skD

nrhy; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L 2007

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ngz;zpaj;jpd; kfj;Jtk;

,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L - 2007

ISSN 1391-958X

nfsut Mrphi p a vk;. Njtnfsup nkhop ngaHg;G epuQ;[yh mUs;ee;jp nghd;idah rhe;jFkhu; ruit ghHj;jtH Ffepjp FfNerd; ml;il kw;Wk; gf;fq;fs; tbtikg;G NtyhAjk; n[arpju ;h

rQ;rpif ntspaL P ngz;fs; njhlHG Clfq;fSf;fhd $l;likg;G 174> my;tp]; xOq;if> fhry; tPjp> nfhOk;G 8> ,yq;if njhiyNgrp : 94-11-5632045 / 5635900 njhiyefy; : 94-11-2690192 kpd;jghy; : womedia@sltnet.lk my;yJ options@sltnet.lk

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k; K iw ' nrhy; ' nrhy; y tUtJ ,sk; gUtj;jpdUf;fhd tho;jYk; gpur;rpidfSk; mij vjph;nfhs;s xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l ve;j Vw;ghLk; ,y;yhj r%fj;jpy; tho;jy; gw;wp... NghUk; neUf;FjYk; #o;eJ ; s;s fhyfl;lj;jpy; ehk; gy rfhg; j q; f shf tho; e ; J nfhz; b Uf; f pNwhk; . ,e; j mOj;jq;fis gpuNahfpg;gth;fSlDk; mOj;jj;jpw;F cs;shFgth;fSlDk; kpf ,yFthf ifNfhh;j;Jf; nfhs; s f; $bath; f shf gUt tajpdh; fhzg; gLfpd;wdh;. gUt tajpdhpd; cly; cs khw;wq;fs; mth;fis ve;j tplaj;jpYk; tPhpakhfr; nraw;gl itf;fpd;wJ. jd;id Kd;dpiyg;gLj;j Kay;fpwJ. ,e;j ,ay;ig xOq;fikf;Fk; fhuzpfs; ngz;fs; tplaj; j py; fl; L g; g hLfis tpjpf; f pd; w msTf; F mth;fis MSikAs;sth;fshf;Ftjpy;iy. r%fj;jpy; gUt tajpd; fhyfl;lk;jhd; vjph;fhy r%f tsj;ij jPh;khdpf;fpwJ. mjpYk; ,e;jg; gUt tajpy; ngz; gps;isfis topg;gLj;Jk; Kiw my;yJ mth; f Sf; f hd thOk; newpKiwfis tFg; g J r%fKk; FLk;gKk; jhd;. mjpy; mjpfsT nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;JtJ fyhrhu fhuzpfs;. ,jdhy; gUt taJg; ngz;fis topg;gLj;Jk; NghJ gy;NtW topfspYk; mtu;fisAk; mlq;fpg; NghjYf;Fk; my;yJ xLq;fpg; NghjYf;FNk top NfhYfpwJ. ,J MNuhf;fpakhd xU r%fg; gpuiIia cUthf;fhJ. r%fKk; FLk;gKk; gUt taJg; ngz;fis fz;bg;Gld; topg;gLj;jNt Kay; f pd; w d. gUt tajpy; Vw; g Lk; cly; cs khw;wq;fis Gupe;J nfhz;L mjDhlhf cyifAk; tho;T gw;wpAk; gUt taJg; ngz;fSf;F Gupa itf;fj; jtwp tpLfpd;wdh;. ,jdhy; r%fj;jpy; ngz;fs; tsk;" ,dg; ngUfj;Jld; kl;Lk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. mJTk; me;j tsk; mth;fSf;F> mth;fsJ MSiff;F cl; g lhJ NtW xUtUf; F cl; g l; l jhfNt mikfpd;wJ. ,e;j epiyikfis ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L gUt tajpdupd; Fwpg;ghf ngz;fspd; epiyikfis Gupe;J nfhz;L mth;fis MNuhf;fpakhd tsq;fshf khw;w KbAk;. mjw;fhd Vw;ghLfis r%f FLk;g kl;lq;fspy; Vw;gLj;j KidNthk;. mjw;fhf ehk; FOf;fshf Vd; jdp egh;fshff;$l vq;fs; rpe;jidfis Kd;itf;fyhk;. mjw;fhd Kjw;gbia ehk; nrhy;" %yk; vLj;Jr; nrhy;fpNwhk;.

ehk; nrhy;y tpUk;GtJ.....

