Learn To Speak Spanish Workbook

Workbook
The Complete Language Learning System Donna Deans Binkowski, Ph.D. Eduardo A. Febles, M.A. Daniela Melis, M.A.
Based on original content by: Cynthia Duncan, Ph.D. Charles J. Bruno, Ph.D. Martin P. Rice, Ph.D.
2005 eLanguage, LLC, and its licensors. Uses Bink Video. Copyright 1997-2003 by RAD Game Tools, Inc. Photos 1999 Corel Corporation. Adobe Acrobat 2002 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All rights reserved by their respective parties. Speech recognition is provided by Scansoft, Inc. eLanguage and Learn To Speak are trademarks or registered trademarks of eLanguage, LLC. QuickTime and the QuickTime logo are trademarks used under license. The QuickTime logo is registered in the U.S. and other countries. Adobe and Acrobat are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Microsoft, Windows and the Windows logo are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Pentium is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Images copyright 1999 PhotoDisc, Inc. .
LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH
How To Use Your Workbook

The Learn To Speak program will be your principal tool for gaining listening comprehension and conversation skills, but this text can serve as a handy reference tool for vocabulary and grammar questions, as an aid during your conversations with the onscreen characters, and as a workbook for reviewing and practicing grammar. The text is organized into eight major sections which have been marked by tabs to facilitate access: Basic Expressions contains all the expressions introduced in the Basics Course of the program. Use this section to review and practice common phrases. You may also want to refer to this section as you practice branching Conversations with onscreen characters. Story and Action contains the dialogues from all the lessons in the Comprehensive Courses. Use this section to review the dialogues and to practice your reading skills. You may also want to refer to this section as you practice branching Conversations with onscreen characters. Grammar contains a reference grammar. The content of the grammar largely coincides with the content and organization of the Grammar Guide in the program. Use this section to learn about specific grammar points, such as the Present Tense of Regular Verbs, or to review entire categories, such as Verbs or Nouns. Exercises contains exercises for selected grammar points. The exercises are drawn from the program content, but have been modified to fit a textual format. Use this section to practice your grammar when you are unable to use the program, and to see where you need more practice. Answer Key contains the answers to the exercises. Appendices contains handy grammar charts and a grammar glossary. Vocabulary contains the vocabulary from your Learn To Speak program. It is arranged alphabetically according to the foreign language. Indices contains alphabetical indices of selected grammar points and the Story and Action dialogues.
Contents
Basic Phrases ....................................................................... 1
GREETINGS AND FAREWELLS .....................................................................1 GETTING INFORMATION ............................................................................2 INTRODUCTIONS .......................................................................................3 GETTING ACQUAINTED ..............................................................................3 MAKING FRIENDS .....................................................................................5
Story and Action Dialogues .................................................. 7

TRAVEL ......................................................................................................7 Exchanging Money at the Bank ................................................................................................. 7 Taking a Taxi .............................................................................................................................. 8 Checking into a Hotel ................................................................................................................. 9 Room Service ........................................................................................................................... 10 Asking for Directions ............................................................................................................... 11 Planning a Trip ......................................................................................................................... 12 Making Travel Reservations ..................................................................................................... 14 Going to Lunch ......................................................................................................................... 16 Buying Presents ........................................................................................................................ 17 At the Airport ............................................................................................................................ 18 BUSINESS ................................................................................................20 Making a Long Distance Phone Call ........................................................................................ 20 Making a Local Phone Call ...................................................................................................... 21 Going to Dinner ........................................................................................................................ 22 Finding an Office ...................................................................................................................... 23 Greetings and Introductions ..................................................................................................... 24 Making an Appointment ........................................................................................................... 25 Banking .................................................................................................................................... 27 Planning an Evening Out .......................................................................................................... 28 EVERYDAY LIFE ........................................................................................29 At a Party .................................................................................................................................. 29 Going to a Pharmacy ................................................................................................................ 30 Going to the Doctor .................................................................................................................. 31 Going to the Dry Cleaner ......................................................................................................... 32
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Finding an Apartment ............................................................................................................... 34 Talking About Going Shopping ................................................................................................ 35 Going to the Market ................................................................................................................. 36 Talking to the Maid .................................................................................................................. 37 Talking About Buying Clothing ............................................................................................... 38 At the Gas Station ..................................................................................................................... 40 Talking About Family ............................................................................................................... 41 Going to the Beauty Salon ........................................................................................................ 42
Grammar Topics ................................................................ 43

NOUNS ...................................................................................................43 Gender of Nouns ...................................................................................................................... 43 Plural of Nouns ......................................................................................................................... 43 Definite and Indefinite Articles ................................................................................................ 43 Contractions Del and Al ........................................................................................................... 44 PRONOUNS ............................................................................................45 Subject Pronouns ...................................................................................................................... 45 Use of Subject Pronouns .......................................................................................................... 45 Formal and Informal You ...................................................................................................... 45 Direct Object Pronouns ............................................................................................................ 46 Indirect Object Pronouns .......................................................................................................... 46 Placement of Object Pronouns ................................................................................................. 47 Sequence of Object Pronouns ................................................................................................... 47 Some Uses of Se ....................................................................................................................... 48 Some Uses of Lo ...................................................................................................................... 48 Possessive Pronouns ................................................................................................................. 48 ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS ..........................................................................50 Agreement of Adjectives .......................................................................................................... 50 Placement of Adjectives ........................................................................................................... 50 Possessive Adjectives ............................................................................................................... 50 Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns .................................................................................. 51 Formation of Adverbs ............................................................................................................... 52 Placement of Adverbs ............................................................................................................... 52 Mucho, Muy, and Poco ............................................................................................................. 53 Comparisons of Equality .......................................................................................................... 53 Comparisons of Inequality ....................................................................................................... 54 Interrogative Words .................................................................................................................. 54 Negative and Indefinite Words ................................................................................................. 55
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Contents
VERBS .....................................................................................................56 Present Tense Indicative: Regular Verbs .................................................................................. 56 Common Regular Verbs ........................................................................................................... 57 Stem-Changing Verbs ............................................................................................................... 57 Stem-Changing Verbs: Present Tense ....................................................................................... 58 More Stem-Changing Verbs ..................................................................................................... 58 Irregular Verbs in the Present Tense ......................................................................................... 59 Ser and Estar (to be) ................................................................................................................. 59 Some Uses of Ser and Estar ..................................................................................................... 59 The Verb Gustar ........................................................................................................................ 60 Verbs Like Gustar ..................................................................................................................... 61 Saber vs. Conocer ..................................................................................................................... 62 Pedir vs. Preguntar ................................................................................................................... 62 Hacer (to do, make) .................................................................................................................. 63 The Meaning of Hay ................................................................................................................. 63 Some Idioms with Tener ........................................................................................................... 64 Some Uses of Hace ................................................................................................................... 65 Reflexive Verbs and Pronouns .................................................................................................. 65 Common Reflexive Verbs ......................................................................................................... 66 Reciprocal Actions ................................................................................................................... 66 Present Progressive ................................................................................................................... 67 Preterite of Regular Verbs ........................................................................................................ 67 Preterite of Irregular Verbs ....................................................................................................... 67 Some Spelling Changes in the Preterite ................................................................................... 68 Imperfect Tense ........................................................................................................................ 69 Preterite vs. Imperfect .............................................................................................................. 70 Past Participle ........................................................................................................................... 70 Some Irregular Past Participles ................................................................................................ 71 Present Perfect Tense ................................................................................................................ 71 Informal T Commands ........................................................................................................... 72 Irregular T Commands ........................................................................................................... 72 Formal Commands ................................................................................................................... 72 How to Talk About the Future .................................................................................................. 73 Some Irregular Verbs in the Future Tense ................................................................................ 74 Conditional Tense ..................................................................................................................... 75 Some Irregular Verbs in the Conditional Tense ........................................................................ 75 Formation of the Present Subjunctive ...................................................................................... 76 Spelling Changes in the Present Subjunctive ........................................................................... 77 Present Subjunctive of Irregular Verbs ..................................................................................... 78 Subjunctive After Impersonal Expressions .............................................................................. 78
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Subjunctive After Verbs of Emotion ......................................................................................... 79 Subjunctive After Verbs of Willing .......................................................................................... 79 Subjunctive in Adverbial Clauses ............................................................................................. 80 Subjunctive in Expressions of Doubt ....................................................................................... 80 PREPOSITIONS ........................................................................................81 Some Useful Prepositions ........................................................................................................ 81 Some Verbs that Require Prepositions ..................................................................................... 81 Some Uses of Para .................................................................................................................... 82 Some Uses of Por ..................................................................................................................... 82 EXPRESSIONS ..........................................................................................83 Yes / No Questions ................................................................................................................ 83 Ways to Express Polite Requests .............................................................................................. 83 Greetings and Polite Expressions ............................................................................................. 84 Introducing People ................................................................................................................... 85 TIME .......................................................................................................86 Telling Time.............................................................................................................................. 86 Days of the Week ...................................................................................................................... 86 Dates, Seasons, Months of the Year ......................................................................................... 87 Holidays and Special Occasions ............................................................................................... 88 NUMBERS ...............................................................................................89 Numbers 1100 ........................................................................................................................ 89 Numbers Above 100 ................................................................................................................. 90 Ordinal Numbers ...................................................................................................................... 90
Grammar Exercises ............................................................ 91 Exercise Answers ............................................................. 113 Vocabulary ...................................................................... 121 Appendices ...................................................................... 139
APPENDIX A: VERB REVIEW ...................................................................139 APPENDIX B: GRAMMAR GLOSSARY ......................................................151
Indices ............................................................................. 161

DIALOGUES INDEX ................................................................................161 GRAMMAR INDEX .................................................................................162
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Basics
Basic Phrases
Basic Phrases
GREETINGS AND FAREWELLS
Greetings
Hola. Buenos das. Buenas tardes. Hi./Hello. Good morning. Good afternoon.
Asking and Answering the Question How are you?

Cmo est? Cmo ests? Qu tal? Muy bien, gracias. Ms o menos. Bastante bien. Estoy bien. Y usted? Y t? How are you? (formal) How are you? (informal) How's it going? (informal) Fine, thanks. OK. Pretty good. I'm all right. And you? (formal) And you? (informal)
Farewells
Hasta luego. Adis. Nos vemos. Bueno, ya me tengo que ir. Buenas noches. Bye. Good bye. See you later. Well, I have to go now Good night.
Basics
GETTING INFORMATION
Excusing Yourself
Disculpe. Lo siento. Perdone? Excuse me. I'm sorry. Pardon me?
Asking for Help

Dnde est el correo? Est all. Qu quiere decir "limpiaparabrisas"? Quiere decir "windshield wiper." Qu es esto? Es una mquina de boletos. Cmo se dice "I love you" en espaol? Te quiero. Usted habla muy bien el espaol. Podra hablar ms despacio, por favor? No entiendo. Habla usted ingls? Where is the post office? It's over there. What does "windshield wiper" mean? It means "windshield wiper." What is this? This is a ticket dispenser. How do you say "I love you" in Spanish? "I love you." Your Spanish is very good. Could you speak more slowly, please? I don't understand. Do you speak English?
Please, Thank you, and Other Important Expressions

Un poco. Por supuesto! S. No. No s. Por favor. Gracias. De nada. No hay problema. De acuerdo. Bueno 2 A little. Sure. Yes. No. I dont know. Please. Thank you. You're welcome. No problem. OK; all right. Well...
Basics
Basic Phrases
INTRODUCTIONS
Introducing and Being Introduced
sta es la Seora Gutirrez. Me gustara presentarte a algunos de mis amigos. Mucho gusto. El gusto es mo. Conoce a Mara? Conoces a Mara? Encantado/a. Soy Miguel. Cmo se llama usted? Me llamo Mara. Cmo te llamas? Podemos tutearnos, no? Ha sido un placer. This is Ms. Gutirrez. I'd like you (informal) to meet some of my friends. Nice to meet you. My pleasure. Do you (formal) know Mary? Do you (informal) know Mary? How do you do. I'm Michael. What's your name (formal)? My name is Mary. Whats your name (informal)? We dont have to be so formal, do we? It was nice meeting you.
GETTING ACQUAINTED
Talking about Your Country of Origin
De dnde eres? Soy de los Estados Unidos. Soy de Francia. Soy de Mxico. Eres americano/a? S. No, soy canadiense. Where are you from? I'm from the United States. Im from France. Im from Mexico. Are you American? Yes, I am. No, I'm Canadian.
Telling Someone How Long Youre Staying

Cunto tiempo te piensas quedar aqu? Dos semanas. Slo por unos das. Un mes. How long are you staying? Two weeks. Just a few days. One month.
Basics
Talking about How You Like the Country

Te gusta aqu? Me encanta! Es estupendo! Pues, no tanto. How do you (informal) like it here? I love it. It's great. Well, not so much.
Talking about Work

En qu trabajas? Soy ingeniero/a. Trabajo con computadoras. Cuido a mis tres hijos. Soy modelo. Eres muy bonita! Eres muy guapo! Te gusta tu trabajo? Me encanta. Qu va! Es aburridsimo. Ms o menos. What do you do? I'm an engineer. I work with computers. I take care of my three kids. I'm a model. You're very beautiful. Youre very handsome. Do you like your job? I love it. Not really...it's boring. It's all right.
Talking about School

Eres estudiante? S, estudio administracin de empresas. Qu estudias? Estoy en la facultad de derecho Biologa. Are you a student? I'm a Business major. What are you studying? I'm in law school. Biology.
Talking about Leisure Activities

Para divertirte, qu haces? Me gusta dar excursiones a pie. Me encanta viajar. Escucho msica. Qu tipo de msica te gusta escuchar? Me gusta todo tipo de msica menos la opra. Me encanta el jazz. Y a ti, qu te gusta? 4 What do you do for fun? I like to go hiking. I love to travel. I listen to music. What kind of music do you like? I like all music except opera. I'm into jazz. How about you?
Basics
Basic Phrases
Te gustan los deportes? S, me gustan. No, no me gustan. Me gusta jugar al tenis.
Do you like sports? Yes, I do. No, I don't. I like to play tennis.
MAKING FRIENDS
Expressing Interest
De veras? Qu bien! Qu lstima! A m tambin. Really? That sounds great. Too bad. Me too.
Offering and Asking for Something to Drink

Tienes sed? Qu deseas tomar? Te gustara tomar algo? No, pero tengo hambre. Una cerveza, por favor. Un caf, por favor. Yo no quiero nada, gracias. Are you thirsty? What would you like to drink? Would you like something to drink? No, but I'm hungry. I'd like a beer, please. A cup of coffee, please. Nothing for me.
Finding Out Who Someone Is

Quin es se? Es el jefe de la compaa. Who is that? Thats the president of the company.
Finding Out about Marital Status

Ests casado/a? Por qu preguntas? Por curiosidad. No, no estoy casado/a. No, soy soltero/a. S, felizmente casado/a. Are you married? Why do you ask? I'm just curious. No, I'm not. (married) No, I'm single. Yes, and very happily.
Basics
Talking about Family

Tienes hijos? Tienes hermanos? S, tengo una hija. No, pero me gustara tener algn da. Tengo una hermana menor. Do you have kids? Do you have any brothers or sisters? Yes, a daughter. No, but I'd like to someday. I have a younger sister.
Asking about Age

Cuntos aos tienes? Veintids. Tengo treinta y un aos. Cumplir diecisiete el mes prximo. Adivina. How old are you? Twenty-two. I'm thirty-one years old. I'll be seventeen next month. Guess.
Asking Someone for a Date

Te gustara salir conmigo uno de estos das? Te gustara jugar al tenis conmigo uno de estos das? Qu tal maana? Vamos a comer algo. Would you like to go out sometime? Would you like to play tennis with me sometime? How about tomorrow? Let's go get something to eat.
Travel
Story and Action Dialogues

TRAVEL
Exchanging Money at the Bank
Story
Spanish
Karen Mario Empleada Karen Cajero Cajero Karen Cajero Karen Necesito cambiar dlares por pesos. Dnde est la oficina de cambio? La oficina de cambio est a la vuelta. Necesito cambiar unos dlares. Cuntos quiere cambiar? El cambio est a tres pesos por dlar. Treinta dlares. Cmo los quiere? En billetes grandes, por favor.
Dialogues
English
I need to change dollars for pesos. Where is the exchange office? The exchange office is around the corner. I need to change some dollars. How many do you want to change? The exchange rate is three pesos to the dollar. Thirty dollars. How do you want them? In large bills, please.
Action
Spanish
Thomas Empleada Thomas Empleada Thomas Thomas Cajero Thomas Cajero Perdn, seora. Dgame? Dnde puedo cambiar unos dlares? La oficina de cambio est a la vuelta. Gracias. Seor, necesito cambiar unos dlares. Cuntos? Treinta dlares. El cambio est a tres pesos por dlar. Entonces, son noventa pesos. Cmo los quiere? En billetes grandes, por favor. Aqu tiene. Muchas gracias.
English
Excuse me, maam.. May I help you? Where can I change some money? The exchange office is right around the corner. Thanks. Sir, I need to change some dollars. How many? Thirty dollars. The exchange rate is three pesos to the dollar. So, that makes ninety pesos. How do you want them? In large bills, please. Here you are. Thank you very much.
Thomas Cajero Thomas
Taking a Taxi
Dialogues
Story
Spanish
Mario Mario Taxista Mario Taxista Mario Taxista Mario Taxista Mario Taxista Mario Taxista Para ir al hotel, necesitamos tomar un taxi. Buenos das. Est libre? S. Adnde quiere ir? Por cunto nos lleva al Hotel Internacional? Cuntos pasajeros? Cuatro. Treinta pesos. No, es demasiado. Le doy veinte. No, no puedo por menos de veinticinco. De acuerdo. Ponga las maletas aqu atrs. Gracias. De nada.
English
To go to the hotel, we need to take a taxi. Is this taxi free? Yes. Where do you want to go? How much do you want to take us to the Hotel Internacional? How many passengers? Fo ur. Thirty pesos. No, thats too much. Ill give you twenty. I cant do it for less than twenty five. O.K. Pu t your luggage here in the back. Thanks. Youre welcome.
Action
Spanish
Thomas Taxista Thomas Taxista Thomas Taxista Thomas Taxista Thomas Taxista Thomas Taxi, est libre? S. Adnde quiere ir? Por cunto me lleva al Hotel Internacional? Cuntos pasajeros? Yo solo. Treinta pesos. No, es demasiado. Le doy veinte. No, no puedo por menos de veinticinco. De acuerdo. Ponga las maletas aqu atrs. Gracias.
English
Is this taxi free? Yes. Where do you want to go? How much do you want to take me to the Hotel Internacional? How many passengers? Just me. Thirty pesos. No, thats too much. Ill give you twenty. I cant do it for less than twenty five. O.K. Pu t your luggage here in the back. Thanks.
Travel
Checking into a Hotel

Dialogues
Story
Spanish
Karen Recepcionista Karen Buenos das. Tengo reservada una habitacin a nombre de Karen Santiago. Lo siento, pero no encuentro n ada aqu. Necesito una habitacin para cuatro personas, con bao privado. Cunto cuesta? Por cuntos das? No s. Unos quince das. Entonces le podemos hacer un precio especial. Cincuenta pesos diarios. Este precio incluye el desayuno. No tienen habiatciones ms baratas? Hay habiatciones ms pequeas pero sin bao privado. Djelo, prefiero pagar un poco ms y tener bao privado.
English
Good morning. I have a room reserved here in the name of Karen Santiago. Im sorry, but I dont find any record of it. I need a room for four people with a private bath. How much will that be? For how many days? I dont know. About fifteen days. Then we can offer you a special price. Fifty pesos a day. This price includes breakfast. Dont you h ave less expensive rooms? There are smaller rooms, but they dont have private baths. Leave it, I prefer to pay a little more and have a private bathroom.
Recepcionista Karen Recepcionista Recepcionista Karen Recepcionista Karen
Action
Spanish
Thomas Recepcionista Thomas Recepcionista Thomas Recepcionista Buenos das. Tengo reservada una habitacin a nombre de Thomas Smith. Lo siento, pero no encuentro n ada aqu. Necesito una habitacin para una persona, con bao privado. Cunto cuesta? Por cuntos das? No s. Unos quince das. Entonces le podemos hacer un precio especial. Cincuenta pesos diarios. Este precio incluye el desayuno. No tienen habitaciones ms baratas? Hay habitaciones ms pequeas pero sin bao privado. Djelo, prefiero pagar un poco ms y tener un bao privado.
English
Good morning. I have a room reserved here in the name of Thomas Smith. Im sorry, but I dont find any record of it. I need a room for one person with a private bath. How much will that be? For how many days? I dont know. About fifteen days. Then we can offer you a special price. Fifty pesos a day. This price includes breakfast. Dont you h ave less expensive rooms? There are smaller rooms, but they dont have private baths. Leave it, I prefer to pay a little more and have a private bathroom.
Thomas Recepcionista Thomas
Room Service
Dialogues
Story
Spanish
Botones Karen Botones Dnde pongo las maletas? Pngalas al lado de la cama, por favor. Est todo bien? Necesita algo ms?
English
Where should I put the suitcases? Put them next to the bed, please. Is everything alright? Do you need anything else? Yes, wait a minute. I need soap, towels, and mineral water. Fine. Ill bring them to you right away. I'm hungry. Can you tell me where I can eat near here? Do you prefer American food or Mexican food? Wed like to eat something Mexican. Theres a fairly good restaurant right across the street. Its called El Tampiqueo. Thanks a lot. Here you are.
Karen
Botones Mario
Botones Mario Botones
Mario
S, espere un momento. No se marche. Necesito jabn, toallas y agua mineral. Muy bien. Ahora se lo traigo todo. Tengo hambre. Puede decirme dnde puedo comer cerca de aqu? Prefiere comida norteamericana o mexicana? Nos gustara comer algo mexicano. Hay un restaurante bastante bueno al otro lado de la calle. Se llama El Tampiqueo. Muchas gracias. Aqu tiene.
Action
Spanish
Botones Thomas Botones Dnde pongo las maletas, seor? Pngalas al lado de la cama, por favor. Est todo bien? Necesita algo ms?
English
Where should I put the suitcases, sir? Put them next to the bed, please. Is everything alright? Do you need anything else? Yes, wait a minute. I need soap, towels, and mineral water. Fine. Ill bring them to you right away. Just a minute. Dont go. Can you tell me where I can eat near here? Do you prefer American food or Mexican food? Id like to eat something Mexican. Theres a fairly good restaurant right across the street. Its called El Tampiqueo. Thanks a lot. Here you are.
Thomas
Botones Thomas
Botones Thomas Botones
Thomas
S, espere un momento. Necesito jabn, toallas y agua mineral. Muy bien. Ahora se lo traigo todo. Un momento. No se marche. Puede decirme dnde puedo comer cerca de aqu? Prefiere comida norteamericana o mexicana? Me gustara comer algo mexicano. Hay un restaurante bastante bueno al otro lado de la calle. Se llama El Tampiqueo. Muchas gracias. Aqu tiene.
10
Travel
Asking for Directions

Dialogues
Story
Spanish
Johnny Susy Seora Susy Seora Seora Creo que nos hemos perdido. Perdone, seora, puede decirme dnde est la oficina de correos? No est muy lejos. Est en la calle Bolvar. Cmo podemos llegar hasta all? Siga todo derecho hasta la calle Nogales. Entonces, doble a la izquierda y camine dos cuadras hasta la calle Bolvar. Ver usted la oficina en la esquina. Y sabe usted a qu hora se cierra la oficina? Creo que se cierra a las cuatro de la tarde. Muy amable. Gracias. De nada.
English
I think were lost. Excuse me, maam. Can you tell me where the post office is? Its not far from here. Its on Bolvar Street. How can we get there from here? Go straight until you get to Nogales Street. Then, turn left and walk two blocks to Bolvar Street. Youll see the post office on the corner. And do you know what time the office closes? I think it closes at four p.m. Youve been very kind. Thank you. Youre welcome.
Johnny Seora Susy Seora
Action
Spanish
Thomas Seora Thomas Seora Seora Perdone, seora, puede decirme dnde est la oficina de correos? No est muy lejos. Est en la calle Bolvar. Cmo puedo llegar hasta all? Siga todo derecho hasta la calle Nogales. Entonces, doble a la izquierda y camine dos cuadras hasta la calle Bolvar. Ver usted la oficina en la esquina. Y sabe usted a qu hora se cierra la oficina? Creo que se cierra a las cuatro de la tarde. Muy amable. Gracias. De nada.
English
Excuse me, maam. Can you tell me where the post office is? Its not far from here. Its on Bolvar Street. How can I get there from here? Go straight until you get to Nogales Street. Then, turn left and walk two blocks to Bolvar Street. Youll see the post office on the corner. And do you know what time the office closes? I think it closes at four p.m. Youve been very kind. Thank you. Youre welcome.
Thomas Seora Thomas Seora
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Planning a Trip
Dialogues
Story
Spanish
Roberto La verdad es que no me apetece manejar. Creo que es mejor tomar el autobs. Silvia T quieres ir con un tour organizado? Roberto S, porque as no tendremos que preocuparnos de nada. Silvia Eduardo me dijo que algunas de estas excurciones son muy interesantes. Roberto Adnde vamos? Al mar o a las montaas? Silvia
English
The truth is I dont feel like driving. I think its better to take a bus. Do you want to go on a tour? Yes, because then we wont have to worry about anything. Eduardo told me that some of these trips are really interesting. Where will we go? To the sea or to the mountains? They told me that the trip to Acapulco is nice because we go through Taxco, a colonial city, and through the mountains too. Are we going to spend a few days at the beach? Id like to get a tan. Yes, of course. We can also travel along the coast in order to see some of the small towns.
Me dijeron que el viaje a Acapulco es muy agradable porque pasamos por Taxco, una ciudad colonial, y por las montaas tambin. Roberto Vamos a quedarnos algunos das en la playa? A mi me gustara ponerme moreno. Silvia S, por supuesto. Tambin podemos recorrer la costa para poder conocer algunos pueblos pequeos. Roberto De acuerdo. Maana puedo ir a la agencia de O.K. Tomorrow I can go to the travel agency viajes para decirles que queremos hacer un viaje and tell them we want to take a trip to Acapulco. a Acapulco.
12
Travel
Planning a Trip
Dialogues
Action
Spanish
Thomas Elena Thomas Thomas Elena Thomas Thomas Elena Thomas La verdad es que no me apetece manejar. Creo que es mejor tomar el autobs. T quieres ir con un tour organizado? S, porque as no tendremos que preocuparnos de nada. Roberto me dijo que algunas de estas excursiones son muy interesantes. Adnde vamos? Al mar o a las montaas?
English
The truth is I dont feel like driving. I think its better to take a bus. Do you want to go on a tour? Yes, because then we wont have to worry about anything. Roberto told me that some of these trips are really interesting. Where will we go? To the sea or to the mountains? Me dijeron que el viaje a Acapulco es agradable They told me that the trip to Acapulco is nice porque pasamos por Taxco, una ciudad colonial, y because we go through Taxco, a colonial city, las montaas tambin. and through the mountains too. Vamos a quedarnos algunos das en la playa? A Are we going to spend a few days at the m me gustara ponerme morena. beach? Id like to get a tan. S, por supuesto. Tambin podemos recorrer la Yes, of course. We can also travel along the costa para poder conocer algunos pueblos coast in order to see some of the small towns. pequeos.
13
Making Travel Reservations

Dialogues
Story
Spanish
Roberto Roberto Agente Roberto Agente Roberto Agente Agente Agente Roberto Roberto Agente Buenos das. Mi esposa y yo queremos ir de vacaciones a Acapulco con un tour. Puede darme informacin sobre los viajes? S, seor. Tenemos varias clases de excursiones. Quieren ir en primera clase? S, y quiero reservar dos plazas. Cundo quieren viajar? Tenemos una semana libre, a partir del viernes prximo. Bueno. Pueden salir ustedes el sbado por la maana y llegar a Taxco por la noche. La excursin incluye alojamiento en Taxco, cena y desayuno, y por la noche pueden asistir a una representacin folklrica. Me parece estupendo. Habr tiempo para visitar las tiendas? S, tendrn un par de horas antes de salir para Acapulco.
English
Good morning. My wife and I want to go on an organized tour to Acapulco for vacation. Can you give me some information about the trip? Yes, Sir. We have several different kinds of tours. Do you want to go first class? Yes, and I want to reserve two places. When do you want to travel? We have a week free, starting next Friday. Fine. You can leave on Saturday morning and get to Taxco that night. The tour includes hotel accommodations in Taxco, dinner and breakfast, and in the evening you can attend a floor show of folkloric dances. It sounds great to me. Will there be time to visit the stores? Yes, youll have a couple of hours before you leave for Acapulco.
14
Travel
Making Travel Reservations

