ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE

INTRODUCTION TO GSM

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HISTORY

1979-80 Came the first Cellular M !ile s"stem su#h as

$M%S & $'(a)#e M !ile %h )e Ser(i#e* NMT & N r'i# M !ile Tele+h )" * T$CS & T tal $##ess C mmu)i#ati ) S"stem* These ,ere a)al - i) Nature a)' .) ,) as /irst Ge)erati ) S"stem

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HISTORY

Duri)- 1990 ma)" 'i-ital m !ile sta)'ar's ,ere i)tr 'u#e' i) 'iffere)t re-i )s0 # u)tries
D$M%S & Di-ital $'(a)#e M !ile %h )e Ser(i#e* GSM & Gl !al S"stem f r M !ile C mmu)i#ati )s* CDM$ & C 'e Di(isi ) Multi+le $##ess * These are .) ,) as 1)' Ge)erati ) S"stem

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HISTORY

/ r i)tr 'u#ti ) f 'ata tra)sfer #a+a!ilit" ) the M !ile 2a''iti )al Har',are ,as i)tr 'u#e' i) GSM s"stems2 .) ,) as G%RS & Ge)eral %a#.et Ra'i Ser(i#e * 3 These are !ei)- referre' as 134 G S"stem

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/UTUR5

N , a Gl !al Sta)'ar' IMT-1000 &I)ter)ati )al M !ile Tele# m31000* is +r + se' ,hi#h shall e)#a+sulate all the e6isti))et, r.s a)' 'iffere)t a##ess te#h) l -ies t +r (i'e a)" time a)' a)" ,here t"+e f # mmu)i#ati ) .) ,) as 7r' Ge)erati ) sta)'ar'3

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GSM

$s earl" as 19812 the C5%T & C )fe'erati ) f 5ur +ea) %8T * f rme' a Gr u+ #alle' Gl !al s"stem f r M !ile C mmu)i#ati )s &GSM* The !9e#ti(e ,as t 'e(el + a !uil'i)m !ile ra'i sta)'ar' f r 5ur +e GSM is a) 5ur +ea) 'i-ital m !ile tele+h )" Sta)'ar' s+e#ifie' !" the 5TSI a)' +r (i'es a # mm ) sta)'ar'3

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GSM

The GSM Sta)'ar' is the first i)ter)ati )al that -i(es su!s#ri!er full a##ess t the )et, r. f (ari us +erati)- # m+a)ies i) all +arti#i+ati)- # u)tries3

ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE

GSM O+erati )al Re:uireme)ts

BSNL

I)ter)ati )al R ami)Hi-h S+e#tral 5ffi#ie)#" Im+r (e' Tra)smissi ) ;ualit" as # m+are' t $)al - S"stems Hi-h <i). I)te-rit" %r (isi ) f Tele Ser(i#es 8 =earer Ser(i#es

ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE

GSM O+erati )al Re:uireme)ts

BSNL

5# ) m" i) ! th s+arsel" a)' hea(il" + +ulate' areas =etter use f a(aila!le fre:ue)#ies i) r'er t im+r (e the user #a+a#it" f M !ile C mmu)i#ati )s3 <ar-e sele#ti ) f i)terfa#es t ther ser(i#es su#h as %STN0ISDN2 %S%DN et#3

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S%5CI/IC$TIONS
Tru).e' Ra'i s"stem3 $##ess Meth ' - TDM$0/DM$ /re:ue)#" =a)'s M !ile t Cell - 890-914 Mh> Cell t M !ile - 974-9?0 Mh> Theref re the fre:ue)#ies f r the u+li). a)' the ' ,)li). are 'iffere)t & /re:ue)#" Di(isi ) Du+le6* a)' the !a)',i'th f the GSM S"stem is 14 Mh>33

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S%5CI/IC$TIONS
Cell To Mobile Down Link 935-960 Mhz 1805-1880 Mhz Mobile to Cell Up Link 890-915 Mhz 1710-1785 Mhz

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S%5CI/IC$TIONS

Cha))el =a)',i'th @ 100 Ah> Num!er f Cha))els @ 11B #ha))els +airs & 14 Mh>0100 Ah> * are a(aila!le s+a#e' at 100 Ah> i)ter(als Due t i)terfere)#e t ther s"stems2 the (er" first #arrier is ) t use'3

GSM - MU<TI%<5 $CC5SS GSM uses both FDMA & TDMA

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FDMA Access along Frequency a !s "o#al 124 $F %hannels a&a!la'le. (ne or )ore carr!er ass!gne* #o each 'ase s#a#!on A'solu#e $a*!o Freq %arr!er +u)'er ,A$F%+- 1 . 124 no# use*
un#!ll !# !s co-or*!na#e* /!#h +on -01M o2era#ors !n a*3acen# 4req. 'an*s .

5n )os# cases 124 $F %hannels are use* 1 2 3 4 5 6

124

66...
Freq
890.2 890.4 890.6 890.8 891.0 914.8

Mhz.