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nrhy; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L 2007

skD

nrhy;
tpLf;Fk; miw$ty;!
yq;ifapd; gpujhd efukhd nfhOk;G kw;Wk; mij mz;kpj;j gFjpfspy; trpf;Fk; kf;fs; vd;Wkpy;yhj mstpy; rthy;fis re;jpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,j;jUzj;jpy; nrhy; cq;fis ehb tUfpwJ. vy;.hp.hp.< mikg;G fl;Lehaf;f thd;gilj; jiyikafk; > nfhyd; d hit vz; n zaf; ; fsQ; r parhiy Nghd; w rpy ,lq; f s; kP J Nkw;nfhz;l tpkhdj; jhf;Fjy;fis rkhspf;Fk; tifapy; mike; j murpd; gjpy; ,uhZtj; jhf;Fjy;fs; ,jd; gpd;dzpapy; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpwd. vdNt ehq;fs; Nghh; je;jpNuhghaq;fs; gw; w pNah mikjpia epiyehl; L tJ gw; w pNah fijg;gij jtph;j;J> Vw;gl;Ls;s ghjpg;G gw;wp mtjhdpg; g J nghUj; j khdJ. fle; j Vg; u y; ,Ugj;jpnal;lhk; jpfjp cyff;fpz;z fphpf;nfl; Rw;Wg; Nghl;bapd; ,Wjpg; Nghl;biag; ghh;j;Jf; nfhz; b Ue; j th; f Sf; F k; tP L fspy; cwq; f pf; nfhz;bUe;jth;fSf;Fk; thdpypUe;J nghope;j Fz;Lr; rj;jq;fis Nfl;f Kbe;jJ. ,jdhy; xU rpyh; fhakile; j NjhL mNefkhd tP L fSk; Nrjkhf;fg;gl;ld. njhLf;fg;gl;l jhf;Fjy;fs; mjw;fhd gjpy; jhf;Fjy;fs; nfhOk;G kw;Wk; mij mz;kpj;j gFjpfspy; trpf;Fk; ehl;L kf;fSf;F Aj;jj;jpd; nfh^uk; gw;wpa Kd;ndr;rhpf;ifiaAk; mDgtj;ijAk; ntFthf czh;j;jpAs;sJ. gy tUlq;fshf aho;g;ghzk;> kl;lf;fsg;G tho; kf;fspd; jpdrhp tho;tpy; rhjhuz epfo;Tfshf khwpAs;s Fz;Lr; rj;jq;fs; njhlh;rr ; pahf Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ntbr;rj;jq;fs;> kuzgak; vd;gd njw; F tho; rpq; f s kf; f isAk; xUfzk; ghjpj;Js;sJ. ,uz;lhk; cyf kfhAj;jj;jpd;NghJ ag;ghdpa ,uhZtj;jpd; thd; jhf;Fjy;fs; kw;Wk; mij vjph;nfhs;s Nkw;nfhz;bUe;j jpl;lq;fs; gw;wpa epidTfis ,f;fhy re;jjpapdUld; gfph;e;Jnfhs;s tha;gG ; toq;fpaJ NghYk;.