Dialogues
Action
Spanish
Elena Elena Agente Elena Agente Agente Agente Elena Agente Buenos das. Mi familia y yo queremos ir de vacaciones a Acapulco con un tour. Puede darme informacin sobre los viajes?
English
Good morning. My family and I want to go on an organized tour to Acapulco for vacation. Can you give me some information about the trips? S, seora. Tenemos varias clases de Yes, Maam. We have several different kinds of excursiones. Quieren ir en primera clase? tours. Do you want to go first class? S, y quiero reservar cuatro plazas. Tenemos Yes, and I want to reserve four places. We have a una semana libre, a partir del viernes prximo. week free, starting next Friday. Bueno. Pueden salir ustedes el sbado por la Fine. You can leave on Saturday morning and get maana y llegar a Taxco por la noche. to Taxco that night. La excursin incluye alojamiento en Taxco, The tour includes hotel accommodations in Taxco, cena y desayuno, dinner and breakfast, y por la noche pueden asistir a una and in the evening you can attend a floor show of representacin folklrica. folkloric dances. Me parece estupendo. Habr tiempo para It sounds great to me. Will there be time to visit visitar las tiendas? the stores? S, tendrn un par de horas antes de salir para Yes, youll have a couple of hours before you leave Acapulco. for Acapulco.
15
Going to Lunch
Dialogues
Story
Camarero Eduardo Camarero Eduardo Camarero Eduardo Camarero Eduardo Camarero Camarero Eduardo Camarero Eduardo Spanish Buenas tardes. Espera usted a alguien? No, estoy solo. Dnde quiere sentarse? Cerca de la ventana, por favor. Desea tomar algo antes de pedir? S, trigame una cerveza fra, por favor. Qu desea comer? Quiero un consom de pollo, las enchiladas suizas y una ensalada verde. Muy bien. Qu disfrute su almuerzo. Gracias. Quiere tomar algo de postre? No gracias. Trigame la cuenta, por favor. English Good afternoon. Are you waiting for someone? No, Im alone. Where do you want to sit? Near the window, please. Do you want something to drink before you order? Yes, bring me a cold beer. What do you want to eat? I want chicken soup, enchiladas suizas, and a green salad. Very well. Enjoy your lunch. Thank you. Would you like something for dessert? No thanks. Bring me the bill, please.
Action
Camarero Thomas Camarero Thomas Camarero Thomas Camarero Thomas Camarero Camarero Thomas Spanish Buenas noches. Espera usted a alguien? No, estoy solo. Dnde quiere sentarse? Cerca de la ventana, por favor. Desea tomar algo antes de pedir? S, trigame una cerveza fra. Qu desea comer? Quiero un consom de pollo, las enchiladas suizas y una ensalada verde. Muy bien. Quiere tomar algo de postre? No gracias. Trigame la cuenta, por favor. English Good evening. Are you waiting for someone? No, Im alone. Where do you want to sit? Near the window, please. Do you want something to drink before you order? Yes, bring me a cold beer. What do you want to eat? I want chicken soup, enchiladas suizas, and a green salad. Very well. Would you like something for dessert? No thanks. Bring me the bill, please.
16
Travel
Buying Presents
Dialogues
Story
Spanish
Roberto Silvia Silvia Roberto Silvia Roberto Silvia Silvia Roberto Roberto Silvia Qu te parece este pauelo para Karen? Creo que los colores son muy chillones. No quieres buscar algo ms discreto? Tienes razn. Creo que aquel azul es ms discreto. Qu podemos comprarle a Mario? A Mario le encanta la msica clsica. Cmprale un disco. Tenemos que comprarles unos juguetes a los nios tambin. Voy a preguntar a la dependienta dnde est la seccin de juguetes. No te olvides del libro para Eduardo. Tienen una buena seleccin ah, junto a la caja. No, prefiero ir a la librera. All los libros son ms baratos que aqu.
English
What do you think about this scarf for Karen? I think the colors are too loud. Dont you want to look for something more subtle? Youre right. I think that blue one over there is more subtle. What can we buy for Mario? Mario loves classical music. Buy him a record. We have to buy some toys for the children too. Im going to ask the saleswoman where the toy section is. Dont forget the book for Eduardo. They have a good selection there, next to the cash register. No, I prefer to go to the bookstore. There, the books are cheaper than here.
Action
Spanish
Elena Thomas Elena Thomas Elena Thomas Elena Thomas Thomas Qu te parece este pauelo para Silvia? Creo que los colores son muy chillones. No quieres buscar algo ms discreto? Tienes razn. Creo que aquel azul es ms elegante. Qu podemos comprarle a Roberto? A Roberto le encanta la msica clsica. Cmprale un disco. Tenemos que comprarles unos juguetes a los nios, tambin. No te olvides del libro para Eduardo. Tienen una buena seleccin ah, junto a la caja. No, prefiero ir a la librera. All los libros son ms baratos que aqu. Voy a preguntar a la dependienta dnde est la seccin de juguetes.
English
What do you think about this scarf for Silvia? I think the colors are too loud. Dont you want to look for something more subtle? Youre right. I think that blue one over there is more elegant. And what can we buy for Roberto? Roberto loves classical music. Buy him a record. We have to buy some toys for the children too. Dont forget the book for Eduardo. They have a good selection there, next to the cash register. No, I prefer to go to the bookstore. There, the books are cheaper than here. Im going to ask the saleswoman where the toy section is.
17
At the Airport
Dialogues
Story
Spanish
Karen Empleado Empleado Mario Empleado Karen Empleado Karen Mario Empleado Karen Karen Mario Mario Hay demora con el vuelo para Chicago? No. Saldr a las 11:45 desde la puerta 16. Quieren documentar el equipaje ahora? S. llevamos muchas maletas. Tiene los pasajes? S, claro. Aqu tiene. Gracias. Pidieron asientos en la seccin de no fumar, verdad? S. Con cunto tiempo de antelacin tenemos que estar aqu? Veinte minutos antes del embarque. Anunciarn la salida en la sala de espera. No puedo creer que es hora de salir, Mario. Despus de pasar un ao tan agradable en Mxico, hay que regresar a Chicago. Tampoco lo creo. Pero si no me equivoco, tenemos tres semanas libres en julio, y si econ omizamos un poco, podremos venir a Mxico de vacaciones!
English
Is there a delay on the flight to Chicago.? No. Itll leave at 11:45, from gate 16. Do you want to check your baggage now? Yes. Were carrying a lot of luggage. Do you have your tickets? Yes, of course. Here they are. Thank you. You asked for seats in the no smoking section, right? Yes. How far in advance do we need to be here? Twenty minutes before boarding. Theyll a nnounce the departure in the waiting room. I cant believe that its time to leave, Mario. After spending a very enjoyable year here in Mexico, its necessary to return to Chicago. I dont believe it either. But, if Im not mistaken, we have three weeks off in July, a nd if we save a little, well be able to return to Mexico on vacation!
18
Travel
At the Airport
Dialogues
Action Spanish
Thomas Empleado Thomas Empleado Elena Empleado Elena Empleado Elena Hay demora con el vuelo para Chicago? No. Saldr a las 11:45 desde la puerta 16. Quieren documentar el equipaje ahora? S. Llevamos muchas maletas. Tiene los pasajes? S, claro. Aqu tiene. Gracias. Pidieron asientos en la seccin de no fumar, verdad? S. Con cunto tiempo de antelacin tenemos que estar aqu? Veinte minutos antes del embarque. Anunciarn la salida en la sala de espera. No puedo creer que es hora de salir, Thomas. Despus de pasar un ao tan agradable aqu en Mxico, hay que regresar a Chicago. Tampoco lo creo. Pero , si no me equivoco, tengo tres semanas libres en julio, y si economizamos un poco, podremos venir a Mxico de vacaciones!
English
Is there a delay on the flight to Chicago.? No. Itll leave at 11:45, from gate 16. Do you want to check your baggage now? Yes. Were carrying a lot of luggage. Do you have your tickets? Yes, of course. Here they are. Thank you. You asked for seats in the no smoking section, right? Yes. How far in advance do we need to be h ere? Twenty minutes before boarding. Theyll a nnounce the departure in the waiting room. I cant believe that its time to leave, Thomas. After spending a very enjoyable year here in Mexico, its necessary to return to Chicago. I dont believe it either. But, if Im not mistaken, I have three weeks off in July, and if we save a little, well be able to return to Mexico on vacation!
Thomas
19
BUSINESS
Dialogues
Making a Long Distance Phone Call

Story
Spanish
Operadora Susy Operadora Susy Operadora Susy Operadora Susy Operadora Operadora Susy Operadora Susy Operadora Susy Bueno? Quiero hacer una llamada a Estados Unidos, por favor. De persona a persona? S, con la seora Ana Santiago, por cobrar, por favor. Y cmo se llama usted? Susy, Susy Santiago. El nmero, por favor? Es el 423-450-2105. Ahora mismo. Lo siento, no contesta nadie. Quiere que insista? S, por favor. Todava no contesta nadie. Quiere volver a llamar ms tarde? Est bien. Llamar ms tarde. Gracias. No hay de que. Adis. Adis.
English
Hello? I want to make a call to the United States, please. Person to person? Yes, with Mrs. Ana Santiago, collect, please. And what is your name? Susy, Susy Santiago. The number, please? Its 423-450-2105. Right away. Im sorry. No one answers. Do you want me to keep trying? Yes, please. Theres still no answer. Would you like to call back later? Alright. Ill call later. Thanks. Dont mention it. Good-bye. Good-bye.
Action
Spanish
Thomas Operadora Thomas Operadora Thomas Operadora Operadora Thomas Quiero hacer una llamada a Estados Unidos, por favor. Por cobrar? S. El nmero, por favor? Es el 615-974-2311. De persona a persona, con la seora Elena Smith. Ahora mismo. Lo siento. No contesta nadie. Quiere que insista? No, gracias. Llamar ms tarde.
English
I want to make a call to the United States, please. Do you want to reverse the charges? Yes. Whats the number, please? Its 615-974-2311. Person to person, to Mrs. Elena Smith. Right away. Im sorry. No one answers. Do you want me to keep trying? No, thanks. Ill call later.
20
Business
Making a Local Phone Call

Dialogues
Story
Spanish
Mario
English
Can you tell me how to make a local phone call? Yes, sir. Dial number 6 first, then the number that you want.
Operadora
Secretaria Mario Secretaria Mario Secretaria
Secretaria Mario
Mario Secretaria Mario Secretaria
Puede decirme cmo llamar directamente dentro de la ciudad? S, seor. Marque el nmero seis primero , y despus el nmero que usted desee. Bueno. Est la seora Garcia? De parte de quin? De parte de Mario Santiago. Lo siento. L a seora Garcia no est en su oficina; est en una reun in. Quiere dejar un recado? S, dgale que me llame al Hotel Internacional. Estoy aqu h asta las nueve. Cmo no! Algo ms? Nada ms, gracias. Adis. Muy bien. Adis.
Hello. Is Mrs. Garca in? Whos calling, please? Mario Santiago. Im sorry. Mrs. Garca is in a meeting.
Do you want to leave a message? Yes, tell her to call me at the Hotel Internacional. Ill be here until nine. Of course. Anything else? Thats all, thanks. Good-bye. Alright. Good-bye.
Action
Spanish
Thomas
English
Can you tell me how to make a local phone call? Yes, sir. Dial number 6 first, then the number that you want. Thanks. Is Mr. Garca in? Whos calling, please? Thomas Smith. Im sorry. Mr. Garca is in a meeting. Do you want to leave a message? Yes, tell him to call me at the Hotel Internacional. Ill be here until nine.
Operadora
Thomas Thomas Secretaria Thomas Secretaria
Thomas
Secretaria Thomas
Puede decirme cmo llamar directamente dentro de la ciudad? S, seor. Marque el nmero 6 primero, y despus el nmero que usted desee. Gracias. Est el seor Garca? De parte de quin? De parte de Thomas Smith. Lo siento. E l seor Garca est en una reunin. Quiere dejar un recado? S, dgale que me llame al Hotel Internacional. Estoy aqu hasta las nuev e. Cmo no! Algo ms? Nada ms, gracias. Adis.
Of course. Anything else? Thats all, thanks. Good-bye.
21
Going to Dinner
Dialogues
Story
Spanish
Silvia Roberto Silvia Roberto Silvia Camarero Camarero Roberto Camarero Roberto Camarero Silvia Dnde est la carne en este restaurante? Pero no queras comer pescado? Quera, pero ahora quiero comer carne. Pues vas a tener que preguntarle al camarero. Es posible comer un bistec con p apas fritas? Es que no me apetece comer pescado hoy. Por supuesto. Hablar con el cocinero. Y usted, seor, qu va a tomar? Tienen alguna especialidad? S, camarones, langosta y atn. La langosta para m. Algo de beber? S, vino, por favor.
English
Dont they h ave any meat in this restaurant? But didnt you want to eat seafood? I did want to, but now I want to eat meat. Well youll have to ask the waiter. Is it possible to get a steak and fried potatoes? I just dont feel like eating fish today. Of course. Ill talk to the chef. And you, sir, what will you have to eat? Do you have any specialities of the house? Yes, shrimp, lobster and tuna. Lobster for me. Anything to drink? Yes, some wine, please.
Action
Spanish
Thomas Elena Thomas Elena Thomas Camarero Elena Camarero Elena Camarero Thomas Dnde est la carne en este restaurante? Pero no queras comer pescado? Quera, pero ahora quiero comer carne. Pues vas a tener que preguntarle al camarero. Es posible comer un bistec con p apas fritas? Es que no me apetece comer pescado hoy. Por supuesto. Hablar con el cocinero. Y la seora y los nios, qu van a tomar? Tienen alguna especialidad? S, camarones, langosta y atn. La langosta para m. Los nios son como su padre. Prefieren la carne. Algo de beber? Vino para nosotros y jugo para los nios.
English
Dont they have any meat in this restaurant? But didnt you want to eat seafood? I did want to, but now I want to eat meat. Well youll have to ask the waiter. Is it possible to get a steak and fried potatoes? I just dont feel like eating fish today. Of course. Ill talk to the chef. And the lady and the children, what will they have to eat? Do you have any specialities of the house? Yes, shrimp, lobster and tuna. Lobster for me. And the children are like their father. They prefer meat. Anything to drink? Wine for us, and juice for the children.
22
Business
Finding an Office
Dialogues
Story Spanish
Karen Recepcionista Recepcionista Karen Karen Recepcionista Karen Secretaria Secretaria Karen Secretaria Karen Secretaria Puede indicarme dnde queda la oficina de la seora Gonzlez? Est en el tercer piso, al final del pasillo a la derecha. El ascensor est a su izquierda. Gracias, pero prefiero subir andando. Dnde quedan las escaleras? Detrs de usted. Est la seora Gonzlez? No. Se ha eq uivocado de puerta. S usted busca a la seora Gonzlez, tiene que llamar en la puerta siguiente. Es sta la oficina de la seora Gonzlez? S. Es usted la seora Santiago? S. Soy Karen Santiago. Pase. La seora Gonzlez la est esperando.
English
Can you tell me where Mrs. Gonzlez's office is? It's on the third floor, at the end of the hall on the right. The elevator is on your left. Thanks, but I prefer to walk up. Where are the stairs? Behind you. Is Mrs. Gonzlez here? No. You've made a mistake. If youre looking for Mr. Gonzlez, you have to go next door. Is this Mrs. Gonzlez's office? Yes. Are you Mrs. Santiago? Yes. Im Karen Santiago. Come in. Mrs. Gonzlez is waiting for you.
Action Spanish
Thomas Recepcionista Puede indicarme dnde queda la oficina de la seora Gonzlez? Est en el tercer piso, al final del pasillo a la derecha. El ascensor est a su izquierda. Gracias, pero prefiero subir andando. Dnde estn las escaleras? Detrs de usted. Est el Sr. Gonzlez? No. Se ha eq uivocado de puerta. Tiene que llamar en la puerta siguiente. Es sta la oficina del Sr. Gonzlez? S. Es usted el Sr. Smith? Pase. El Sr. Gonzlez lo est esperando.
English
Can you tell me where Mrs. Gonzlez's office is? It's on the third floor, at the end of the hall on the right. The elevator is on your left. Thanks, but I prefer to walk up. Where are the stairs? Behind you. Is Mr. Gonzlez here? No. You've made a mistake. You have to go next door. Is this Mr. Gonzlez's office? Yes. Are you Mr. Smith? Come in. Mr. Gonzlez is waiting for you.
Thomas Recepcionista Thomas Secretaria Thomas Secretaria
23
Greetings and Introductions

Dialogues
Story Spanish
Silvia Karen Silvia Silvia Karen Silvia Karen Eduardo Karen Silvia Karen Karen Silvia Hola, Karen. Cmo ests? Bien, gracias. Y t, qu tal ests? Ya ves. T rabajando como siempre. Qu tal el viaje? Muy bien, gracias. Conoces a mi socio, Eduardo Gonzlez? Encantada de conocerlo. Igualmente. Silvia me dice que va a trabajar con nosotros. Me alegro. Pues s, mi intencin es quedarme aqu un ao por lo menos. Vas a traer a tu familia? Claro. Estn aqu. Ahora solo tenemos que encontrar un apartamento. Si quieres, puedo acompaarte a la inmobiliaria.
English
Hello, Karen. How are you? Just fine, thanks. An d you, how are you d oing? As you can see. Working like always. How was your trip? Very nice, thanks. Do you know my partner, Eduardo Gonzlez? I'm glad to meet you. The pleasure's mine. Silvia tells me you're g oing to work with us. I'm pleased. Well, yes, my intention is to stay here for at least a year. Are you going to have your family join you? Of course. They are here. Now we just have to find an apartment. If you want, I can go with you to the rental a gency.
Action Spanish
Roberto Thomas Roberto Thomas Eduardo Thomas Roberto Thomas Eduardo Hola, Thomas. Cmo ests? Qu tal el viaje? Muy bien, gracias. Y t, qu tal ests? Ya ves. T rabajando, como siempre. Conoces a mi socio, Eduardo Gutirrez? Encantado de conocerlo. Igualmente. Roberto me dice que usted va a trabajar con nosotros. Me alegro. Pues s, mi intencin es quedarme aqu un ao por lo menos. Vas a traer a tu mujer? Claro. Elena tiene ganas de venir, pero primero tengo que encontrar un apartamento. Tengo tiempo libre el viernes. Si quiere, puedo acompaarlo a la inmobiliaria.
English
Hello, Thomas. How are you? How was your trip? Just fine, thanks. An d you, how are you d oing? As you can see. Working like always. Do you know my partner, Eduardo Gutirrez? I'm glad to meet you. The pleasure's mine. Roberto tells me you're g oing to work with us. I'm pleased. Well, yes, my intention is to stay here for at least a year. Are you going to have your wife join you? Of course. Elena wants to come, but first I h ave to find an apartment. I have some free time on Friday. If you want, I can go with you to the rental agency.
24
Business
Making an Appointment
Dialogues
Story
Spanish
Mario Eduardo Mario Eduardo Eduardo Mario Mario Mario Eduardo Eduardo Mario Eduardo Eduardo Mario Podemos vernos maana por la maana? A qu hora le conviene a usted? Entre las diez y las once? Es un poco difcil para m. Qu le parece el martes por la tarde? Le parece bien a las cuatro? El martes me parece un buen da, pero tengo que ir a Cuernavaca por la maana. Tratar de estar aqu de vuelta antes de las cuatro. Depende del trfico. Usted sabe el problema que hay a esa hora. S, comprendo. Los embotellamientos son terribles a veces. No se preocupe si llega un poco ms tarde. Voy a estar en mi oficina hasta las seis. Podemos tomar una copa a esa hora y hablar del tema, si le parece. Es una buena idea. Nos vemos entonces. Hasta luego.
English
Can we meet tomorrow morning? Whats a convenient time for you? Between ten and eleven? Thats a little difficult for me. What about Tuesday in the afternoon? Would four oclock be alright? Tuesday is a good day for me, but I have to go to Cuernavaca in the morning. Ill try to be back here before four. It d epends on the traffic. You know what problems there are at that time. Yes, I understand. The traffic jams are horrible sometimes. Dont worry if you get here a bit late. Im going to be at the office until six. We could have a drink then and talk about the matter, if that sounds alright to you. Thats a good idea. Well see each other then. See you then.
25
Making an Appointment
Dialogues
Action
Spanish
Thomas Cliente Thomas Cliente Podemos vernos maana por la maana? A qu hora le conviene a usted? Entre las diez y las once? Es un poco difcil para m. Qu le parece el martes por la tarde? Le parece bien a las cuatro? El martes me parece un buen da, pero tengo que ir a Cuernavaca por la maana. Tratar de estar aqu de vuelta antes de las cuatro. Depende del trfico. Usted sabe el problema que hay a esa hora. S, comprendo. Los embotellamientos son terribles a veces. No se preocupe si llega un poco ms tarde. Voy a estar en mi oficina hasta las seis. Podemos tomar una copa a esa hora y hablar del tema, si le parece. Es una buena idea. Nos vemos entonces.
English
Can we meet tomorrow morning? Whats a convenient time for you? Between ten and eleven? Thats a little difficult for me. What about Tuesday in the afternoon? Would four oclock be alright? Tuesday is a good day for me, but I have to go to Cuernavaca in the morning. Ill try to be back here before four. It depends on the traffic. You know what problems there are at that time. Yes, I understand. The traffic jams are horrible sometimes. Dont worry if you get here a bit late. Im going to be at the office until six. We could have a drink then and talk about the matter, if that sounds alright to you. Thats a good idea. Well see each other then.
Thomas Thomas Thomas Cliente Cliente Cliente Thomas
26
Business
Banking
Dialogues
Story Spanish
Karen Empleado Karen Empleado Karen Empleado Ha llegado una transferencia desde Estados Unidos a nombre de Karen Santiago? Tiene usted una cuenta aqu? S, abr una cuenta hace un mes. Cul es el nmero? Lo tengo aqu. E s el C-4400761. Espere un momento. S, en efecto. Tiene usted una cuenta con un balance de veinte mil pesos. Estupendo. Quiero encargar unos cheques de viaje. Cinco mil pesos, pero en sucres, si es posible. Estarn maana por la maana a ltima hora. Desea algo ms? No, es todo, gracias. Hasta luego.
English
Has some money arrived from the United States in the name of Karen Santiago? Do you have an account here? Yes, I opened an account a month ago. What is the number? I have it here. Its C-4400761. Wait a minute. Yes, thats right. You have an a ccount with a balance of twenty thousand p esos. Great. I want to get some travelers checks. Five thousand pesos, but in sucres, if thats p ossible. Theyll be ready late tomorrow morning. Do you want anything else? No, thats all, thanks. See you later.
Karen
Empleado Empleado Karen
Action Spanish
Thomas Empleado Thomas Empleado Thomas Empleado Ha llegado una transferencia desde Estados Unidos a nombre de Thomas Smith? Tiene usted una cuenta aqu? S, abr una cuenta hace un mes. Cul es el nmero? Lo tengo aqu. E s el C-4400761. Espere un momento. S, en efecto. Tiene usted una cuenta con un balance de veinte mil pesos. Estupendo. Quiero encargar unos cheques de viaje. Cinco mil pesos, pero en sucres, de ser posible. Estarn maana por la maana a ltima hora. Desea algo ms? No, es todo, gracias. Hasta luego.
English
Has some money arrived from the United States in the name of Thomas Smith? Do you have a n account here? Yes, I opened an account a month ago. What is the number? I have it here. Its C-4400761. Wait a minute. Yes, thats right. You have an a ccount with a balance of twenty thousand p esos. Great. I want to get some travelers checks. Five thousand pesos, but in sucres, if thats p ossible. Theyll be ready late tomorrow morning. Do you want anything else? No, thats all, thanks. See you later.
Thomas
Empleado Thomas
27
Planning an Evening Out

Dialogues
Story Spanish
Roberto Karen Roberto Karen Roberto Karen Roberto Karen Roberto Karen Karen Roberto Tiene usted algn plan para el viernes en la noche? No. Espero que terminemos el trabajo y as tendr dos das para ver la ciudad. Hay una representacin de teatro en Bellas Artes y pens que quizs le gustara acompaarnos. No es un poco tarde para conseguir boletos? No, no se preocupe. Estoy seguro que quedan entradas. Por cierto, a qu hora es la funcin? Es a las nueve. Pero vamos a cenar en un restaurante antes. Ah, ya Eduardo nos invit a cenar en su casa. Qu lstima! Quizs en otra ocasin, entonces. Pero s nos gustara acompaarles al teatro. Podra usted pasar a recogernos en el apartamento a las ocho? No hay ningn problema.
English
Do you have plans for Friday night? No. I hope that well finish the job and then Ill have two days to see the city. Theres a play at the Bellas Artes theater and I thought that perhaps youd like to accompany us. Isnt it a little late to get tickets? No, dont worry. Im sure there are tickets left. By the way, at what time is the performance? At nine. But were going to have dinner in a restaurant beforehand. Ah, Eduardo already invited us to have dinner at his house. What a shame! Maybe some other time, then. But we would like to join you at the theater. Can you come to pick us up at the apartment at eight? No problem.
Action Spanish
Thomas Directora Thomas Directora Thomas Directora Thomas Directora Thomas Tiene usted algn plan para el viernes en la noche? No. Espero que terminemos el trabajo y as tendr dos das para ver la ciudad. Hay una representacin de teatro en Bellas Artes y pens que quizs le gustara acompaarnos. No es un poco tarde para conseguir boletos? No, no se preocupe. Estoy seguro que quedan entradas. Por cierto, a qu hora es la funcin? A las nueve. Muy bien. Podra usted pasar a recogerme en mi hotel a las ocho? No hay ningn problema.
English
Do you have plans for Friday night? No. I hope that well finish the job and then Ill have two days to see the city. Theres a play at the Bellas Artes theater and I thought that perhaps youd like to accompany us. Isnt it a little late to get tickets? No, dont worry. Im sure there are tickets left. By the way, at what time is the performance? At nine. Can you come to pick me up at my hotel at eight? No problem.
28
Everyday Life
EVERYDAY LIFE
Dialogues
At a Party
Story Spanish
Silvia Silvia Karen Roberto Mario Mario Silvia Karen Silvia Karen Silvia Karen Hola, Karen, encantada de verte, Mario! Pasen. Cmo estn los nios? Estn bien, gracias. Mario y Karen, cmo estn? Bien, gracias, Roberto. Estupendo volver a verte. Conoces a todos los invitados? A algunos. Quin es la mujer que baila con Roberto? Es mi hermana menor. Vive en Mrida, pero est aqu de visita un par de das. Y quin es el que est en el balcn conversando con Eduardo? Es su primo. Es abogado y tambin da clases en la universidad. Parece que la fiesta est muy animada.
English
Hi, Karen, happy to see you, Mario! Come in. How are the children? Theyre fine, thanks. Mario and Karen, how are you? Fine, thanks, Roberto. Its great to see you again. Do you know all the guests? Some of them. And, whos the woman dancing with Roberto? Shes my younger sister. She lives in Mrida, but shes here visiting for a couple of days. And, who is the man on the balcony talking to Eduardo? Its his cousin. Hes a lawyer and he also teaches at the university. It looks like the partys very lively.
Action Spanish
Silvia Thomas Encantada de verte, Thomas! Pasa. Cmo est la familia? Cundo va a venir Elena? Estn todos bien, gracias. Elena viene dentro de dos semanas y traer a los nios. Ser estupendo volver a verlos. Conoces a todos los invitados? A algunos. Y quin es la mujer que est bailando con Roberto? Es mi hermana menor. Vive en Mrida, pero est aqu de visita un par de das. Y quin es el que est en el balcn conversando con Eduardo? Es su primo. Es abogado y tambin da clases en la universidad. Parece que la fiesta est muy animada.
English
Happy to see you, Thomas! Come in. Hows your family? When is Elena coming? Theyre all fine, thanks. Elena is coming within the next two weeks and she brings the children with her. Itll be great to see them again. Do you know all the guests? Some of them. And, whos the woman dancing with Roberto? Shes my younger sister. She lives in Mrida, but shes here visiting for a couple of days. And, who is the man on the balcony talking to Eduardo? Its his cousin. Hes a lawyer and he also teaches at the university. It looks like the partys very lively.
Silvia Thomas Silvia Thomas Silvia Thomas
29
Going to a Pharmacy
Dialogues
Story Spanish
Karen Farmacutico Karen Farmacutico Karen Farmacutico Karen Farmacutico Tiene algo para el dolor de estmago? Qu le ocurre? No lo s. Com algo anoche y no me siento muy bien. Tiene fiebre, diarrea o nuseas? O es un dolor agudo? Es ms bien un malestar general. Consult a un mdico? Todava no. Necesito una receta? Para estas pastillas no, pero si usted se siente mal maana, le aconsejo que vea a un mdico. Primero voy a ver si estas pastillas me ayudan. Tome dos cada cuatro horas. Espero que se mejore.
English
Do you have something for a stomachache? Whats wrong with you? I dont know. I ate something last night and I dont feel very well. Do you have diarrhea or are you nauseous? Or is it a sharp pain? I just dont feel well in general. Did you see a doctor? Not yet. Do I need a prescription? For these pills, no, but if you still feel ill tomorrow, I recommend you see a doctor. First Ill see if these pills help me. Take two every four hours. I hope you feel better.
Karen Farmacutico Farmacutico
Action Spanish
Thomas Farmacutico Thomas Farmacutico Thomas Farmacutico Thomas Farmacutico Tiene algo para el dolor de estmago? Qu le ocurre? No lo s. Com algo anoche, y no me siento muy bien. Tiene diarrea o nuseas? O es un dolor agudo? Es ms bien un malestar general. Consult a un mdico? Todava no. Necesito una receta? Para estas pastillas no, pero si usted se siente mal maana, le aconsejo que vea a un mdico. Primero voy a ver si estas pastillas me ayudan. Tome dos cada cuatro horas. Espero que se mejore.
English
Do you have something for a stomachache? Whats wrong with you? I dont know. I ate something last night, and now I dont feel very well. Do you have diarrhea or are you nauseous? Or is it a sharp pain? I just dont feel well in general. Did you see a doctor? Not yet. Do I need a prescription? Not for these pills, but if you still feel sick tomorrow, I advise you to go to a doctor. First Ill see if these pills help me. Take two every four hours. I hope you feel better.
Thomas Farmacutico
30
Everyday Life
Going to the Doctor

Dialogues
Story
Spanish
Mdica Karen Mdica
Johnny
Mdica
Karen Mdica
Mdica
Johnny Mdica Mdica
English
How long has he been feeling ill? For two days. Does your head hurt? Do you feel weak in the legs? Are you dizzy? Yes, its a little of everything. I dont know whats wrong with me. Its possible that its the effect of the altitude. Its common when one isnt used to it. And what do you recommend that I do? You should be careful about food and drink.
For example, he should avoid heavy greasy foods. Do I need to take any special medicine? No, it isnt necessary. It will go away soon. He should try to rest, and above all, dont worry.
Hace cunto tiempo que se siente mal? Desde hace dos das. Te duele la cabeza? Sientes dbil las piernas? Sientes vrtigo? S, es un poco de todo. No s qu me ocurre.
Es posible que sea el efecto de la altitud. Es frecuente cuando uno no est acostumbrado. Y qu me recomienda usted? Debe tener cuidado con las comidas y las bebidas. Por ejemplo, l debe evitar las comidas pesadas con mucha grasa. Necesito tomar alguna medicina especial? No, no es preciso. Se te pasar pronto. Que l trate de descansar, y sobre todo, usted no se preocupe.
Action
Spanish
Mdico Thomas Mdico
Thomas
Mdico
Thomas Mdico Mdico
Mdico
Thomas Mdico
English
Hace cunto tiempo que se siente mal? Desde hace dos das. Le duele la cabeza? Siente dbil las piernas? Siente vrtigo? S, es un poco de todo. No s qu me ocurre.
How long have you been feeling ill? For two days. Does your head hurt? Do you feel weak in the legs? Are you dizzy? Yes, its a little of everything. I dont know whats wrong with me. Es posible que sea el efecto de la altitud. Es Its possible that its the effect of the altitude. frecuente cuando uno no est acostumbrado. Its common when one isnt used to it. Y qu me recomienda usted? And what do you recommend that I do? Debe tener cuidado con la comida y las bebidas. You should be careful about food and drink. Por ejemplo, evite las comidas pesadas con For example, avoid heavy greasy foods and mucha grasa y tambin las bebidas alcohlicas. also alcoholic beverages. Trate de descansar, y sobre todo, no se preocupe. Try to rest, and above all, dont worry. It will Se le pasar pronto. go away soon. Necesito tomar alguna medicina especial? Do I need to take any special medicine? No, no es preciso. No, it isnt necessary.
31
Going to the Dry Cleaner

