56757k ) T AC
AC

AD
T AD = TAD AD = TAD = ( −0.8615j − 0.50769k ) T AD
AD
109

Equilibrium Condition
Σ F = 0: T AB + TAC + TAD + P j = 0
Substituting the expressions obtained for T AB , TAC , and TAD and
factoring i, j, and k :
( −0.6T AB + 0.3242TAC ) i + ( −0.8TAB − 0.75676TAC − 0.8615TAD + P) j
+ ( 0.56757T AC − 0.50769T AD ) k = 0
Equating to zero the coefficients of i, j, k :
−0.6T AB + 0.3242T AC = 0 (1)
−0.8T AB − 0.75676TAC − 0.8615TAD + P = 0 (2)
0.56757T AC − 0.50769T AD = 0 (3)
Setting T AB = 60 lb in (1) and (2), and solving the resulting set of

equations gives
= 111 lb
T AC
T AD = 124.2 lb
P = 239 lb 
110

PROBLEM 2.104
Three cables are used to tether a balloon as shown. Determine the vertical
force P exerted by the balloon at A knowing that the tension in cable AC
is 100 lb.
SOLUTION
See Problem 2.103 for the figure and the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3)
below:
−0.6T AB + 0.3242T AC = 0 (1)
−0.8T AB − 0.75676TAC − 0.8615TAD + P = 0 (2)
0.56757T AC − 0.50769T AD = 0 (3)
Substituting T AC = 100 lb in Equations (1), (2), and (3) above, and solving the resulting set of equations
using conventional algorithms gives
T AB = 54 lb
T AD = 112 lb
P = 215 lb 
111

PROBLEM 2.105
The crate shown in Figure P2.105 and P2.108 is supported by three

cables. Determine the weight of the crate knowing that the tension in
cable AB is 3 kN.
SOLUTION
The forces applied at A are:

T AB , TAC , TAD and P
where P = P j . To express the other forces in terms of the unit vectors
i, j, k , we write

AB = − ( 0.72 m ) i + (1.2 m ) j − ( 0.54 m ) k , AB = 1.5 m


AC = (1.2 m ) j + ( 0.64 m ) k , AC = 1.36 m


AD = ( 0.8 m ) i + (1.2 m ) j − ( 0.54 m ) k , AD = 1.54 m



AB
and T AB = TAB AB = TAB = ( −0.48i + 0.8j − 0.36k ) T AB
AB

AC
T AC = TAC AC = TAC = ( 0.88235j + 0.47059k ) T AC
AC

AD
T AD = TAD AD = TAD = ( 0.51948i + 0.77922j − 0.35065k ) T AD
AD
Equilibrium Condition with W = −W j
Σ F = 0: T AB + TAC + TAD − W j = 0
Substituting the expressions obtained for T AB , TAC , and TAD and
factoring i, j, and k :
( −0.48T AB + 0.51948TAD ) i + ( 0.8TAB + 0.88235TAC + 0.77922TAD − W)j
+ ( −0.36T AB + 0.47059TAC − 0.35065T AD ) k = 0
112

Equating to zero the coefficients of i, j, k :
−0.48T AB + 0.51948T AD = 0
0.8T AB + 0.88235TAC + 0.77922TAD − W = 0
−0.36T AB + 0.47059TAC − 0.35065T AD = 0
Substituting T AB = 3 kN in Equations (1), (2) and (3) and solving the
resulting set of equations, using conventional algorithms for solving

linear algebraic equations, gives
T AC = 4.3605 kN
T AD = 2.7720 kN
W = 8.41 kN 
113

PROBLEM 2.106
For the crate of Problem 2.105, determine the weight of the crate
knowing that the tension in cable AD is 2.8 kN.
Problem 2.105: The crate shown in Figure P2.105 and P2.108 is

supported by three cables. Determine the weight of the crate knowing that
the tension in cable AB is 3 kN.
SOLUTION
below:
−0.48T AB + 0.51948T AD = 0
0.8T AB + 0.88235TAC + 0.77922TAD − W = 0
−0.36T AB + 0.47059TAC − 0.35065T AD = 0
Substituting T AD = 2.8 kN in Equations (1), (2), and (3) above, and solving the resulting set of equations
using conventional algorithms, gives
T AB = 3.03 kN
T AC = 4.40 kN
W = 8.49 kN 
114

PROBLEM 2.107
For the crate of Problem 2.105, determine the weight of the crate
knowing that the tension in cable AC is 2.4 kN.
Problem 2.105: The crate shown in Figure P2.105 and P2.108 is

supported by three cables. Determine the weight of the crate knowing that
the tension in cable AB is 3 kN.
SOLUTION
below:
−0.48T AB + 0.51948T AD = 0
0.8T AB + 0.88235TAC + 0.77922TAD − W = 0
−0.36T AB + 0.47059TAC − 0.35065T AD = 0
Substituting T AC = 2.4 kN in Equations (1), (2), and (3) above, and solving the resulting set of equations
using conventional algorithms, gives
T AB = 1.651 kN
T AD = 1.526 kN
W = 4.63 kN 
115

PROBLEM 2.108
A 750-kg crate is supported by three cables as shown. Determine the

tension in each cable.
SOLUTION
below:
−0.48T AB + 0.51948T AD = 0
0.8T AB + 0.88235TAC + 0.77922TAD − W = 0
−0.36T AB + 0.47059TAC − 0.35065T AD = 0
Substituting W = ( 750 kg ) ( 9.81 m/s2 ) = 7.36 kN in Equations (1), (2), and (3) above, and solving the
resulting set of equations using conventional algorithms, gives
T AB = 2.63 kN 

T AC = 3.82 kN 
T AD = 2.43 kN 
116

PROBLEM 2.109
A force P is applied as shown to a uniform cone which is supported by

three cords, where the lines of action of the cords pass through the vertex
A of the cone. Knowing that P = 0 and that the tension in cord BE is
0.2 lb, determine the weight W of the cone.
SOLUTION
Note that because the line of action of each of the cords passes through the vertex A of the cone, the cords all
have the same length, and the unit vectors lying along the cords are parallel to the unit vectors lying along the
generators of the cone.
Thus, for example, the unit vector along BE is identical to the unit vector along the generator AB.
cos 45°i + 8j − sin 45°k

