4 (Hydrostatics 2)

Hydrostatics (2)
Mohsen Soltanpour
Email: soltanpour@kntu.ac.ir
URL: http://sahand.kntu.ac.ir/~soltanpour/
www.Mohandesyar.com
)(Static incompressible submerged fluid

Patm

.

) (Patm :
Patm dA = Patm dA = Patm A
A

dA

.
h . :dA
dF = hdA
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:A
FR = dF = (h)dA = sin ydA
A
dA
x =Ayc
FR = sin yc A = hc A = Pc A
) Pc ( .
(y) FR x :
dF
FR y ' = (h)dA y
A
dMx
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hc Ay ' = y sin ydA

A
sin yc Ay ' = sin y 2 dA

A
sin yc Ay ' = sin I xx
I xx
= 'y
Ayc
Ixx x .
Ixx I+Ayc2 I
x :
I
Ayc
= yc +
Ayc2 + I
Ayc
= 'y
) (Center of pressure .
:
y ' > yc
>0
I
Ayc
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x y FR y
:
dF
)(x,y
FR x' = (y sin )dA x

A
dMx
( sin yc A) x' = sin xydA

A
I xy
Ayc
= 'x
yc Ax' = I xy
Ixy ) (Product of inertia x y.

I Ixy :
I
Ayc
= xc +
Axc yc + I
Ayc
= 'x
. I
x=xc .
I x=xc .
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Centroids and moments of inertia of plane surfaces
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(Pressure prism) :

.
P=h ) h (.
: dA
dF = hdA = dV
.
) ( :
h1
h
h1
h2
F = dV = V
V
F :
dA
1
xdV
VV
= xP
1
ydV
VV
= yP
h2
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.
) ( :
:
hab
= )F = Pc A = h (ab
2
2
I
y ' = yc +
Ayc
1 ba 3
a
a a 2a
= + 12
= = +
2 ab(a ) 2 6 3
2
'y
h
b
hab
= )F = V = 1 (h a b
2
2
2a
) 1/3 (
3
= 'y
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(Equivalent height) :
.
:
Patm
Patm
= he
h1
h1
) (h1 + he
h2
h1
h1
h1
Patm
h2
) (h2 + he
h2
h2
Patm
h2

.
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:
Patm
Patm
Patm
= he
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)(Hydrostatic force on curved submerged surfaces

:
dF = pdA
dA ) n
- ( :
dA = dAn
:
i
dF .i = pdA.i
dFx = pdAx
dAx dA yz .
) yz
x(:
Fx = pdAx
Ax
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. :
Fy = pdAy
Ay
.
)
- (.

) (P=Patm xz yz xy :
Fx = patm dAx = patm Ax

Ax
Fy = patm dAy = patm Ay

Ay
Fz = patm dAz = patm Az

Az
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dF = pdA

dF .k = pdA.k
dFz = pdAz
z0
z0
'z
'z
= ( dz )dAz = dzdAz
dzdAz

.
. dFz Fz
.
dAz ) (
) z ( .
:
Fz = pdAy
dAz z0-
z
Az
= ( z0 z ' )dAz = ( z0 z ' )dAz = dV = V

V
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Az
Az
) (dAz x z
:
xdV
V
=V
ydV
V
=V
xdV
V
ydV
V
xdV
V
Fz
ydV
V
Fz
x=
) Fz x = xdV (y
y=
) Fz y = ydV (z
V
.

.
.
. .
.
) ( .
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(Buoyant force) :

.

.
FB

.
:
-1 .
-2 .
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AUB ALB :
dAz ) PudAz
dAz ( .
PL .
PudAz PLdAz GH
.
) .(Archimedes principle
.
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A G
BG
BCD
]) FZ = W ( ABCDE ) [W ( ABG ) + W ( DEF
) = W (GBCDF
FD
(Center of buoyancy) :
. :
dFB = ( PL PU )dAZ
. :
dFB = [( D ( D h) ]dAZ = hdAZ

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FB = hdAZ = V
V ) ( .
y:
x' FB = xhdAZ = xdV
V
xdV
V
x:
x' = V
x' V = xdV
V
ydV
V
y' = V

. )
( .
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)
(:
)dF2 dF1 = Wa ( A) + Wb ( B
b B
a A
.
*.