Dialogues
Story
Spanish
Empleada Entonces, cuatro camisas, dos pantalones, un traje, seis pares de calcetines, cuatro calzoncillos y tres camisetas. Para cundo los quiere? Lo ms pronto posible. Tambin necesito que me ponga un botn en la camisa azul. El ruedo del pantaln negro est suelto. Puede arreglarmelo? Cmo no, seor! Quiere que le ponga almidn en las camisas y que le planche todo? S, est bien. Pero no ponga demasiado almidn en las camisas. Estar todo listo maana por la tarde. No puede ser por la maana? No puede ser antes porque tenemos muchos encargos acumulados. De acuerdo. Hasta maana.
English
Lets see, four shirts, two pairs of pants, a suit, six pairs of socks, four pairs of underwear, and three undershirts. When do you want them? As soon as possible. I also need you to sew a button on the blue shirt. The hem of the black pants is loose. Can you fix it? Of course, sir. Do you want me to put starch in the shirts and iron everything? Yes, fine. But dont put too much starch in the shirts. Everything will be ready tomorrow afternoon. Cant it be in the morning? It cant be sooner than that because we have a lot of orders ahead of yours. O.K. See you tomorrow.
Empleada Mario Mario Mario Empleada Empleada Mario Empleada Mario Empleada Mario
32
Everyday Life
Going to the Dry Cleaner

Dialogues
Action
Spanish
Empleada Entonces, cuatro camisas, dos pantalones, un traje, seis pares de calcetines, cuatro calzoncillos y tres camisetas. Para cundo los quiere? Lo ms pronto posible. Tambin necesito que me ponga un botn en la camisa azul. El ruedo del pantaln negro est suelto. Puede arreglrmelo? Cmo no, seor! Quiere que le ponga almidn en las camisas y que le planche todo? S, est bien. Pero no ponga demasiado almidn en las camisas. Estar todo listo maana por la tarde. No puede ser en la maana? No puede ser antes porque tenemos muchos encargos acumulados. De acuerdo. Hasta maana.
English
Lets see, four shirts, two pairs of pants, a suit, six pairs of socks, four pairs of underwear, and three undershirts. When do you want them? As soon as possible. I also need you to sew a button on the blue shirt. The hem of the black pants is loose. Can you fix it? Of course, sir. Do you want me to put starch in the shirts and iron everything? Yes, fine. But dont put too much starch in the shirts. Everything will be ready tomorrow afternoon. Cant it be in the morning? It cant be sooner than that because we have a lot of orders ahead of yours. O.K. See you tomorrow.
Empleada Thomas Thomas Empleada
Thomas Empleada Thomas Empleada Thomas
33
Finding an Apartment
Dialogues
Story
Spanish
Mario Estoy buscando una casa o un apartamento para cuatro personas. Somos un matrimonio y dos hijos. Desea una casa dentro de la ciudad o en las afueras? Fuera de la ciudad tiene usted la ventaja del precio y del espacio. No, a mi esposa no le gusta vivir en el campo porque le lleva mucho tiempo llegar al trabajo. Podemos ofrecerle una casa cerca del centro con seis dormitorios, cocina, comedor, dos cuartos de bao y una sala de estar. Tambin tiene un garaje de dos plazas y un patio. Pero no est amueblada. No, es que vamos a estar aqu slo un ao. Necesitamos una vivienda amueblada.
English
Im looking for a house or an apartment for four persons. Were a married couple and two children. Do you want a house in the city or in the suburbs? Outside the city you have the advantage of better prices and more space. No, my wife doesnt like to live in the country because it takes her too long to get to work. We can offer you a house near the downtown area with six bedrooms, kitchen and dining room, two bathrooms, and a living room. It also has a two car garage and a patio. But it isnt furnished. No, were only going to be here for a year. We need a place thats furnished.
Agente Agente Mario Agente
Agente Mario
Action
Spanish
Thomas Estoy buscando una casa o un apartamento para cuatro p ersonas. Somos un matrimonio y dos hijos. Desea una casa dentro de la ciudad o en las afueras? Fuera de la ciudad tiene usted la ventaja del precio y del espacio. No, porque me lleva mucho tiempo llegar al trabajo. Y a mi esposa no le gusta vivir en el campo. Podemos ofrecerle una casa cerca del centro con seis dormitorios, cocina y comedor, dos cuartos de bao y una sala de estar. Tambin tiene un garaje de dos plazas y un patio. Pero no est amueblada. No, es que vamos a estar aqu slo un ao. Necesitamos una vivienda amueblada.
English
Im looking for a house or an apartment for four persons. Were a married couple and two children. Do you want a house in the city or in the suburbs? Outside the city you have the advantage of better prices and more space. No, because it would take me too long to get to work. And my wife doesnt like to live in the country. We can offer you a house near the downtown area with six bedrooms, kitchen and dining room, two bathrooms, and a living room. It also has a two car garage and a patio. But it isnt furnished. No, were only going to be here for a year. We need a place thats furnished.
Agente Agente Thomas
Agente
Agente Thomas
34
Everyday Life
Talking About Going Shopping

Dialogues
Story Spanish
Karen Silvia Silvia Silvia Karen Silvia Necesito comprar carne, pescado , verduras, huevos, leche y fruta. Bueno, mira, en este mercado puedes compara lo que quieras. En esta parte tienes la carne de cerdo y de res. El pescado est un poco ms lejos, a la derecha. Y a continuacin, podemos comprar la fruta y las verduras. Es ms barato comprar aqu o en el supermercado? Normalmente, aqu es ms barato, y los productos son ms frescos, sobre todo las verduras. Tambin necesito comprar harina. La harina tienes que comprarla en el supermercado. Aqu no la tienen. Bueno, vamos a empezar con las verduras.
English
I need to buy meat, fish, vegetables, eggs, milk and fruit. Fine, look, in this market you can buy whatever you want. In this part, you can have the pork and beef. The fish is a little further ahead, on the right. And farther on, we can buy fruit and vegetables. Is it cheaper to shop here or at the supermarket? Normally its cheaper here, and the products are fresher, especially the vegetables. I also need to buy flour. You have to buy flour at the supermarket. They dont have it here. O.K. Lets start with the vegetables.
Karen Silvia Karen
Action Spanish
Elena Silvia Silvia Necesito comprar carne, pescado, verduras, huevos, leche y fruta. Bueno, mira, en este mercado puedes comprar lo que quieras. En esta parte tienes la carne de cerdo y de res. El pescado est un poco ms lejos, a la derecha. Y a continuacin, podemos comprar la fruta y las verduras. Es ms barato comprar aqu o en el supermercado? Normalmente, aqu es ms barato, y los productos son ms frescos, sobre todo las verduras. Tambin necesito comprar harina. La harina tienes que comprarla en el supermercado. Aqu no la tienen. Bueno, vamos a empezar por la carnicera.
English
I need to buy meat, fish, vegetables, eggs, milk and fruit. Fine, look, in this market you can buy whatever you want. In this part, you can have the pork and beef. The fish is a little further ahead, on the right. And farther on, we can buy fruit and vegetables. Is it cheaper to shop here or at the supermarket? Normally its cheaper here, and the products are fresher, especially the vegetables. I also need to buy flour. You have to buy flour at the supermarket. They dont have it here. O.K. Lets start at the meat counter.
Silvia Elena Silvia
Elena Silvia Elena
35
Going to the Market

Dialogues
Story Spanish
Mario Carnicero Mario Carnicero Mario Frutera Frutera Mario Johnny Deme dos kilos de chuletas de cerdo, uno de ternera y uno de salchichas. Algo ms? No, gracias. Puede envolverlo todo y meterlo en una bolsa de plstico? Cmo no! Aqu tiene. Quiero medio kilo de limones, cuatro de naranjas, dos de bananas y una sandia. La sandia pesa ms de cinco kilos. Quiere usted una ms pequea? No, sa est bien. Si seguimos comprando tanto, vamos a necesitar una empleada para ayu darte con las compras.
English
Give me two kilos of pork chops, one of veal, and one of sausages. Anything else? No, thanks. Can you wrap it all up and put it in a plastic bag? Of course. Here you are. I want half a kilo of lemons, four of oranges, two of bananas and a watermelon. The watermelon weighs over five kilos. Do you want a smaller one? No, that one is fine. If we keep buying so much, were going to need a maid to help us do the shopping
Action Spanish
Elena Carnicero Elena Carnicero Elena Frutero Elena Silvia Deme dos kilos de chuletas de cerdo, uno de ternera y uno de salchichas. Algo ms? No, gracias. Puede envolverlo todo y meterlo en una bolsa de plstico? Cmo no! Aqu tiene. Quiero medio kilo de limones, cuatro de naranjas, dos de bananas y una sanda. La sanda pesa ms de cinco kilos. Quiere usted una ms pequea? No, sa est bien. Si sigues comprando tanto, vas a necesitar a una empleada para ayudarte co n las compras.
English
Give me two kilos of pork chops, one of veal, and one of sausages. Anything else? No, thanks. Can you wrap it all up and put it in a plastic bag? Of course. Here you are. I want half a kilo of lemons, four of oranges, two of bananas and a watermelon. The watermelon weighs over five kilos. Do you want a smaller one? No, that one is fine. If you keep buying so much, youre going to need a maid to help you do the shopping
36
Everyday Life
Talking to the Maid

Dialogues
Story Spanish
Karen Lupe Karen Lupe, no te olvides de cambiar las sbanas hoy antes de hacer las camas. Paso primero la aspiradora en la sala? No, arregla primero los dormitorios y barre despus el pasillo. Deja la sala para el final. Cundo quiere que lave la ropa? La lavado ra no funciona. Voy a llamar esta tarde a un tcnico para que arregle el aparato. Lleva la ropa a la lavandera cuando vayas a hacer las compras. Quiere que limpie las ventanas tambin? Bueno, si tienes tiempo hoy, limpia las ventanas y quita el polvo a los muebles. A ver cunto tardo en el mercado.
English
Lupe, dont forget to change the sheets today before you make the beds. Should I run the vacuum cleaner in the living room first? No, first straighten up the bedrooms and then sweep the hallway. Leave the living room for last. When do you want me to wash the clothes? The washing machine isnt working. Im going to call this afternoon a repairman to come and fix the machine. Take the clothes to the laundry when you go to do the shopping. Do you want me to wash the windows too? Sure, if you have time today, wash the windows and dust the furniture. Ill see how long it takes me at the market.
Lupe Karen
Karen Lupe Karen Lupe
Action Spanish
Elena Lupe Elena Lupe, no te olvides de cambiar las sbanas hoy antes de hacer las camas. Paso primero la aspiradora en la sala? No, arregla primero los dormitorios y barre despus el pasillo. Deja la sala para el final. Cundo quiere que lave la ropa? La lavadora no funciona. Lleva la ropa a la lavandera cuando vayas a hacer las compras. Voy a llamar esta tarde a un tcnico para que arregle el aparato. Quiere que limpie las ventanas tambin? Bueno, si tienes tiempo hoy, limpia las ventanas y quita el polvo a los muebles. A ver cunto tardo en el mercado.
English
Lupe, dont forget to change the sheets today before you make the beds. Should I run the vacuum cleaner in the living room first? No, first straighten up the bedrooms and then sweep the hallway. Leave the living room for last. When do you want me to wash the clothes? The washing machine isnt working. Take the clothes to the laundry when you go to do the shopping. Im going to call this afternoon a repairman to come and fix the machine. Do you want me to wash the windows too? Sure, if you have time today, wash the windows and dust the furniture. Ill see how long it takes me at the market.
Lupe Elena
Elena Lupe Elena Lupe
37
Talking About Buying Clothing

Dialogues
Story
Spanish
Mario Karen Mario Karen Karen Karen Mario Mario Karen Mario Mario Karen Mario Mario Encontraste el vestido que buscabas? No. Haba uno negro que me gustaba mucho pero la talla era demasiado grande para m. No tenan tallas ms pequeas? S, pero no en negro. Haba uno amarillo horroroso. Encontr una bluse muy linda que hace juego con mi falda gris. Y t, compraste los zapatos? S. Encontr unos zapatos de cuero a muy buen precio. Tambin compr un traje nuevo. Otro traje? Tienes ya tantos! Slo tengo tres y todos viejos. Lo que necesito ahora son camisas. Yo ir contigo a comprarlas. Siempre tienes buen gusto, sabes? De paso me aconsejas con los pantalones.
English
Did you find the dress that you were looking for? No, there was a black one that I liked a lot but the size was too large for me. Didnt they have smaller sizes? Yes, but not in black. There was a yellow one that was horrible. I found a very pretty blouse that matches my gray skirt. And you, did you buy some shoes? Yes. I found some leather shoes at a very good price. I also bought a new suit. Another suit? You already have so many! I only have three and theyre all old. Wh at I need now are shirts. Ill go with you to buy them. You always have the best of taste, you know. You can give me some advice about the pants then, while youre at it.
38
Everyday Life
Talking About Buying Clothing

Dialogues
Action Spanish
Thomas Elena Thomas Elena Elena Encontraste el vestido que buscabas? No. Haba uno negro que me gustaba mucho pero la talla era demasiado grande para m. No tenan tallas ms pequeas? S, pero no en negro. Haba uno amarillo horroroso. Encontr una blusa muy linda que hace juego con mi falda gris. Y t, compraste los zapatos? S. Encontr unos zapatos de cuero a muy buen precio. Tambin compr un traje nuevo. Otro traje? Tienes ya tantos! Slo tengo tres y todos viejos. Lo que necesito ahora son camisas. Yo ir contigo a comprarlas. No siempre tienes buen gusto, sabes? De paso me aconsejas con los pantalones.
English
Did you find the dress that you were looking for? No, there was a black one that I liked a lot but the size was too large for me. Didnt they have smaller sizes? Yes, but not in black. There was a yellow one that was horrible. I found a very pretty blouse that matches my gray skirt. And you, did you buy some shoes? Yes. I found some leather shoes at a very good price. I also bought a new suit. Another suit? You already have so many! I only have three and theyre all old. What I need now are shirts. Ill go with you to buy them. You dont always have the best o f taste, you know. You can give me some advice about the pants, then, while youre at it.
Thomas
Elena Thomas Elena Thomas
39
At the Gas Station

Dialogues
Story
Spanish
Mario Empleado Empleado Mario Empleado Mario Empleado Mario Mario Empleado Mario Empleado Llneme el tanque con super, por favor. S seor. Me parece que tiene una llanta desinflada. Quiere que le ponga aire? Ah, s, por favor. Puede revisarme tambin el aceite y el agua? Ahora mismo. Todo est bien, pero le puse un poco de aceite. Bien. Puedo pagar con tarjeta de crdito? No seor. Tiene usted que pagar en efectivo. No aceptamos tarjetas. No s si va a alcanzarme. Cunto es? Treinta pesos. Ah, pues s, mire. Tengo justo esa cantidad. Aqu tiene. Espere a que le limpie el parabrisas.
English
Fill the tank with super, please. Yes, sir. I think you have a flat tire. Do you want me to p ut some air in it? Oh, yes, please. Can you also check the oil and the water for me? Right away. Everythings fine, but I put in a little oil. Good. Can I pay with a credit card? No, sir. You have to pay cash. We dont take credit cards. I dont know if I have enough. How much it is? Thirty pesos. Oh, yes, look. I have just that amount. Here you are. Wait until I clean your windshield.
Action
Spanish
Elena Empleado Elena Empleado Elena Empleado Elena Empleado Elena Empleado Llneme el tanque con super, por favor. S, seora. Me parece que tiene una llanta desinflada. Quiere que le ponga aire? Ah, s, por favor. Puede revisarme tambin el aceite y el agua? Ahora mismo. Todo est bien, pero le puse un poco de aceite. Bien. Puedo pagar con tarjeta de crdito? No seo ra. Tiene usted que pagar en efectivo. No aceptamos tarjetas. No s si va a alcanzarme. Cunto es? Treinta pesos. Ah, pues s, mire. Tengo justo esa cantidad. Aqu tiene. Espere a que le limpie el parabrisas.
English
Fill the tank with super, please. Yes, maam. I think you have a flat tire. Do you want me to put some air in it? Oh, yes, please. Can you also check the oil and the water for me? Right away. Everythings fine, but I put in a little oil. Good. Can I pay with a credit card? No, maam. You have to pay cash. We dont take credit cards. I dont know if I have enough. How much it is? Thirty pesos. Oh, yes, look. I have just that amount. Here you are. Wait until I clean your windshield.
40
Everyday Life
Talking About Family

Dialogues
Story Spanish
Karen Hemos recibido una carta de tus padres hoy. Dicen que estuvieron en Florida con tu hermano. Y qu ms? Estn pensando en venir de vacaciones para Navidad, pero tu mam no sabe si tendr muchos das libres. Qu raro! Ella ya no trabaja. No, pero tu cuada quiere pasar unos das con ellos en esas fechas. Sabes que les gusta ver a sus nietos. Pues aqu tienen dos nietos tambin! No es para tomarlo a mal. Pueden venir en Semana Santa. Hace mejor tiempo y tambin es el cumpleaos del pequeo. Como t quieras.
English
We got a letter from your parents today. They said they were in Florida with your brother. And what else? Theyre thinking about coming for a vacation at Christmas, but your mom doesnt know if shell have many days free. How strange! She doesnt work any more. No, but your sister in-law wants to spend a few days with them then. You know they like to see their grandkids. Well they have two grandchildren here too! Dont take it the wrong way. They can come here for Easter week. The weathers better, and its also the babys birthday. Have it your way.
Mario Karen
Mario Karen
Mario Karen Karen
Mario
Action Spanish
Elena Hemos recibido carta de tus padres hoy. Dicen que estuvieron en Florida con tu hermano. Y qu ms? Estn pensando en venir de vacaciones para Navidad, pero tu mam no sabe si tendr muchos das libres. Qu raro! Ella ya no trabaja. No, pero tu cuada quiere pasar unos das con ellos en esas fechas. Sabes que les gusta ver a sus nietos. Pues aqu tienen dos nietos tambin! No es para tomarlo a mal. Pueden venir en Semana Santa. Hace mejor tiempo y tambin es el cumpleaos del pequeo. Como t quieras.
English
We got a letter from your parents today. They said they were in Florida with your brother. And what else? Theyre thinking about coming for a vacation at Christmas, but your mom doesnt know if shell have many days free. How strange! She doesnt work any more. No, but your sister in law wants to spend a few days with them then. You know how much they like to see their grandchildren. Well they have two grandchildren here too! Dont take it the wrong way. They can come here for Easter week. The weathers better, and its also the babys birthday. Have it your way.
Thomas Elena
Thomas Elena
Thomas Elena Elena Thomas
41
Going to the Beauty Salon

Dialogues
Story
Spanish
Susy Quera cortarme el pelo, pero no mucho. Slo las puntas. El flequillo djelo como est. Quiere lavarse el pelo antes? S, pero tengo el pelo muy seco. Puede ponerme un buen acondicionador? Cmo no! No piensa usted hacerse una permanente? Le quedara muy bien. S, ya lo he pensado. Lo que pasa es que a mi no me gustan los rizos. No, es que le dara un poco ms de volmen. Eso me vendra bien a m porque no quiero parecer calva.
English
I wanted to cut my hair, but not very much. Just the ends. Leave the bangs the way they are. Do you want a shampoo first? Yes, but my hairs very dry. Can you put a good conditioner on it? Of course! Of course! Youre not thinking about getting a permanent? It would look good on you. Yes, Ive thought about it. The problem is that I dont like curls.
No, it would just give you a little more body. Thats what I need, because I dont want to look bald.
Peluquera Susy Peluquera Peluquera

Susy Susy Peluquera Susy
Action
Spanish
Elena Quera cortarme el pelo, pero no mucho. Slo las puntas. El flequillo djelo como est. Quiere lavarse el pelo antes? S, pero tengo el pelo muy seco. Puede ponerme un buen acondicionador? Cmo no! No piensa usted hacerse una permanente? Le quedara muy bien. S, ya lo he pensado. Lo que pasa es que a mi marido no le gustan los rizos. No, es que le dara un poco ms de volumen. Eso le vendra bien a mi marido porque se est quedando casi calvo. El problema con los hombres es que no se cuidan mucho.
English
I wanted to cut my hair, but not very much. Just the ends. Leave the bangs the way they are. Do you want a shampoo first? Yes, but my hairs very dry. Can you put a good conditioner on it? Of course! Youre not thinking about getting a permanent? It would look good on you. Yes, Ive thought about it. The problem is that my husband doesnt like curls. No, it would just give you a little more body. Thats what my husband needs, because hes practically going bald. The problem with men is that they dont take good care of themselves.
Peluquera Elena Peluquera Elena Peluquera Elena Peluquera
42
Grammar Topics
NOUNS
Gender of Nouns
In Spanish, all nouns are either masculine or feminine in gender. This is merely a grammatical concept; it does not mean that Spanish speakers perceive things as having male or female attributes. Nouns that refer to male people or animals, and most nouns that end in -o are masculine in gender. (One common exception is la mano, the hand). Most nouns that refer to female people or animals, and most nouns that end in -a, -cin, -dad or -tad are feminine in gender. (Some exceptions are el da, el problema, el drama, and el programa). Nouns that have other endings, or nouns that are exceptions to the rules, must be memorized: el billete, el dlar, el valor, etc.
Grammar
Plural of Nouns
Spanish nouns that end in a vowel form plurals by adding the letter -s. Nouns that end in a consonant add -es. Nouns that end in the consonant -z change the -z to -c before adding -es: el lpiz (pencil), pl. los lpices. Nouns that have the last syllable accented in the singular form will lose the accent mark when the noun is plural: la conversacin, las conversaciones; la razn (reason), las razones, etc. As well, when the noun is plural the definite and indefinite articles must be used in the plural form: un hombre>unos hombres; la conversacin>las conversaciones. Unos and unas mean some, several or a few. In Spanish, the masculine plural form of a noun is used when referring to a group made up of males and females: los amigos (includes both male and female friends).
Definite and Indefinite Articles

In English, the definite article is the, and the indefinite article is a, or an. In Spanish, the articles have four forms, and they must agree with the noun in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or feminine). See the following: Masculine Definite Articles el los Feminine la (singular) las (plural)
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Indefinite Articles
un unos
una (singular) unas (plural)
Examples: el aeropuerto, los billetes, la empleada, las oficinas, un hombre, unos dlares, una seora, unas conversaciones.
Grammar
Contractions Del and Al

In Spanish, there are only two contractions, del and al, and they are obligatory. Whenever you have the definite article el immediately following the preposition de, you must make the contraction del. Whenever you have the definite article el immediately following the preposition a, you must make the contraction al. Es el dinero del seor Gonzlez. (de + el) Vamos al hotel. (a + el) Note: De and a do not contract with any of the other articles. Es el dinero de la seor Garca. Es el dinero de los pasajeros. Vamos a la oficina. Vamos a las reuniones. In Spanish, the word a immediately precedes the direct object of a sentence when the direct object refers to a specific person or persons. This personal a, which has no equivalent in English, forms contractions in the same manner as the preposition a. Thomas llama a la secretaria. Thomas llama al secretario. Voy a ver a la seor Garcia. Voy a ver al seor Garcia.
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PRONOUNS
Subject Pronouns
The subject pronoun which indicates who is doing the action generally precedes the verb. The forms are: Singular I you (informal) you (formal) it, he it, she yo t usted l ella Plural we you (informal) you (formal) they they nosotros, nosotras vosotros, vosotras ustedes ellos ellas
Grammar
Nosotros and vosotros have feminine forms (nosotras, vosotras) when referring to a group made up entirely of women. If the group contains both males and females, the masculine form is used. Similarly, ellos can refer to a group made up of both men and women, while ellas refers to a group made up entirely of females.
Use of Subject Pronouns

Because most verb endings in Spanish tell who is doing the action, it is not necessary to use the subject pronouns in most cases: Trabajo en esta compaia (the verb ending -o indicates that the subject of the sentence is I). Only when there is a chance of confusion, or if the speaker wants to emphasize who is doing the action, is the subject pronoun used: Ella es espaola, pero l es norteamericano (the verb es can have as a subject he and she); Yo quiero comer ahora (the yo is used only for emphasis, but is not necessary). In English, the subject it is always mentioned: it is interesting, here it is, where is it?, etc. In Spanish, however, the subject pronoun it is rarely, if ever, expressed. The verb stands alone, and the subject it is understood: Es interestante, aqu est, dnde est? etc.
Formal and Informal You

Spanish has two forms of you, the formal (usted [Ud.] ustedes [Uds.]) and the informal (t, vosotros). There are no hard and fast rules for when to use one form or the other but, in general, if you know the person well enough to call him or her by his or her first name, use t. If you address the person by Mr., Miss, or Mrs. with a last name, use usted (commonly abbreviated as Ud.) If you are unsure about which form to use, it is better to start off with usted. The native speaker can suggest that you use t if it is more appropriate.
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In Spain, a distinction is made between the plural forms ustedes (formal) and vosotros/vosotras (informal). In Spanish America, however, ustedes is used for both formal and informal situations. Use the plural whenever you are directly addressing more than one person.
Direct Object Pronouns

Grammar
The direct object of a sentence answers the question what? or whom?: What do you want to see? (The city); Whom do you see on the balcony? (My wife). To replace the direct object noun with a pronoun, you must choose the correct direct object pronoun, the one that reflects the number and gender of the noun it replaces: me te lo, la lo, la me you (informal) you (formal) him, her, it nos os los, las los, las us you all (informal) you (formal) them
Notice that the direct object pronouns, like the indirect object pronouns, immediately precede the conjugated verb: (A m?) Si, ellos me conocen. (A Elena?) Yo no la conozco. (El dinero?) Lo tengo aqu. (Las maletas?) No las veo. The pronoun can instead be attached to an infinitive: Lo voy a ver or Voy a verlo. Te quiero ayudar or Quiero ayudarte.
Indirect Object Pronouns

The indirect object of a sentence usually answers the question to whom? or for whom?: Roberto me da un regalo (Roberto gives a present to me); Yo te compro este libro (Ill buy this book for you). To replace the indirect object noun with a pronoun, you must choose the correct form that corresponds to the noun: me te le le to me to you (informal) to you (formal) to him, to her nos os les les to us to you all (informal) to you all (formal) to them
Sometimes native speakers will use le or les as both the direct and indirect object pronoun when they are referring to a male person. If you are not sure which form to use (le or lo) when talking about a man, you can almost always use le.
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Pronouns
Placement of Object Pronouns

Both direct and indirect object pronouns immediately precede a conjugated verb: Thomas le pide el nmero; Ahora mismo le doy el regalo; Roberto me recibe y me hace pasar; Yo te indico dnde est la oficina; No lo conocemos. These pronoun forms can also be attached to an infinitive: Puede decirme dnde estn los servicios?; Podemos hacerle un precio especial; Vas a llamarme? They can also be attached to gerunds: Estoy comprndoles los libros; Estamos buscndolo. With an affirmative command, the pronoun is also attached to the end of the verb: (Las maletas?) Pngalas aqu; Djelo; Trigame una cerveza. With a negative command, the pronoun precedes the verb: No las ponga all; No me diga.
Grammar
Sequence of Object Pronouns

When both a direct and indirect object pronoun appear in a sentence, the indirect object pronoun will precede the direct object pronoun: Me lo dice; Te la mando ahora. When both the direct and indirect object pronouns are in the third person, the indirect object pronoun must be replaced by se: indirect object + direct object le, les + lo/la/los/las Le das los libros a Silvia? Are you giving the books to Silvia? S, se los doy. Yes, Im giving them to her. Les compras los juguetes? Are you buying the toys for them? S, se los compro. Yes, Im buying them for them. Me trae un caf? Will you bring me a coffee? S, se lo traigo ahora. Yes, Ill bring it to you [formal] now.
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Note that when object pronouns are attached to affirmative commands, gerunds, or infinitives, you may need to add an accent mark to preserve the stress of the word: Bscalo; Estoy buscndolo; Trigamelo; Voy a trarselo; but Voy a traerlo.
Some Uses of Se
l.
Grammar
As the impersonal subject you, one, people: Se come bien en este restaurante. (One eats well in this restaurant.); Cmo se dice today en espaol? (How does one say today in Spanish?); Nunca se sabe (One never knows). Notice that in this construction, the verb is always in the third person singular. In passive constructions: Aqu se habla espaol (Spanish is spoken here); Se venden libros (Books are sold). Notice that in these constructions the verb may be in the third person singular or plural, depending on whether the thing youre referring to (the grammatical subject) is singular or plural. With a reflexive verb to indicate that the subject and object of the action are the same person: Roberto se viste. (Roberto is getting dressed.) To express mutual or reciprocal actions, generally expressed in English as each other: Elena y Thomas se besan. (Elena and Thomas are kissing each other.)
2.
3. 4.
Some Uses of Lo
The word lo can be a direct object pronoun; him, it, you but it can also function as a neuter article to describe an abstract idea. In English, this structure is usually expressed by the...thing. Lo ms importante es que ustedes lleguen a tiempo (The most important thing is that you all arrive on time). Lo malo es que Thomas no puede encontrar una casa amueblada (The bad thing is that Thomas cant find a furnished house). Lo can also refer to a whole situation: djelo (forget the whole thing). No lo comprendo (I dont understand anything).
Possessive Pronouns
A possessive pronoun is used to replace a noun phrase that starts with a possessive adjective. Examples: I like your dress. She likes their house. I like yours. She likes theirs.
The Spanish possessive pronouns are used with the definite articles and agree in number and gender with the object possessed, not with the speaker. 48
Pronouns
The possessive pronouns in Spanish are: Singular el mo el tuyo el suyo el nuestro el vuestro el suyo la ma la tuya la suya la nuestra la vuestra la suya Plural los mos los tuyos los suyos los nuestros los vuestros los suyos las mas las tuyas las suyas las nuestras las vuestras las suyas
Grammar
To select the right possessive pronoun, one needs to determine the gender and number of the object possessed and the person to whom it belongs. Examples: *Me gusta tu reloj. I like your watch. Me gusta el tuyo. I like yours.
In this case, el tuyo replaces tu reloj because the object (reloj) is masculine singular and belongs to t, the second person singular. *Nuestra casa est a la venta. Our house is for sale. La nuestra est a la venta. Ours is for sale.
In this case, la nuestra replaces nuestra casa because the object (casa) is feminine singular and belongs to nosotros, the first person plural.
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ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS

Agreement of Adjectives
Grammar
Adjectives of nationality and adjectives that end in -o have four forms in Spanish to reflect gender (masculine, feminine) and number (singular, plural). The adjective must agree in gender and number with the noun it describes: el hombre mexicano, la mujer mexicana, los hombres mexicanos, las mujeres mexicanas, un hotel bueno, una cerveza buena, unos hoteles buenos, unas cervezas buenas, etc. Adjectives that end in -e or in a consonant have only two forms; singular and plural. These adjectives do not normally reflect gender: un hombre interesante, una mujer interesante, unos hombres interesantes, unas mujeres interesantes, un precio especial, una comida especial, unos precios especiales, unas comidas especiales.
Placement of Adjectives
Adjectives that describe the qualities of a noun (what something or someone is like) generally follow the noun in Spanish: un precio especial, un hotel bueno, una mujer inteligente, etc. Adjectives of quantity and demonstrative adjectives precede the noun: cinco habitaciones, muchos taxis, pocas personas, otro da, este da, esta noche. Occasionally, you will notice that native speakers change some of these rules. For example, you may sometimes hear a native speaker place a descriptive adjective in front of the noun: un nuevo chofer, un buen da, unos excelentes hoteles. These changes are for stylistic purposes and only slightly alter the meaning, placing more emphasis on the adjective than usual. An exception to this is grande. Before a noun, grande becomes gran, and means important or great.
Possessive Adjectives
The most common way to express possession in Spanish is with what are referred to as the unstressed possessive adjectives: SINGULAR mi, mis- my tu, tus- your, informal su, sus- your, formal su, sus- his, her, its PLURAL nuestro/a/os/as- our uestro/a/os/as- your, informal [Spain] su, sus- your su, sus- their
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Adjectives and Adverbs
The possessive adjective preceeds the noun to which it refers. The ending of the adjective reflects the number of the thing possessed: mi casa, mis libros, nuestra casa, nuestros libros, su casa, sus libros, etc. Nuestro and vuestro reflect gender (masculine or feminine) as well as number of the object possessed (not of the owner): nuestras amigas, vuestros amigos, etc. Since su and sus can have multiple meanings (your, formal, singular and plural; his; her; its; their, masculine or feminine), another structure is sometimes used instead for clarification: definite article + noun + de + possessor (subject pronoun). su libro = el libro de... usted l ella Juan ustedes ellos ellas Juan y Mara
Grammar
Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns

this/these este/estos esta/estas that/those (nearby) ese/esos esa/esas that/those (over there) aquel/aquellos aquella/aquellas
When used as adjectives, the demonstratives precede the noun and must agree in number and gender with the noun they describe: este hotel, esa comida, aquellos hombres, etc. When used as a pronoun (this one, that one, these, those, etc.), the demonstratives have accent marks: este libro y se (this book and that one); esta puerta y sa (this door and that one), etc. The difference between ese and aquel is one of relative distance. The thing farthest away from the speaker is aquel, whereas ese implies that it is a bit closer. In addition to the demonstrative adjectives, the demonstrative pronouns also include a series of neutral forms. These forms do not carry an accent mark. esto eso aquello 51
They refer to either something that has not being identified or to abstract ideas. For example: Qu es esto? What is this?
In this instance, the neutral form is used because the speaker does not recognize the object to which s/he is referring. Eso es una buena idea. Thats a good idea.
Grammar
In this instance, eso refers to an abstract idea, and therefore the neutral form is used.
Formation of Adverbs
Just as one can identify English adverbs by their ending in -ly (quickly, fairly), one can recognize many Spanish adverbs by their -mente ending. To form these adverbs, the ending -mente is added to the feminine form of a descriptive adjective: Masculine Adjective claro triste fcil Feminine Adjective clara triste fcil Adverb claramente (clearly) tristemente (sadly) fcilmente (happily)
If the feminine form of the adjective carries a written accent mark, it must be kept in its adverbial form, as in the last example above.
Placement of Adverbs
The placement of adverbs in Spanish does not follow any steadfast rule, though they are usually placed after the verb they modify: Examples: l escribe rpidamente. Ella lo aprende fcilmente. He writes quickly. She learns it easily.
Many adverbs that refer to time and space, however, come at the beginning of the sentence. Aqu no hay queso. Hoy voy a la playa. There is no cheese here. Im going to the beach today.
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Mucho, Muy, and Poco

Mucho (a lot, many) and poco (a few, few) can be either adjectives or adverbs. An adjective modifies a noun, while an adverb usually modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. When they are adjectives, they precede the noun, and they have four forms reflecting number and gender: mucho, mucha, muchos, muchas. For example, mucha (poca) cerveza, muchos (pocos) hombres, mucho (poco) dinero, muchas (pocas) amigas. To express very large or small amounts of something, use muchsimo and poqusimo.
Grammar
When mucho and poco are adverbs, they do not change form. They generally follow the verb, and mean very much or very little: Roberto trabaja mucho (poco). Muy is an adverb. It means very: muy rpido, muy interestante, muy bien. Never use muy with mucho. To express very large or very small amounts of something, use muchsimo/a and poqusimo/a.
Comparisons of Equality
To compare nouns, adjectives, or adverbs that are equal (as ... as; as much/many ... as) use these formulas: tan + adjective or adverb + como Eduardo es tan inteligente como Roberto. Eduardo is as intelligent as Roberto. Eduardo habla tan rpido como Roberto. Eduardo speaks as quickly as Roberto. tanto/a/os/as + noun + como Tengo tanto dinero como t. I have as much money as you. Bebo tanta cerveza como t. I drink as much beer as you. Ella tiene tantos amigos como yo. She has as many friends as I. Ella tiene tantas amigas como yo. She has as many friends (f.) as I. Notice that tanto will agree in number and gender with the noun it describes: tantas horas, tantos das, etc. 53
Comparisons of Inequality
When you are comparing things that are not equal (more than; less than, better than, etc.), use these formulas: ms + adjective/adverb/noun + que = more than menos + adjective/adverb/noun + que = less than
Grammar
Roberto es ms inteligente que Pablo. Roberto is more intelligent than Pablo. Pablo es menos inteligente que Roberto. Pablo is less intelligent than Roberto. Roberto habla ms rpido que Pablo. Roberto speaks more quickly than Pablo. Pablo habla menos rpido que Roberto. Pablo speaks less rapidly than Roberto. Roberto tiene ms amigos que Pablo. Roberto has more friends than Pablo. Pablo tiene menos amigos que Roberto. Pablo has less (fewer) friends than Roberto. Some comparison forms are irregular and must be memorized. bueno/bien malo/mal joven viejo mejor- better peor- worse menor- younger mayor- older
Interrogative Words
Cmo? (How, what?) Cmo ests? (How are you?) Cmo te llamas? (What is your name?) 54
Dnde? (Where?) Dnde est el hotel? (Where is the hotel?) Qu? (What?) Qu hora es? (What time is it?) Qu es esto? (What is this?) Qu necesita usted? (What do you need?)
Grammar
Cunto? Cunta? (How much?) Cuntos? Cuntas? (How many?) Cuntos das? (How many days?) Cunto dinero necesitas? (How much money do you need?) Cuntas cervezas quieres comprar? (How many beers do you want to buy?) Cuntas personas? (How many people?) Cundo? (When?) Cundo llegas? (When do you arrive?) Quin? Quines? (Who?) Quin es ella? (Who is she?) Quines son ellos? (Who are they?)
Negative and Indefinite Words

nada nadie ningn ninguno/a nunca tampoco ni... ni nothing no one no, none no, none never neither neither nor algo alguien algn alguno/a/os/as siempre tambin o... o something someone some, any some, any always also either or
Spanish uses a double negative with no preceding the verb, and a negative word following the verb: No conozco a nadie (literally, I dont know no one); No trabajo nunca; No hablo francs tampoco; No tengo nada, etc. In addition, to answer a yes-no question in the negative, you would use another no: Necesita usted algo? No, no necesito nada. Note that before a masculine singular noun, ninguno and alguno drop the final -o and take a written accent on the u: ningn taxi, algn restaurante, but ninguna cajera, de ninguna manera (no way). 55
VERBS
Present Tense Indicative: Regular Verbs
Grammar
In Spanish, all infinitive forms of verbs end in -ar, -er, or -ir. The stem of the verb is the infinitive form less the -ar, -er, or -ir ending. All regular verbs are conjugated in the present tense of the indicative by adding the following personal endings to the stem of the verb: -ar verbs yo t l, ella, Ud. nosotros/as vosotros/as ellos, ellas, Uds. -ir verbs yo t l, ella, Ud nosotros/as vosotros/as ellos, ellas, Uds. -o -es -e -imos -s -en -o -as -a -amos -is -an -er verbs yo t l, ella, Ud. nosotros/as vosotros/as ellos, ellas, Uds. -o -es -e -emos -is -en
SAMPLE CONJUGATIONS Hablar (to speak) stem: hablhablo hablas habla hablamos hablis hablan 56 Comer (to eat) stem: comcomo comes come comemos comis comen Vivir (to live) stem: vivvivo vives vive vivimos vivs viven
Verbs
Common Regular Verbs

Some common regular verbs ending in -ar are: bailar (to dance), buscar (to look for), cambiar (to change, to exchange), comprar (to buy), desear (to want), estudiar (to study), hablar (to speak), llegar (to arrive), necesitar (to need), pagar (to pay for), preguntar (to ask), regresar (to return), tomar (to take, to drink), trabajar (to work).
Grammar
Some common regular verbs ending in -er are: aprender (to learn), beber (to drink), comer (to eat), comprender (to understand), creer (to think), leer (to read). Some common regular verbs ending in -ir are: abrir (to open), asistir (to attend), escribir (to write), insistir (to insist), recibir (to receive), vivir (to live). All of these verbs will follow the patterns you have just learned.
Stem-Changing Verbs
Some verbs do not follow the pattern of regular present tense verbs, and must be memorized. For example, the yo forms of salir, tener, and venir are irregular: salgo, tengo, and vengo. In addition, for other forms of tener and venir as well as preferir and querer, when the stem vowel -e- is stressed, it becomes ie: tienes, vienes, prefieres, quieres, and so on. In the same manner, the stem vowel -o- in poder becomes ue when stressed: puedes. In vocabulary lists, these changes are listed in parentheses beside the infinitive verb: preferir (ie); poder (ue), and so on. TENER (to have) tengo tienes tiene PODER (to be able) puedo puedes puede podemos podis pueden tenemos tenis tienen QUERER (to want) quiero quieres quiere VENIR (to come) vengo vienes viene venimos vens vienen queremos queris quieren
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PREFERIR (to prefer) prefiero prefieres prefiere preferimos prefers prefieren
SALIR (to leave) salgo sales sale salimos sals salen
Stem-Changing Verbs: Present Tense

Grammar
Many verbs change the stem vowel to a dipthong in the present tense. They are conjugated as follows: e > ie PENSAR (to think) pienso piensas piensa e > i (ir verbs only) PEDIR (to ask for) pido pides pide pedimos peds piden pensamos pensis piensan o or u > ue VOLVER (to return) vuelvo vuelves vuelve volvemos volvis vuelven
Notice that the nosotros and vosotros forms of the verbs do not have stem changes, whereas the others do.
More Stem-Changing Verbs

e > ie cerrar (to close) empezar (to begin) pensar (to think) perder (to lose) preferir (to prefer) querer (to want) o or u > ue almorzar (to eat lunch) dormir (to sleep) jugar (to play (games)) poder (to be able) volver ( to return) e>i pedir (to ask for) servir (to serve)
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Verbs
Irregular Verbs in the Present Tense

These verbs are commonly used and, since they do not follow the pattern you have learned for regular verbs, they must be memorized. IR (to go) DAR (to give) TRAER (to bring) PONER (to put) OIR (to hear) voy doy traigo pongo oigo vamos damos traemos ponemos decimos omos vas das traes pones dices oyes vais dais trais ponis decs os va da trae pone dice oye van dan traen ponen dicen oyen
Grammar
DECIR (to tell, say) digo
Ser and Estar (to be)

Spanish has two verbs that mean to be: ser and estar. Both are irregular in the present tense indicative, and their forms must be memorized. SER soy eres es somos sois son ESTAR estoy ests est estamos estis estn
Notice that many forms of estar have written accent marks.
Some Uses of Ser and Estar

Ser and estar have numerous uses which you will learn throughout your Spanish studies. Ser can be used with many impersonal expressions, such as es importante, es interesante, es ridculo. In addition, some of the common uses of ser include: to identify a person or a thing Soy el secretario de la seora Garza. to tell time, the day of the week or the date Hoy es domingo. Es el diez de mayo. Son las nueve de la maana. 59
to express national origin Nosotros somos de Mxico, pero ellos son de Uruguay. to describe the characteristics or traits of a person or thing Mara es inteligente. Yo soy tmido. El restaurante es grande, pero bueno. to tell what someone does for a living
Grammar
Antonia es profesora y yo soy ingeniera. Some comon uses of the verb estar are: to tell location of a person or thing Estoy en el restaurante. to desribe the emotional or physical condition or someone or something Octavio y Juan estn ocupados. Alicia est bien, pero yo estoy mal.
The Verb Gustar

The verb gustar literally means to be pleasing to but it is most commonly translated as to like in English. I like this hotel becomes Me gusta este hotel (literally, This hotel is pleasing to me). To talk about what other people like or dislike, use the appropriate indirect object pronoun form in front of the verb. To whom is something pleasing? me (to me) te (to you [informal]) le (to you [formal], to him, to her) nos (to us) os (to you [informal]) les (to you [formal], to him, to her)
When you are describing your own likes and dislikes, use the indirect object pronoun me before the verb. Generally, gustar is used in just two ways: gusta (for one thing that is pleasing) or gustan (for more than one thing that is pleasing): Me gusta el restaurante; Me gustan los tacos. To say that you dont like something, place a no in front of the indirect object pronoun: No me gusta el hotel; No me gustan las enchiladas. Avoid using gustar to talk about liking people, as it has sexual connotations in some regions. What is pleasing? El hotel? Me gusta el hotel, Te gusta el hotel, Le gusta el hotel, Nos gusta el hotel, Os gusta el hotel, Les gusta el hotel. Los tacos? Me gustan los tacos, Te gustan los tacos, Le gustan los tacos, Nos gustan los tacos, Os gustan los tacos, Les gustan los tacos. Notice that the verb form, gusta or gustan, agrees in singular or plural with its grammatical subject, the thing or things that are pleasing, not with the person that is pleased. Finally, when a verb follows gustar, it will be in the infinitive: Me gusta comer tacos. 60
Verbs
Verbs Like Gustar

Several verbs in Spanish follow the same pattern as the verb gustar: doler (ue)- to hurt encantar- to like a lot faltar- to be lacking fascinar- to fascinate fastidiar- to upset, bother hacer falta- to be lacking importar- to be important interesar- to be of interest molestar- to bother, annoy
Grammar
parecer- to seem, appear preocupar- to worry (someone) quedar- to remain, be left
(A m) Me molestan los embotellamientos de trfico. Traffic jams bother me. (A ti) Te interesan estos libros? Do these books interest you? (A usted) Le fascinan las representaciones folklricas. The folkloric shows fascinate you. (A Elena) Le encanta el pescado. She likes fish a lot. (A nosotras) No nos queda mucho tiempo. We dont have much time left. (A vosotros) Os preocupa la idea? Does the idea worry you? (A ustedes) Les faltan 30,000 pesos. They lack 30,000 pesos. (A ellas) Les duele la cabeza. They have headaces.
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Saber vs. Conocer

Both saber and conocer mean to know, but they are not used interchangeably. Saber is to know information (No s el nmero de telfono; Sabe usted dnde est el restaurante?), or to know how to do something (No sabemos conducir). Conocer is to know a person (Conozco a la Sra. Garca; Conoces a mi hermana?), or to be familiar with a place or a thing (No conocen la ciudad). Both verbs are irregular and must be memorized. SABER CONOCER conozco conoces conoce conocemos conocis conocen
Grammar
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s sabes sabe sabemos sabis saben
Pedir vs. Preguntar

Both pedir and preguntar mean to ask, but they are not interchangeable. Preguntar means to ask a question: Roberto le pregunta dnde est la oficina (Roberto asks her where the office is). Pedir means to ask for something, and is also used to mean to order (in a restaurant): Roberto le pide informacin (Roberto asks her for information). Roberto pide los tacos (Roberto orders tacos). Pedir is slightly irregular, and should be memorized. PEDIR (to ask for, to order) pido pedimos pides peds pide piden
Verbs
Hacer (to do, make)

The verb hacer is irregular in the present tense. You must memorize it. HACER (to make, to do) hago hacemos haces hacis hace hacen
The word do in English questions such as Do you speak Spanish? is not translated into Spanish: Habla usted espaol? The verb hacer is used to ask the question Qu hace usted? (What are you doing?), but the answer to this question generally involves a verb other than hacer: Leo un libro (Im reading a book), etc. Answer with hacer only when you are actually making something: Hago un pastel (Im making a cake).
Grammar
The Meaning of Hay

Hay is an irregular form of the the verb haber. It means there is or there are, and it is used to point out the existence or presence of someone or something: Hay un restaurante bueno cerca de aqu. There is a good restaurant close to here. Hay muchos taxis en la calle. There are many taxis in the street. Hay cinco socios en la firma. There are five partners in the firm. Hay diez empleados en la oficina. There are ten employees in the office. When referring to the past, the verb form becomes haba (imperfect) or sometimes hubo: Haba (Hubo) un restaurante bueno cerca de aqu. There was a good restaurant close to here. Haba (Hubo) muchos taxis en la calle. There were many taxis in the street. Haba (Hubo) cinco socios en la firma. There were five partners in the firm. Haba (Hubo) diez empleados en la oficina. There were ten employees in the office. 63
Note: Hay, haba, and hubo point out the existence or presence of something. If you are pointing out the location of specific persons or things, use a form of estar: Roberto est en casa. Roberto is at home. Silvia y Elena estn en el mercado.
Grammar
Silvia and Elena are at the market. La carta est en la mesa. The letter is on the table. Los libros estn en el suelo. The books are on the floor.
Some Idioms with Tener

An idiom is an expression that cannot be translated literally from one language to another. A number of idioms in Spanish involve the verb tener, and must be memorized. tener ...aos tener hambre tener sed tener fro tener calor tener prisa tener sueo tener razn no tener razn tener miedo (de) tener ganas (de) tener que + infinitive to be ...years old to be hungry to be thirsty to be cold to be hot to be in a hurry to be sleepy to be right to be wrong to be afraid of to feel like (doing something) to have to (do something)
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Verbs
Some Uses of Hace

The verb form hace is used in many weather expressions. These are idioms and should be memorized. Qu tiempo hace? Hace buen tiempo. Hace mal tiempo. Hace fro. Hace calor. Hace viento. Hace sol. Hace fresco. Whats the weather like? The weather is nice. The weather is bad.
Grammar
Its cold. Its hot. Its windy. Its sunny. Its cool.
When used with a time expression and a verb in the present tense, (desde) hace means for a certain amount of time: (Desde) Hace un mes estoy en Mxico (I have been in Mexico for a month). When used with the past tense, it means ago: Lo conoc hace seis aos (I met him six years ago).
Reflexive Verbs and Pronouns

A number of verbs in Spanish are reflexive, and are always used with a reflexive pronoun. The pronoun form corresponds to, or reflects the subject (the person doing the action), and immediately precedes the conjugated verb. MARCHARSE (yo) me marcho (t) te marchas (Ud., l, ella) se marcha (nostros/as) nos marchamos (vosotros/as) os marchis (Uds., ellos, ellas) se marchan
The reflexive pronouns can also be attached to infinitives: Tengo que irme; to gerunds: Est bandose; and to affirmative commands: Levntate. With negative commands, the pronoun precedes the verb: No te vayas.
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Common Reflexive Verbs

acostarse (ue) levantarse afeitarse llamarse to go to bed to get up to shave to be named (called) to take a bath to put on (clothes) to wake up to take off (clothes) to enjoy oneself to sit down to fall asleep to feel to wash (oneself) to get dressed
Grammar
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baarse ponerse despertarse (ie) quitarse divertirse (ie) sentarse dormirse (ue) sentirse (ie) lavarse vestirse (i)
Notice that the infinitive always shows -se attached to the end of a reflexive verb. When you conjugate the verb, remember to make the pronoun form correspond to the person doing the action: dormirse (ue) > me duermo, te duermes, se duerme, nos dormimos, os dorms, se duermen. The vowels in parentheses (ue) (ie), etc. indicate that the verb has a stem change.
Reciprocal Actions
The plural reflexive pronouns (nos, os, se) can be used to express mutual or reciprocal actions, generally expressed in English as each other. Roberto y Thomas se saludan (They greet each other). Elena y Thomas se escriben (They write to each other). Ustedes se quieren mucho (You all love each other a lot). Ustedes se conocen, verdad? (You all know each other, dont you?). Vosotros os veis con frecuencia (You all see each other often). Nosotros nos conocemos hace aos (Weve know each other for years).
Verbs
Present Progressive
The present progressive is formed in Spanish by using a conjugated form of the verb estar and a gerund. The gerunds are formed for verbs ending in -ar by adding -ando to the stem; for verbs ending in -er or -ir, add -iendo to the stem: hablando, bailando, trabajando, comiendo, viviendo, diciendo, etc. When an unstressed -i- occurs between two vowels, it becomes a -y-: leer > leyendo; creer > creyendo, etc. Keep in mind that the present progressive is not as common in Spanish as it is in English. The simple present tense (trabajo, estudio, etc.) is used more frequently to indicate actions in progress.
Grammar
Preterite of Regular Verbs

Spanish uses two tenses to describe past actions and events: the preterite and the imperfect. The preterite is used for actions that were COMPLETED in the past. The preterite endings are added to the stem of the infinitive (habl-, com-, viv-). Notice the -er and -ir verbs have the same endings in the preterite. -ar verbs HABLAR habl hablaste habl hablamos hablasteis hablaron -er verbs COMER com comiste comi comimos comisteis comieron -ir verbs VIVIR viv viviste vivi vivimos vivisteis vivieron
Note: Ver has no accents in the preterite: vi, viste, vio, vimos, visteis, vieron.
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Preterite of Irregular Verbs

There are many verbs that are irregular in the preterite. Their forms must be memorized. DAR di diste IR fui fuiste fue fuimos fuisteis fueron SER fui fuiste fue fuimos fuisteis fueron
Grammar
dio dimos disteis dieron
The rest of the irregular verbs share the preterite endings -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron. Notice that none of the endings have accent marks. For these verbs you can learn the irregular preterite stem and use the appropriate endings. Note: The third person singular form of hacer has a spelling change of c > z: hizo. Also, the third person plural form of decir and traer does not use the -i- of the ending: dijeron, trajeron. hacer > hicestar > estuvtener > tuvpoder > pudponer > pusquerer > quissaber > supvenir > vindecir > dijtraer > traj-
Some Spelling Changes in the Preterite

Verbs that have stem changes in the present tense do not have the same change in the preterite. Verbs ending in -ar or -er have no stem change in the preterite: pensar (ie) > pens, pensaste, pens, pensamos, etc.; volver (ie) > volv, volviste, volvi, volvimos, etc. Verbs ending in -ir do have a stem change in the preterite, but only in the third person singular and plural. This change is not always the same change as for the present tense. In vocabulary lists, stem changes for the preterite are listed in parentheses next to the stem change information for the present tense. DORMIR (ue, u) dorm dormiste durmi 68 PEDIR (i, i) ped pediste pidi
Verbs
dormimos dormisteis durmieron
pedimos pedisteis pidieron
Verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar have a spelling change in the first person singular of the verb, where c > qu, g > gu, and z > c. A similar spelling change occurs for these verbs in the formal commands and in the present subjunctive.
Grammar
buscar > busqu pagar > pagu empezar > empec Verbs ending in two unstressed vowels have a spelling change in the third person singular and plural. creer > crey, creyeron leer > ley, leyeron caer > cay, cayeron
Imperfect Tense
Spanish uses two tenses to describe past actions and events: the preterite and the imperfect. The imperfect is used to talk about actions or events that were in progress in the past, things that were habitual or customary, or that happened over a long period of time. It is also used to describe ongoing mental, physical, or emotional states in the past, and to tell time in the past. -ar verbs HABLAR hablaba hablabas hablaba hablbamos hablabais hablaban -er verbs COMER coma comas coma comamos comais coman -ir verbs VIVIR viva vivas viva vivamos vivais vivan
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Only three verbs are irregular in the imperfect tense: IR iba ibas iba bamos SER era eras era ramos erais eran VER vea veas vea veamos veais vean
Grammar
ibais iban
There are no stem-changes in the imperfect tense. Verbs that are stem-changing in the present or preterite are conjugated like regular verbs in the imperfect: volva, jugaba, pensaba, perda, etc.
Preterite vs. Imperfect

The preterite is used to narrate completed actions in the past. Certain words like ayer (yesterday), anoche (last night), el ao pasado (last year), and la semana pasada (last week), are associated with the preterite since they usually refer to specific events that are now completed. The imperfect is used to narrate actions that were habitual or ongoing in the past. There is no reference to whether or not these things were ever completed, or whether they continue into the present time. Phrases like siempre (always), frecuentemente (frequently), and todos los das (daily), are often associated with the imperfect. The difference between the preterite and imperfect is often very subtle, and even native speakers will occasionally disagree about which form is correct. You should study examples and try to imitate native speakers when possible.
Past Participle
The past participle is formed in Spanish by adding -ado to the stem of regular -ar verbs, and -ido to the stem of regular -er or -ir verbs: hablar > hablado; poder > podido; vivir > vivido, etc. The past participle can often be used as an adjective (usually with the verb estar). Then, it has four forms, reflecting the number and gender of the noun it describes: El precio est confirmado. La tarifa est confirmada. Los fondos estn confirmados. Las reservaciones estn confirmadas. 70 The price is confirmed. The fare is confirmed. The funds are confirmed. The reservations are confirmed.
Verbs
The past participle can also be used with the verb ser to construct the passive voice: La comida fue preparada por mam (The food was prepared by Mom). Again, the past participle reflects number and gender of the noun it describes. The passive construction with ser + past participle is not as common in Spanish as it is in English. The active voice should be used whenever possible: Mam prepar la comida (Mom made the food).
Some Irregular Past Participles

Grammar
The following verbs have irregular past participles which must be memorized. abrir decir cubrir descubrir escribir hacer abierto dicho cubierto descubierto escrito hecho morir poner resolver romper ver volver muerto puesto resuelto roto visto vuelto
An accent mark is added to the past participle of -er and -ir verbs with stems ending in a vowel: caer > cado, creer > credo, leer > ledo, or > odo, traer > trado, etc.
Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect is constructed by using a conjugated form of the irregular verb haber with the past participle. he comido has comido ha comido hemos comido habis comido han comido
The past participle does not change form when it is used in the present perfect tense. For example; Ella ha comido, nosotros hemos comido, ustedes han comido, etc. Like its English counterpart, the present perfect tense is used to refer to the past. In the affirmative, it refers to an action that has already taken place; Elena ha llegado (Elena has arrived). In the negative, it refers to something that has not happened yet; No ha llegado (She hasnt arrived yet).
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Informal T Commands
Affirmative t commands have the same form as the third person singular (l, ella, usted) of the present indicative: Habla (t); Cierra (t) la ventana; Limpia (t) los dormitorios; Come (t) las verduras; Trae (t) los regalos; Corre (t) en el parque. Negative t commands have the same form as the t form of the present subjunctive: No hables (t); No cierres (t) la ventana; No limpies (t) los dormitorios; No comas (t) los chocolates; No traigas (t) los regalos; No corras (t) en el parque. Direct, indirect and reflexive pronouns are attached to affirmative commands: treme, explcame, djalo, levntate, sintate, etc. Direct, indirect, and reflexive pronouns precede a negative t command: no me traigas, no me expliques, no lo dejes, no te levantes, no te sientes, etc.
Grammar
Irregular T Commands
There are only a few irregular t commands, and these are irregular only in the affirmative command form. The negative command forms are the same as the t form of the present subjunctive. decir: di, no digas hacer: haz, no hagas ir: ve, no vayas poner: pon, no pongas salir: sal, no salgas ser: s, no seas tener: ten, no tengas venir: ven, no vengas
Formal Commands
When you are directly addressing a person or persons that you would normally address as usted or ustedes, give formal commands by taking the yo form of the present indicative tense and changing the ending of -ar verbs to -e for singular (usted) commands, or -en for plural (ustedes) commands and changing the ending of -er/-ir verbs to -a or -an. Because you are working from the yo form of the present indicative, the formal commands reflect the irregularities you find in irregular and stem-changing verbs. Regular Verbs -AR buscar > busque, busquen* dejar > deje, dejen 72 -ER/-IR comer > coma, coman insistir > insista, insistan
Verbs
hablar > hable, hablen llamar > llame, llamen Verbs with Irregular yo Forms conocer (conozco)>conozca, conozcan decir (digo)>diga, digan or (oigo)>oiga, oigan poner (pongo)>ponga, pongan Stem-Changing Verbs almorzar (ue) > almuerce, almuercen* cerrar (ie) > cierre, cierren empezar (ie) > empiece, empiecen jugar ( ue) > juegue, jueguen*
leer > lea, lean vivir > viva, vivan
salir (salgo)>salga, salgan tener (tengo) >tenga, tengan
Grammar
traer (traigo)>traiga, traigan venir (vengo)>venga, vengan
pedir (i) > pida, pidan perder (ie) > pierda, pierdan servir (i) > sirva, sirvan volver (ue) > vuelva, vuelvan
* A spelling change is necessary to preserve the sound of the infinitives that end in -car, -gar, and -zar: c > qu, g > gu, and z > c. A few verbs have irregular command forms and must be memorized: dar > d, den estar > est, estn ir > vaya, vayan saber > sepa, sepan ser > sea, sean
How to Talk About the Future