Hence: AB = BE
=
65
 cos
45°i + 8j − sin 45°k 
It follows that: T BE = TBE BE
= T BE  
 65 
 cos
30°i + 8j + sin 30°k 
TCF = TCF CF
= T CF
 
 65 
 − cos15°i + 8j − sin15°k 
T DG = TDG DG
= T DG
 
 65 
117

At A: ΣF = 0: T BE + TCF + TDG + W + P = 0
Then, isolating the factors of i, j, and k , we obtain three algebraic equations:
T BE TCF T DG

i: cos 45° + cos 30° − cos15° + P = 0
65 65 65
or T BE cos 45° + TCF cos 30° − TDG cos15° + P 65 = 0 (1)
8 8 8
j: T BE + TCF + TDG − W = 0
65 65 65
65
or T BE + TCF + TDG − W = 0 (2)
8
T BE TCF T DG

k : − sin 45° + sin 30° − sin15° = 0
65 65 65
or −T BE sin 45° + TCF sin 30° − T DG sin15° = 0 (3)
With P = 0 and the tension in cord BE = 0.2 lb:
Solving the resulting Equations (1), (2), and (3) using conventional methods in Linear Algebra (elimination,
matrix methods or iteration – with MATLAB or Maple, for example), we obtain:

T CF = 0.669 lb

T DG = 0.746 lb
W = lb 
1.603
118

PROBLEM 2.110

A of the cone. Knowing that the cone weighs 1.6 lb, determine the range
of values of P for which cord CF is taut.
SOLUTION
See Problem 2.109 for the Figure and the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3)
below:
i: T BE cos 45° + TCF cos 30° − TDG cos15° + 65 P = 0 (1)
65
j: T BE + TCF + TDG − W = 0 (2)
8
k : − T BE sin 45° + TCF sin 30° − T DG sin15° = 0 (3)
With W = 1.6 lb , the range of values of P for which the cord CF is taut can found by solving Equations (1),
(2), and (3) for the tension T CF as a function of P and requiring it to be positive (> 0).
Solving (1), (2), and (3) with unknown P , using conventional methods in Linear Algebra (elimination, matrix
methods or iteration – with MATLAB or Maple, for example), we obtain:
TCF = ( −1.729P + 0.668 ) lb
Hence, for
T CF > 0 −1.729 P + 0.668 > 0
or P < 0.386 lb
∴ 0 < P < 0.386

lb 
119

PROBLEM 2.111
A transmission tower is held by three guy wires attached to a pin at A and

anchored by bolts at B, C , and D. If the tension in wire AB is 3.6 kN,
determine the vertical force P exerted by the tower on the pin at A.
SOLUTION
The force in each cable can be written as the product of the magnitude of
the force and the unit vector along the cable. That is, with

AC = (18 m ) i − ( 30 m ) j + ( 5.4 m ) k
2 2 2
AC = (18 m ) + ( −30 m ) + ( 5.4 m ) = 35.4 m

AC T AC
T AC = T AC = T AC = (18 m ) i − ( 30 m ) j + ( 5.4 m ) k 
AC 35.4 m 
T AC = T AC ( 0.5085i − 0.8475j + 0.1525k )



and AB = − ( 6 m ) i − ( 30 m ) j + ( 7.5 m ) k
2 2 2
AB = ( −6 m ) + ( −30 m ) + ( 7.5 m ) = 31.5 m

AB T AB
T AB = T AB = T AB =  − ( 6 m ) i − ( 30 m ) j + ( 7.5 m ) k 
AB 31.5 m 
T AB = T AB ( −0.1905i − 0.9524 j + 0.2381k )


Finally AD = − ( 6 m ) i − ( 30 m ) j − ( 22.2 m ) k
2 2 2
AD = ( −6 m ) + ( −30 m ) + ( −22.2 m ) = 37.8 m

AD T AD
T AD = T = T AD =  − ( 6 m ) i − ( 30 m ) j − ( 22.2 m ) k 
37.8 m 
AD
AD
T AD = T AD ( −0.1587i − 0.7937 j − 0.5873k )
120

With P = Pj, at A :
ΣF = 0: T AB + TAC + TAD + P j = 0
Equating the factors of i, j, and k to zero, we obtain the linear algebraic
equations:
i : − 0.1905T AB + 0.5085TAC − 0.1587T AD = 0 (1)
j: − 0.9524T AB − 0.8475TAC − 0.7937TAD + P = 0 (2)
k : 0.2381T AB + 0.1525TAC − 0.5873T AD = 0 (3)
In Equations (1), (2) and (3), set T AB = 3.6 kN, and, using conventional
methods for solving Linear Algebraic Equations (MATLAB or Maple,
for example), we obtain:

T AC = 1.963 kN
T AD = 1.969 kN
P = 6.66 kN 
121

PROBLEM 2.112

anchored by bolts at B, C , and D. If the tension in wire AC is 2.6 kN,
determine the vertical force P exerted by the tower on the pin at A.
SOLUTION
Based on the results of Problem 2.111, particularly Equations (1), (2) and (3), we substitute T AC = 2.6 kN
and solve the three resulting linear equations using conventional tools for solving Linear Algebraic Equations
(MATLAB or Maple, for example), to obtain
T AB = 4.77 kN
T AD = 2.61 kN
P = 8.81 kN 
122

PROBLEM 2.113

the tension in cable AC is 15 lb, determine the weight of the plate.
SOLUTION
The (vector) force in each cable can be written as the product of the
(scalar) force and the unit vector along the cable. That is, with


AB = ( 32 in.) i − ( 48 in.) j + ( 36 in.) k
2 2 2
AB = ( −32 in.) + ( −48 in.) + ( 36 in.) = 68 in.