vjph; f hyk; fz; K d; N d epw; f pwJ. FWfpa fhyj;jpy; gpd; njhlUk; thd; jhf;Fjy;fspypUe;J ghJfhg; G g; n gw jahuhf ,Uf; f Ntz; b a mNjrkak; eP z ; l fhyj; j pw; F tpkhdj; jhf;Fjy;fNsh Ntnwe;j jhf;Fjy;fNsh njhLf;fg;glhjthW epiyj;J ,Uf;ff;$ba rkhjhdj;ij ehL KOtjpYk; Vw; g Lj; j Ntz; L k; . njd; d pyq; i fapy; jw; N ghJ epyTk; rpf; f yhd murpaiyg; ghh;fF ; kplj;J ,uz;lhtJ Nehf;fj;ij miljy; kpfTk; rpukk; k pf; f tplankd; g J njl;lj;njspthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nghh; Kiwf;Fk; Nghpdthjj;jpw;Fk; nry;thf;F mjpfkhfTs;s ,t; N tisapy; rpWghd; i k kf; f Sf; F rkj; J tj; i jAk; rk chpikiaAk; toq; f hJ [dehaf murhl;rp Kiwnahd;iw ,yq;ifapy; epWt KbAnkd ek;Gk; xUrpyh; vy;. hp. hp. < mikg;ig Nghh; topapy; Njhy;tpailar; nra;jNy ,dg;gpur;rpidf;fhd jPhT ; vd;gij NkilfspYk; tPjp Ch;ty Mh;gg ; hl;lq;fspYk; cuj;j Fuypy; $wp tUfpd;wdh;;. ,d> kj hPjpapy; midtUk; rkkhf tho;tjw;Fs;s chpikia cWjp nra;fpd;w> murpay; mjpfhuj; i jg; gd; K fg; g Lj; J fpd; w ahg; G j; jpUj;jj;jpw;F topaikj;J vkJ jha; kz;zpy; epiyj;J epw;ff;$ba rkhjhdj;ij cUthf;fg; ghLgLk; murpay; t hjpfs; ,y; i ynad; N w $wyhk;. gak; > grp ,d; w p ,Ug; g jw; f hfTk; chpikf; f hfTk; Fuy; nfhLf; F k; rptpy; mikg;Gfspd; mikjp mr;rkila itf;fpwJ. rpy khjq; f Sf; F Kd; d h; njhlh; r ; r pahd kf; f s; Mh;g;ghl;lq;fspd; %yk; kd;dhpd; mjpfhuj;ij jfh;j;njwpe;J gy Mz;Lfisf; fle;Jte;j rptpy; Aj;jj;jpw;F Kw;Wg; Gs;spapl;L rkhjhdj;jpw;F topaikj;j vkJ may; ehlhd Neghsj;jpy; nghJ kf;fspd; nraw;ghl;il rPh;J}f;fpg; ghh;g;gjw;fhd fhyk; te;Jtpl;lJ.