There are many ways you can talk about the future in Spanish. The easiest is to use an adverbial phrase indicating a future time (such as maana, ms tarde, luego, a la(s) + time, and so on) with the present tense of the verb: maana voy al aeropuerto (tomorrow Im going to the airport); luego hablamos por telfono (well talk on the telephone later); a las cinco nos encontramos en la oficina de correos (at five oclock well meet at the post office). Another way to talk about the future is with the future tense. The future tense in Spanish is formed by adding the endings -, -s, -, -emos, -is, -n to the entire infinitive.
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Study these examples: -ar verbs HABLAR hablar hablars -er verbs COMER comer comers comer comeremos comeris comern -ir verbs VIVIR vivir vivirs vivir viviremos viviris vivirn
Grammar
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hablar hablaremos hablaris hablarn
Another very common way to talk about the future is to use the verb ir in a conjugated form in the present tense, followed by the preposition a and an infinitive: voy a comer (I am going to eat; I will eat); vas a comer, va a comer, vamos a comer, vais a comer, van a comer, etc. This structure is especially common in spoken Spanish.
Some Irregular Verbs in the Future Tense

DECIR > dirdir, dirs, dir, diremos, diris, dirn HABER > habrhabr, habrs, habr, habremos, habris, habrn HACER > harhar, hars, har, haremos, haris, harn PODER > podrpodr, podrs, podr, podremos, podris, podrn QUERER > querrquerr, querrs, querr, querremos, querris, querrn SABER > sabrsabr, sabrs, sabr, sabremos, sabris, sabrn PONER > pondrpondr, pondrs, pondr, pondremos, pondris, pondrn
Verbs
SALIR > saldrsaldr, saldrs, saldr, saldremos, saldris, saldrn TENER > tendrtendr, tendrs, tendr, tendremos, tendris, tendrn VENIR > vendrevendr, vendrs, vendr, vendremos, vendris, vendrn
Grammar
Conditional Tense
Like the future tense, the conditional is formed by adding endings (-a, -as, -a, -amos, -ais, -an) to the entire infinitive. Do not confuse the conditional forms of -er and -ir verbs with the imperfect. The endings for the latter are added to the stem, not to the infinitive. -ar verbs HABLAR hablara hablaras hablara hablaramos hablarais hablaran -er verbs COMER comera comeras comera comeramos comerais comeran -ir verbs VIVIR vivira viviras vivira viviramos vivirais viviran
The conditional is used to talk about things that would happen under certain circumstances: Un permanente le quedara bien (A permanent would look good on you), or to make polite requests; Me gustara [pedir] el pescado (I would like [to order] the fish).
Some Irregular Verbs in the Conditional Tense

DECIR > dirdira, diras, dira, diramos, dirais, diran HABER > habrhabra, habras, habra, habramos, habrais, habran HACER > harhara, haras, hara, haramos, harais, haran 75
PODER > podrpodra, podras, podra, podramos, podrais, podran QUERER > querrquerra, querras, querra, querramos, querrais, querran SABER > sabrsabra, sabras, sabra, sabramos, sabrais, sabran
Grammar
PONER > pondrpondra, pondras, pondra, pondramos, pondrais, pondran SALIR > saldrsaldra, saldras, saldra, saldramos, saldrais, saldran TENER > tendrtendra, tendras, tendra, tendramos, tendrais, tendran VENIR > vendrevendra, vendras, vendra, vendramos, vendrais, vendran
Formation of the Present Subjunctive

To form the present subjunctive of most verbs, add the personal endings of the present subjunctive to the yo form of the present indicative minus the -o ending. For the subjunctive, -ar verb endings are -e, -es, -e, -emos, -is, -en, and -er / -ir verb endings are -a, -as, -a, -amos, -is, -an. (Notice that the third person forms [l/ella/ usted and ellos/ellas/ustedes] of regular verbs in the subjunctive are the same forms used in formal commands.) -ar verbs HABLAR hable hables hable -ir verbs VIVIR viva vivas viva vivamos vivis vivan hablemos hablis hablen -er verbs COMER coma comas coma comamos comis coman
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Verbs
Since the form of the present subjunctive is taken from the yo form of the present indicative, stem-changing verbs and verbs that are irregular in the yo form have the same irregularity in the present subjunctive. In addition, verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar have the same spelling change as in formal commands: c > qu, g > gu, and z > c. The verbs that are irregular for the formal commands are also irregular for the present subjunctive. These forms must be memorized.
Grammar
Spelling Changes in the Present Subjunctive

In the present subjunctive, the -ar and -er stem-changing verbs have the same pattern of stem changes as in the present indicative, only the endings are different. PENSAR (ie) piense pienses piense pensemos pensis piensen VOLVER (ue) vuelva vuelvas vuelva volvamos volvis vuelvan DORMIR (ue, u) duerma duermas duerma durmamos durmis duerman PREFERIR (ie, i) prefiera prefieras prefiera prefiramos prefiris prefieran
-Ir stem-changing verbs have a slightly different pattern in the subjunctive than in the present indicative. These are the same verbs that have a different stem change in the third person form of the preterite. The same stem change seen in the preterite is seen in the subjunctive in the nosotros/as and vosotros/as forms. Verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar have a spelling change in all forms of the present subjunctive, with c > qu, g > gu, and z > c. BUSCAR busque busques busque busquemos busquis busquen PAGAR pague pagues pague paguemos paguis paguen EMPEZAR empiece empieces empiece empecemos empecis empiecen
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Present Subjunctive of Irregular Verbs

These verbs are irregular in the present subjuntive and must be memorized: DAR d des demos deis den ESTAR est ests est SABER hayamos hayis hayan sepa sepas sepa sepamos sepis sepan estemos estis estn
Grammar
d HABER haya hayas haya IR vaya vayas vaya
vayamos vayis vayan
Subjunctive After Impersonal Expressions

After impersonal expressions that indicate a willing, wish, command, preference, desire, necessity, opinion, etc. on the part of the speaker that another person do (or not do) something, the subjunctive is used in the dependent clause, after the word que: Es importante que usted hable con la directora. Its important that you speak with the director. Es necesario que Elena tome un taxi. Its necessary that Elena take a taxi. Es terrible que no sepas hablar espaol! Its terrible that you dont know how to speak Spanish! Es posible que sea el efecto de la comida. Its possible that it is the effect of the food. 78
Verbs
No es preciso que usted tome medicina especial. Its not necessary for you to take special medicine. However, if the expression does not reflect the desire to influence a specific person to do something, but instead is a statement that people in general should do something, then the infinitive (-ar, -er, -ir forms), and not the subjunctive, is used. Es necesario evitar el alcohol.
Grammar
Its necessary to avoid alchohol. Es preferible ir en autobs. Its preferable to go by bus. Es posible comprar comida aqu. Its possible to buy food here.
Subjunctive After Verbs of Emotion

The subjunctive is used after certain expressions of emotion, when the speaker shows emotion about the actions of another person, as in Me alegro de que ests aqu (Im glad that youre here). The subjunctive is also used after impersonal expressions of emotion, as in Es una lstima que no puedas acompaarnos (Its a pity that you cant come with us). You should recognize these expressions as some that will require the use of the subjunctive in the subordinate clause, after the word que: alegrarse (to be glad), esperar (to hope), sentir (to regret), temer (to be afraid), asombrarse (to be surprised), sorprenderse (to surprise), enfadarse (to be angry), enojarse (to be angry), es una lstima (its a pity), es triste (its sad), es escandaloso (its scandalous), es terrible (its terrible), and so forth.
Subjunctive After Verbs of Willing

One of the most common uses of the subjunctive is after verbs of willing, such as querer (to want), desear (to want), insistir en (to insist on), mandar (to order), preferir (to prefer), prohibir (to prohibit), recomendar (to recommend), decir (to tell someone to do something), pedir (to ask someone to do something), and permitir (to permit). Notice that in the examples of the use of the subjunctive with the verbs of willing in the settings and dialogues, there is one person speaking who wants another person to do something. That is, there must be a change of subject in order to use the subjunctiveone subject wants to influence the other subject to do something. Thomas quiere que la operadora llame...; Thomas quiere que la secretaria le indique...; Thomas quiere que el camarero le traiga..., etc. The subjunctive is used after the conjunction que in the subordinate clause of the sentence. If there is no change of subject, the subjunctive is not used: Thomas quiere comer; Thomas quiere llamar; Thomas quiere encontrar...; etc. 79
Subjunctive in Adverbial Clauses

If an action has not yet occurred, a native speaker of Spanish will use the subjunctive after certain adverbial clauses such as: tan pronto como (as soon as), cuando (when), despus de que (after), en cuanto (as soon as), hasta que (until), and mientras (while, as long as). Podemos hablar del tema cuando usted llegue (you havent arrived yet).
Grammar
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Puedo quedarme en un hotel mientras est en Mxico (for however long I am in Mexico I havent left yet). Elena viene tan pronto como yo encuentre un apartamento (I havent found an apartment yet). If the action has already taken place and there is therefore no doubt about its outcome, the subjunctive is not used: Cuando estuve en Acapulco, fui a la playa (I went to Acapulco in the past).
Subjunctive in Expressions of Doubt

The subjunctive is used after expressions of doubt or uncertainty: dudar (to doubt), no creer (not to believe), no estar seguro/a (not to be sure), no es verdad (its not true), es dudoso (its doubtful), no es cierto (its uncertain), etc. As always, the subjunctive will be used after the word que in the subordinate clause of the sentence: Dudo que pueda llegar antes de las nueve; No creo que el viaje sea largo; Es dudoso que la casa est amueblada; No es cierto que tengan pescado en el mercado. If there is no doubt or uncertainty in the mind of the speaker, then the indicative is used: Es cierto que mis padres vienen para Navidad; No hay duda de que sus nietos quieren verlos; Creo que van a estar aqu dos semanas. Note: Creo que and no dudo que are expressions of certainty, and thus require the indicative in the subordinate clause. No creo que and dudo que are expressions of doubt that call for the subjunctive in the subordinate clause.
PREPOSITIONS
Some Useful Prepositions
cerca de (near, close to) lejos de (far, far from) antes de (before) despus de (after) encima de (on top of) debajo de (below) delante de (in front of) entre (between) durante (during) a la izquierda de (to the left of) a la derecha de (to the right of) frente a (facing) en frente de (in front of) detrs de (behind)
Grammar
In Spanish, the pronouns that follow prepositions are the same as the subject pronouns, except for first and second person singular forms: m, ti. Es para m, es para ti, es para ella, es para ustedes, etc. One exception to this is the expression between you and me, entre t y yo. The forms conmigo (with me) and contigo (with you informal singular) are irregular and must be memorized.
Some Verbs that Require Prepositions

1. These verbs are followed by the preposition a. aprender a (to learn to) ayudar a (to help) comenzar a (to begin to) empezar a (to begin to) 2. These verbs are followed by de. acabar de (to just finish) acordarse de (to remember) dejar de (to stop) 3. 4. olvidarse de (to forget) tener ganas de (to feel like) tratar de (to try to) ensear a (to teach to) invitar a (to invite to) ir a (to go to) volver a (to return to)
Insistir (to insist) is followed by en, and will call for the subjunctive in the subordinate clause if there is a change of subject. Pensar (to think) can be followed by en or de, depending on the meaning intended: Pienso en ti (Im thinking about you [Youre on my mind]). Qu piensas de ella? (What do you think about her? [What is your reaction, your feeling about her?]).
Note: The prepositions are used only when the grammatical object follows the verb. If no object follows, then no preposition is used: Me ayudas a limpiar las ventanas? S, te ayudo. 81
Some Uses of Para

Para is used to express the following: to, in order toTrabajo para ganar plata. destined for, to be given toEl libro es para ti. for (by a specific time)Estudien esta leccin para maana.
Grammar
for, in the direction of, towardSalimos para Acapulco. to be used for/byEs un hotel para turistas. for (compared with others)Para m, el espaol es fcil. for (in the employ of)Trabajo para la universidad. Dont confuse the third person singular form of the verb para (he/she stops, you stop) with the preposition para. The context should tell you which part of speech and which meaning is most logical.
Some Uses of Por

Por is used to express the following: by, by means of through, along during, in (time period) because of, due to for, in exchange for for the sake of for, in order to get for (for a period of time) In idiomatic expressions: por Dios for Heavens sake por ejemplo por eso por favor por fin for example thats why please finally por tren, por avin, por telfono por la playa o por el parque por la maana, por la tarde estoy nerviosa por el examen Te doy $20 por el libro. Lo hago por la familia. Voy por caf. Estar aqu por dos horas.
por lo general por lo menos por si acaso por primera/ ltima vez
in general at least just in case for the first/ last time
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Expressions
EXPRESSIONS
Yes / No Questions
A common way to ask a yes/no question in Spanish is simply to change the intonation of your voice by making your voice rise at the end of the question: Usted trabaja en Mxico? Another way to form a question is to invert the order of the subject and verb, in addition to making your voice rise at the end of the question: Trabaja usted en Mxico?; Est todo bien?; Necesita usted algo ms? To answer a question affirmatively, begin with S (yes): S, trabajo en Mxico. To answer a question negatively, begin with No, and place another no in front of the verb: No, no trabajo en Mxico. Notice that the word do from English (Do you work?) is not translated into Spanish when asking a question.
Grammar
Ways to Express Polite Requests

There are a number of ways to express polite requests in Spanish. For example, you can use a command, accompanied by por favor (please): Tragame un caf, por favor. A more polite way of making the same request, however, is to use a form of the verb querer: Quiere traerme un caf?; (Literally: do you want to bring me a coffee?). You can also use the verb querer when you want to ask for a favor or make a polite inquiry: Querra hacer una llamada a los Estados Unidos (I would like to make a phone call) OR Quisiera hacer una llamada a los Estados Unidos (I would like to make a phone call). Sometimes you can use the verb poder the same way: Puede usted decirme? (Can you tell me?) OR Podra usted indicarme? (Could you show me?).
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Greetings and Polite Expressions

Buenos das. Good morning, Good day. Buenas tardes. Good afternoon. Muy bien, gracias. Very well, thank you. Adis. Hasta luego. Good-bye. Until later. Hasta maana. Until tomorrow. Muchas gracias. Thanks very much. De nada. Youre welcome. Por favor. Please. Perdn. Con permiso. Excuse me. Pardon me.
Grammar
Buenas noches. Good evening, Good night. Hola! Hi! Cmo est usted? How are you? (formal) Cmo ests? How are you? (informal) Qu tal ests? How are you? (informal) Qu tal? Whats going on? How are things?
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Expressions
Introducing People
INFORMAL Antonio, conoces a mi amigo, Paco? Antonio, do you know my friend, Paco? Antonio, quiero presentarte a mi amigo, Paco. Antonio, Id like to introduce you to my friend, Paco. Hola. Qu tal? Hi, how are you doing? FORMAL Sr. Rodrguez, permtame presentarle a mi socio, Santiago Silva Mr. Rodrguez, allow me to introduce you to my partner, Santiago Silva. Sra. Silva, le presento a la Sra. Rodrguez. Mrs. Silva, Id like you to meet Mrs. Rodrguez. Mucho gusto. Its a pleasure to meet you. El gusto es mo. The pleasure is mine.
Grammar
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TIME
Telling Time
To ask what time it is in Spanish, ask Qu hora es? To ask at what time something will happen, ask A qu hora....?
Grammar
Use the verb ser to tell the time. One oclock and any variation of one oclock will use the singular form of the verb, es: Es la una, es la una y diez, es la una y media. With all numbers above one, use son: Son las dos, son las nueve, son las once y veinte, etc. Past the half hour, you should go to the next hour and subtract the minutes (3:50 = Its ten to four = Son las cuatro menos diez). The word media means half, and cuarto means a quarter. Son las cinco y media (5:30), son las nueve y cuarto (9:15), son las once menos cuarto (10:45). Other useful expressions are en punto (on the dot), de la maana (a.m.), de la tarde (p.m.) or de la noche (p.m.), la medianoche (midnight), and el medioda (noon).
Days of the Week

Los das de la semana el lunes el martes el mircoles el jueves el viernes el sbado el domingo (the days of the week) Monday; on Monday Tuesday; on Tuesday Wednesday; on Wednesday Thursday; on Thursday Friday; on Friday Saturday; on Saturday Sunday; on Sunday
Notice that the days of the week in Spanish are not capitalized. When you want to indicate that something happens every Monday, every Saturday, etc., use the plural form of the article: los lunes, los sbados, etc. Note: On the Hispanic calendar, the first day of the week is Monday. Other useful phrases: maana (tomorrow), pasado maana (day after tomorrow), hoy (today), esta noche (tonight).
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Time
Dates, Seasons, Months of the Year

La fecha Cul es la fecha de hoy? (Hoy) Es el primero de abril. (Hoy) Es el cinco de marzo. The date What is todays date? Today is April 1. Today is March 5.
Grammar
Note: The ordinal number primero is used to express the first day of the month, but cardinal numbers (dos, tres, etc.) are used for the other days. Los meses del ao (the months of the year): enero febrero marzo abril mayo junio julio agosto septiembre octubre noviembre diciembre January February March April May June July August September October November December
Note: The months are not capitalized in Spanish. Las estaciones del ao (the seasons of the year): el invierno la primavera el verano el otoo winter spring summer fall
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Holidays and Special Occasions

la Semana Santa la Pascua (Florida) el Da de Independencia el Da de los Muertos Holy Week Easter Independence Day All Souls Day Christmas Eve Christmas New Years Eve New Years Day anniversary birthday holidays vacation congratulations
Grammar
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la Nochebuena la Navidad la Noche Vieja el Da de Ao Nuevo el aniversario el cumpleaos los das festivos/las fiestas las vacaciones felicitaciones!
NUMBERS
Numbers 1100
1 uno 2 dos 3 tres 4 cuatro 5 cinco 6 seis 7 siete 8 ocho 9 nueve 10 diez 11 once 12 doce 13 trece 14 catorce 15 quince 16 diecisis 17 diecisiete 18 dieciocho 19 diecinueve 20 veinte
Grammar
21 veintiuno 22 veintids 23 veintitrs 24 veinticuatro, etc. 30 treinta 31 treinta y uno 32 treinta y dos, etc. 40 cuarenta 41 cuarenta y uno, etc. 50 cincuenta 60 sesenta 70 setenta 80 ochenta 90 noventa 100 cien
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Numbers Above 100

101 ciento uno/una 200 doscientos/as 300 trescientos/as 400 cuatrocientos/as
Grammar
500 quinientos/as 600 seiscientos/as 700 setecientos/as 800 ochocientos/as 900 novecientos/as 1.000 mil 2.000 dos mil 1.000.000 un milln Ciento is used with numbers from 199 to express numbers 101199: ciento setenta y nueve, etc. Cien is used in counting and before numbers greater than 999: cien mil, cien millones, etc. When numbers 200900 precede a noun, they agree in gender: trescientas habitaciones, etc. In counting, mil does not have a plural form (tres mil, seis mil) but milln does: dos millones, cinco millones, etc.
Ordinal Numbers
primer(o) segundo tercer(o) cuarto quinto first second third fourth fifth sexto sptimo octavo noveno dcimo sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth
Ordinal numbers are adjectives and must agree with the noun they describe: la octava semana, el sexto piso, el cuarto da, la primera semana, etc. Notice that primero and tercero drop off the -o when they precede a masculine noun: el primer da, el tercer da. Generally speaking, ordinal numbers above ten are not commonly used in Spanish. You will hear native speakers say instead, el piso (nmero) veinte, la leccin (nmero) catorce and so forth.
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Grammar Exercises
Grammar Exercises
NOUNS
Plural of Nouns
Draw a line from the noun to the correct indefinite article. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. seor seoras oficina de cambio billete dlares pesos (unos) (unas) (unos) (un) (un) (una)
Exercises
Definite and Indefinite Articles

Fill in the blank with the correct definite article from the list: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. [la; el; los; las] ________ seor [el; los; la; las] ________ seora [el; la; los, las] ________ oficinas [el; los; la; las] ________ billetes [la; los; el; las] ________ dlar [el; la; las, los] ________ pesos [la; el; los; las] ________ cambio [la; el; los; las] ________ oficina de cambio
Contractions Del and Al

Choose the correct form of the preposition and article. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Voy [a la; al] aeropuerto. Vengo [del; de la] hotel Thomas llama [al; a la] secretaria. Me lleva [al; a la] hotel? Juan sale [del; de la] oficina. Voy a ver [al; a la] seor Garca. El restaurante est [a la; al] otro lado de la calle. 91
PRONOUNS
Subject Pronouns
Draw a line to the correct subject pronoun. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. When speaking about yourself. [yo; t; usted; l; ella] When speaking about Mr. Smith. [yo; t; usted; l; ella] When speaking about Mr. and Mrs. Smith. [nosotros; vosotros; ellos; ustedes] When speaking about Mrs. Smith. [yo; t; usted; l; ella] When speaking about yourself and Mr. Smith. [nosotros; nosotras; ellos; ellas] When speaking about Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Santiago. [nosotros; nosotras; ellas; ellos] When speaking about your friend Thomas. [yo; t; usted; l; ella] When speaking about your friend Karen. [yo; t; usted; l; ella] When speaking about the taxi driver. [yo; t; usted; l; ella] When speaking about Mr. and Mrs. Santiago. [ellos; nosotros; vosotros; ustedes] When speaking about Mrs. Smith and her son. [nosotros; vosotros; ellos; ustedes] When speaking about Mrs. Santiago and her daughter. [ nosotros; nosotras; ellos; ellas]
Exercises
8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Formal and Informal Form of You

Draw a line to show the appropriate form of you to use with the people listed. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. t ustedes ustedes t usted t ustedes t ustedes ustedes t usted usted ustedes Lupe, your maid the agency director, Mrs. Garca your friends Karen & Silvia your friend Thomas your friends Eduardo & Roberto your friend Elena Mr. and Mrs. Jones Mrs. Jones and Mrs. Garca your son your mom and dad a group of your teachers the company president your boss your sister
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Grammar Exercises
Direct Object Pronouns

Replace the direct object in each sentence with a direct object pronoun. Example: No puedo ver a tu marido. > No puedo verlo. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Tengo el dinero aqu. Yo no conzoco a Elena. Ella llama a ti. Nosotros compramos los libros. Mario visita las tiendas. _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________
Exercises
Indirect Object Pronouns

Choose the correct indirect object pronoun. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Hablo con la operadora. = [Me; Le; Les] hablo. Ella da la direccin a m. = Ella [te; me; le] da la direccin. Traigo una cerveza a ti. = [Nos; Te; Me] traigo una cerveza. Hago un precio especial a ustedes. = [Les; Le; Nos] hago un precio especial. Pregunto a Karen qu quiere comer. = [Te; Le; Me] pregunto qu quiere comer. El camarero da el men a ellos. = El camarero [nos; le; les] da el men.
Uses of Lo
Draw a line to the correct translation. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. lo importante no lo comprendo lo mejor lo ms interesante no lo s dgalo djelo Say it. Leave it. the most interesting thing the important thing I dont understand it. I dont know. the best thing
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ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Agreement of Adjectives
Choose the correct form of the adjective. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. La habitacin es [pequeo; pequea; pequeos; pequeas]. Los nios estn [animado; animados; animadas; animada]. La informacin es [correcto; correcta; correctos; correctas]. La seora est [encantado; encantadas; encantados; encantada] de conocerte. Los cuartos son [grande; grandes]. El hotel es [cara; caro; caros; caras]. La comida es [buena; bueno; buenas; buenos].
Exercises
Possessive Adjectives
Draw a line to the correct possessive adjective. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. el carro (Uds.) el dinero (yo) las casas (Ud.) los clientes (yo) la direccin (t) el nmero de telfono (ella) la esposa (l) las amigas (nosotros) el hotel (nosotras) mi sus mis nuestro su tu nuestras su su
Demonstrative Adjectives
Choose the correct demonstrative adjective. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 94 [esta; este] casa [esas; esos] hoteles [aquel; aquellos] hombres [aquella; aquel] mujer [este; esta] noche [esa; esas] medicina [esta; este] maana
Grammar Exercises
8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
[aquella; aquel] pantaln [esa; esas] camisas [este; esta] viaje [aquellos; aquel] autobuses [esos; esas] montaas
Mucho, Muy, and Poco

Complete the sentence with the correct adverb or adjective. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. La comida es _____________ buena. Hay _____________ gente en el aeropuerto. Thomas trabaja _____________.
Exercises
El hotel es _____________ caro. Mxico es una ciudad _____________ grande. Es una ciudad _____________ interesante. Yo no tengo _____________ dinero. _____________ personas viven en Latinoamrica. Karen tiene _____________ amigos en Mxico. Thomas toma _____________ caf.
Comparisons of Equality
Fill in the blank with the correct comparitive form. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Mario tiene _____________ hijos como Thomas. Elena es _____________ alta como Thomas. Thomas maneja _____________ rpido como yo. T tienes _____________ camisas como l. Ese vestido es _____________ elegante como ste. Mis trajes son _____________ viejos como los tuyos. Thomas tiene _____________ trajes como yo. Karen tiene _____________ blusas como Elena. Silvia no necesita comprar _____________ comida como Karen.
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Comparisons of Inequality
Fill in the blank with the correct comparative adjective. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Estos libros son ____________ que sos. (interesante) La comida en este restaurante es ____________ que la comida en el hotel. (bueno) Thomas es ____________ que Elena. (viejo) Este pauelo es ____________ que se. (elegante) Silvia es ____________ que Elena. (joven) T hablas ingls ____________ que yo. (bien) Ahora me siento ____________ que antes. (mal) Aquellos libros eran ____________ que stos. (barato)
Exercises
Interrogative Words
Fill in the blank with the correct interrogative word. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. _____________ es ese hombre? _____________ dinero necesitas? _____________ te llamas? _____________ llega Thomas? _____________ cuesta la habitacin? _____________ son esas personas?
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Grammar Exercises
VERBS
Present Tense Indicative

Choose the correct subject pronoun for each verb. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. como [t; yo; l] vives [ella; nosotros; t] cambiamos [nosotros; ellos; usted] necesitan [yo; ellos; l] vivimos [ustedes; ella; nosotros] comen [t; ustedes; nosotros] toma [ellas; yo; l]
Exercises
llevo [yo; usted; ellos] deja [nosotros; ella; yo] paga [t; usted; nosotros] hablas [ella; ellas; t] hablan [ellas; usted; t]
More About Verbs

Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. tomar, yo _________ llevar, usted _________ necesitar, ellos _________ cambiar, t _________ hablar, yo _________ comer, ustedes _________ vivir, ella _________ dejar, ellas _________ caminar, l _________ doblar, t _________ tomar, nosotras _________
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Stem-Changing Verbs
Fill in the blank with the correct form of the irregular verb in the present tense. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. _________ yo reservar una habitacin? (poder) _________ ustedes ir al restaurante? (querer) Juan y Mara _______ del aeropuerto. (salir) Nosotros _________ desde Miami. (venir) Ella ________ de una reunin. (venir) T ________ amigos en Mxico. (tener) _________ t ir al teatro? (querer) Nosotros _____________ comer en el hotel. (preferir) _______ yo cambiar unos dlares? (poder) Thomas ________ muchas maletas. (tener)
Exercises
More Stem-Changing Verbs

Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. La oficina se __________ a las cuatro. (cerrar) Yo __________ comer la ensalada. (preferir) Cundo __________ a tu pas? (volver) Cundo __________ ustedes a visitarnos? (venir) Nosotros no __________ terminar toda la comida. (poder) Thomas __________ el men. (pedir) Karen y Mario __________ al tenis. (jugar)
Irregular Verbs in the Present Tense

Complete the sentence with the correct form of the irregular verb in the present tense. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Yo _____________ a mi habitacin. (ir) Dnde _____________ (nosotros) el equipaje? (poner) _____________ t las maletas? (traer) El botones _____________ el equipaje. (traer) El botones _____________ el equipaje al lado de la cama. (poner) Karen le _____________ una propina al botones. (dar) Yo no _____________ nada. (oir)
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Grammar Exercises
8. 9. 10.
Qu _____________ t? (decir) Ellas _____________ a cenar al restaurante. (ir) Yo te _____________ mi nmero de telfono. (dar)
Ser and Estar

Complete the sentence with the correct form of ser or estar. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. [Estn; Son; Es; Est] las cuatro de la tarde. Thomas y Alberto [es; son; estn; est] hombres de negocios. Mara [estn; es; est; son] recepcionista. El restaurante [es; estn; est; son] al otro lado de la calle. Thomas [es; est; estn; son] en Mxico.
Exercises
Ana y Luisa [est; son; estn; es] muy amables. Las maletas no [son; estn; es; est] de usted. Elena [est; son; estn; es] la esposa de Thomas. Yo [soy; est; estoy; es] bien, gracias. Hola, Roberto. Cmo [ests; eres; estoy; soy]?
Some Uses of Ser and Estar

Fill in the blank with the correct form or ser or estar. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Yo ___________ en el aeropuerto. Nosotros ___________ de los Estados Unidos. Alberto ___________ en una reunin. El apartamento ___________ de Juan. Qu hora ___________? El restaurante ___________ cerca del hotel. ___________ todo bien? El hotel ___________ bastante bueno. Los precios ___________ un poco altos. Thomas ___________ muy inteligente.
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The Verb Gustar

Fill in the blank with the correct form of gustar. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Me ____________ la comida mexicana. Te ____________ las habitaciones? A ellos, les ____________ viajar. Nos ____________ las enchiladas. A ella, no le ____________ los tacos. A Thomas, no le ____________ comer solo. Me ____________ los restaurantes buenos. A nosotros nos ____________ las habitaciones. A ti no te ____________ el desayuno. A los Smith les ____________ el hotel. A m me ____________ la comida mexicana. A nosotros nos ____________ Mxico.
Exercises
Verbs Like Gustar

Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentence. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Me [encanta; encantan] los camarones. A Elena le [fastidian; fastidia] los viajes organizados. Te [duele; duelen] las piernas? Nos [falta; faltan] treinta mil pesos. A Karen le [preocupa; preocupan] la salud de Mario. A los nios no les [interesa; interesan] una representacin folklrica. No nos [queda; quedan] muchos das libres.
Saber vs. Conocer

Complete the sentence with the correct of form of saber or conocer. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 100 [Sabes; Conoces] a mi hermano? No [s; conozco] dnde est la estacin. [Conocen; Saben] ustedes el nombre de ese seor? Los Smith no [saben; conocen] Colombia. [Sabes; conoces] manejar? Juan [conoce; sabe] a todo el mundo aqu. No [s; conozco] la ciudad.
Grammar Exercises
Pedir vs. Preguntar

