tha;nkhop tof;fhWfSk; tuyhWk;

Kd;Diu
,Jtiuapyhd tuyhW vd;gJ Ms;Nthhpd; tuyhwhf xh; xw;iwr; nrhy;yhlyhfNt gjpT nra;ag;gl;L te;Js;sJ. ,jpy; ntFrd kf;fspd; ghh;itfs;> nkhopahly;fs;> mDgtq;fs;> Fuy;fs;> epidTf;Fwpg;Gfs;> mwpTNjly;fs;> tuyhWfs; ftdk; ngwhjJk; ghh;f;fg;glhjJkhfNt NghAs;sd. Mdhy; ,th;fspd; tho;tDgtKk;> mwpthh;e;j Ma;Tg; gjpTfSk; Fuy;fSk; mth;fspd; Mo;epidT ,Lf;FfSf;Fs; Nrfukhfpj; njhlh;e;J capNuhL tho;e;J tUfpd;wd. mit mth;fspd; tho;tpay; jsq;fspy; rlq;Ffs;> fijfs;> Guhzq;fs; vd;w nrhy; kuGfshf khw;WUf; nfhz;Ls;sd. ,itfs; midj;Jk; kf;fspd; tha;nkhop tof;fhWfs; topahf ,d;Wk; epiyngw;wpUf;fpd;wd. ,tw;wpypUe;Nj ekf;fhd tuyhw;iw ehk; kPl;nlLf;f KbAk; vd;gij ,f;fl;Liuapy; Muha;N;thk;.

r%f tuyhW vd;why;?

fle;j fhy kdpjdpd; tho;f;ifapy; ele;j epfo;Tfs; midj;jpd; njhFg;G vd;w tiuaiwia ehk; nghJthff; $wpdhYk; me;j tuyhW gy cl;$Wfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Fwpg;ghf r%f tuyhW vd;gJ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. kf;fs; njhifapaYk; cwTfSk; efh;g;Gwk; Fwpj;j Ma;Tfs; th;f;fq;fSk; r%ff; FOf;fSk; kdg;ghq;F Fwpj;j tuyhW my;yJ $l;L edtiuT my;yJ khdpltpaypd; Nehf;fpy; gz;ghL r%fq;fspd; khw;wk; Nghd;wtw;iw cs;slf;fpajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

,j;jifa tuyhWfs; midj;Jk; Ms;Nthh; rhh;ghd epiyg;ghl;il Kd;itg;gjhy; ehk; kf;fspd; tha;nkhop Fwpj;j Ma;T %ykhf khw;W tuyhw;iw cUthf;f KaYfpNwhk;.

tha;nkhop tof;fhWfSk; tuyhWk;

tof;fhWfs; vd;git 1. tha; nkhop tof;fhWfs;( ehl;lhh; ghly;fs;> fijg;ghly;fs;> gonkhopfs;> tpLfijfs;> tha;nkhopf;fijfs; ) 2. tha;nkhop rhuh tof;fhWfs; vd;W ,uz;L tifahfg; gphpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

tha;nkhop kuGfs;
tha;nkhop tof;fhWfis tha; nkhop kuGfs; vd;W N[d; thd;rpdh Fwpg;gpLth;. tha; nkhopahff; $wg;gLk; rhd;Wfis tha;nkhopr; rhd;Wfs; vd;fpwhh;. 1. fz;zhy; fz;lth; $w;W 2. tha;nkhop kuG 3. tje;jp vd %d;W tifahf gphpg;ghh;. 1. fz;zhy; fz;lth; $w;W

,J tha;nkhopahff; $wg;gl;lhYk; mij tha;nkhop kughf [hd; thd;rpdh Vw;Wf;nfhs;stjpy;iy. 2. tha;nkhop kuG tha;nkhop kugpd; ,ay;Gfs; Fwpj;J gpd;tUk; tiuaiwfs; jug;gLfpd;wd. 1. vOj;J tbtk; ngwhjit 2. fle;j fhyk; Fwpj;j nra;jpfis cs;slf;fpa tha;nkhopr; rhd;Wfisf; nfhz;lit. 3. tha;nkhopr; rhd;Wfs; Ngrg;glyhk; m ghlg;glyhk; 4. vOj;J tbtk; ngw;w mwpf;iffspy; ,Ue;J ,it NtWgLtJld; fle;j fhyj;ij Muhag; gad;gLk; nghUs;fsplkpUe;Jk; NtWgLk;. 5. xU epfo;r;rpia Nehpy; fz;lth; $w;W tha;nkhop kughfhJ. mijg; ghh;j;jpuhj xUth; mJ Fwpj;J nrtp topahf mwpe;j xd;iwf; $Wk; NghJjhd; mJ tha;nkhop kughFk;. 3. tje;jp : xU Fwpg;gpl;l rKjhaj;jpy; mikjpapd;ik kw;Wk; gjl;lepiy epyTk; NghJk; ,f;fl;lhd #o;epiyfspd; NghJk;> tof;fkhd jfty; rhjdq;fs; jilgLk; NghJk; mtw;wpd; ek;gfj;jd;ikapy; re;Njfk; Njhd;Wk; NghJk; tje;jpfs; cUthfpd;wd.