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skD ,t;thwhd nghJ murpay; Nehf;fq;fSld; ngz;fs; ,irTw Ntz;bajd; mtrpak; ahJ? %d; W jrhg; j q; f isf; fle; j ,f; n fhba Aj;jj;jpdhy; ehk; fw;wJjhd; vd;d? gy;yhapuf; fzf; f hd ,lg; n gah; T fs; kw; W k; tP L thry; tho;thjhuk; Nghd;wtw;wpd; ,og;G> fzth;fspdJk;> gps;isfspdJk; mfhy kuzq;fs; Mfpatw;iw midj;J ,d kjq;fis gpujpepjpj; J tk; nra; A k; ,e; e hl; L ngz; f s; mDgtpj;Js;sdu;> mDgtpf;fpd;wdu; vd;gij ehk; ed;F mwpNthk;. mt;thwhapd; rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; nfsutkhf rftho;it mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l rKjhankhd;iwAk; tlf;F fpof;fpy; trpf;Fk; rpWghd;ik ,d kf;fspd; r%f gq;Nfw;gpw;Fs;s chpikiag; NgZk; tifapyhd rkhjhdj;ij ,yq;ifapy; kyur;nra;Ak; murpay; khw;wj;jpw;fhf ehk; mzp jpus Ntz;Lk; my;yth? ,jw;fhd ghijiaAk;> vk; N khL ,ize; J gazpg; g th; f isAk; fz;Lgpbf;Fk; rthiy ehk; vjph;nfhz;Ls;Nshk;. xUkpj;j ngz;fshfTk; ehl;bd; gpui[fs; vd;w tifapYk; ehk; cah;e;J nry;Yk; nghUl;fspd; tpiy cah; T kw; W k; tho; f ; i fr; nryitAk; vjph;nfhs;s Ntz;bAs;sJ. Foe; i jfs; cztpd; w p mtjpAWk; NghJk; ehshe; j j; Njitfis epiwNtw; w pf; nfhs; s KbahJ tP L fspy; Vw; g Lk; gpur; r pidfs; fhuzkhfTk; mjpfk; ghjpf;fg;gLtJ ngz;fs; vd;gJ fz;$L. vdpDk; caphpay; tpQ;Qhdk; my;yJ r%fj;jpy; Nt&d;wpAs;s tplaq;fshy; cUthf; f g; g l; b Uf; F k; ebgq; F fshy; ngz;zhdts; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;glf; $lhnjd;gij ehk; typAWj;JfpNwhk;. gpui[fshf tho;f;ifr; nryT mjpfhpf;fg;gLtij vjph;jJ ; epw;Nghk;. ,ij mgptpUj; j p Nkk; g hL vd; w Nghh; i tapy; mjpfhuj; i jf; ifg; g w; w pa muR mspj; j thf;FWjpfis kPWtjw;Fk; kf;fs; Nritf;Fhpa flg;ghl;il kPWtjw;Fnkjpuhd vjph;gG ; vdyhk;. ,tw;iw rkhspj;J ehk; vt;thW Kd;Nehf;fpr; nry;y KbAk;? murhq;fj;jpdJk; midj;Jyf r%fj; j pdJk; cjtpfs; vt; t hW fpilf; F k; ? mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; tsh;r;rpia Nehf;fp efh;tjw;F vk; k hy; ifahsf; $ ba cj; j pfs; Kiwfs; vd; n dd; d vd; g ij rhpahfj; njhpjYk; xU rthyhf khwpAs;sJ. NkNyhq; f ptUk; mw; g Njrpathj elg; G f; F kj; j papy; ehk; rh; t Njr r%fj; j pypUe; J md;dpag;glhJ jq;fpapUg;gJ vt;thW? mjpfhpj;JtUk; gLnfhiyfs;> flj;jy;fs; ghuJ}ukhd kdpj chpik kPwy;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F kj;jpapy; 6 6 ehq;fs; kdpj chpik ,af;fq;fspd; Jizia ehbaJ ,d;W New;wy;y. [dhjpgjp kfpe;j uh[gf;\ mth;fs; njw;fpy; ,lk;ngWk; fhzhky; Nghjy;fs; njhlh; g hf If; f pa ehLfspd; kdpj chpik Mizf;FOtpd; cjtpia ehbaJk; mjd; %yk; mth; rh;tNjr kl;lj;jpy; kpspuj; njhlq;fpaJk; ahtUk; mwpe; j tplak; . ehq; f s; ehl; i l Kd; N dw; W tjw; F j; Njitahd flDjtpfis rh;tNjr r%fj;jplk; Nfl;gJ khj;jpukpd;wp vkJ ciog;igAk; cw;gj;jpiaAk; tpw;gjw;F rh;tNjr re;ijiaNa ehLfpNwhk;. vdpDk; kdpj chpikfs; gw; w pNah Clfr; Rje; j puk; gw; w pNah rh; t Njr r%fj; N jhL fUj; J fisg; ghpkhwpf; n fhs; t J Kiwaw;wnjd gy;NtW fLk;Nghf;Fj; jug;gpdh; $wptUfpd;wdh;. ,e;j ,ul;ilf; nfhs;iffs; fhuzkhf ehSf; F ehs; ghjhsj; j pw; F s; js;sg;gLgth;fs; ,e;ehl;bd; kf;fNs. ghhpa mstpy; cUntLj;Js;s murpay;> r%f kw; W k; r%f neUf; f bfSf; F kj; j papy; mlf;FKiwf;Fk; Nkhrbf;Fk; vjpuhf ehk; vt;thW mzpjpus KbAk; ? epiyj; J epw; f f; $ ba rkhjhdj;ij miltJ vt;thW? kf;fspilNa rfthrj;jpd; ngWkjpia epiyehl;LtJ vt;thW? Mfpa Nfs;tpfNshL jtpj;Jf;nfhz;bUg;gjh? ,d; N wy; rkhjhdj; N jhLk; re; N jhrj; N jhLk; tho;tjw;Fs;s chpikia ntw;wpailar; nra;a mzp jpuStjh? ,JNt vkf;Fs;s rthy;. Rdpyh mNgNrfu