.
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(Hydrometer) :
.

.
*.
) h = f ( f
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(Hydrometer) :

.
.
:
)(Unstable
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FB
FFBB
)
( *.

.

.
FB
FB
W
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W
y . B B
.
F
F . C .
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) FB ( FB C :
F
FB C
'B
FB
' FB = FB
' FB
) ( FB = FB ' = W
) (
sin
)(
= MB
C C
=
FB W

FB C = 0
MB
= sin
M G ) ( MB > GB
. MG
.
MG ) (Metacentric . M G
.
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MG C :
dV = ( x )dA
df = dV = xdA
2
x
dA = I yy
Af .s.
*
2
xdf
=
dA =
Af .s.

y
):(I
=C
Af .s.
)(free surface
I yy
W
):(II
C = I yy
I yy
= MB
=
sin W sin
C
=
W
) (:
BG l **:

MG > 0
MG = 0
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MG < 0
I yy
W
I yy
W
= MB
= MG = MB l
Hendijan (1385)
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Morro Bay, California (December 4,

2007)
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(Translation and Rotation of fluids) :

.
.
) ( .
z

) a (xz :
Pg=0
ax
az
df = P k = a
P P P
( i +
j+
) k ) k = (a x i + a z k
x
y
z
g
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P
=
ax
x
g
P
=0
y
a
P
) = (1 + z
g
z
P
P
P
dx +
dy +
dz
x
y
z
a
= a x dx (1 + z )dz
g
g
= dP
) P0 (:
az
) z + P0
g
a x x (1 +
P ( x, z ) =
az
) z + P0 = 0
g
a x x (1 +
a
ax
dz
g x
=
=
a
dx (1 + z ) g + a z
g

.
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g

) (
.
Pg=0
2r 2
2 2
1
2g
2g
h1
h1 z1
2
a = r i
) (:
z1
r1
df = P k = a
P P P
2
j+
k ) k = r i
( i +
y
z
r
j y ) ( .
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P
P
P
= dP
dr +
dy +
dz
r
y
z
2 rdr dz
) P0 :(o
P 2
= r
r g
P
=0
y
P
=
z
z + P0
2 r 2
2g
= ) P(r , z
h1 :
z + h1
2 r 2
2g
) z + h1
= ) P(r , z
2r 2
2g
0 = h1 + P0
P0 = h1
P=0
r =0
z = h1
(=
)*(r,z

*.
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+ h1
2r 2
2g
2 r 2 P0
=z
+
2 g
P0 = h1
=z
z + P0 = 0
2 r 2
2g
z=h1 .
. h0
:
r0
2
r
h0 = (2r ) zdr
0
z
0
)dr
r0
2r 2
2g
r0
= (2r )(h1 +
2 2
0
2g
r r
= 2 h1 +
8g 0
2

2 2 *: h
1
r0
1
r02
)
2
2g
r0
2 4
2 r04
4g
= h r +
2
1 0
www.Mohandesyar.com r0
h1
h0
h1
dr
h0
*.
2 4
0
1 2 r02
2 2g
2 2
0
4g
4g
h0 = h1 +
r02 h0 = h1r02 +
2r 2
2g
2r 2
2g
2 r02
4g
2 r0 2
r
] [0.5 ( ) 2
2g
r0
z = h1 +
= h0
= h0
r0 h0 .
.
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4 (Hydrostatics 2)

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4 (Hydrostatics 2)

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Copyright:

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Hydrostatics (2)

)(Static incompressible submerged fluid

hc Ay ' = y sin ydA

sin yc Ay ' = sin y 2 dA

sin yc Ay ' = sin I xx

FR x' = (y sin )dA x

( sin yc A) x' = sin xydA

Ixy ) (Product of inertia x y.

Centroids and moments of inertia of plane surfaces

)(Hydrostatic force on curved submerged surfaces

Fx = patm dAx = patm Ax

Fy = patm dAy = patm Ay

Fz = patm dAz = patm Az

= ( z0 z ' )dAz = ( z0 z ' )dAz = dV = V

]) FZ = W ( ABCDE ) [W ( ABG ) + W ( DEF

dFB = [( D ( D h) ]dAZ = hdAZ

Morro Bay, California (December 4,

(Translation and Rotation of fluids) :

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