tha;nkhop tuyhW rpy tiuaiwfs;

fle;j fhyj;ijf; Fwpj;J epfo;fhy kf;fspd; epidtiyfNs tha;nkhop tuhw;wpd; mbg;gilj;l juTfs;. RNfht; Mtzq;fshf gjpag;glhj> tuyhw;W epfo;r;rpfspy; gq;F nfhz;lth;fspd; tha;nkhopr; rhd;Wfisg; gad;gLj;JtJ th.tu.RUf;nfOj;J> xypg;gjpT topahf tuyhw;W Mtzq;fshf khw;wg;gLfpwJ. vOj;J tbtj;ijf; nfhz;buhj kf;fspd; tuyhw;iw mwpa cjTfpwJ vd;W $Wfpd;whh;. ek; fhyj;jpa tha;nkhop tuyhW vd;w Gj;jf Mrphpahpd; fUj;Jg;gb xU ehl;bd; tuyhW vd;gJ ehlhSkd;wj;jpNyh Nghh;f;fsj;jpNyh ,y;iy. khwhf tpoh ehl;fspYk;> re;ij ehl;fspYk; kf;fs; jq;fSf;Fs; vd;d $wpf;nfhs;fpwhh;fNsh> vq;F ahj;jpiu Nghfpwhh;fs; vd;gjpy; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W $Wfpwhh;.

tha;nkhop tuyhw;wpd; Njhw;wk;

1948 Myk; ePptpd; - nfhyk;gpa gy;fiyf;fof Nguhrphpah; | tha;nkhop tuyhW | vd;w fiyr; nrhy;iy cUthf;fpdhh;. tpQ;Qhdj; njhopy;El;g tsh;r;rpapd; tpisthf kf;fs; mjpf mstpy; gazk; nra;tJk;> njhiyNgrpapy; NgRtJk; epfo;fpwJ. ,j gutyhd njhlh;G Kiwahf Mdjhy; ehl;Fwpg;G vOJtJk; fbjk; vOJtJk; kf;fspilNa Fiwe;J tpl;ld. ,t;tpuz;L Kf;fpakhd tuhw;W rhd;WfisAk; tuyhw;W Mrphpah;fs; ,oe;J tpl;ldh;. ,e;j ,og;ig rhpfl;Lk; tpjj;jpy; Mw;wy; tha;e;j Neh; fhz;Nghh; xypg;gjpTf;fUtpfspd; Jiz nfhz;L mwpthh;e;j kf;fspd; epidtiyfisr; Nrfhpf;fr; nra;ayhk; vd;W Myd; ePtpd; fUJfpwhh;. Jtf;fj;jpy; mnkhpf;f cah;Fb kf;fspd; tho;tpaiy Muha;tijNa jdJ Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;bUe;j ,th; xypf;fg;glhj kf;fspd; Fuiyg; gjpT nra;tNj tha;nkhop tuyhw;wpd; Kjd;ikahd Nehf;fk; vd;gjpy; cWjpg;ghL nfhz;L rhkhdpa kf;fspd; tho;tpaiyg; gjpT nra;Ak; gzpia Nkw;nfhz;lhh;.

tha;nkhop tuhw;wpd; gad;fs; 1. 2. 3. 4. tuyhw;W Mtzq;fs; Gwf;fzpj;j my;yJ mjpy; ,lk; ngwhj nra;jpfis mwpa cjTfpwJ. tuhw;W Mtzq;fspd; xU gf;fr; rhh;ghd nrajpfSf;F khw;whd nra;jpfis mwpa cjtp nra;fpd;wJ. xU Fwpg;gpl;l tuyhw;W epfo;r;rpfspd; kd czh;Tfis mwpa cjTfpd;wJ. tuyhw;W ehafh;fspd; nray;ghLfs; kw;Wk; Fzhk;rq;fs; njhlh;ghd vjph;kiwahd nra;jpfisAk; mwpa cjtp nra;fpd;wJ.

tha;nkhop tuyhw;W Kiwapay;