AB T AB
T AB = T AB = T AB = − ( 32 in.) i − ( 48 in.) j + ( 36 in.) k 
AB 68 in. 
T AB = T AB ( −0.4706i − 0.7059 j + 0.5294k )


and AC = ( 45 in.) i − ( 48 in.) j + ( 36 in.) k
2 2 2
AC = ( 45 in.) + ( −48 in.) + ( 36 in.) = 75 in.

AC T AC
T AC = T AC = T AC = ( 45 in.) i − ( 48 in.) j + ( 36 in.) k 
AC 75 in. 
T AC = T AC ( 0.60i − 0.64j + 0.48k )


Finally, AD = ( 25 in.) i − ( 48 in.) j − ( 36 in.) k
2 2 2
AD = ( 25 in.) + ( −48 in.) + ( −36 in.) = 65 in.
123



AD T AD
T AD = T AD = T AD = ( 25 in.) i − ( 48 in.) j − ( 36 in.) k 
AD 65 in. 
T AD = T AD ( 0.3846i − 0.7385j − 0.5538k )
With W = W j, at A we have:
ΣF = 0: T AB + TAC + TAD + W j = 0
Equating the factors of i, j, and k to zero, we obtain the linear algebraic
equations:
i : − 0.4706T AB + 0.60TAC − 0.3846T AD = 0 (1)
j: − 0.7059T AB − 0.64TAC − 0.7385TAD + W = 0 (2)
k : 0.5294T AB + 0.48TAC − 0.5538T AD = 0 (3)
In Equations (1), (2) and (3), set T AC = 15 lb, and, using conventional
methods for solving Linear Algebraic Equations (MATLAB or Maple,
for example), we obtain:
T AB = 136.0 lb
T AD = 143.0 lb
W = 211 lb 
124

PROBLEM 2.114

the tension in cable AD is 120 lb, determine the weight of the plate.
SOLUTION
Based on the results of Problem 2.111, particularly Equations (1), (2) and (3), we substitute T AD = 120 lb and
solve the three resulting linear equations using conventional tools for solving Linear Algebraic Equations
(MATLAB or Maple, for example), to obtain
T AC = 12.59 lb
T AB = 114.1 lb
W = 177.2 lb 
125

PROBLEM 2.115
A horizontal circular plate having a mass of 28 kg is suspended as shown

from three wires which are attached to a support D and form 30° angles
with the vertical. Determine the tension in each wire.
SOLUTION
Σ F x = 0: − TAD sin 30° sin 50° + T BD sin 30° cos 40°
+ T CD sin 30° cos 60° = 0

Dividing through by the factor sin 30° and evaluating the trigonometric
functions gives
−0.7660T AD + 0.7660TBD + 0.50T CD = 0 (1)
Similarly,
Σ F z = 0: TAD sin 30° cos 50° + T BD sin 30° sin 40°
− T CD sin 30° sin 60° = 0
or 0.6428T AD + 0.6428TBD − 0.8660T CD = 0 (2)
From (1) T AD = TBD + 0.6527T CD
Substituting this into (2):
T BD = 0.3573T CD (3)
Using T AD from above:
T AD = T CD (4)
Now,
Σ F y = 0: − TAD cos 30° − TBD cos 30° − T CD cos 30°
( )
+ ( 28 kg ) 9.81 m/s2 = 0
or T AD + TBD + T CD = 317.2 N
126

Using (3) and (4), above:
TCD + 0.3573TCD + T CD = 317.2 N
Then: T AD = 135.1 N 
T BD = 46.9 N 
T CD = 135.1 N 
127

PROBLEM 2.119

A of the cone. Knowing that the cone weighs 2.4 lb and that P = 0,
determine the tension in each cord.
SOLUTION
Note that because the line of action of each of the cords passes through the vertex A of the cone, the cords all
have the same length, and the unit vectors lying along the cords are parallel to the unit vectors lying along the
generators of the cone.
Thus, for example, the unit vector along BE is identical to the unit vector along the generator AB.
Hence:
cos 45°i + 8j − sin 45°k
AB = λ BE =
65
It follows that:
 cos
45°i + 8 j − sin 45°k 
T BE = TBE BE
= T BE  
 65 
 cos
30°i + 8j + sin 30°k 
TCF = TCF CF
= T CF
 
 65 
 − cos15°i + 8j − sin15°k 
T DG = TDG DG
= T DG
 
 65 
At A: ΣF = 0: T BE + TCF + TDG + W + P = 0
132

Then, isolating the factors if i, j, and k we obtain three algebraic equations:

T BE TCF T DG
i: cos 45° + cos 30° − cos15° = 0
65 65 65
or T BE cos 45° + TCF cos 30° − T DG cos15° = 0 (1)
8 8 8
j: T BE + TCF + TDG − W = 0
65 65 65
2.4
or T BE + TCF + T DG = 65 = 0.3 65 (2)
8
T BE TCF T DG
k : − sin 45° + sin 30° − sin15° − P = 0
65 65 65
or −T BE sin 45° + TCF sin 30° − TDG sin15° = P 65 (3)
With P = 0, the tension in the cords can be found by solving the resulting Equations (1), (2), and (3) using
conventional methods in Linear Algebra (elimination, matrix methods or iteration–with MATLAB or Maple,
for example). We obtain

T BE = 0.299 lb 

T CF = 1.002 lb 
T DG = 1.117 lb 
133

PROBLEM 2.120

A of the cone. Knowing that the cone weighs 2.4 lb and that P = 0.1 lb,
determine the tension in each cord.
SOLUTION
See Problem 2.121 for the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3) below:
T BE cos 45° + TCF cos 30° − T DG cos15° = 0 (1)
T BE + TCF + T DG = 0.3 65 (2)
−T BE sin 45° + TCF sin 30° − TDG sin15° = P 65 (3)
With P = 0.1lb, solving (1), (2), and (3), using conventional methods in Linear Algebra (elimination, matrix
methods or iteration–with MATLAB or Maple, for example), we obtain