Fill in the blank with the correct form of pedir or preguntar. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Thomas le _____________ a una seora dnde est la oficina de correos. El recepcionista le _____________ veinticinco pesos por la habitacin. El camarero le _____________ qu quiere comer. La policia le _____________ el pasaporte. Karen le _____________ al botones dnde hay un restaurante. Thomas _____________ agua mineral con la cena. Karen _____________ cerveza con la cena. Mario le _____________ al camarero si tienen tacos.
Exercises
Hacer
Complete the sentence with the correct subject pronoun. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. [T; Yo; Ella] hago una llamada a larga distancia. [Ud.; T; Ella] haces una reservacin en el hotel. Thomas necesita marcar 6 cuando [nosotros; l; yo] hace una llamada local. [Nosotros; Uds.; T] hacemos un viaje a Acapulco. [Ud.; Uds.; Yo] hace muchas llamadas a los Estados Unidos. [T; Ella; Nosotros] hace una reservacin a nombre de Karen Santiago. [Nosotros; T; Uds.] hacen varias llamadas a su oficina.
The Meaning of Hay

Choose the correct verb to complete the sentence. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. No [es; hay; est] nadie aqu que pueda contestar. [Era; Haba; Estaban] mucha gente en la calle. Thomas y Elena [eran; estaban; haba] en Acapulco. Thomas [est; es; hay] un hombre de negocios. Los nios [estn; son; hay] en casa. [Son; Hay; Estn] dos fiestas esta noche. [Es; Est; Hay] un banco cerca de aqu? Karen [est; hay; es] en el mercado.
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Reflexive Verbs and Pronouns

Choose the correct reflexive pronoun. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Nosostros [nos; os] marchamos. l [lo; se] acuesta muy tarde. Ellos [os; se] lavan las manos. T [te; ti] vistes rpidamente. Ellas [las; se] divierten en la fiesta. Ustedes [se; nos] sienten mal. Usted [los; se] afeita por la maana. Yo [me; m] duermo a las diez de la noche.
Exercises
Some Common Reflexive Verbs

Fill in the blank with the correct form of the reflexive verb. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Yo normalmente ___________ a las seis. (despertarse) Entonces, yo ___________ a las seis y me bao. (levantarse) Cmo ___________ ese seor? (llamarse) Roberto ___________ mucho en la fiesta. (divertirse) A qu hora ___________ los nios? (acostarse) No ___________ bien t? (sentirse) Nosotros ___________ aqu. (sentarse) T siempre ___________ en las reuniones. (dormirse) Eduardo ___________ una camisa blanca. (ponerse) Yo ___________ antes de salir de la casa. (vestirse)
Reciprocal Actions
Complete the sentence with the correct pronoun to express reciprocal action. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Thomas y Elena _____________ llaman frecuentemente por telfono. Nosotros casi nunca _____________ escribimos. Eduardo y Thomas _____________ vean todos los das en la oficina. Silvia y yo raramente _____________ hablamos. _____________ conocen ustedes? Mi marido y yo _____________ queremos mucho.
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Grammar Exercises
Present Progressive
Complete the sentence with the correct gerund to form the present progressive. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Juan est ____________ por telfono. (hablar) Nosotros estamos ____________ en la Argentina. (trabajar) Thomas y Elena estn ____________ en un hotel. (vivir) Yo estoy ____________ un libro muy interesante. (leer) Silvia est ____________ una carta. (escribir) Por qu ests ____________ tanto caf? (beber) Tus amigos estn ____________. (bailar)
Preterite of Regular Verbs

Choose the correct subject pronoun. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. El ao pasado [t; ella; yo] visit Chile. Hablaste [nosotros; t; l] con el farmacutico? [Nosotros; Ellos; T] vivieron dos aos en el Per. [Nosotros; Thomas; Yo] bebi una cerveza. [T; Uds.; Yo] nunca comiste en ese restaurante. Reserv [yo; usted; nosotros] una mesa en el restaurante? [Ella; Yo; T] te vi con Eduardo anoche. Consult [t; usted; yo] a un mdico?
Exercises
Preterite of Irregular Verbs

Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in the preterite. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Mam me [di; dio] diez mil pesos. Nosotros no [dijimos; dijisteis] nada. Qu [hice; hiciste] t anoche? Dnde [puso; puse] el botones mi maleta? Elena [supiste; supo] dnde hay un buen mercado. Thomas [estuve; estuvo] en su oficina toda la tarde. Yo no [pude; puse] encontrar la oficina de correos.
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Spelling Changes in the Preterite

Fill in the blank with the correct preterite form of the verb. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Nosotros __________ al mar. (ir) Roberto y Thomas __________ que el tour es interesante. (decir) Elena no __________ ir a las montaas. (querer) Yo ya __________ la cuenta. (pagar) No __________ usted bien anoche? (dormir) El polica me __________ el pasaporte. (pedir) Yo __________ a los nios. (buscar) Yo __________ a trabajar la semana pasada. (empezar) Los Garca __________ una noticia en el peridico. (leer) Nosotros __________ una botella de vino. (pedir) Thomas no __________ terminar la comida. (poder) Cmo __________ t la direccin de ella? (saber) Nosotros __________ una hora libre. (tener)
Exercises
Imperfect Tense
Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb in the imperfect tense. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. __________ buen tiempo cuando salimos de excursin. (hacer) Thomas y Alberto siempre __________ de negocios. (hablar) Yo __________ en Madrid cuando conoc a tu padre. (vivir) Ellos __________ muy cansados cuando llegaron a Acapulco. (estar) Nosotros __________ todos los das en ese restaurante. (comer) T siempre __________ del trabajo a las seis. (salir) Yo ________ a Cancn todos los aos. (ir) Las esposa de Roberto ________ su secretaria. (ser) Nosotros __________ a las montaas con frecuencia. (ir) Los padres de Eduardo __________ muy ricos. (ser) Yo no __________ ver muy bien. (poder) Siempre __________ ustedes en autobs? (viajar) No me __________ la ciudad donde viva antes. (gustar) Elena __________ visitar las tiendas. (querer)
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Grammar Exercises
Preterite vs. Imperfect

Choose the correct preterite or imperfect form of the verb. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. El sbado pasado, yo [estaba; estuve] en Mrida cuando lleg mi amigo. Nosotros [fuimos; bamos] todos los das a la playa. Ayer yo [vi; vea] a Elena en el mercado. Mi marido siempre me [llam; llamaba] a las cuatro de la tarde. Yo [conoc; conoca] a Eduardo en una fiesta. Ayer yo [recib; reciba] seis llamadas telefnicas. Les [gust; gustaba] la representacin folklrica?
Past Participle
Fill in the blank with the correct past participle. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Ha __________ una transferencia desde los Estados Unidos? (llegar) He __________ una cuenta en el banco. (abrir) Karen ha __________ que quiere cheques de viaje. (decir) Elena ha __________ un depsito. (hacer) El libro fue __________ por mi profesor. (escribir) Los nios han __________ la ventana. (romper) Has __________ a Mario hoy? (ver) Silvia todava no ha __________ de la reunin. (volver) Eduardo me ha __________ por telfono. (llamar)
Exercises
Some Irregular Past Participles

Choose the correct irregular past participle. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Roberto me ha [hecho; dicho] que usted va a trabajar con nosotros. Los padres de Thomas le han [escrito; resuelto] una carta. Lupe, has [hecho; puesto] las camas hoy? Los Smith han [visto; vuelto] de vacaciones hoy. Por qu no has [dicho; abierto] la puerta? Nosotros no hemos [visto; muerto] todava esa representacin. Elena y yo hemos [descubierto; roto] una tienda maravillosa.
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Present Perfect Tense

Complete the sentence with the correct conjugated form of haber to form the present perfect tense. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. El dinero no _____________ llegado todava al banco. Thomas _____________ abierto una cuenta de ahorros. Elena y Silvia no _____________ vuelto del mercado. Qu _____________ hecho t? Ustedes _____________ depositado cinco millones de pesos. Nosotros _____________ recibido una transferencia desde Chicago. Yo no _____________ visto a Thomas.
Exercises
Irregular T Commands
Fill in the blank with the correct t command. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. ____________ la comida. (preparar) ____________ las verduras. (comprar) ____________ todo. (hacerlo) ____________ a la lavandera. (ir) ____________ conmigo. (venir) ____________ paciencia. (tener) ____________ el vino en la mesa. (poner) ____________ temprano. (salir) ____________ la mesa. (recoger)
Formal Commands
Choose the correct form of the verb to make a formal command. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. [Habla; Hablen; Hable; Hablan] usted ms despacio, por favor. [Esperan; Esperen; Espere; Espera] ustedes junto a la puerta. [Llamen; Llame; Llama; Llaman] usted ms tarde. [Vayan; Van; Va; Vaya] ustedes hasta la calle siguiente. [Trae; Traigan; Traiga; Traen] usted la cuenta, por favor. [Salen; Salga; Salgan; Sale] ustedes del autobs con cuidado. [Pone; Ponga; Pongan; Ponen] usted almidn en las camisas.
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Grammar Exercises
Irregular Verbs in the Future Tense

Fill in the blank with the correct future form of the irregular verb. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Ustedes _____________ que terminar el trabajo maana. (tener) Nostros _____________ causar una buena impresin. (querer) El vuelo _____________ a las tres y cuarto. (salir) Yo _____________ el maletn debajo de mi asiento. (poner) _____________ la directora que no hemos terminado? (saber) Qu _____________ mi esposo cuando me vea con una permanente? (decir) Ustedes _____________ llamarme desde el aeropuerto. (poder) _____________ Elena y los nios al aeropuerto con Thomas? (venir) _____________ tiempo suficiente para documentar el equipaje? (haber) Thomas _____________ otro viaje al Ecuador en octubre. (hacer)
Exercises
The Conditional Tense

Choose the correct subject to complete the sentence. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. [Thomas; Yo; T] dijo que hablara con Elena. [Nosotros; Ella; Ellos] comera en un restaurante mexicano. [T; Thomas; Nosotros] viviramos en Mxico por un ao. [Ellos; Karen; Yo] diran que Roberto es su amigo. [Nosotros; Ellas; T] haran un buen almuerzo para ti. [Karen y Mario; Yo; T] podra visitar Acapulco. [T; Ellos; Mario] saldras del trabajo a las seis. [Nosotras; Karen; Ellos] tendra que reservar cuatro puestos. [Mario; Los nios; T] vendra a Taxco con Karen.
Irregular Verbs in the Conditional Tense

Fill in the blank with the correct conditional form of the verb. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Por favor, __________ usted decirme la hora? (poder) Pens que los padres de Thomas __________ para las fiestas de Navidad. (venir) Yo __________ cambiar cien dlares, por favor. (querer) El mecnico me dijo que l me __________ aire en la rueda. (poner) __________ usted tan amable de indicarme el camino? (ser)
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6. 7. 8. 9.
La permanente le __________ ms volumen. (dar) Eso le __________ bien a mi marido. (venir) A mi marido, no le __________ tantos rizos. (gustar) Qu __________ t en mi lugar? (hacer)
Spelling Changes in the Present Subjunctive

Fill in the blank with the correct subjunctive form of the verb. 1. 2. 3. 4. Thomas quiere que el camarero le __________ agua. (traer) El mdico me dice que yo __________ esta pastilla. (tomar) Es preferible que ustedes __________ con un tour organizado. (ir) Elena insiste en que Lupe __________ todo el trabajo hoy. (hacer) Recomiendo que t __________ un buen mecnico. (buscar) Es terrible que nosotros no __________ ni un momento libre esta semana! (tener) Es ridculo que ustedes no __________ tarjetas de crdito! (aceptar) Quiero que t me __________ algo. (explicar)
Exercises
5. 6. 7. 8.
Present Subjunctive Forms

Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Quiero que usted __________ la ropa en agua fra. (lavar) Quiero que ustedes __________ a verme hoy. (venir) Prefiero que los nios no __________ solos en la casa. (estar) Es necesario que t me __________ tu nmero de telfono. (dar) Espero que alguien __________ el telfono. (contestar) Les recomiendo que ustedes no __________ el agua. (beber) Qu quieres que yo __________ ahora? (hacer) Quiero que t me __________ toda la verdad. (decir)
Subjunctive After Impersonal Expressions

Fill in the blank with the correct form of the subjunctive. 1. 2. 3. 4. 108 Es importante que usted __________ las comidas pesadas. (evitar) Es necesario que yo __________ alguna medicina especial? (tomar) Es preciso que nosotros __________ al mercado hoy. (ir) Es preferible que ustedes __________ conmigo al mercado. (venir)
Grammar Exercises
5. 6. 7.
Es increble que t __________ tanto! (comprar) Es terrible que ellos no __________ acompaarnos! (poder) Es posible que ellos no __________ pescado hoy. (tener)
Subjunctive After Verbs of Emotion

Fill in the blank with the correct subjunctive form of the verb. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Me alegro de que usted __________ acompaarnos el viernes. (poder) Es una lstima que a ustedes no les __________ el teatro. (gustar) Me fastidia que ellos no __________ carne en este restaurante. (servir) Te sorprende que las entradas __________ tan caras? (ser) Me asombra que t __________ a mis primos en Chicago! (conocer)
Exercises
Siento que nosotros no __________ ms tiempo libre para ver la ciudad. (tener) Espero que nosotras ____________ el trabajo pronto. (terminar)
Subjunctive After Verbs of Willing

Choose the correct form of the verb. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Elena quiere que el mecnico [revisa; revise; revisar] el aceite. El mecnico no quiere que yo [paga; pague; pagar] con tarjeta de crdito. Roberto prohibe que sus hijos [manejar; manejen; manejan] el carro nuevo. Karen pide que el mecnico le [ponga; pone; poner] agua en la batera. Thomas insiste en que Elena [vuelve; vuelva; volver] a casa ahora mismo. El mdico me recomienda que yo [duerma; duerme; dormir] un mnimo de siete horas cada noche. Los Smith quieren [encuentre; encontrar; encuentra] una casa en el centro. Silvia quiere [comprar; compre; compra] unas salchichas.
Subjunctive in Adverbial Clauses

Complete the sentence with the correct form of the subjunctive or indicative. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Iremos a Espaa cuando nosotros [terminemos; terminamos] el trabajo aqu. Te llamar tan pronto como [llego; llegue] al hotel. No te olvides de comprar la carne cuando [ests; ests] en el mercado. En cuanto Thomas [encuentra; encuentre] un apartamento, va a traer a su familia. Siempre compro regalos cuando yo [est; estoy] en Acapulco. Elena no quiere manejar mientras ella [est; est] en Mxico. 109
7. 8. 9.
Usted no puede marcharse hasta que [consigue; consiga] un pasaporte. Cuando [vaya; voy] de vacaciones, me gusta viajar en autobs. Karen siempre le llama a Mario tan pronto como [llega; llegue] al hotel.
Subjunctive in Expressions of Doubt

Choose the correct subjunctive or indicative form. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Estoy segura que [quedan; queden] entradas. Es dudoso que [hay; hayan] dos asientos juntos. Dudo que l [puede; pueda] pasar por su hotel. Thomas no cree que Roberto y Silvia [quieran; quieren] acompaarlos al teatro. Es cierto que muchas personas [van; vayan] a las funciones en Bellas Artes. Creo que los actores [sean; son] de Buenos Aires. No es cierto que la directora [hable; habla] ingls. Es verdad que mis padres [vengan; vienen] para las fiestas de Navidad.
Exercises
6. 7. 8.
PREPOSITIONS
Para and Por

Complete each sentence using para or por. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Caminamos [por; para] la playa todas las maanas. Este dinero es [por; para] usted. Los Smith salieron [para; por] Acapulco. Thomas vino [por; para] trabajar con nosotros. Compr ropa [por; para] los nios. Vuelva maana [por; para] la maana.
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Grammar Exercises
EXPRESSIONS
Ways to Express Polite Requests

Complete the sentence with the proper polite expression. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. [Perdn; Podra; Gracias] usted decirme dnde hay un buen restaurante? Yo [por favor; puede; quisiera] cambiar cien dlares. Trigame una cerveza, [por favor; quisiera; lo siento]. [Gracias; Puede; Por favor] usted traerme la cuenta, por favor? [Lo siento; Por favor; Podra] usted indicarme dnde est mi habitacin? Yo [lo siento; querra; puede] alquilar una habitacin. [Gracias; Perdn; Querra], seora. Dnde est el Hotel Plaza?
Exercises
No se marche, [por favor; perdn; podra]. Llamar ms tarde, [puede; gracias; por favor]. [Querra; Lo siento; Gracias], no contesta nadie. [Quiere; Perdn; Gracias] usted traerme la cuenta, por favor?
TIME
Days of the Week

Fill in the blank with the correct day of the week. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. El primer da de la semana es el _________. El martes es el da antes del _________. El _________ es el sptimo da. El cuarto da es el _________. El _________ est entre el lunes y el mircoles. El _________ es el sexto da de la semana. El _________ va despus del jueves.
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Holidays, Seasons, and Months

Circle the word that does not belong. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Cul es diferente? [la Noche Vieja; La Nochebuena; el verano; La Navidad] Cul es diferente? [marzo; otoo; febrero; enero] Cul es diferente? [octubre; primavera; verano; invierno] Cul es diferente? [el cumpleaos; viento; felicitaciones; las fiestas] Cul es diferente? [sol; noviembre; calor; buen tiempo] Cul es diferente? [la Pascua; diciembre; la Semana Santa; la primavera]
NUMBERS
Exercises
Numbers Above 100

Write the name of each number in Spanish. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 200 _____________________ 345 _______________________ ________________ ____ __________ 476 _______________________ ________________ ____ __________ 510 _______________________ ___________ 1000 _________________ 983 _______________________ ________________ ____ __________ 701 _______________________ ___________ 638 _______________________ ________________ ____ __________ 859 _______________________ ________________ ____ __________ 267 _______________________ ________________ ____ __________
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Exercise Answers
Exercise Answers
NOUNS
Plural of Nouns 1. un seor 2. unas seoras 3. una oficina de cambio 4. un billete 5. unos dlares 6. unos pesos Definite and Indefinite Articles 1. el seor 2. la seora 3. las oficinas 4. los billetes 5. el dlar 6. los pesos 7. el cambio 8. la oficina de cambio Contractions Del and Al 1. Voy al aeropuerto. 2. Vengo del hotel. 3. Thomas llamas a la secretaria. 4. Me lleva al hotel? 5. Juan sale de la oficina. 6. Voy a ver al seor Garca. 7. El restaurante est al otro lado de la calle. 9. 10. 11. 12. l ellos ellos ellas
Formal and Informal Form of You 1. tyour friend Thomas 2. ustedesyour friends Eduardo & Roberto 3. ustedesyour friends Karen & Silvia 4. tyour friend Elena 5. ustedthe agency director, Mrs. Garca 6. tLupe, your maid 7. ustedesyour mom and dad 8. tyour son 9. ustedesMr. and Mrs. Jones 10. ustedesMrs. Jones and Mrs. Garca 11. tyour sister 12. ustedthe company president 13. ustedyour boss 14. ustedesa group of your teachers Direct Object Pronouns 1. Lo tengo aqu. 2. No la conozco. 3. Ella te llama. 4. Nosotros los compramos. 5. Mario las visita. Indirect Object Pronouns 1. Le hablo. 2. Ella me da la direccin. 3. Te traigo una cerveza. 4. Les hago un precio especial. 5. Le pregunto qu quiere comer. 6. El camarero les da el men. Uses of Lo 1. the important thing = lo importante 2. I dont understand it. = No lo comprendo. 3. the best thing = lo mejor 113
Answers
PRONOUNS
Subject Pronouns 1. yo 2. l 3. ellos 4. ella 5. nosotros 6. ellas 7. l 8. ella
LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH 4. 5. 6. 7. the most interesting thing = lo ms interesante I dont know. = No lo s. Say it. = Dgalo. Leave it. = Djelo. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. El hotel es muy caro. Mxico es una ciudad muy grande. Es una ciudad muy interesante. Yo no tengo mucho dinero. Muchas personas viven en Latinoamrica. Karen tiene muchos amigos en Mxico. Thomas toma mucho caf.
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