ngz;fs; jpdkhd khh;r; 8k; jpfjp nfhOk;G Gifapuj epiyaj;jpw;F Kd;dhy; kfsph; mikg;Gfs; xd;wpize;J elj;jpa ftdaPhg ; G ; g; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; NghJ vLf;fg;gl;l glk;.

nrhy; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L 2007

skD

tho;tpy; Gjpa Nfs;tpfisAk;> mtw;wpw;fhd tpil NjlYk;> mjd; mbg;gilapy; thoj;Jbg;gJk;> rKjhaj;jpid khw;wj;Jbg;gJk; Neuhd (Positive) jhf;fq;fs; vdf; nfhs;syhk;. Mdhy;...

tpliyAk; fhyg; gpujpgypgG ; k;

tpliyg; g Ut tpQ; Q hd Muha; r papd; je;ij vd [P. ];uhd;yp N`hy; (G. Stanley Hall: 1844 - 1924) fUjg;gLfpwhu;. 1904k; Mz;L mtu; ntspapl;l tpliyfs; (Adolescent) vDk; ,uz; L ghfKs; s E}yhdJ gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;wJ. efu kakhf;fy; tho;thdJ ,d;iwa tpliyfspd; tho;tpy; gy tifahd rpf; f y; f iyj; Njhw; W tpj; J mtw;wpw;fhd vjpu;kiwahd rpe;jidfisAk; r%ff; Nfhl; g hLfs; gw; w pa Gjpa Nfs;tpfisAk; cUthf;f ,lkspf;fpwJ. mJ ghuk; g upajpjpd; ( tradition ) ,Ug; i g mtu; f splk; Nfs; t pf; F upajhf; f p mij cilg;gjw;F topNfhYfpd;wJ (Adolescent, Volime I, x i ) ,J N`hypd; md; i wa rpe; j idahapDk; > mjid ,d; W tiu gpuNahfpf;f $bajhf cs;sijf; fhzyhk;.

liynad;gJ ,d;iwa cyfpy; gythwhd gpujpgypg; G fis ekf;F nfhLf;fpwJ. xU fhyk;> xU FO> xU r%fk;> jdpegu; vd gythW gpujpgypg;gpd; gupzhkq;fis NtWgLj;jyhk;. gpujpgypg;ghdJ kdpj Fyj;Jf;F kl;Lky;y Vida jhtu> tpyq;FfSf;Fk; cupajhFk;. Mdhy; tpliyfs; vd; W Fwpg; g hf ehk; nfhs;Skplj;Nj gpujpgypg;ig xU FWfpa tl; l j; j pDs; nfhz; L tu KbAk; . ,f; fl;Liu vt;thW tpliyfspd; gpujpgypg;ghdJ xU fhyj;jpw;F xU FOTf;F (group) jdpegUf;F (individual) xU nra;iff;F (act) Vw; g khWgl; L ,Uf; f pd; w J vd; g ij Muha;fpd;wJ.