T BE = 1.006 lb 
T CF = 0.357 lb 

T DG = 1.056 lb 
134

PROBLEM 2.121
Using two ropes and a roller chute, two workers are unloading a 200-kg
cast-iron counterweight from a truck. Knowing that at the instant shown
the counterweight is kept from moving and that the positions of points A,
B, and C are, respectively, A(0, –0.5 m, 1 m), B(–0.6 m, 0.8 m, 0), and
C (0.7 m, 0.9 m, 0), and assuming that no friction exists between the
counterweight and the chute, determine the tension in each rope. ( Hint:
Since there is no friction, the force exerted by the chute on the
counterweight must be perpendicular to the chute.)
SOLUTION
From the geometry of the chute:
N
N = ( 2 j + k ) = N ( 0.8944j + 0.4472k )
5
As in Problem 2.11, for example, the force in each rope can be written as
the product of the magnitude of the force and the unit vector along the
cable. Thus, with


AB = − ( 0.6 m ) i + (1.3 m ) j + (1 m ) k
2 2 2
AB = ( −0.6 m ) + (1.3 m ) + (1 m ) = 1.764 m


AB T
T AB = T AB = T AB = AB
 − ( 0.6 m ) i + (1.3 m ) j + (1 m ) k 
AB 1.764 m 
T AB = T AB ( −0.3436i + 0.7444j + 0.5726k )


and AC = ( 0.7 m ) i + (1.4 m ) j − (1 m ) k
2 2 2
AC = ( 0.7 m ) + (1.4 m ) + ( −1 m ) = 1.8574 m

AC T
T AC = T AC = T AC = AC
( 0.7 m ) i + (1.4 m ) j − (1 m ) k 
AC 1.764 m 
T AC = T AC ( 0.3769i + 0.7537j − 0.5384k )
Then: ΣF = 0: N + T AB + TAC + W = 0
135

With W = ( 200 kg )( 9.81 m/s ) = 1962 N, and equating the factors of i, j,
and k to zero, we obtain the linear algebraic equations:
i : − 0.3436T AB + 0.3769T AC = 0 (1)
j: 0.7444T AB + 0.7537TAC + 0.8944 N − 1962 = 0 (2)
k : − 0.5726T AB − 0.5384TAC + 0.4472 N = 0 (3)
Using conventional methods for solving Linear Algebraic Equations

(elimination, MATLAB or Maple, for example), we obtain
N = 1311 N
T
AB
= 551 N 
T
AC
= 503 N 
136

PROBLEM 2.122
Solve Problem 2.121 assuming that a third worker is exerting a force

P = −(180 N)i on the counterweight.
Problem 2.121: Using two ropes and a roller chute, two workers are
unloading a 200-kg cast-iron counterweight from a truck. Knowing that at
the instant shown the counterweight is kept from moving and that the
positions of points A, B, and C are, respectively, A(0, –0.5 m, 1 m),
B(–0.6 m, 0.8 m, 0), and C (0.7 m, 0.9 m, 0), and assuming that no friction
exists between the counterweight and the chute, determine the tension in
each rope. ( Hint: Since there is no friction, the force exerted by the chute
on the counterweight must be perpendicular to the chute.)
SOLUTION
From the geometry of the chute:
N
N = ( 2 j + k ) = N ( 0.8944j + 0.4472k )
5
As in Problem 2.11, for example, the force in each rope can be written as
the product of the magnitude of the force and the unit vector along the
cable. Thus, with


AB = − ( 0.6 m ) i + (1.3 m ) j + (1 m ) k
2 2 2
AB = ( −0.6 m ) + (1.3 m ) + (1 m ) = 1.764 m


AB T
− ( 0.6 m ) i + (1.3 m ) j + (1 m ) k 
AB 1.764 m 
T AB = T AB ( −0.3436i + 0.7444j + 0.5726k )


and AC = ( 0.7 m ) i + (1.4 m ) j − (1 m ) k
2 2 2
AC = ( 0.7 m ) + (1.4 m ) + ( −1 m ) = 1.8574 m

AC T
( 0.7 m ) i + (1.4 m ) j − (1 m ) k 
AC 1.764 m 
T AC = T AC ( 0.3769i + 0.7537j − 0.5384k )
Then: ΣF = 0: N + T AB + TAC + P + W = 0
137

Where P = − (180 N ) i
and W = − ( 200 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2  j

( )

= − (1962
N) j
Equating the factors of i, j, and k to zero, we obtain the linear equations:
i : − 0.3436T AB + 0.3769T AC − 180 = 0
j: 0.8944 N + 0.7444T AB + 0.7537T AC − 1962 = 0
k : 0.4472 N − 0.5726T AB − 0.5384T AC = 0
Using conventional methods for solving Linear Algebraic Equations

(elimination, MATLAB or Maple, for example), we obtain
N = 1302 N
T
AB
= 306 N 
T
AC
= 756 N 
138

PROBLEM 2.123
A piece of machinery of weight W is temporarily supported by cables AB,

AC , and ADE . Cable ADE is attached to the ring at A, passes over the
pulley at D and back through the ring, and is attached to the support at E .
Knowing that W = 320 lb, determine the tension in each cable. ( Hint:
The tension is the same in all portions of cable ADE .)
SOLUTION
The (vector) force in each cable can be written as the product of the (scalar) force and the unit vector along
the cable. That is, with

AB = − ( 9 ft ) i + (8 ft ) j − (12 ft ) k
2 2 2
AB = ( −9 ft ) + (8 ft ) + ( −12 ft ) = 17 ft


AB T
 − ( 9 ft ) i + (8 ft ) j − (12 ft ) k 
AB 17 ft 
T AB = T AB ( −0.5294i + 0.4706j − 0.7059k )
and

AC = ( 0 ) i + ( 8 ft ) j + ( 6 ft ) k
2 2 2
AC = ( 0 ft ) + ( 8 ft ) + (6 ft ) = 10 ft