Agreement of Adjectives 1. La habitacin es pequea. 2. Los nios estn animados. 3. La informacin es correcta. 4. La seora est encantada de conocerte. 5. Los cuartos son grandes. 6. El hotel es caro. 7. La comida es buena. Possessive Adjectives 1. su carro 2. mi dinero 3. sus casas 4. mis clientes 5. tu direccin 6. su nmero de telfono 7. su esposa 8. nuestras amigas 9. nuestro hotel Demonstrative Adjectives 1. esta casa 2. esos hoteles 3. aquellos hombres 4. aquella mujer 5. esta noche 6. esa medicina 7. esta maana 8. aquel pantaln 9. esas camisas 10. este viaje 11. aquellos autobuses 12. esas montaas Mucho, Muy, and Poco 1. La comida es muy buena. 2. Hay mucha gente en el aeropuerto. 3. Thomas trabaja mucho. 114
Comparisons of Equality 1. Mario tiene tantos hijos como Thomas. 2. Elena es tan alta como Thomas. 3. Thomas maneja tan rpido como yo. 4. T tienes tantas camisas como l. 5. Ese vestido es tan elegante como ste. 6. Mis trajes son tan viejos como los tuyos. 7. Thomas tiene tantos trajes como yo. 8. Karen tiene tantas blusas como Elena. 9. Silvia no necesita comprar tanta comida como Karen. Comparisons of Inequality 1. Estos libros son ms interesantes que sos. 2. La comida en este restaurante es mejor que la comida en el hotel. 3. Thomas es mayor que Elena. 4. Este pauelo es ms elegante que se. 5. Silvia es menor que Elena. 6. T hablas ingls mejor que yo. 7. Ahora me siento peor que antes. 8. Aquellos libros eran ms baratos que stos. Interrogative Words 1. Quin es ese hombre? 2. Cunto dinero necesitas? 3. Cmo te llamas? 4. Cundo llega Thomas? 5. Cunto cuesta la habitacin? 6. Quines son esas personas?
Answers
Exercise Answers
VERBS
Present Tense Indicative 1. yo como 2. t vives 3. nosotros cambiamos 4. ellos necesitan 5. nosotros vivimos 6. ustedes comen 7. l toma 8. yo llevo 9. ella deja 10. usted paga 11. t hablas 12. ellas hablan More About Verbs 1. yo tomo 2. usted lleva 3. ellos necesitan 4. t cambias 5. yo hablo 6. ustedes comen 7. ella vive 8. ellas dejan 9. l camina 10. t doblas 11. nosostras tomamos Stem-Changing Verbs 1. Puedo yo reservar una habitacin? 2. Quieren ustedes ir al restaurante? 3. Juan y Mara salen del aeropuerto. 4. Nosotros venimos desde Miami. 5. Ella viene de una reunin. 6. T tienes amigos en Mxico. 7. Quieres t ir al teatro? 8. Nosotros preferimos comer en el hotel. 9. Puedo yo cambiar unos dlares? 10. Thomas tiene muchas maletas. More Stem-Changing Verbs 1. La oficina se cierra a las cuatro. 2. Yo prefiero comer la ensalada. 3. Cundo vuelves a tu pas?
4. 5. 6. 7.
Cundo vienen ustedes a visitarnos? Nosotros no podemos terminar toda la comida. Thomas pide el men. Karen y Mario juegan al tenis.
Irregular Verbs in the Present Tense 1. Yo voy a mi habitacin. 2. Dnde ponemos (nosotros) el equipaje? 3. Traes t las maletas? 4. El botones trae el equipaje. 5. El botones pone el equipaje al lado de la cama. 6. Karen le da una propina al botones. 7. Yo no oigo nada. 8. Qu dices t? 9. Ellas van a cenar al restaurante. 10. Yo te doy mi nmero de telfono. Ser and Estar 1. Son las cuatro de la tarde. 2. Thomas y Alberto son hombres de negocios. 3. Mara es recepcionista. 4. El restaurante est al otro lado de la calle. 5. Thomas est en Mxico. 6. Ana y Luisa son muy amables. 7. Las maletas no son de usted. 8. Elena es la esposa de Thomas. 9. Yo estoy bien, gracias. 10. Hola, Roberto. Cmo ests? Some Uses of Ser and Estar 1. Yo estoy en el aeropuerto. 2. Nosotros somos de los Estados Unidos. 3. Alberto est en una reunin. 4. El apartamento es de Juan. 5. Qu hora es? 6. El restaurante est cerca del hotel. 7. Est todo bien? 8. El hotel es bastante bueno. 9. Los precios son un poco altos. 10. Thomas es muy inteligente. The Verb Gustar 1. Me gusta la comida mexicana. 2. Te gustan las habitaciones? 3. A ellos, les gusta viajar. 115
Answers
LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Nos gustan las enchiladas. A ella, no le gustan los tacos. A Thomas, no le gusta comer solo. Me gustan los restaurantes buenos. A nosotros nos gustan las habitaciones. A ti no te gusta el desayuno. A los Smith les gusta el hotel. A m me gusta la comida mexicana. A nosotros nos gusta Mxico. Hacer 1. Yo hago una llamada a larga distancia. 2. T haces una reservacin en el hotel. 3. Thomas necesita marcar 6 cuando l hace una llamada local. 4. Nosotros hacemos un viaje a Acapulco. 5. Ud. hace muchas llamadas a los Estados Unidos. 6. Ella hace una reservacin a nombre de Karen Santiago. 7. Uds. hacen varias llamadas a su oficina. The Meaning of Hay 1. No hay nadie aqu que pueda contestar. 2. Haba mucha gente en la calle. 3. Thomas y Elena estaban en Acapulco. 4. Thomas es un hombre de negocios. 5. Los nios estn en casa. 6. Hay dos fiestas esta noche. 7. Hay un banco cerca de aqu? 8. Karen est en el mercado. Reflexive Verbs and Pronouns 1. Nosostros nos marchamos. 2. l se acuesta muy tarde. 3. Ellos se lavan las manos. 4. T te vistes rpidamente. 5. Ellas se divierten en la fiesta. 6. Ustedes se sienten mal. 7. Usted se afeita por la maana. 8. Yo me duermo a las diez de la noche. Some Common Reflexive Verbs 1. Yo normalmente me despierto a las seis. 2. Entonces, yo me levanto a las seis y me bao. 3. Cmo se llama ese seor? 4. Roberto se divierte mucho en la fiesta. 5. A qu hora se acuestan los nios? 6. No te sientes bien t? 7. Nosotros nos sentamos aqu. 8. T siempre te duermes en las reuniones. 9. Eduardo se pone una camisa blanca. 10. Yo me visto antes de salir de la casa.
Verbs Like Gustar 1. Me encantan los camarones. 2. A Elena le fastidian los viajes organizados. 3. Te duelen las piernas? 4. Nos faltan treinta mil pesos. 5. A Karen le preocupa la salud de Mario. 6. A los nios no les interesa una representacin folklrica. 7. No nos quedan muchos das libres. Saber vs. Conocer 1. Conoces a mi hermano? 2. No s dnde est la estacin. 3. Saben ustedes el nombre de ese seor? 4. Los Smith no conocen Colombia. 5. Sabes manejar? 6. Juan conoce a todo el mundo aqu. 7. No conozco la ciudad. Pedir vs. Preguntar 1. Thomas le pregunta a una seora dnde est la oficina de correos. 2. El recepcionista le pide veinticinco pesos por la habitacin. 3. El camarero le pregunta qu quiere comer. 4. La policia le pide el pasaporte. 5. Karen le pregunta al botones dnde hay un restaurante. 6. Thomas pide agua mineral con la cena. 7. Karen pide cerveza con la cena. 8. Mario le pregunta al camarero si tienen tacos.
Answers
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Exercise Answers
Reciprocal Actions 1. Thomas y Elena se llaman frecuentemente por telfono. 2. Nosotros casi nunca nos escribimos. 3. Eduardo y Thomas se vean todos los das en la oficina. 4. Silvia y yo raramente nos hablamos. 5. Se conocen ustedes? 6. Mi marido y yo nos queremos mucho. Present Progressive 1. Juan est hablando por telfono. 2. Nosotros estamos trabajando en la Argentina. 3. Thomas y Elena estn viviendo en un hotel. 4. Yo estoy leyendo un libro muy interesante. 5. Silvia est escribiendo una carta. 6. Por qu ests bebiendo tanto caf? 7. Tus amigos estn bailando. Preterite of Regular Verbs 1. El ao pasado yo visit Chile. 2. Hablaste t con el farmacutico? 3. Ellos vivieron dos aos en el Per. 4. Thomas bebi una cerveza. 5. T nunca comiste en ese restaurante. 6. Reserv usted una mesa en el restaurante? 7. Yo te vi con Eduardo anoche. 8. Consult usted a un mdico? Preterite of Irregular Verbs 1. Mam me dio diez mil pesos. 2. Nosotros no dijimos nada. 3. Qu hiciste t anoche? 4. Dnde puso el botones mi maleta? 5. Elena supo dnde hay un buen mercado. 6. Thomas estuvo en su oficina toda la tarde. 7. Yo no pude encontrar la oficina de correos. Spelling Changes in the Preterite 1. Nosotros fuimos al mar. 2. Roberto y Thomas dijeron que el tour es interesante. 3. Elena no quiso ir a las montaas. 4. Yo ya pagu la cuenta. 5. No durmi usted bien anoche? 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. El polica me pidi el pasaporte. Yo busqu a los nios. Yo empec a trabajar la semana pasada. Los Garca leyeron una noticia en el peridico. Nosotros pedimos una botella de vino. Thomas no pudo terminar la comida. Cmo supiste t la direccin de ella? Nosotros tuvimos una hora libre.
The Imperfect Tense 1. Haca buen tiempo cuando salimos de excursin. 2. Thomas y Alberto siempre hablaban de negocios. 3. Yo viva en Madrid cuando conoc a tu padre. 4. Ellos estaban muy cansados cuando llegaron a Acapulco. 5. Nosotros comamos todos los das en ese restaurante. 6. T siempre salas del trabajo a las seis. 7. Yo iba a Cancn todos los aos. 8. Las esposa de Roberto era su secretaria. 9. Nosotros bamos a las montaas con frecuencia. 10. Los padres de Eduardo eran muy ricos. 11. Yo no poda ver muy bien. 12. Siempre viajaban ustedes en autobs? 13. No me gustaba la ciudad donde viva antes. 14. Elena quera visitar las tiendas. Preterite vs. Imperfect 1. El sbado pasado, yo estaba en Mrida cuando lleg mi amigo. 2. Nosotros bamos todos los das a la playa. 3. Ayer yo vi a Elena en el mercado. 4. Mi marido siempre me llamaba a las cuatro de la tarde. 5. Yo conoc a Eduardo en una fiesta. 6. Ayer yo recib seis llamadas telefnicas. 7. Les gust la representacin folklrica? Past Participle 1. Ha llegado una transferencia desde los Estados Unidos? 2. He abierto una cuenta en el banco. 3. Karen ha dicho que quiere cheques de viaje. 4. Elena ha hecho un depsito. 5. El libro fue escrito por mi profesor. 117
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LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH 6. 7. 8. 9. Los nios han roto la ventana. Has visto a Mario hoy? Silvia todava no ha vuelto de la reunin. Eduardo me ha llamado por telfono. 6. 7. Salgan ustedes del autobs con cuidado. Ponga usted almidn en las camisas.
Some Irregular Past Participles 1. Roberto me ha dicho que usted va a trabajar con nosotros. 2. Los padres de Thomas le han escrito una carta. 3. Lupe, has hecho las camas hoy? 4. Los Smith han vuelto de vacaciones hoy. 5. Por qu no has abierto la puerta? 6. Nosotros no hemos visto todava esa representacin. 7. Elena y yo hemos descubierto una tienda maravillosa. Present Perfect Tense 1. El dinero no ha llegado todava al banco. 2. Thomas ha abierto una cuenta de ahorros. 3. Elena y Silvia no han vuelto del mercado. 4. Qu has hecho t? 5. Ustedes han depositado cinco millones de pesos. 6. Nosotros hemos recibido una transferencia desde Chicago. 7. Yo no he visto a Thomas. Irregular T Commands 1. Prepara la comida. 2. Compra las verduras. 3. Hazlo todo. 4. Ve a la lavandera. 5. Ven conmigo. 6. Ten paciencia. 7. Pon el vino en la mesa. 8. Sal temprano. 9. Recoge la mesa. Formal Commands 1. Hable usted ms despacio, por favor. 2. Esperen ustedes junto a la puerta. 3. Llame usted ms tarde. 4. Vayan ustedes hasta la calle siguiente. 5. Traiga usted la cuenta, por favor. 118
Irregular Verbs in the Future Tense 1. Ustedes tendrn que terminar el trabajo maana. 2. Nostros querremos causar una buena impresin. 3. El vuelo saldr a las tres y cuarto. 4. Yo pondr el maletn debajo de mi asiento. 5. Sabr la directora que no hemos terminado? 6. Qu dir mi esposo cuando me vea con una permanente? 7. Ustedes podrn llamarme desde el aeropuerto. 8. Vendrn Elena y los nios al aeropuerto con Thomas? 9. Habr tiempo suficiente para documentar el equipaje? 10. Thomas har otro viaje al Ecuador en octubre. The Conditional Tense 1. Thomas dijo que hablara con Elena. 2. Ella comera en un restaurante mexicano. 3. Nosotros viviramos en Mxico por un ao. 4. Ellos diran que Roberto es su amigo. 5. Ellas haran un buen almuerzo para ti. 6. Yo podra visitar Acapulco. 7. T saldras del trabajo a las seis. 8. Karen tendra que reservar cuatro puestos. 9. Mario vendra a Taxco con Karen. Irregular Verbs in the Conditional Tense 1. Por favor, podra usted decirme la hora? 2. Pens que los padres de Thomas vendran para las fiestas de Navidad. 3. Yo querra cambiar cien dlares, por favor. 4. El mecnico me dijo que l me pondra aire en la rueda. 5. Sera usted tan amable de indicarme el camino? 6. La permanente le dara ms volumen. 7. Eso le vendra bien a mi marido. 8. A mi marido, no le gustaran tantos rizos. 9. Qu haras t en mi lugar?
Answers
Exercise Answers
Spelling Changes in the Present Subjunctive 1. Thomas quiere que el camarero le traiga agua. 2. El mdico me dice que yo tome esta pastilla. 3. Es preferible que ustedes vayan con un tour organizado. 4. Elena insiste en que Lupe haga todo el trabajo hoy. 5. Recomiendo que t busques un buen mecnico. 6. Es terrible que nosotros no tengamos ni un momento libre esta semana! 7. Es ridculo que ustedes no acepten tarjetas de crdito! 8. Quiero que t me expliques algo. Present Subjunctive Forms 1. Quiero que usted lave la ropa en agua fra. 2. Quiero que ustedes vengan a verme hoy. 3. Prefiero que los nios no estn solos en la casa. 4. Es necesario que t me des tu nmero de telfono. 5. Espero que alguien conteste el telfono. 6. Les recomiendo que ustedes no beban el agua. 7. Qu quieres que yo haga ahora? 8. Quiero que t me digas toda la verdad. Subjunctive After Impersonal Expressions 1. Es importante que usted evite las comidas pesadas. 2. Es necesario que yo tome alguna medicina especial? 3. Es preciso que nosotros vayamos al mercado hoy. 4. Es preferible que ustedes vengan conmigo al mercado. 5. Es increble que t compres tanto! 6. Es terrible que ellos no puedan acompaarnos! 7. Es posible que ellos no tengan pescado hoy. Subjunctive After Verbs of Emotion 1. Me alegro de que usted pueda acompaarnos el viernes. 2. Es una lstima que a ustedes no les guste el teatro. 3. Me fastidia que ellos no sirvan carne en este restaurante. 4. 5. 6. 7. Te sorprende que las entradas sean tan caras? Me asombra que t conozcas a mis primos en Chicago! Siento que nosotros no tengamos ms tiempo libre para ver la ciudad. Espero que nosotras terminemos el trabajo pronto.
Subjunctive After Verbs of Willing 1. Elena quiere que el mecnico revise el aceite. 2. El mecnico no quiere que yo pague con tarjeta de crdito. 3. Roberto prohibe que sus hijos manejen el carro nuevo. 4. Karen pide que el mecnico le ponga agua en la batera. 5. Thomas insiste en que Elena vuelva a casa ahora mismo. 6. El mdico me recomienda que yo duerma un mnimo de siete horas cada noche. 7. Los Smith quieren encontrar una casa en el centro. 8. Silvia quiere comprar unas salchichas. Subjunctive in Adverbial Clauses 1. Iremos a Espaa cuando nosotros terminemos el trabajo aqu. 2. Te llamar tan pronto como llegue al hotel. 3. No te olvides de comprar la carne cuando ests en el mercado. 4. En cuanto Thomas encuentre un apartamento, va a traer a su familia. 5. Siempre compro regalos cuando yo estoy en Acapulco. 6. Elena no quiere manejar mientras ella est en Mxico. 7. Usted no puede marcharse hasta que consiga un pasaporte. 8. Cuando voy de vacaciones, me gusta viajar en autobs. 9. Karen siempre le llama a Mario tan pronto como llega al hotel.
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119
LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH Subjunctive in Expressions of Doubt 1. Estoy segura que quedan entradas. 2. Es dudoso que hayan dos asientos juntos. 3. Dudo que l pueda pasar por su hotel. 4. Thomas no cree que Roberto y Silvia quieran acompaarlos al teatro. 5. Es cierto que muchas personas van a las funciones en Bellas Artes. 6. Creo que los actores son de Buenos Aires. 7. No es cierto que la directora hable ingls. 8. Es verdad que mis padres vienen para las fiestas de Navidad.
TIME
Days of the Week 1. El primer da de la semana es el lunes. 2. El martes es el da antes del mircoles. 3. El domingo es el sptimo da. 4. El cuarto da es el jueves. 5. El martes est entre el lunes y el mircoles. 6. El sbado es el sexto da de la semana. 7. El viernes va despus del jueves. Holidays, Seasons, and Months 1. El verano es una estacin; no es un da festivo. 2. El otoo es una estacin; no es un mes. 3. Octubre es un mes; no es una estacin. 4. El viento no tiene que ver con los cumpleaos. 5. Noviembre no tiene que ver con el tiempo. 6. Diciembre no tiene que ver con la primavera.
PREPOSITIONS
Para and Por 1. Caminamos por la playa todas las maanas. 2. Este dinero es para usted. 3. Los Smith salieron para Acapulco. 4. Thomas vino para trabajar con nosotros. 5. Compr ropa para los nios. 6. Vuelva maana por la maana.
NUMBERS
Numbers above 100 1. doscientos 2. trescientos cuarenta y cinco 3. cuatrocientos setenta y seis 4. quinientos diez 5. mil 6. novecientos ochenta y tres 7. setecientos uno 8. seiscientos treinta y ocho 9. ochocientos cincuenta y nueve 10. doscientos sesenta y siete
Answers
EXPRESSIONS
Ways to Express Polite Requests 1. Podra usted decirme dnde hay un buen restaurante? 2. Yo quisiera cambiar cien dlares. 3. Trigame una cerveza, por favor. 4. Puede usted traerme la cuenta, por favor? 5. Podra usted indicarme dnde est mi habitacin? 6. Yo querra alquilar una habitacin. 7. Perdn, seora. Dnde est el Hotel Plaza? 8. No se marche, por favor. 9. Llamar ms tarde, gracias. 10. Lo siento, no contesta nadie. 11. Quiere usted traerme la cuenta, por favor?
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Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Spanish
a continuacin a la derecha a la derecha de a la izquierda a la izquierda de a la vuelta a partir de a qu hora? a veces abierto el abogado abrazar abril abrir la abuela el abuelo el aburrimiento el aceite aceptar acompaar el acondicionador aconsejar acostarse acostumbrado el actor la actriz acumulado adis adnde? el aeropuerto
English
further on to, on the right to the right of to, on the left to the left of around the corner starting on what time? at what time? sometimes open lawyer to embrace April to open grandmother grandfather boredom oil accept to go with, accompany conditioner to advise to go to bed to be used to actor actress accumulated good-bye where? to where? airport
Spanish
afeitarse las afueras la agencia de viajes el agente agosto agradable agrio el agua el agua mineral el aguacate agudo ah ahora ahora mismo los ahorros el aire el ajo al al final al lado de alcohlico alegrarse algo alguien algn all el almidn la almohada el almuerzo el alojamiento
English
to shave suburbs, outskirts travel agency agent August pleasant sour water mineral water avocado sharp there now right away savings air garlic to the at the end next to, beside alcoholic to be glad something someone some, any there starch pillow lunch hotel accomodations 121
Vocabulary
el altar la altitud amable amarillo la ambulancia amueblado anaranjado andar el andn angosto animado el aniversario el ao anoche antes antes de anunciar el aparato el apartamento apetecer el apio aplaudir aquel aquellos aqu aqu tiene la araa el arquitecto arreglar arriba el arroyo el arroyo el arroz el ascensor 122
altar altitude kind yellow ambulance furnished orange to walk platform narrow lively anniversary year last night sooner, before before to announce machine apartment to appeal to celery to applaud that (over there) those (over there) here here you are spider architect to fix above creek creek rice elevator
as el asiento asistir a la aspiradora el asteroide atrs el atn el autobs el automvil la avenida el avin ayudar el azcar azul bailar el balance el balcn la banana baarse el bao barato la barbilla la barca el barco barrer bastante el bal el beb beber la bebida la bicicleta bien el billete el bistec
so that, that way seat to attend vacuum cleaner asteroid in the back tuna bus car avenue airplane to help sugar blue to dance balance (account balance) balcony banana to take a bath bathroom cheap, inexpensive chin ferry ship to sweep rather, enough trunk baby to drink drink, beverage bicycle well, fine bill (paper money) steak
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
blanco la blusa la bocina el boleto la bolsa la bomba el bosque la bota el botn el botones el bou el brazo el brculi bucear buenas noches buenas tardes bueno Bueno. beuno? buenos das el bulevar buscar el caballo la cabeza cada la cadera el caf el caimn la caja el cajero los calcetines la calculadora la calle los calzoncillos
white blouse horn ticket bag gasoline pump forest boot button bellhop type of fishing boat arm broccoli to scuba dive good night good afternoon/evening good O.K., Fine. hello? good morning boulevard to look for horse head each hip coffee alligator cash register cashier socks calculator street mens underwear
la cama la cama matrimonial el camarero los camarones cambiar el cambio caminar la camisa la camiseta la campia el campo la cancin el cantante la cantidad cargar a la habitacin la carne la carne asada la carne de cerdo la carne de res la carnicera el carnicero caro la carretera el carro la carta la casa casado la cascada casi catorce caurenta y ocho la causa la cena el cenicero
bed double bed waiter shrimp to change exchange rate to walk shirt undershirt, t-shirt countryside country, countryside song singer quantity to charge to the room meat roast beef pork beef meat counter, butcher shop butcher expensive highway car letter house married waterfall almost fourteen forty-eight cause dinner ashtray 123
Vocabulary
el centro el cepillo cerca de cero cerrar la cerveza el chaleco el champ la chaqueta la chaqueta el cheque el cheque de viaje el cheque de viajero chilln el chocolate la chuleta de cerdo cien cinco cincuenta cincuenta y cinco cincuenta y cuatro cincuenta y dos cincuenta y nueve cincuenta y ocho cincuenta y seis cincuenta y siete cincuenta y tres cincuenta y uno el cine el cinturn la ciudad claro la clase clsico 124
downtown brush near, close to zero to close beer vest shampoo jacket jacket check travelers check travelers check loud (e.g. colors) chocolate pork chop one hundred five fifty fifty-five fifty-four fifty-two fifty-nine fifty-eight fifty-six fifty-seven fifty-three fifty-one movie theater belt city of course class classic
la cobija cobrar el coche la cocina el cocinero el coco el cocodrilo el codo el cofre coincidir la coliflor colonial el color el comedor comer la comida cmo? Cmo no! comprar comprender la computadora con con antelacin conocer conseguir el consom de pollo construir consultar contestar contigo continuo convenir conversar la corbata
blanket to cash car kitchen cook, chef coconut crocodile elbow hood to coincide cauliflower colonial color dining room to eat food how? Of course! to buy to understand computer with in advance to know, meet to get, acquire chicken soup to build to consult to answer with you continuous to be convenient to talk with, converse tie
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
cortarse el pelo coser la costa costar el coulomb creer el cuaderno la cuadra el cuadro cundo? cunto? cuntos? cuarenta cuarenta y cinco cuarenta y cuatro cuarenta y dos cuarenta y nueve cuarenta y seis cuarenta y siete cuarenta y tres cuarenta y uno cuarto el cuarto de bao cuatro cuatrocientos el cubo la cuenta la cuenta corriente la cuenta de ahorros el cuidado cuidarse el cumpleaos la cuada la cuota
to cut ones hair to sew coast to cost coulomb (Physics) to believe notebook block painting when? how much? how many? forty forty-five forty-four forty-two forty-nine forty-six forty-seven forty-three forty-one fourth bathroom four four hundred cube bill, check, account checking account savings account care to take care of oneself birthday sister-in-law quota
dar dar clases de de acuerdo de cuero de nada de paso de persona a persona de ser posible de vacaciones debajo de deber dbil dcimo decir dejar del delante de delicioso demasiado la demora dentro de depender de la dependienta depositar el depsito el desayuno descansar desde hace desear desinflado despertarse despus
to give to give classes, teach of O.K., in agreement leather youre welcome while youre at it person to person if its possible on vacation under to be ought to, should, must weak tenth to tell to leave, let of the, about the in front of delicious too much delay within to depend on salesclerk to deposit deposit breakfast to rest since, its been to want flat, not inflated to wake up after, afterwards 125
Vocabulary
despus de detrs de la deuda el da el Da de Ao Nuevo el Da de Independencia el Da de los Muertos diario la diarrea diciembre diecinueve dieciocho diecisis diecisiete diez difcil dgame? el dinero la direccin directamente directo la directora el disco discreto disfrutar dismil el distribuidor diurno divertirse dividir divorciado doblar doce el doctor 126
after behind debt day New Years Day Independence Day All Souls Day daily diarrhea December nineteen eighteen sixteen seventeen ten difficult May I help you? money address directly direct director record discreet, subtle to enjoy dissimilar distributor daily to enjoy oneself to divide divorced to turn twelve doctor
documentar el dlar doler el dolor el dolor de estmago el domingo dnde? dormirse el dormitorio dos doscientos doscientos dulce duodcimo durante economizar el ecuador el efectivo el efecto l la electricidad elegante el elenco ella ellos el embarque el embotellamiento empezar el empleado el empleado de servicio en efectivo en efecto en frente de
to check, document (the luggage) dollar to hurt pain stomach ache Sunday where? to fall asleep bedroom two two hundred two hundred sweet twelfth during to budget, save equator cash effect he electricity elegant cast she, her they, them boarding traffic jam to begin employee attendant in cash thats correct, right in front of
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
en la esquina en tourne encantado encantar encargar el encargo las enchiladas suizas encima de encontrar enero el enfermero la ensalada verde ensear entonces la entrada entre envolver el equipaje equivocarse las escaleras el escenario la escoba escribir la escuela ese ese esos el espacio especial la especialidad el espejo esperar
at, on the corner on tour pleased, happy (to meet you) to love, please to request order, job chicken enchiladas on top of to find January nurse green salad to show then, so ticket between to wrap up luggage to make a mistake, be mistaken stairs stage broom to write school that (that one) that (nearby) those (nearby) space special specialty, special mirror to wait, hope
la esposa el esposo la esquina est bien la estacin de tren los Estados Unidos estar estar de visita estar de vuelta este ste estos estrenar el estudiante la estufa estupendo el eufemismo la Europa evitar la excursin el excursionismo a pie extrao el faisn la falda la familia los faros febrero la felicidad felicitaciones! la ferretera la fiesta el final el flan el flequillo
wife husband corner alright train station the United States to be to be visiting to be back this this one these to debut student stove fantastic, great euphemism Europe to avoid trip, tour hiking strange pheasant skirt family headlights February happiness congratulations hardware store party end custard bangs 127
Vocabulary
folklrico los fondos las frambuesas frecuente el fregadero el fregasuelos los frenos la frente frente a la fresa fresco fro la fruta el frutero la fuente fuera de fumar la funcin funcionar el garaje los gemelos gracias grande la grasa gris la gra el guante el gusano gustar el gusto la habitacin hablar habr hace buen tiempo 128
folkloric funds raspberries frequent sink mop brakes forehead facing strawberry fresh cold fruit fruit vendor fountain outside to smoke show to work, function garage twins thank you large, big grease, fat gray tow truck glove worm to be pleasing to, to like taste room to speak, talk there will, it will its nice weather
hace calor hace fresco hace fro hace mal tiempo hace sol hace viento hacer hacer camping hacer juego con hacer la cama hacer las compras hacer un viaje hacer una llamada hacerse una permanente la hamaca la hamburguesa la harina hasta hasta all hasta luego hay el helado el helicptero la hermana el hermano el hielo los hijos la hilera la historia hola el hombre la hora el horno horroroso
its hot its cool its cold its bad weather its sunny its windy to make, do to camp to match with to make the bed to do the shopping to take a trip to make a call to get a permanent hammock hamburger flour until to that place, there until then, see you later there is, there are ice cream helicopter sister brother ice children, sons row history hello, hi man hour oven horrible, horrifying
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
el hotel hoy hoy el huevo igualmente incluir la industria la informacin el ingeniero la inmobiliaria insistir la intencin el inters interesante invertir el invierno el invitado invitar ir a ir de vacaciones el jabn el jamn el jefe la jirafa el joule el jueves jugar el jugo el juguete julio junio junto a justo
hotel today today egg equally to include industry, manufacturing company information engineer rental agency to insist, keep trying intention interest interesting to invest Winter guest to invite to go to, be going to to go on vacation soap ham chief giraffe joule (Physics) Thursday to play juice toy July June next to exactly, just
ka el karate el kilo el kinesilogo kurdo el labio el laboratorio la lana la langosta la lavadora la lavandera el lavaplatos lavar lavar en seco lavarse lavarse el pelo le la leche lejos lejos de la lengua lento el len les levantarse las libras libre la librera el libro el limn la limonada limpiar
letter k karate kilogram, kilo kinesiologist Kurdish lip laboratory wool lobster washing machine laundry dishwasher to wash to dryclean to wash oneself to wash ones hair to him, to her, to you (formal) milk far far, far from tongue slow lion to them, to you (plural, formal) to get up pounds free, available bookstore book lime, lemon limonade to clean 129
Vocabulary
lindo liso listo la llamada llamar llamar en la puerta llamarse la llanta llegar llenar llevar llevar mucho tiempo la lluvia lo lo lo siento el lobo los Luis el lunes la madre el maestro mal el malestar general la maleta malhumorado la mam maana mandar un fax manejar el mango el mantel la mantequilla la manzana 130
pretty smooth ready call, phone call to call to knock on the door to be named, called tire to arrive to fill to take, carry to take a long time rain it him, you (formal) Im sorry wolf them, you (plural, formal) Louis Monday mother teacher badly, ill general feeling of illness suitcase in a bad mood mom, mother tomorrow to send a fax to drive mango tablecloth butter apple
la manzana el mar marcar marcharse el marido los mariscos marrn el martes marzo ms ms bien ms tarde el matrimonio mayo mayor me me la medicina el mdico medio las mejillas mejor mejor mejorarse el melon menor menos el mercado la merienda la mermelada meter el metro mexicano Mxico
apple sea to dial to leave, go away husband seafood brown Tuesday March more more like later married couple May older to me to me medicine doctor half cheeks better better to get better melon younger less market snack jam to put in subway Mexican Mexico
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
mi el microondas el microscopio el mircoles mil mirar el momento la montaa los monumentos morado la motocicleta el motor mucho los muebles la mujer la msica el msico muy Muy amable. nada nadar nadie la naranja la nariz la Navidad necesitar el negativo negro ni la niebla el nieto ningn los nios no hay de que
my microwave microscope Wednesday one thousand to look, look at moment mountain historic sites purple motorcycle engine a lot, much furniture woman, wife music musician very Youre very kind. nothing to swim no one orange (fruit) nose Christmas to need negative black neither, nor fog grandchild no, none children its nothing, youre
no tener razn la noche la Noche Vieja la Nochebuena el nombre normalmente norteamericano nos nosotros novecientos noveno noventa noventa (90) noventa y cinco noventa y cuatro noventa y dos noventa y nueve noventa y ocho noventa y seis noventa y siete noventa y tres noventa y uno noviembre la nube las nueces las nueve nueve nuevo el nmero nunca o la ocasin
welcome to be wrong night New Years Eve Christmas Eve name normally North American, from the U.S. to us we, us nine hundred ninth ninety ninety ninety-five ninety-four ninety-two ninety-nine ninety-eight ninety-six ninety-seven ninety-three ninety-one November cloud nuts nine oclock nine new number never either, or occasion 131
Vocabulary
ochenta ochenta y cinco ochenta y cuatro ochenta y dos ochenta y nueve ochenta y ocho ochenta y seis ochenta y siete ochenta y tres ochenta y uno ocho ochocientos octavo octubre ocurrir la oficina la oficina de cambio la oficina de correos la oficina de informacin ofrecer el ojo la olla olvidarse de once la operadora os el oso el otoo otro el padre los padres pagar la pgina el pas 132
eighty eighty-five eighty-four eighty-two eighty-nine eighty-eight eighty-six eighty-seven eighty-three eighty-one eight eight hundred eighth October to occur office exchange office post office information office to offer eye pot to forget about eleven operator to you (plural, informal) bear Autumn other father parents to pay page country, nation
el pan la pantalla el pantaln los pantalones el pauelo las papas fritas el par para el parabrisas parecer el parque nacional la parte el pasaje el pasajero el pasaporte pasar pasar la aspiradora pasar por pasar unos das la Pascua (Florida) pasear el pasillo la pasta la pastilla el patio pedir peinarse el peine la pelcula el pelo el pelo lacio el pelo ondulado el pelo rizado
bread screen pants pants scarf fried potatoes, french fries pair for windshield to seem national park part ticket, airline ticket passenger passport to come in, pass to run the vacuum cleaner to go through to spend a few days Easter to stroll, walk hallway pasta pill patio to order, ask for to comb comb movie hair straight hair wavy hair curly hair
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
la pelota la peluca la peluquera la peluquera pensar pensar en peor pequeo pequeo perderse perdn perdone pero la persona pesado pesar el pescado el peso la piel la pierna el piloto la pimienta la pia el piso la pista planchar el plstico plateado la playa la plaza de garaje las plazas poder el polica el pollo
ball wig hair dresser beauty shop to think to think about worse small small to get lost excuse me excuse me but person heavy to weigh fish peso skin leg pilot pepper pineapple floor, story of a building runway to iron plastic silver beach garage space seats, spaces to be able, can police officer chicken
el polvo el poncho poner ponerse ponerse moreno por por cierto por cobrar por Dios por ejemplo por eso por favor por fin por lo general por lo menos por si acaso por supuesto porque posible el postre el precio preciso preferir preguntar preocuparse la primavera primero el primo privado el producto el profesor pronto prximo
dust poncho to put to put on to get tanned per, for by the way, incidentally collect, reversing the charges for Heavens sake for example thats why please finally in general at least just in case of course because possible dessert price necessary to prefer to ask to worry Spring first cousin private product professor soon next 133
Vocabulary
el pueblo el puente la puerta el puerto pues el pulgar las puntas que qu? quedar quedarle bien quedarse quedarse calvo Qudese con la vuelta. quemar querer el queso quin? quince quince quinientos quinto quitar quitarse Quito quizs la rana el rayo rebelde el recado el recepcionista la receta recibir recibir una llamada 134
town, village bridge door, gate port well thumb ends of hair that, which what? to stay, remain, be to look good on one to stay to go bald Keep the change. to burn to want cheese who? whom? fifteen fifteen five hundred fifth to remove to take off Quito maybe frog lightening rebellious message receptionist prescription to receive to receive a call
recoger recomendar recorrer el refresco el refrigerador regresar la reina el remiendo la representacin la representacin de teatro la reservacin reservado reservar el restaurante la reunin revisar el rey rico los rizos rojo la ropa la ropa interior la rueda el ruedo el ruido el sbado la sbana saber sacar la sal la sala la sala de espera la sala de estar
to pick up to recommend to travel along softdrink refrigerator to return queen patch show play (drama) reservation reserved to reserve restaurant meeting to check king rich, delicious curls red clothes underwear wheel hem noise Saturday sheet (bed sheet) to know to withdraw salt living room waiting room living room
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
la salchicha la salida salir la sandalia la sanda el sauce la secadora la secadora de pelo secar la seccin la seccin de no fumar seco la secretaria la seda seguir segundo seguro seis seiscientos la seleccin el semforo la semana la semana libre la Semana Santa la seal de alto el seor la seora sentarse sentarse sentir sentirse sentirse septiembre sptimo
sausage departure, exit to leave sandal watermelon willow dryer hairdryer to dry section non-smoking section dry (adj.) secretary silk to follow, continue second sure six six hundred selection traffic light week week off Easter week stop sign man, sir, Mr. woman, maam, Mrs. to sit down to sit down, seat oneself to feel to feel to feel September seventh
ser la serpiente sesenta sesenta y cinco sesenta y cuatro sesenta y dos sesenta y nueve sesenta y ocho sesenta y seis sesenta y siete sesenta y tres sesenta y uno setecientos setenta setenta y cinco setenta y cuatro setenta y dos setenta y nueve setenta y ocho setenta y seis setenta y siete setenta y tres setenta y uno sexto si s siempre la sierra siete siguiente sin sobre el sobre sobre todo
to be snake sixty sixty-five sixty-four sixty-two sixty-nine sixty-eight sixty-six sixty-seven sixty-three sixty-one seven hundred seventy seventy-five seventy-four seventy-two seventy-nine seventy-eight seventy-six seventy-seven seventy-three seventy-one sixth if yes always saw seven next without about envelope above all 135
Vocabulary
el sobrino el socio el sol solo slo soltero el sombrero el sostn su subir sucio el sucre suelto el suter el supermercado el sur la talla tambin tampoco el tanque tanto tantos el tapn de rueda la taquilla tardar tarde la tarde la tarjeta de crdito la tarjeta telefnica el taxi el taxista la taza la taza el tazn 136
nephew colleague, partner sun just, alone only, just single hat bra your (formal) to go up, get on dirty sucre loose sweater supermarket south size also neither tank so much, as much so many hubcap ticket booth to take time late afternoon credit card phone card taxi taxi driver cup cup bowl
te el t el teatro el techo el tcnico el telfono el telegrama la televisin el televisor el tema las tenazas tener tener calor tener cuidado tener fiebre tener fro tener ganas de tener ganas de tener hambre tener miedo tener nuseas tener prisa tener que tener que tener razn tener sed tener sueo tener... aos tercero terminar la ternera terrible el tiempo
to you (informal) tea theater roof repairman telephone telegram television television subject, topic curling iron to have to be hot to be careful to have a fever to be cold to feel like to feel like (doing something) to be hungry to be afraid to be nauseous to be in a hurry to have to (do something) to have to to be right to be thirsty to be sleepy to be years old third to finish, end veal terrible time, weather
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
el tiempo libre la tienda las tijeras la tintorera el to la toalla todava todava no todo derecho todos tomar tomar una copa la tormenta la toronja la torta de chocolate el tour el tour organizado trabajar el trabajo traer el trfico el traje la transferencia tratar tratar de trece treinta (30) treinta y cinco treinta y cuatro treinta y dos treinta y nueve treinta y ocho treinta y seis treinta y siete
free time store scissors dry cleaners uncle towel still, yet not yet straight ahead all to take, drink, eat to have a drink storm grapefruit chocolate cake tour organized tour to work work to bring traffic suit transfer to try to try to thirteen thirty thirty-five thirty-four thirty-two thirty-nine thirty-eight thirty-six thirty-seven
treinta y tres treinta y uno el tren tres (3) trescientos trescientos triunfar el triunfo t los tubos elctricos ltimo un un par de un poco la ua la universidad uno unos usted ustedes la uva las uvas la vaca varios el vaso veinte veinte veinticinco veinticuatro veintidos veintinueve veintiocho veintisis veintisiete
thirty-three thirty-one train three three hundred three hundred to triumph victory you (informal) electric curlers last a a pair of, a couple of a little fingernail university one some you (formal) you (formal, plural) grape grapes cow several drinking glass twenty twenty twenty-five twenty-four twenty-two twenty-nine twenty-eight twenty-six twenty-seven 137
Vocabulary
veintitrs veintiuno venir venirle bien la ventaja la ventana ver el verano verdad? la verdad verde la verdura las verduras verse el vrtigo el vestido vestirse el viaje viejo el viento el viernes el vino la violeta la viuda la vivienda vivir el volante el volumen volver a volver a llamar vosotros
twenty-three twenty-one to come to suit one advantage window to see Summer right? truth green vegetable vegetables to see one another dizziness dress to get dressed trip old wind Friday wine violet widow place to live, dwelling to live steering wheel volume to return to, do again call again you (informal, plural)
el vuelo el wafle Washington el whisky Wilma Wyoming Xavier y ya la yegua yo Yucatn las zanahorias el zapato el zoolgico el zorro
flight waffle Washington whiskey Wilma Wyoming Xavier and already mare I Yucatan carrots shoe zoo fox
Vocabulary
Note: This glossary is a reference of the vocabulary words introduced in the Learn To Speak Spanish program along with their English translations. It is not intended to be a comprehensive lexicon of the Spanish language. 138
Appendices
APPENDIX A: VERB REVIEW
I. REGULAR -AR VERBS: HABLAR (to speak) hablar hablando hablado Present Subjunctive habl e habl es habl e habl emos habl is habl en Imperative: habla (t); no hables (t) hable (usted)
Infinitive: Gerund: Past Participle:
Present Indicative yo t l, ella, usted nosotros, nosotras vosotros, vosotras ellos, ellas, ustedes habl o habl as habl a habl amos habl is habl an
Preterite habl habl aste habl habl amos habl asteis habl aron
Imperfect habl aba habl abas habl aba habl bamos habl abais habl aban
Future hablar hablar s hablar hablar emos hablar is hablar n
Conditional hablar a hablar as hablar a hablar amos hablar ais hablar an
Appendices
*The Present Perfect is conjugated with the auxiliary verb haber and the past participle: he amado, has amado, ha amado, hemos amado, habis amado, han amado.
139
II.
REGULAR -ER VERBS: COMER (to eat) comer comiendo comido Present Subjunctive com a com as com a com amos com is com an Imperative: come (t); no comas (t) coma (usted)
Present Indicative yo t l, ella, usted nosotros, nosotras vosotros, vosotras ellos, ellas, ustedes com o com es com e com emos com is com en
Preterite com com iste com i com imos com isteis com ieron
Imperfect com a com as com a com amos com ais com an
Future comer comer s comer comer emos comer is comer n
Conditional comer a comer as comer a comer amos comer ais comer an
*The Present Perfect is conjugated with the auxiliary verb haber and the past participle: he comido, has comido, ha comido, hemos comido, hab is comido, han comido.
Appendices
140
Appendix A: Verb Review
III.
REGULAR -IR VERBS: VIVIR (to live) vivir viviendo vivido Present Subjunctive viv a viv as viv a viv amos viv is viv an Imperative: vive (t); no vivas (t) viva (usted)
Present Indicative yo t l, ella, usted nosotros, nosotras vosotros, vosotras ellos, ellas, ustedes viv o viv as viv e viv imos viv s viv en
Preterite viv viv iste viv i viv imos viv isteis viv ieron
Imperfect viv a viv as viv a viv amos viv ais viv an
Future vivir vivir s vivir vivir emos vivir is vivir n
Conditional vivir a vivir as vivir a vivir amos vivir ais vivir an
*The Present Perfect is conjugated with the auxiliary verb haber and the past participle: he vivido, has vivido, ha vivido, hemos vivido, habis vivido, han vivido.
Appendices
141
IV. A.
SOME COMMONLY USED IRREGULAR VERBS Dar (to give) dar dando dado Present Subjunctive d des d demos deis den Imperative: da (t); no des (t) d (usted)
yo t l, ella, usted nosotros, nosotras vosotros, vosotras ellos, ellas, ustedes B.
Present Indicative doy das da damos dais dan
Preterite di diste dio dimos disteis dieron
Imperfect daba dabas daba dbamos dabais daban
Future dar dars dar daremos daris darn
Conditional dara daras dara daramos darais daran
Decir (to say) decir diciendo dicho Present Subjunctive diga digas diga digamos digis digan Imperative: di (t); no digas (t) diga (usted)
yo t l, ella, usted nosotros, nosotras vosotros, vosotras ellos, ellas, ustedes
Appendices
Present Indicative digo dices dice decimos decs dicen
Preterite dije dijiste dijo dijimos dijisteis dijeron
Imperfect deca decas deca decamos decais decan
Future dir dirs dir diremos diris dirn
Conditional dira diras dira diramos dirais diran
142
C.
Estar (to be) estar estando estado Present Subjunctive est ests est estemos estis estn Imperative: est (t); no ests (t) est (usted)
yo t l, ella, usted nosotros, nosotras vosotros, vosotras ellos, ellas, ustedes D.
Present Indicative estoy ests est estamos estis estn
Preterite estuve estuviste estuvo estuvimos estuvisteis estuvieron
Imperfect estaba estabas estaba estbamos estabais estaban
Future estar estars estar estaremos estaris estarn
Conditional estara estaras estara estaramos estarais estaran
Hacer (to make; to do) hacer haciendo hecho Present Subjunctive haga hagas haga hagamos hagis hagan Imperative: haz (t); no hagas (t) haga (usted)
Present Indicative hago haces hace hacemos hacis hacen
Preterite hice hiciste hizo hicimos hicisteis hiciero n
Imperfect haca hacas haca hacamos hacais hacan
Future har hars har haremos haris harn
Conditional hara haras hara haramos harais haran
Appendices
143
E.
Ir (to go) ir yendo ido Present Subjunctive vaya vayas vaya vayamos vayis vayan Imperative: v (t); no vayas (t) vaya (usted)
yo t l, ella, usted nosotros, nosotras vosotros, vosotras ellos, ellas, ustedes F.
Present Indicative voy vas va vamos vais van
Preterite fui fuiste fue fuimos fuisteis fueron
Imperfect iba ibas iba bamos ibais iban
Future ir irs ir iremos iris irn
Conditional ira iras iras iramos irais iran
Or (to hear) or oyendo odo Present Subjunctive oiga oigas oiga oigamos oigis oigan Imperative: oye (t); no oigas (t) oiga (usted)
Present Indicative oigo oyes oye omos os oyen
Preterite o oste oy omos osteis oyeron
Imperfect oa oas oa oamos oais oan
Future oir oirs oir oiremos oiris oirn
Conditional oira oiras oira oiramos oirais oiran
Appendices
144
G.
Poder (can; to be able to) poder pudiendo podido Present Subjunctive pueda puedas puede podamos podis puedan Preterite pude pudiste pudo pudimos pudisteis pudieron Imperfect poda podas poda podamos podais podan Future podr podrs podr podremos podris podrn Conditional podra podras podra podramos podrais podran
yo t l, ella, usted nosotros, nosotras vosotros, vosotras ellos, ellas, ustedes H.
Present Indicative puedo puedes puede podemos podis pueden
Querer (to want) querer queriendo querido Present Subjunctive quiera quieras quiera queramos queris quieran Preterite quise quisiste quiso quisimos quisisteis quisieron Imperfect quera quera queras quera queramos queran Future querr querrs querr querremos querris querrn Conditional querra querras querra querramos querrais querran
Present Indicative quiero quieres quiere queremos queris quieren
Appendices
145
I.
Ser (to be) ser siendo sido Present Subjunctive sea seas sea seamos seis sean Imperative: s (t); no seas (t) sea (usted)
yo t l, ella, usted nosotros, nosotras vosotros, vosotras ellos, ellas, ustedes J.
Present Indicative soy eres es somos sois son
Preterite fui fuiste fue fuimos fuisteis fueron
Imperfect era eras era ramos erais eran
Future ser sers ser seremos seris sern
Conditional sera seras sera seramos serais seran
Saber (to know) saber sabiendo sabido Present Subjunctive sepa sepas sepa sepamos sepis sepan Imperative: sabe (t); no sepas (t) sepa (usted)
Present Indicative s sabes sabe sabemos sabis saben
Preterite supe supiste supo supimos supisteis supieron
Imperfect saba sabas saba sabamos sabais saban
Future sabr sabrs sabr sabremos sabris sabrn
Conditional sabra sabras sabra sabramos sabrais sabran
Appendices
146
K.
Tener (to have) tener teniendo tenido Present Subjunctive tenga tengas tenga tengamos tengis tengan Imperative: ten (t); no tengas(t) tenga (usted)
yo t l, ella, usted nosotros, nosotras vosotros, vosotras ellos, ellas, ustedes L.
Present Indicative tengo tienes tiene tenemos tenis tienen
Preterite tuve tuviste tuvo tuvimos tuvisteis tuvieron
Imperfect tena tenas tena tenamos tenais tenan
Future tendr tendrs tendr tendremos tendris tendrn
Conditional tendra tendras tendra tendramos tendrais tendran
Venir (to come) venir viniendo venido Present Subjunctive venga vengas venga vengamos vengis vengas Imperative: ven (t); no vengas (t) vengas (usted)
Present Indicative vengo vienes viene venimos vens vienen
Preterite vine viniste vino vinimos vinisteis vinieron
Imperfect vena venas vena venamos venais venan
Future vendr vendrs vendr vendremos vendris vendrn
Conditional vendra vendras vendra vendramos vendrais vendran
Appendices
147
M.
Ver (to see) ver viendo visto Present Indicative veo ves ve vemos veis ven Present Subjunctive vea veas vea veamos veis vean Imperative: ve (t); no veas (t) vea (usted)
Preterite vi viste vio vimos visteis vieron
Imperfect vea veas vea veamos veais vean
Future ver vers ver veremos veris vern
Conditional vera veras vera veramos verais veran
yo t l, ella, usted nosotros, nosotras vosotros, vosotras ellos, ellas, ustedes V.
STEM-CHANGING VERBS
Stem-changing verbs follow the conjugation patterns but have a s light spelling change in t heir stems. changeCommon verbs in this category include pensar, pedir and volver. A. Pensar (to think): e>ie
The e in the stem of t hese verbs becomes i e in the present indicative and subjunctive except in the first and second person plurals (nosotros and vosotros). Notice that all of these verbs end in either ar or er. Present Indicative pienso piensas piensa pensamos pensis piensan Present Subjunctive piense pienses piense pensemos pensis piensen
Appendices
yo t l, ella, usted nosotros, nosotras vosotros,vosotras ellos, ellas, ustedes
Other verbs that follow this pattern: cerrar, comenzar, despertar, empezar, entender, perder, preferir*. *--Ir verbs that belong to this category , like preferir, will also carry a stem-change in the preterite forms of the third person singular and plural, changing their e into i: l prefiri; ellos prefirieron.
148
B.
Pedir (to ask for): e>i
These verbs, which all end in ir, change the e in their stem to ie in the present indicative and subjunctive as well as in the preterite. Notice that the changes occur in all of the subjunctive forms, only in the singular forms and third person plural in the present indicative tense and in the third person forms in the preterite. Present Indicative pido pides pide pedimos peds piden Present Subjunctive pida pidas pida pidamos pidis pidan Preterite ped pediste pidi pedimos pedisteis pidieron
Other verbs conjugated like pedir: repetir, seguir, servir, vestirse. C. Volver (to return): o or u>ue
These verbs change the o or u in their stems to ue in the present indicative and subjunctive in all the persons except in the first and second plural forms (nosotros, vosotros). Present Indicative vuelvo vuelves vuelve volvemos volvis vuelven Present Subjunctive vuelva vuelvas vuelva volvamos volvis vuelvan
Other verbs conjugated like volver: almorzar, acordarse, contar, costar, dormir*, encontrar, jugar**. *Dormir also has a stem-change in the preterite forms of the third person singular and plural: l du rmi, ellos du rmieron. **Jugar changes its u to ue
Appendices
149
VI.
SPELLING CHANGES
Some verbs, like those ending in car, --gar, and zar as well as the verb conocer,experience spelling changes to form the present subjunctive tense. buscar (to look for): c>qu busque busques busque busquemos busquis busquen conocer (to know): c>zc conozc a conozc as conozc a conozc amos conozc is conozc an empezar (to begin): z>c empiec e empiec es empiec e empecemos empecis empiec en pagar (to pay): g>gu pague pagues pague paguemos paguis paguen
All of these verbs, except conocer, present the same spelling change in the first person singular of the preterite form: yo busqu, yo empec, yo pa gu. The verb conocer changes its stem in the first person singular of the present indicative tense: yo conozc o.
Appendices
150
APPENDIX B: GRAMMAR GLOSSARY