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S+e#ifi#ati )s

Theref re the a#tual fre:ue)#" f a) $R/CN is /ul&)*C 89030 Mh> D&031 Mh>*E) $)' /'l&)*C /ul&)* D B4 Mh> Fhere )C 1GC)GC11B

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/DM$0TDM$

5a#h #ha))el +air ser(es ei-ht & /ull Rate * r Si6tee) &half rate* #ha))els su##essi(el" i) a Time' C"#le3 I) /DM$ s"stem ea#h #ha))el re:uires a tra)smitter a)' re#ei(er 8 H i#e #ha))els2 sta--ere' i) Time are tra)smitte' (ia )e #arrier fre:ue)#" 5a#h f the 11B /DM$ li).e' #arrier fre:ue)#" is use' t tra)smit 8 TDM$ ( i#e #ha))els Dis# )ti)u us )ature f TDM$ ma.es the e)tire 100 Ah> !a)',i'th a(aila!le t all 8 H i#e #ha))els3

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GSM /DM$
890
0

BSNL

25 M7z
1 2

915

935
0

25 M7z
1 Base to Mobile

960
2

Mobile to Base
890.2 890.4 890.6
(MHz)

935.2

935.4

935.6

200 kHz

45MHz

200 kHz

%hannel layou# an* 4requency 'an*s o4 o2era#!on

ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE

GSM TDM$
'$(litu)e

BSNL

45 MHz
5 6 7 8 3 4 5 6 7 8

Frequenc

F1 "#ell %&)

F2

F1! F2! "#ell trans$it)

"y2!cal "DMA8 FDMA 4ra)e s#ruc#ure

/DM$0TDM$ S#heme TIM

E
BP2 BP1 BP8 BP7 BP6 BP5 BP4 BP3 BP2 BP1 89031 8903? 89130 8903 8903B 89038 89131 0

ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE

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B!RST

91438

FRE Q

MH

ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE

;7<15%A: %7A++9:1

BSNL

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

F$AM9 (F 8 "5M9 1:("1 F$AM9 $9;9"5"5(+

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

;7<15%A: %7A++9:1

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=URSTING

Theref re the m !ile tra)smits )l" i) )e time sl t a)' sta" i'le f r the remai)i)- se(e) time sl ts ,ith its tra)smitter ff3 This +eri 'i# s,it#hi)- &ON8O//* is #alle' B!RSTI"G # 216$6 H %1&4$615's(

ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE

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MODU<$TION M5THOD

M 'ulati ) Meth '

GMSA & Gaussia) Mi)imum Shift Ae"i)- *

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Du+le6 O+erati )s

/re:ue)#" Di(isi ) Du+le6 /re:ue)#" f r u+li). a)' ' ,)li). are 'iffere)t3 Time Di(isi ) Du+le6 The m !ile stati ) tra)smits 7 timesl ts latter tha) the =TS !ut the Time sl t )um!er sta"s same as if ! th are usi)- the same time sl t at the same time3

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Du+le6 O+erati )
0 1 1 7 B 4 ? 7 0 1 1 7
=TS Tra)smits

4 ? 7 0 1 1 7 B 4 ? 7 0
MS Tra)smits

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Timi)- $'(a)#e 8 % ,er C )tr l

BSNL

I) a #ell MS #a) !e at 'iffere)t 'ista)#es2 he)#e 'iffere)t 'ela" a)' 'iff3 $tte)uati )s Due t a! (e the # llisi )s f si-)als fr m m !iles assi-)e' t a'9a#e)t time sl ts M !iles farthest fr m the !ase stati ) are -i(e) a hea' start3

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Timi)- $'(a)#e 8 % ,er C )tr l

BSNL

T # m+e)sate f r the atte)uati ) (er 'iffere)t 'ista)#es ,ithi) the #ell2 the =TS # mma)'s the MS t use 'iffere)t + ,er le(els i) su#h a ,a" that the + ,er arri(i)- at the !ase stati ) re#ei(er is a++r 6 same f r ea#h time sl t3

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Timi)- $'(a)#e 8 % ,er C )tr l

= $ TS)
TS)*1

BSNL

=TS
A
< )- si-)al 'ela" Hi-h si-)al $tte)uati )

B
Sh rt Si-)al Dela" Small si-)al $tte)uati )

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< -i#al #ha))els

Traffi# Cha))el IUse' f r Tra)smissi ) f S+ee#h

/ull Rate Half Rate

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< -i#al #ha))els

C )tr l Cha))el I 5n#en*e* #o carry s!gnall!ng an* synchron!sa#!on 4or ne#/or= )anage)en# )essages an* channel )a!n#enance #as=.