AC T
( 0 ft ) i + ( 8 ft ) j + ( 6 ft ) k 
AC 10 ft 
T AC = T AC ( 0.8j + 0.6k )

and

AD = ( 4 ft ) i + (8 ft ) j − (1 ft ) k
2 2 2
AD = ( 4 ft ) + (8 ft ) + (−1 ft ) = 9 ft

AD T
T AD = T AD = T ADE = ADE
( 4 ft ) i + ( 8 ft ) j − (1 ft ) k 
AD 9 ft 
T AD = T ADE ( 0.4444i + 0.8889j − 0.1111k )
139

Finally,


AE = ( −8 ft ) i + (8 ft ) j + (4 ft ) k
2 2 2
AE = ( −8 ft ) + (8 ft ) + (4 ft ) = 12 ft


AE T
T AE = T AE = T ADE = ADE
( −8 ft ) i + (8 ft ) j + ( 4 ft ) k 
AE 12 ft 
T AE = T ADE ( −0.6667i + 0.6667 j + 0.3333k )
With the weight of the machinery, W = −W j, at A, we have:
ΣF = 0: T AB + TAC + 2TAD − W j = 0

Equating the factors of i, j, and k to zero, we obtain the following linear algebraic equations:
−0.5294T AB + 2 ( 0.4444TADE ) − 0.6667T ADE = 0 (1)
0.4706T AB + 0.8TAC + 2 ( 0.8889TADE ) + 0.6667TADE − W = 0 (2)
−0.7059T AB + 0.6TAC − 2 ( 0.1111TADE ) + 0.3333TADE = 0 (3)
Knowing that W = 320 lb, we can solve Equations (1), (2) and (3) using conventional methods for solving
Linear Algebraic Equations (elimination, matrix methods via MATLAB or Maple, for example) to obtain
T
AB
= 46.5 lb 
T
AC
= 34.2 lb 
T
ADE
= 110.8 lb 
140

PROBLEM 2.124
A piece of machinery of weight W is temporarily supported by cables AB,

AC , and ADE . Cable ADE is attached to the ring at A, passes over the
pulley at D and back through the ring, and is attached to the support at E .
Knowing that the tension in cable AB is 68 lb, determine (a) the tension
in AC , (b) the tension in ADE , (c) the weight W . ( Hint: The tension is the
same in all portions of cable ADE .)
SOLUTION
See Problem 2.123 for the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3), below:
−0.5294T AB + 2 ( 0.4444TADE ) − 0.6667T ADE = 0 (1)
0.4706T AB + 0.8TAC + 2 ( 0.8889TADE ) + 0.6667TADE − W = 0 (2)
−0.7059T AB + 0.6TAC − 2 ( 0.1111TADE ) + 0.3333TADE = 0 (3)
Knowing that the tension in cable AB is 68 lb, we can solve Equations (1), (2) and (3) using conventional
methods for solving Linear Algebraic Equations (elimination, matrix methods via MATLAB or Maple, for
example) to obtain
(a ) T
AC
= 50.0 lb 
(b) T
AE
= 162.0 lb 
(c) W = 468 lb 
141

PROBLEM 2.128
Solve Problem 2.127 assuming y = 550 mm.
Problem 2.127: Collars A and B are connected by a 1-m-long wire and

can slide freely on frictionless rods. If a force P = (680 N) j is applied at
A, determine (a) the tension in the wire when y = 300 mm, (b) the
magnitude of the force Q required to maintain the equilibrium of the
system.
SOLUTION
From the analysis of Problem 2.127, particularly the results:
y 2 + z 2 = 0.84 m 2
680 N
T AB =
y
680 N
Q = z
y
With y = 550 mm = 0.55 m, we obtain:
2
z 2 = 0.84 m2 − ( 0.55 m)

∴ z = 0.733 m
and
680 N
(a) T AB = = 1236.4 N
0.55
or T AB = 1.236 kN 
and
(b) Q = 1236 ( 0.866 ) N = 906 N
or Q = 0.906 kN 
147

PROBLEM 2.129
Member BD exerts on member ABC a force P directed along line BD.
Knowing that P must have a 300-lb horizontal component, determine
(a) the magnitude of the force P, (b) its vertical component.
SOLUTION
(a) P sin 35° = 300 1b
300 lb
P =
sin35°
P = 523 lb 
(b) Vertical Component
Pv = P cos35°
= ( 523 lb ) cos35°
P v = 428 lb 
148

PROBLEM 2.130
A container of weight W is suspended from ring A, to which cables AC
and AE are attached. A force P is applied to the end F of a third cable
which passes over a pulley at B and through ring A and which is attached
to a support at D. Knowing that W = 1000 N, determine the magnitude
of P. ( Hint: The tension is the same in all portions of cable FBAD.)
SOLUTION
The (vector) force in each cable can be written as the product of the (scalar) force and the unit vector along


AB = − ( 0.78 m ) i + (1.6 m ) j + ( 0 m ) k
2 2 2
AB = ( −0.78 m ) + (1.6 m ) + ( 0 ) = 1.78 m

AB T AB
T AB = T AB = T AB = − ( 0.78 m ) i + (1.6 m ) j + ( 0 m ) k 
AB 1.78 m 
T AB = T AB ( −0.4382i + 0.8989j + 0k )
and

AC = ( 0 ) i + (1.6 m ) j + (1.2 m ) k
2 2 2
AC = ( 0 m ) + (1.6 m ) + (1.2 m ) = 2m

AC T AC
T AC = T AC = T AC = ( 0 ) i + (1.6 m ) j + (1.2 m ) k 
AC 2m
T AC = T AC ( 0.8j + 0.6k )
and

AD = (1.3 m ) i + (1.6 m ) j + ( 0.4 m ) k
2 2 2
AD = (1.3 m ) + (1.6 m ) + ( 0.4 m ) = 2.1 m

AD T AD
T AD = T AD = T AD = (1.3 m ) i + (1.6 m ) j + ( 0.4 m ) k 
AD 2.1m 
T AD = T AD ( 0.6190i + 0.7619j + 0.1905k )
149