TERM adjective DEFINITION A word used to describe a person or a thing . Adjectives agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify. A word that qualifies a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or a phrase. An adverb which describes spatial relationships. An adverb which describes relationships of time. A phrase that acts as an adverb. (See adverb and phrase). A positive statement. The opposite of negation. (see also "negation") A word that characterizes an item (person, thing, or idea) as definite or indefinite. (see also definite article and indefinite article) A word that characterizes an item with reference to the speaker (definite, indefinite, closer, further, interrogative, etc). An adjective that describes a noun and is not separated from the noun by the verb. A number used to count. (see ordinal number). EXAMPLES la casa azul the blue house el perro grande the big dog Ella corri rpidamente. She ran quickly. l es muy simptico. Hes very nice. a la d erecha right arriba above una vez once ahora now ya already Mir el libre con un vivo inters. He looked at the book with keen interest. Se compraron una nueva casa. They bought a new house. la casa un automvil the house a car
adverb
adverb of place adverb of time
adverbial phrase affirmation
article
article word
el, un, este the, a, this
Appendices
attributive adjective cardinal number
La casa azul est en llamas. The blue house is on fire. cinco, quince five, fifteen
151
clause
command
comparative
conditional
conjugation
A distinct part of a sentence which includes a subject and a predicate (with a verb). (see also "independent clause" and "subordinate clause") The form of the verb used to give a command or an order. (see also "imperative") A degree of comparison of adjectives and adverbs. The comparative implies a comparison of only two items (people, things, or ideas) or two groups of items. (see also "superlative") The conditional is used to express the result of a hypothetical condition or supposition. The system of verb forms that expresses person, number, tense, and mood.
Fui al mercado (clause) porque necesitaba leche (clause). I went to the market (clause), because I needed milk (clause).
Salga! Sal!
Go outside!
Este libro es ms interesante que la pelcula. This book is more interesting than the movie.
Si viera un fantasma, me desmayara. If I saw a ghost I would faint.
conjunction
contraction
A word that links together words, clauses, and even sentences. (see also "coordinating conjunction" and "subordinating conjunction") A form produced by the shortening of a syllable, word, or word group by leaving out a sound or letter.
Appendices
yo veo t vers l/ella vio usted vea nosotros veremos vosotros veais ellos/ellas haban visto ustedes vieron y and o or pero but
I see you will see he/she saw you were seeing we will see you were seeing they had seen you saw
Nosotros venimos del (de + el) hospital. We are coming from the hospital. l va al (a + el) cine. He is going to the movies.
152
Appendix B: Grammar Glossary
coordinating conjunction
definite article
demonstrative adjective
demonstrative pronoun
dependent clause dependent infinitive phrase
direct object
ending
exclamatory expression future
A conjunction that links independent clauses or sentences. (see also subordinating conjunction) A word used to indicate a specific item (person, thing, or idea), an idea that is modified in some fashion or an item that stands for all objects of its kind. An adjective or article word that indicates, shows, or points out the noun it modifies. A pronoun that replaces a noun or noun phrase that is indicated, shown, or pointed out. (see subordinate clause) A dependent phrase which uses the infinitive of a verb and to or in order to to express the purpose of an action. The person or thing directly acted upon by the verb. In Spanish, when the direct object is a person, it must be preceded by the preposition a. One or more letters or syllables added to a word base. A sudden utterance used to express emotion or catch attention. A verb tense which refers to events that take place after the present.
Yo cocin y mi hermana freg los platos. I cooked and my sister washed the dishes.
la casa the house
Esta casa. This house.
Eso no me gusta. I dont like that. Es ste el que l te dio? Is this the one he gave you?
Tuve que tomar un taxi para ir al aeropuerto. I had to take a taxi in order to reach the airport.
Jos limpi la cocina. Jos cleaned the kitchen. Llam a Margarita anoche. I called Margarita last night.
escuchado cantando Oye! Hey! Ir dentro de un mes. I will go in a month.
listened singing
Appendices
153
gender
A grammatical classing of nouns into masculine and feminine. A verb which is used to conjugate another verb. (see command) A verb tense primarily used to express progressive actions, repetitive actions, or to describe events in the past. A word that is used to indicate an item (person, thing, or idea) that is not specified in any particular way, or is not known to the listener. A clause that expresses a self-contained complete idea. A mood which states a fact or makes a declaration with reference to the writer or speaker. The person or thing indirectly affected by the verb. The basic form of a verb as given in a dictionary. A noun which is formed from the infinitive form of a verb. An infinitive noun means the act of whatever the verb signifies. A word used to ask a question. In Spanish, interrogative words have a written accent.
el libro (m.) la casa (f.)
the book the house
helping verb imperative mood imperfect
Ya habamos visto esa pelcula. We had already seen this film.
Coma carne todas las noches. I used to eat meat every night.
indefinite article
Tiene un automvil. He has a car. Una nia se cay de su bicicleta. A little girl fell from her bike.
independent clause indicative mood
Com un sandwich. I ate a sandwich. Hablo espaol. I speak Spanish
indirect object
Le di la flor a mi mam. I gave the flower to my mother. hablar to speak comer to eat Fumar es peligroso para la salud. Smoking is hazardous to your health.
infinitive infinitive noun
Appendices
interrogative
quin qu
who what
154
interrogative adjective
intonation irregular verb
An adjective used to ask a question. In Spanish, interrogative words have a written accent. The rhythm and voice pitch of spoken speech. A verb with a non-standard conjugation pattern. (see also "regular verb")
cul
which
linking element
main clause
mood
negation
noun
A sound or word used to start a sentence, allowing the speaker to focus attention on what is about to be said, and giv ing the speaker extra time to formulate his or her thoughts. The part of the sentence which expresses the main idea, and which can stand alone. (see also "subordinate clause") A form of the verb which distinguishes whether the action or state expressed by the verb is perceived as fact or not. (see also "subjunctive," "indicative," and "command") A denial; the opposite of affirmation. (see also "affirmation") A word used to name a person, place, thing, or idea.
ser yo soy t eres l/ella es usted es nosotros somos vosotros sois ellos/ellas son ustedes son Bueno. . . Entonces. . . Este. . .
to be I am you are he/she is you are we are you are they are you are Well. . . So. . . Hmm. . .
Com un sandwich porque tena hambre. I ate a sandwich because I was hungry.
Como verduras. -- indicative mood. I eat vegetables. Quiero que t comas verduras. -subjunctive mood. I want you to eat vegetables
Appendices
No compraron una nueva casa. They didnt buy a new house. la mujer esta casa un automvil la belleza the woman this house a car beauty
155
number
numerical adjective ordinal number
participle
A term used to distinguish between singular, which refers to one of something, and plural, which refers to more than one of something. A word which giv es estimated numbers rather than specific ones. A number used to place people or things in a serial order. (see also cardinal number) An adjective derived from a verb.
muchos algunos quinto noveno
many a few fifth ninth
particle
A minor part of speech such as an article or a demonstrative adjective. A form of the verb used when the subject of the sentence is acted upon, instead of doing the action. A verb tense which refers to events that take place before the present, with reference to the writer or speaker. A form of the verb used either as an adjective or to form compound tenses. A verb tense which denotes a time before a reference point in the past, with reference to the writer or speaker.
la ventana cerrada the closed window una vela encendida a lit candle un este
a this
passive voice
El reporte fue ledo por el Seor Ramrez. The report was read by Mr. Ramrez.
past
past participle
Appendices
past perfect
Vi esa pelcula ayer. I saw that movie yesterday. Estaba nevando. It was snowing. Ya haba puesto la mesa cuando llamaste. I had already set the table when you called. Lo ha dicho. He has said it. La puerta est cerrada. The door is closed. Ya haba puesto la mesa cuando llamaste. I had already set the table when you called.
156
person
Reference to the person speaking, the person being spoken to, or the person being spoken about.
first personyo, nosotros, nosotras firs t person -- I, we second persont, usted, vosotros, vosotras, ustedes second person -- you, sing. & pl., formal & informal third personl, ella, ellos, ellas third person -- he, she, it/they
personal sphere adverb phrase plural polite conditional possessive adjective
(see "adverb of place") A cluster of words without a conjugated verb. Refers to more than one of something. The use of the conditional to make a request. An adjective which indicates to whom or what something or someone pertains or belongs. A pronoun whic h indicates to whom or what something or someone pertains or belongs. The part of the sentence which tells you about the subject. It generally consists of a verb, objects, and anything which modifies the verb. A particle added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning. A word or words which express location, time, or direction. A verb tense used for activities which occur at the present time, in the near future, or which are habitual, with reference to the speaker or writer. (see simple past) Fui a la tienda. I went to the store.
Podra hablar ms despacio? Could you speak more slowly? mi libro my book su perro his dog
possessive pronouns
Tu casa es roja. La ma es blanca. Your house is red. Mine is white.
predicate
Pedro lav su ropa ayer. Pedro washed his clothes yesterday.
prefix
pre decir to predict
Appendices
preposition
present
en in para for a travs de through Como verduras todos los das. I eat vegetables every day.
preterit
157
pronoun
A word which replaces a noun or a noun phrase in naming a person or a thing. An interrogative sentence or clause which is normally used to gain information. In Spanish, questions are surrounded by interrogative signs (?). (see interrogative ) An object pronoun which refers to the subject.
question
Pedro est enfermo. Pedro is sick. l est enfermo. He is sick. Dnde est el bao? Where is the bathroom?
question word reflexive pronoun
reflexive verb regular verb
A verb used with a reflexive pronoun. A verb which follows standard rules for verb conjugation. (see also "irregular verb")
relative pronoun sentence structure simple past
A pronoun whic h relates or links a subordina te clause to a main clause. (see "word order") A verb tense used to express completed actions in the past. It is most commonly used in w riting. The simple past is the same as the preterite. Refers to one of something. The language that is appropriate to a particular subject, person, and occasion.
l se afeita. He shaves himself. Ella se levanta. She wakes up. Me levanto a las siete de la maana. I wake up at 7:00 AM. hablar talk yo hablo I talk t hablas you talk l/ella habla he/she/it talks usted habla you talk nosotros hablamos we talk vosotros hablis you talk ellos/ellas hablan they talk ustedes hablan you talk Conoc a la mujer que escribi esta novela. I met the woman who wrote this novel.
Appendices
Fui al cine anoche. I went to the movies yesterday.
singular social register
158
stem
subject
subject pronoun
subjunctive mood
subordinate clause subordinating conjunction
suffix
superlative
The basic form of a verb or a noun after all prefixes, suffixes, and endings are removed. A word or group of words within a sentence that perform the action denoted by the verb. A pronoun whic h functions as the subject of the sentence. Because most verb endings in Spanish tell who is doing the action, it is not necessary to use the subject pronoun in most cases. A mood which expresses uncertainty, possibility, a hypothesis, a condition, a hope, a wish, etc. A clause that depends on a main clause to be complete. A word used to link clauses, one of which depends for its full meaning on the main clause. (see also "coordinating conjunction") A particle added to the end of a word to change its meaning. The highest degree of some quality. The superlative implies a comparison of more than two items or groups of items.
camin- (ar) com- (er)
walk eat
El perro mordi al cartero. The dog bit the mailman.
(Ella) se compr un nuevo automvil. She bought a new car.
Quiero que comas verduras. I want you to eat vegetables.
Com un sandwich porque tena hambre. I ate a sandwich because I was hungry. que si a menos que porque that if unless because
rpidamente quickly l piensa que Nueva York es la mejor ciudad del mundo. He thinks New York is the best city in the world.
Appendices
159
tense
verb
word order
A form of a verb which expresses different times as perceived by the speaker. (see also "present," "imperfect," "perfect," and "future") A word that typically expresses action, state, or a relation between two things, and that may be conjugated for person, tense, and mood. The main element of the predicate. The sequence of words in a sentence.
Quiero mucho a mis hijos. I love my children. Mi hermano trabaja con computadoras. My brother works with computers.
Appendices
160
Indices
DIALOGUES INDEX
TRAVEL
Asking for Directions At the Airport Buying Presents Checking into a Hotel Exchanging Money at the Bank Going to Lunch Making Travel Reservations Planning a Trip Room Service Taking a Taxi
Page BUSINESS
11 18 17 9 7 16 14 Making an Appointment 12 Planning an Evening Out 10 8 Banking Finding an Office Going to Dinner Greetings and Introductions Making a Local Phone Call
Page EVERYDAY LIFE

27 23 22 24 21 At a Party At the Gas Station Finding an Apartment Going to a Pharmacy Going to the Beauty Salon Going to the Doctor Going to the Dry Cleaner 25 Going to the Market 28
Page
29 40 34 30 42 31 32 36
Making a Long Distance Phone Call 20
Talking About Buying Clothing 38 Talking About Family 41
Talking About Going Shopping 35 Talking to the Maid 37
Indices
161
GRAMMAR INDEX
A
A 44 A few, a lot 53 Addressing people 46 Adjectives 5055 Adverbial clauses 80 Adverbial phrase 73 After 80 Agreement of adjectives 50 Al 44 Aquel 51 Articles 44 As much/many ... as 53 As soon as 80
E
Each other 66 El 44 Ellas, ellos, es 45 Endings of nouns 43 Ese 51 Estar (to be) 59 Expressions 8385 of doubt 80 of emotion 79
F
Few 53 Formal commands 72 Forms of "you" 45 Future 73
C
Cien, ciento 90 Commands 7273 Cmo 54 Comparisons 53 Conditional tense 75 Conjugations 56 Conocer (to know) 62 Contractions 44 Cunto 55
G
Gender of nouns 43 Getting acquainted 3 Grammar Glossary Appendix B 151 Grande 50 Greetings 84 Greetings and farewells 1 Gustar 60, 61
Imperfect tense 6970 Imperfect vs. preterite 70 Impersonal expressions 78 Indefinite articles 44 Indefinite words 55 Indicative 56 Indirect object pronouns 46 Informal t commands 72 Insistir 81 Interrogative words 54 Introductions 3, 82 Ir 74 Irregular past participles 71 Irregular t commands 72 Irregular verbs in the conditional tense 75 in the future tense 74 in the present tense 73 in the preterite 67
L
Lo, uses of 48 Los, la, las 44
M
Making friends 5 Many 53 M 81 Months 87 Mucho 53 Muy 53
D
Dates 87 Days of week 86 Decir 79 Definite articles 43 Del 44 Demonstratives 51 Desear 79 Direct object pronouns 46 Dnde 55
H
Hace, uses of 65 Hacer (to do, make) 63 Hay (there is/are) 63 Holidays 88
N
Negative words 55 No 83 Nos, in reciprocal actions 66 Nosotros 45
Indices
I
Idiom, defined 64 Idiomatic expressions 82 Idioms 65
162
Grammar Index
Nouns 16, 4344 Numbers 8990
R
Reciprocal actions 66 Reflexive verbs and pronouns 65 Regular verbs 67, 72 Requests 83
V
Venir 57 Verb endings 45, 56, 57 Verb Review Appendix A 139 Verbs 5680 Verbs of willing 79 Vosotros 45
O
Object pronouns 47 Os, in reciprocal actions 66
P
Para 82 Passive constructions 48 Past participles 70 Past tense 67 Pedir 62, 79 Pensar 82 Placement of adjectives 50 Placement of object pronouns 47 Plural of nouns 43 Poco 53 Poder 57, 83 Polite requests 83 Por 82 Possession 51 Possessive adjectives 50 Preferir 57 Preguntar 62 Prepositions 8182 Present perfect tense 71 Present progressive 67 Present subjunctive 7677, 77 Present tense 57 Present tense indicative 56 Preterite 6768 Pronouns 4549
S
Saber (to know how) 62 Salir 57 Se, in reciprocal actions 66 Se, uses of 48 Seasons 87 Sequence of object pronouns 47 Ser, uses of 59 S 83 Spelling changes, preterite 68 Stem-changing verbs 73, 77 Subject pronouns 45, 92 Subjunctive 7879
W
Weather expressions 65 When 80 While, as long as 80
Y
Yo 45 You 45
T
Tener 57, 64 There is/are 63 This, that, these, those 51 Ti 81 Time 8688 To ask 62, 79 To be 59 To do, make 63 To insist 81 To know 62 To like 60 To tell 79 To think 82 To want 79 T 45
Q
Qu 55 Querer 57, 79, 83 Questions 83 Quin 55
Indices
U
Un, unos, una 44 Until 80 Usted [Ud.], ustedes [Uds.] 45 163

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LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH

How To Use Your Workbook

Story and Action Dialogues .................................................. 7

LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH

Grammar Topics ................................................................ 43

LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH

Indices ............................................................................. 161

Asking and Answering the Question How are you?

LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH

Asking for Help

Please, Thank you, and Other Important Expressions

Telling Someone How Long Youre Staying

LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH

Talking about How You Like the Country

Talking about Work

Talking about School

Talking about Leisure Activities

Te gustan los deportes? S, me gustan. No, no me gustan. Me gusta jugar al tenis.

Offering and Asking for Something to Drink

Finding Out Who Someone Is

Finding Out about Marital Status

LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH

Talking about Family

Asking about Age

Asking Someone for a Date

Story and Action Dialogues

Thomas Cajero Thomas

LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH

Checking into a Hotel

Recepcionista Karen Recepcionista Recepcionista Karen Recepcionista Karen

Thomas Recepcionista Thomas

LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH

Botones Mario Botones

Botones Thomas Botones

Asking for Directions

Johnny Seora Susy Seora

Thomas Seora Thomas Seora

LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH

LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH

Making Travel Reservations

Making Travel Reservations

LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH

LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH

LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH

Making a Long Distance Phone Call

Making a Local Phone Call

Secretaria Mario Secretaria Mario Secretaria

Mario Secretaria Mario Secretaria

Thomas Thomas Secretaria Thomas Secretaria

Of course. Anything else? Thats all, thanks. Good-bye.

LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH

Thomas Recepcionista Thomas Secretaria Thomas Secretaria

LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH

Greetings and Introductions

LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH

Thomas Thomas Thomas Cliente Cliente Cliente Thomas

Empleado Empleado Karen

LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH

Planning an Evening Out

Silvia Thomas Silvia Thomas Silvia Thomas

LEARN TO SPEAK SPANISH

Karen Farmacutico Farmacutico