vOjg;gl;l tuyhW vd;gJ fy;ntl;L> nrg;NgL> ntspehl;lth; gazf;Fwpg;G> njhy;nghUs; Ma;Tr; rhd;Wfs;> ehzatpay; Mfpatw;iw rhh;e;J mikfpd;wJ. ,r;rhd;Wfs; thpirapy; tha;nkhop kuGk; ,izfpd;wJ. tha;nkhopahf toq;Fk; juTfisg; gad;gLj;jp tuyhW vOJk; Kiw kpfTk; goikahdJ. Fwpg;ghgfp.K 431 404 Kba ele;j Vnjd;]; - ];ghh;;l;lh Nghh; Fwpj;j nra;jpfshdJ tha;nkhopr; rhd;Wfisg; gad;gLj;jp vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ. 12 Mk; E}w;whz;ilr; rhh;e;j fy;fdd; vd;w tuyhw;whrphpah; Guhzq;fs; kw;Wk; kf;fspd; tha;nkhop kuGfisg; gad;gLj;jp uh[juq;fpzp vd;w E}iy vOjpAs;shh; ,th;fisj; njhlh;e;J 1970 fspy; mbj;jsj;jpypUe;J tuyhW vd;w fUj;jpay; Njhd;wpaJ. ,jdbg;gilapy; ,df;FOf;fs;> njhy;Fbfs;> Foe;ijfs;> KjpNahh;fs;> ny];gpad;fs; Nghd;Nwhhpd; tuyhw;iwj; NjLk; Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,jd;%yk; xU ehl;bd; fle;j fhyk; Fwpj;j mjpfhug;G+h;tkhd tuyhW Nfs;tpf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ,e;jpahtpy; uz[pj; Ffh mbj;jsj;jpypUe;J tuyhW vd;w jiyg;gpd; fPo; 12 njhFjpfshf fl;Liufs; ntsptu cjtpdhh;. tha;nkhop tuyhW top tuyhW khw;W tuyhw;iw cUthf;Fk; nghOJ mjw;fhd rhd;Wfshf tha;nkhop tof;fhWis vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;bAs;sJ. Rkpj;rh;f;fh;h ghly;fs;> eldq;fs;> gonkhopfs;> fijfs; Mfpdtw;wpd; %yk; Fbahdth;fspd; cs epiyiag; Ghpe;J nfhs;syhnkd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. rpyrlq;FfSk; khw;W tuyhw;wpw;F JizGhpAk;. ,q;fpyhe;jpy; tof;fj;jpy; cs;s kidtpia Vyk; tpLk; rlq;F vd;gJ tpthfuj;J ngWk; chpikia ntspg;gLj;Jtjhf mikfpd;wJ. fj;Njhypf;fj; Njthyaq;fspy; Foe;ijfis tpw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk; mjhtJ Foe;ijia Vyk; tpLk; rlq;F kf;fis mbikfshf Vyk; tpl;ljd; mbg;gilapy; cUthd rlq;fpay; epfo;thf ,d;Wk; ,J tof;fpy; cs;sJ. Mq;fpNyahpd; tuthy; tptrhap jdJ nghUSf;F tpiy eph;zak; nra;Ak; chpikia ,oe;jhd; vd;gij\ Cuhd; Cuhd; Njhl;lj;jpNy xUj;jd; Nghl;lhd; nts;shpf;fh fhRf;F ,uz;L tpw;fr; nrhy;yp fhfpjk; Nghl;lhd; nts;sf;fhud;. vd;w ghlypd; topNa mwpfpNwhk;.

rpWth;fs; tpisahl;by; ij jf;fh ij xU gf;fh nea; nts;sf;fhud; jiyapNy tpsf;Nfj;jp it vd;w ghly; mbj;js kf;fsplk; epytpa nts;isah; vjph;g;Gzh;itf; fhl;Lk; tpjkhf mike;jpUf;fpd;wJ. tpjit kWkzk; mbj;js kf;fsplk; Vw;fdNt tof;fpypUe;j xd;W. Nkl;bik rhjpapduhy; mWj;Jf; fl;Lk; rhjp vd;W ,th;fs; miof;fg;gl;lhh;fs;. jpUkzq;fs; me;je;j rhjpaj; jiyth;fshYk; FUf;fshYk; epfo;j;jg;gl;ld vd;gtw;wpw;fhd Mjhuj;ijAk; ehk; tha;nkhop tuyhw;wpd; topahf mwpa ,aYk;. ,Wjpahf ,Jtiu ek;ikg; gw;wp cUthf;fg;gl;L ehk; gbj;j> gbj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; tuyhWfs; Ms;Nthuhy; cUthf;fg;gl;lit vd;w njspit ehk; ngWk; NghJ kf;fspd; tha;nkhop kuG topahf cUthf;fg;gLk; tuyhNw rhkhdpah;fspd; cz;ikahd tuyhW vd;gij cs;thq;fpf;nfhs;Nthk;. ,e;j tuyhWfs; ek;ik mjph;r;rpailar; nra;ayhk;. Nfhgq;nfhs;sr; nra;ayhk;. tp;Ljiy Ntl;ifia ekf;Fs; cUthf;fyhk;. MfNt tha;nkhopj; juTfisr; Nrfhpf;Fk; gzpia ehk; ,d;Nw njhlq;FNthk;. ,jdbg;gilapy; ekJ CUf;fhd> r%fj;jpw;fhd> ,dj;jpw;fhd cz;ikahd tuyhw;iw kPl;LUthf;fk; nra;Nthk;. Jizepd;w E}y;fs; 1.rptRg;gpukzpad; M.2002> mbj;js kf;fs; tuyhW nrd;id : kf;fs; ntspaPL. 2. Tej Ram Sharma.2005, Historiography - A History of Historical Writing New Delhi : Concept Publishing Company.