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tpliyAk; fhyg; g pujpgypg; G k;

,d; i wa fhykhdJ ek; midtuJ tho;tpYk; gytifahd Neu;> vjpu;kiwahd tplaq; f is tpUk; g pNah tpUk; g hkNyh

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skD

GFj; J fpd; w J. ,yq; i fapy; kl; L ky; y midj;Jyf ehLfspYk; ,Jjhd; ajhu;j;jk;. ehk; ,d; W gytifahd tplaq; f is fz; L gpbg; G vd; w ngaupy; vjpu; n fhs; f pd;Nwhk;. njhiyf;fhl;rp> nraw;iff;Nfhs; Kjw; n fhz; L nfhiyahAjk; > Aj; j k; tiuapYk; ekJ fz;Lgpbg;gpd; gupzhkq; f is fz; Z }lhfg; ghu; g ; g jpYk; nraw;gLj;JtjpYk; Kidfpd;Nwhk;. ,t; t ifahd Gjpa fz; L gpbg; G fSk; mtw; w pw; f hd Gjpa Af; j pAk; > je; j pNuhghaq; f Sk; ,d; i wa tpliyfspd; Neu; > vjpu;j;jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;JtJ fz; $L. mtu; f s; tho; t py; Gjpa Nfs; t pfisAk; > mtw; w pw; f hd tpil NjlYk; > mjd; mbg; g ilapy; thoj; J bg; g Jk; > rKjhaj;jpid khw;wj;Jbg;gJk; Neuhd (Positive) jhf; f q; f s; vdf; nfhs; s yhk; . Mdhy; kiwKfkhd jhf; f q; f spy; mtu; f s; xU khiaahd tho; t pDs; rpf; f pf; nfhz; L > mjd; %yk; mtu; f sJ vjpu; f hyj; i j rPuopg;gijAk; ehk; fhzf; $bajhf cs;sJ. vLj;Jf; fhl;lhf tpliyfspd; tho;tpy; ghypay; cUkhw; w k; > ghypay; rpe; j id> ghypay; eltbf; i f vd; g d mLj; j Lj; J eilngWfpd;wJ. Gnuhl;bd; libidinal stage ; [Ak; genital stage [Ak; vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; ,e; j khw; w q; f s; ,d; i wa fhyfl; l j; j py; kpfkpf tpj; j pahrkhf fhzg; g Lfpd; w J. mjhtJ ,tw;wpy; ,d;iwa fhyj;jpd; jhf;fk; kpfTk; tf;fpukhdjhfTk;> MokhdjhfTk; fhzg; g Lfpd; w d. ,d; i wa tpQ; Q hd tsu; r ; r p tpliyfSf; F mjpfsT tplaq; f isf; nfhLg; g Jk; Kf; f pakhd fhuzpahFk;. ,d;W mNefkhd khztu;fs; kpfr;rpW tajpNyNa (mjpfstpyhf Mz;fs;) eP y g; g lk; kw; W k; kQ; r s; gj; j pupif Nghd; w tw; i w ghu; j ; J k; thrpj; J k; tUfpd; w du; . ngz; f Sf; N fh ,d; i wa ehlfq; f Sk; glq; f Sk; ,t; t ifahd tplaq;fis ,yFtpy; GFj;jp tpLfpd;wd. Mjyhy; mtu; f sJ ghypay; khw; w q; f s; kpfTk; mjpfkhd Moj;Jld;> gpw rpe;jidfs; mw;wnjhU epfo;thf eilngw;WtpLfpd;wJ. ,th;fsJ cly; cs khw;wq;fis mth;fNs Ghpe; J nfhs; S k; tifapy; ve; j tpj
8 8

Vw;g ; hLfSk; vk; r%fj;jpy; ,y;iy. fy;tpapy; ,J fhzg; g ltpy; i y. nghpNahh; f s; jP z ; l j; j fhjjhf mij jLf; f kl; L Nk Kidfpwhh; f s; . ,jdhy; tpliyg; gUtj; j pdh; mij gy topfspy; mwpa Kw;gLk; NghJ mth;fs; iff;F fpilg;gJ eP y g; g lq; f Sk; kQ; r s; gj; j phpiffSNk ,it mth;fSf;F ,ay;ghf ,Uf;ff;$ba czh;it tf;fpukhf;fp tpLfpd;wd.