=r a' Cast Cha))el =CH C mm ) C )tr l Cha))el CCCH De'i#ate' C )tr l Cha))el DCCH

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=r a'#ast Cha))el

T+,)s'-tte. b/ the BTS ,). ,+e -)te).e. to 0+o1-.e su22-3-e)t -)2o+',t-o) to the 'ob-4e st,t-o) 2o+ -t to s/)3h+o)- e 5-th the )et5o+6$

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=r a'#ast Cha))el
B+o,.3,st 7o)t+o4 7h,))e4 B77H I)f rms the m !ile stati ) a! ut s+e#ifi# +arameters it )ee' t i'e)tif" the )et, r. r t -ai) a##ess t the )et, r. & <$C2 MNC2 /re:3 Of )ei-h! ri)#ells et#3*

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=r a'#ast Cha))el

F+e8ue)3/ 3o++e3t-o) 7h,))e4 F77H I)f rms the m !ile stati ) a! ut the fre:ue)#" refere)#e f the s"stem3 This l -i#al #ha))el is ma++e' )t the fre:3 C rre#ti ) !urst3 It a++ears ) fre:ue)#" # rre#ti ) !urst a)' fre:3 C rr3 =urst # )tai)s )l" /CCH3

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=r a'#ast Cha))el

S/)3h+o)- ,t-o) 7h,))e4 S7H I)f rms the m !ile stati ) a! ut the .e" it )ee's t !e a!le t 'em 'ulate the i)f rmati ) # mi)- fr m the !ase stati )3It is ma++e' ) t s")#hr )i>ati ) !urst3

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C mm ) C )tr l Cha))el
The" su++ rt the esta!lishme)t f a 'e'i#ate' li). !et,ee) a m !ile a)' !ase stati ) 3

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C mm ) C )tr l Cha))el

Ra)' m $##ess Cha))el It is use' !" the MS t re:uest a 'e'i#ate' #ha))el fr m the )et, r.3 It is ma++e' i)t the ra)' m a##ess !urst a)' # )tai)s the first messa-e se)t t the =TS3

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C mm ) C )tr l Cha))el

%a-i)- Cha))el %CH =TS #alls i)'i(i'ual MSs ,ithi) its #ell ) this #ha))el3

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C mm ) C )tr l Cha))el

A33ess G+,)t 7h,))e4 AG7H MS -ets i)f rmati ) fr m the =TS ) ,hi#h 'e'i#ate' #ha))el it sh ul' use f r its imme'iate )ee's fr m the a##ess -ra)t #ha))el3 The i)f rmati ) a! ut the timi)a'(a)#e als # mes ) this #ha))el3

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De'i#ate' C )tr l Cha))el

The" are use' f r messa-e tra)sfer !et,ee) the )et, r. a)' the MS2 ) t the traffi#3 The messa-es are )ee'e' f r re-istrati )2 authe)ti#ati ) a)' #all set u+3 The" are als use' f r l , le(el si-)alli)- messa-es f r #ha))el mai)te)a)#e3

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De'i#ate' C )tr l Cha))el

St,).,4o)e De.-3,te. 7o)t+o4 7h,))e4 9 SD77H It is i)te)'e' f r the tra)sfer f si-)ali)- i)f rmati ) !et,ee) a m !ile a)' a =TS

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De'i#ate' C )tr l Cha))el

S4o5 Asso3-,te. 7o)t+o4 7h,))e4 9 SA77H It is use' i) ass #iati ) ,ith either traffi# #ha))el r SDCCH3 The +ur+ se is #ha))el mai)te)a)#e t mai)tai) a li). !et,ee) m !ile a)' =TS3 I) the ' ,)li). @ latest i)f rmati ) a! ut the s"stem & Timi)- a'(a)#e a)' + ,er # )tr l * a)' i) the u+li).@ measureme)t +erf rme' ) the )ei-h! ri)- #ells3

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De'i#ate' C )tr l Cha))el

F,st Asso3-,te. 7o)t+o4 7h,))e4 9 FA77H If 'uri)- a #all there is a )ee' f r s me hea(" 'ut" si-)alli)-2 the) /$CCH a++ears i) +la#e f the traffi# #ha))el3

(;9$A"5(+A: %(+%9;"1
1u'scr!'ers are no# alloca#e* *e*!ca#e* channels "%7 Alloca#e* #o users only /hen nee*e*
BSNL

ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE

7ence 5D:9 M(D9 . D9D5%A"9D M(D9 D9D5%A"9D M(D9 -- >hen a 4ull ?! -*!rec#!onal ; #o ; %7: has 'een alloca#e* *ur!ng an es#a'l!she* call ->hen M1 !s 2o/ere* on ,ac#!&e/!#hou# 'e!ng !n *e*!ca#e* )o*e

5D:9 M(D9

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(;9$A"5(+A: %(+%9;"1
-5D:9 M(D9 >hen M1 !s 2o/ere* on ,ac#!&e/!#hou# 'e!ng !n *e*!ca#e* )o*e
BSNL

M1 s#ays con#!nuously !n #ouch /!#h ?1 :!s#ens #o #rans)!ss!ons 4ro) ?1 #o !n#erce2# ;ag!ng Messages , 4or !nco)!ng calls- Mon!#ors $a*!o 9n&!ron)en# !n or*er #o e&alua#e %hl @ual!#y . choose #he )os# su!#a'le ?1 :!s#ens #o ?1 #o a&a!l shor# )essage 'roa*cas# ser&!ce

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Yuri Sherma)