Finally,


AE = − ( 0.4 m ) i + (1.6 m ) j − ( 0.86 m ) k
2 2 2
AE = ( −0.4 m ) + (1.6 m ) + ( −0.86 m ) = 1.86 m


AE T AE
T AE = T AE = T AE =  − ( 0.4 m ) i + (1.6 m ) j − ( 0.86 m ) k 
AE 1.86 m 
T AE = T AE ( −0.2151i + 0.8602j − 0.4624k )
With the weight of the container W = −W j, at A we have:
ΣF = 0: T AB + TAC + TAD − W j = 0

Equating the factors of i, j, and k to zero, we obtain the following linear algebraic equations:
−0.4382T AB + 0.6190TAD − 0.2151T AE = 0 (1)
0.8989T AB + 0.8TAC + 0.7619TAD + 0.8602TAE − W = 0 (2)
0.6T AC + 0.1905TAD − 0.4624T AE = 0 (3)
Knowing that W = 1000 N and that because of the pulley system at B T AB = TAD = P , where P is the
externally applied (unknown) force, we can solve the system of linear equations (1), (2) and (3) uniquely
for P .
P = 378 N 
150

PROBLEM 2.131
A container of weight W is suspended from ring A, to which cables AC
and AE are attached. A force P is applied to the end F of a third cable
which passes over a pulley at B and through ring A and which is attached
to a support at D. Knowing that the tension in cable AC is 150 N,
determine (a) the magnitude of the force P, (b) the weight W of the
container. ( Hint: The tension is the same in all portions of cable FBAD.)
SOLUTION
Here, as in Problem 2.130, the support of the container consists of the four cables AE , AC , AD, and AB, with
the condition that the force in cables AB and AD is equal to the externally applied force P . Thus, with the
condition
T AB = TAD = P
and using the linear algebraic equations of Problem 2.131 with T AC
= 150 N, we obtain
(a ) P = 454 N 
(b) W = 1202 N 
151

PROBLEM 2.125
A container of weight W is suspended from ring A. Cable BAC passes
through the ring and is attached to fixed supports at B and C . Two forces
P = P i and Q = Qk are applied to the ring to maintain the container is
the position shown. Knowing that W = 1200 N, determine P and Q.
( Hint: The tension is the same in both portions of cable BAC .)
SOLUTION
The (vector) force in each cable can be written as the product of the
(scalar) force and the unit vector along the cable. That is, with


AB = − ( 0.48 m ) i + ( 0.72 m ) j − ( 0.16 m ) k
2 2 2
AB = ( −0.48 m ) + ( 0.72 m ) + ( −0.16 m ) = 0.88 m


AB T AB
T AB = T AB = T AB =  − ( 0.48 m ) i + ( 0.72 m ) j − ( 0.16 m ) k 
AB 0.88 m 
T AB = T AB ( −0.5455i + 0.8182 j − 0.1818k )
and

AC = ( 0.24 m ) i + ( 0.72 m ) j − ( 0.13 m ) k
2 2 2
AC = ( 0.24 m ) + ( 0.72 m ) − ( 0.13 m ) = 0.77 m

AC T AC
T AC = T AC = T AC = ( 0.24 m ) i + ( 0.72 m ) j − ( 0.13 m ) k 
AC 0.77 m 
T AC = T AC ( 0.3177i + 0.9351j − 0.1688k )
At A: ΣF = 0: T AB + TAC + P + Q + W = 0
142

Noting that T AB = T AC because of the ring A, we equate the factors of
i, j, and k to zero to obtain the linear algebraic equations:
i: ( −0.5455 + 0.3177 ) T + P = 0
or P = 0.2338T
j: ( 0.8182 + 0.9351) T − W = 0
or W = 1.7532T
k : ( −0.1818 − 0.1688 ) T + Q = 0

or Q = 0.356T
With W = 1200 N:
1200 N
T = = 684.5 N
1.7532
P = 160.0 N 
Q = 240 N 
143

PROBLEM 2.126
For the system of Problem 2.125, determine W and P knowing that
Q = 160 N.
Problem 2.125: A container of weight W is suspended from ring A.

Cable BAC passes through the ring and is attached to fixed supports at B
and C . Two forces P = P i and Q = Qk are applied to the ring to
maintain the container is the position shown. Knowing that W = 1200 N,
determine P and Q. ( Hint: The tension is the same in b oth portions of
cable BAC .)
SOLUTION
Based on the results of Problem 2.125, particularly the three equations relating P , Q, W, and T we substitute
Q = 160 N to obtain
160 N
T = = 456.3 N
0.3506
W = 800 N 
P = 107.0 N 
144

PROBLEM 2.127
Collars A and B are connected by a 1-m-long wire and can slide freely on

frictionless rods. If a force P = (680 N) j is applied at A, determine
(a) the tension in the wire when y = 300 mm, (b) the magnitude of the
force Q required to maintain the equilibrium of the system.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagrams of collars For both Problems 2.127 and 2.128:

2
( AB ) = x 2 + y 2 + z 2
2 2
Here (1 m ) = ( 0.40 m ) + y 2 + z 2
or y 2 + z 2 = 0.84 m 2
Thus, with y given, z is determined.

Now


AB 1
AB = = ( 0.40i − yj + zk ) m = 0.4i − yk + z k
AB 1m
Where y and z are in units of meters, m.

