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1 WELDING Welding may be described as a metal working process in which metals are joined by heating to the melting point and allowing the molten portions to fuse or flow together. Welding is basically a metallurgical process. The weld metal is a cast material; the solidification occurs in a metallic mould, the adjoining plates serving as the mould material and help to extract the heat. The rate of solidification is, however, extremely rapid compared to steel castings, for the amount of weld metal is very small compared to the amount of parent metal. 1.2 WELDABILITY The capacity of a metal to be welded under the fabrication conditions imposed into a specific, suitably designed structure and to perform satisfactorily in the intended service. 1.3 ARC A comparatively low voltage electrical discharge through a gas, between spaced electrodes. Basically there are three kinds of arc 1) Arc due to direct current 2) Arc due to alternating current 3) Arc due to pulse current Direct current is further divided into DCSP and DCRP. 1.4 DCSP In this case electrode is negative and base metal is positive.2/3 heat is produced at the base metal and 1/3 at the electrode. 1.5 DCRP In this case electrode is positive and work piece is negative. With two-thirds of the heat released at the electrode in DCRP, the electrode metal and the shielding gas are superheated. This superheating causes the molten metal in the electrode to travel across the arc at a very high rate of speed. Deep penetration results from the force of the high velocity arc. 1.6 ARC WELDING A group of welding processes which produce coalescence of metals by heating with Arc or Arcs, with or without the application of pressure and with or without the use of filler. 1.7 GOUGING & AIR CARBON ARC CUTTING An arc cutting process that melts base metal by the heat of a carbon arc and removes the molten metal by a blast of air. 1.8 ARC BLOW An electric current flowing through the electrode sets up magnetic field in a continuous series of circles in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the rod. Similarly magnetic lines are also formed around the work piece and ground cables. When the fields around the work piece or around the electrode are unbalanced, the arc bends away from