From the F.B. Diagram of collar A:
ΣF = 0: N xi + N zk + Pj + T AB AB =0
Setting the j coefficient to zero gives:
P − yT AB = 0
With P = 680 N,
680 N
T AB =
y
Now, from the free body diagram of collar B:

ΣF = 0: N xi + N y j + Qk − T AB AB = 0
145

Setting the k coefficient to zero gives:
Q − T AB z = 0
And using the above result for T AB we have
680 N
Q = T AB z = z
y
Then, from the specifications of the problem, y = 300 mm = 0.3 m

2
z 2 = 0.84 m 2 − ( 0.3 m )
∴ z = 0.866 m
and
680 N
(a) T AB = = 2266.7 N
0.30
or T AB = 2.27 kN 
and
(b) Q = 2266.7 ( 0.866 ) = 1963.2 N
or Q = 1.963 kN 
146

PROBLEM 2.116

anchored by bolts at B, C , and D. Knowing that the tower exerts on the
pin at A an upward vertical force of 8 kN, determine the tension in each
wire.
SOLUTION
From the solutions of 2.111 and 2.112:
T AB = 0.5409P
T AC = 0.295P
T AD = 0.2959P
Using P = 8 kN:
T AB = 4.33 kN 
=
T AC 2.36 kN 
T AD = 2.37 kN 
128

PROBLEM 2.117
For the rectangular plate of Problems 2.113 and 2.114, determine the
tension in each of the three cables knowing that the weight of the plate is
180 lb.
SOLUTION
From the solutions of 2.113 and 2.114:
T AB = 0.6440P
T AC = 0.0709P
T AD = 0.6771P
Using P = 180 lb:
T AB = 115.9 lb 
=
T AC 12.76 lb 
T AD = 121.9 lb 
129

PROBLEM 2.118
For the cone of Problem 2.110, determine the range of values of P for
which cord DG is taut if P is directed in the – x direction.
SOLUTION
From the solutions to Problems 2.109 and 2.110, have
T BE + TCF + T DG = 0.2 65 (2′)
−T BE sin 45° + TCF sin 30° − T DG sin15° = 0 (3)
T BE cos 45° + TCF cos 30° − TDG cos15° − P 65 = 0 (1′ )
Applying the method of elimination to obtain a desired result:
Multiplying (2′) by sin 45° and adding the result to (3):
TCF ( sin 45° + sin 30° ) + T ( sin 45° − sin15° ) =

DG
0.2 65 sin 45°
or TCF = 0.9445 − 0.3714T DG (4)
Multiplying (2′) by sin30° and subtracting (3) from the result:
T BE ( sin 30° + sin 45° ) + T ( sin 30° + sin15° ) =

DG
0.2 65 sin 30°
or T BE = 0.6679 − 0.6286T DG (5)
130

′ :
Substituting (4) and (5) into (1)
1.2903 − 1.7321T DG − P 65 = 0
1.2903
∴ T DG is taut for P < lb
65
or 0 ≤ P < 0.1600 lb 
131

PROBLEM 2.132
Two cables tied together at C are loaded as shown. Knowing that

Q = 60 lb, determine the tension (a) in cable AC , (b) in cable BC .
SOLUTION
Σ F y = 0: TCA − Q cos 30° = 0
With Q = 60 lb
(a) T CA = ( 60 lb )( 0.866 )
T CA = 52.0 lb 
(b) Σ F x = 0: P − TCB − Q sin 30° = 0
With P = 75 lb
T CB = 75 lb − ( 60 lb )( 0.50 )
or T CB = 45.0 lb 
152

PROBLEM 2.133
Two cables tied together at C are loaded as shown. Determine the range
of values of Q for which the tension will not exceed 60 lb in either cable.
SOLUTION
Have Σ F x = 0: TCA − Q cos 30° = 0
or T CA = 0.8660 Q
Then for T CA ≤ 60 lb
0.8660Q < 60 lb
or Q ≤ 69.3 lb
From Σ F y = 0: TCB = P − Q sin 30°
or TCB = 75 lb − 0.50Q
For T CB ≤ 60 lb
75 lb − 0.50Q ≤ 60 lb
or 0.50Q ≥ 15 lb
Thus, Q ≥ 30 lb
Therefore, 30.0 ≤ Q ≤ 69.3 lb 
153

PROBLEM 2.134
A welded connection is in equilibrium under the action of the four forces

shown. Knowing that F A = 8 kN and F
B = 16 kN, determine the
magnitudes of the other two forces.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram of 3 3
Connection
Σ F x = 0: FB − FC − F A = 0
5 5
With F A = 8 kN, F B = 16 kN
4 4
F C = (16 kN ) − ( 8 kN )
5 5
F C = 6.40 kN 
3 3
Σ F y = 0: − FD + FB − F A = 0
5 5
With F
A and F
B as above:
3 3
D =
F (16 kN ) − (8 kN )
5 5
D = 4.80 kN 
F
154

PROBLEM 2.135
A welded connection is in equilibrium under the action of the four forces

shown. Knowing that F A = 5 kN and F
D = 6 kN, determine the
magnitudes of the other two forces.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram of 3 3
Connection
Σ F y = 0: − FD − FA + F B = 0
5 5
3
or F B = FD + F A
5
With F A = 5 kN, F D = 8 kN
5 3 
B =
F 6 kN + ( 5 kN )
3  5 
B = 15.00 kN 
F
4 4
Σ F x = 0: − FC + FB − F A = 0
5 5
4
FC = ( FB − F A )
5
4
= (15 kN − 5 kN )
5
F C = 8.00 kN 
155

PROBLEM 2.136
Collar A is connected as shown to a 50-lb load and can slide on a

frictionless horizontal rod. Determine the magnitude of the force P
required to maintain the equilibrium of the collar when ( a) x = 4.5 in.,
(b) x = 15 in.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram of Collar (a) Triangle Proportions
4.5
Σ F x = 0: − P + ( 50 lb ) = 0
20.5
or P = 10.98 lb 
(b) Triangle Proportions
15
Σ F x = 0: − P + ( 50 lb ) = 0
25
or P = 30.0 lb 
156

PROBLEM 2.137
Collar A is connected as shown to a 50-lb load and can slide on a

frictionless horizontal rod. Determine the distance x for which the collar
is in equilibrium when P = 48 lb.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram of Collar
Triangle Proportions
50 xˆ
Hence: Σ F x = 0: − 48 + = 0
400 + xˆ 2
48
or xˆ = 400 + xˆ 2
50
(
xˆ 2 = 0.92 lb 400 + xˆ 2 )
xˆ 2 = 4737.7 in 2
xˆ = 68.6 in. 
157

PROBLEM 2.138
A frame ABC is supported in part by cable DBE which passes through a

frictionless ring at B. Knowing that the tension in the cable is 385 N,
determine the components of the force exerted by the cable on the
support at D.
SOLUTION
The force in cable DB can be written as the product of the magnitude of the force and the unit vector along the
cable. That is, with

DB = ( 480 mm ) i − ( 510 mm ) j + ( 320 mm ) k
2 2 2
DB = ( 480) + ( 510) + ( 320) = 770 mm

DB 385 N
F = F DB = F = ( 480 mm ) i − ( 510 mm ) j + ( 320 mm ) k 
DB 770 mm 
F = ( 240 N ) i − ( 255 N ) j + (160 N ) k
F x = +240 N, Fy = −255 N, F z = + 160.0 N 
158

PROBLEM 2.139
A frame ABC is supported in part by cable DBE which passes through a

frictionless ring at B. Determine the magnitude and direction of the
resultant of the forces exerted by the cable at B knowing that the tension
in the cable is 385 N.
SOLUTION
The force in each cable can be written as the product of the magnitude of the force and the unit vector along

BD = − ( 0.48 m ) i + ( 0.51 m ) j − ( 0.32 m ) k
2 2 2
BD = ( −0.48 m ) + ( 0.51 m ) + ( −0.32 m ) = 0.77 m

BD T
T BD = T BD = T BD = BD
 − ( 0.48 m ) i + ( 0.51 m ) j − ( 0.32 m ) k 
BD 0.77 m 
T BD = T BD ( −0.6234i + 0.6623j − 0.4156k )
and

BE = − ( 0.27 m ) i + ( 0.40 m ) j − ( 0.6 m ) k
2 2 2
BE = ( −0.27 m ) + ( 0.40 m ) + ( −0.6 m ) = 0.770 m

BD T
T BE = T BE = T BE = BE
− ( 0.26 m ) i + ( 0.40 m ) j − ( 0.6 m ) k 
BD 0.770 m 
T BE = T BE ( −0.3506i + 0.5195j − 0.7792k )
Now, because of the frictionless ring at B, T BE = T BD = 385 N and the force on the support due to the two
cables is
F = 385 N ( −0.6234i + 0.6623j − 0.4156k − 0.3506i + 0.5195j − 0.7792k )
= − ( 375 N ) i + ( 455 N ) j − ( 460 N ) k
159

The magnitude of the resultant is
2 2 2
F = F x2 + Fy2 + F z 2 = ( −375 N ) + ( 455 N ) + ( −460 N ) = 747.83 N
or F = 748 N 
The direction of this force is:
−375
θ x = cos−1 or θ x = 120.1° 
747.83
455
θ y = cos−1 or θ y = 52.5° 
747.83
−460
θ z = cos−1 or θ z = 128.0° 
747.83
160

PROBLEM 2.140
A steel tank is to be positioned in an excavation. Using trigonometry,

determine (a) the magnitude and direction of the smallest force P for
which the resultant R of the two forces applied at A is vertical, (b) the
SOLUTION
Force Triangle (a) For minimum P it must be perpendicular to the vertical resultant R
∴ P = ( 425 lb ) cos30°
or P = 368 lb 
(b) R = ( 425 lb ) sin30°
or R = 213 lb 
161

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Two forces are applied to an eye bolt fastened to a beam. Determine

We measure: α = 51.3°, β = 59°

We measure: R = 575 N, α = 67°

We measure: R = 37 lb, α = 76°

We measure: R = 61.5 lb, α = 86.5°

Graphically, by the triangle law

We measure: F 2 ≅ 108 N

By trigonometry: Law of Sines

α = 90° − 28° = 62°, β = 180° − 62° − 38° = 80°

or (a) F 2 = 107.6 N 

Using the Law of Sines

α = 90° − 10° = 80°, β = 180° − 80° − 38° = 62°

or (a) F 1 = 89.2 N 

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines

Then: α + β + 40° = 180°

(b) Using the Law of Sines:

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines

sin α = 0.3857

(b) α + β + 40° = 180°

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines

Have: α = 180° − ( 35° + 25° )

or (a) P = 489 N 

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines

sin α = 0.68829

(b) β = 180 − ( 35° + 43.5° )

Two forces are applied as shown to a hook support. Using trigonometry

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines

sin α = 0.71428

(b) β = 180° − ( 30° + 45.6° )

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines

(b) β = 180° − (15° + 30° )

For the hook support of Problem 2.11, determine, using trigonometry,

Then: (a) P = ( 360 N) sin35°

And: (b) R = ( 360 N ) cos35°

Using the force triangle and the Law of Cosines

= 100 + 400 − 400 ( −0.342 ) lb 2

Using now the Law of Sines

So: β = 21.87°

Angle of inclination of R, φ is then such that:

Hence: R = 25.2 lb 8.13° 

Solve Problem 2.1 using trigonometry

We have: α = 180° − ( 50° + 25° )

Solve Problem 2.2 using trigonometry

From the geometry of the problem:

Now: θ = 180° − ( 38.66 + 30.96° ) = 110.38

Using the Law of Sines:

Solve Problem 2.3 using trigonometry

γ = 180° − (15° + 30° )

Then: α + β + 75° = 180°

We have: γ = 180° − ( 45° + 25° ) = 110°

Hence: φ = α + 45° = 72.028°

We have: γ = 180° − ( 45° + 25° ) = 110°

Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.

x = + ( 20 kN ) cos 40°,

y = + ( 20 kN ) sin 40°,

x = − ( 30 kN ) cos 70°,

y = + ( 30 kN ) sin 70°,

x = − ( 42 kN ) cos 20°,

y = + ( 42 kN ) sin 20°,

Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.

y = − ( 40 lb ) cos 50°,

x = + ( 60 lb ) cos 60°,

y = − ( 60 lb ) sin 60°,