tpliyAk; FOTk;
FO ( group ) vd; g J gy jdpegu; f spd; xUq; f pide; j > xj; j rpe; j idAila $l; l khFk; ( association). tpliyfspd; FOthdJ mtu; f sJ taij xj; j jhfNt cUthfpd; w J. vdNt mt; t aij xj; j tpliyfs; jq;fspd; rpe;jidg; gfpu;Tfis gytifahf cUthf;Ffpd;wdu;: Fwpg;gpl;l tpliyf; FOf; f is vLj; J f; nfhz; l hy; (Mz; / ngz; ) mtu; f spy; vj; j id Ngu; gbg; i ggw; w pNah my; y J rKjha Kd; N dw; w k; gw; w pNah NgRfpd; w du; ? kpf mjpfsT ntl;bg; Ngr;Rk; kpff; Fiwe;jsT jdpegu; / rKjha Kd; N dw; w k; gw; w pANk NgRtij ehk; $u; e ; J mtjhdpj; j hy; mwpayhk; . rpy tUlq; f Sf; F Kd; d u; kl; l f; f sg; g py; ,uz; L FO khztu; f s; njd; d pe; j pa jkpo; j ; jpiug; g lq; f spd; jhf;fj;jpdhy; kpfkpf Nftykhd Kiwapy; ele; J nfhz; l J xU kpfr; rpwe; j cjhuzkhFk;. ,Nj Nghy; jiyefupy; gy FO khztu;fs; vt;thW jkJ Neuj;jpid ,izar; r e; j pg; G fspy; ( internet joints ) tPzhd tplaq;fSf;fhfr; nrytopf;fpwhu;fs; vd;gJ mt;tpizar; re;jpg;Gf;fspd; cs;Ns xl; l g; g l; b Uf; F k; Fwpg; G fspy; ,Ue; J njupatUk; . (,q; F ghypay; gf; f q; f s; ghu; i taplf; $lhJ vDk; jiyg; G mjpfstpy; fhzg;gLk;). vdNt tpliyfspd; FOthdJ mjpfsT vjpu; k iwahd rpe; j idfspd; gpujpgypg; gpNyNa nry;fpd;wJ. ,f;FOtpd; gpujpgypg;G mtu; f spd; vjpu; f hyj; j pid tskw; w jhf khw;Wtjw;F mDruidahff; fhzg;gLtJ fz;$L.

nrhy; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L 2007

skD

tpliyAk; r%fKk;
,d;iwa tpliyfs; ehisa r%fj;jpd; Kf; f pa egu; f s; . Mdhy; r%fkhdJ tpliyfis vt;thW cUkhw;wp cUNtw;wp mtu; f sJ vjpu; f hy tho; t pid xspkakhf; F fpwJ vd; g J mr; r %fj; j pd; eilKiwapNyNa njupatUk; . xt; n thU rKjhaKk; jk; Kd; tUfpd;w tpliyfspd; tho;itAk; vjpu;fhyj;ijAk; Neu;kiwahdjhfNt fdT ( positive ) fhz; f pd; w J. mjhtJ mt; t pliyfs; xOf; f Kk; ed; k jpg; G k; ngw; W cau; e piyapNy tuNtz; L k; vd; D k; fdTld; rKjhak; cs; s J. Mdhy; tsu; e ; N jhupdhy; fl; b f; fhf;fg;gLk; xt;nthU rKjhaKk; vt;thW jk; tpliyfisj; jhgupf;fpwJ? tPl;by; jha;/ je;ij gfypy; Ntiyf;F nry;tJ my;yJ tP l ; L Ntiyfspy; Kk; K ukhf <LgLtJ gpw;gfypy; ez;gu;fs;/cwtpdu;fspd; tUif/ nry;if> ,uty; njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfq;fs;/ jpiug;glq;fs;. ,ilapy; tUk; Kg;gJ epkplr; nra; j pfNshL jhd; rhg; g hL. mJTk; mtrufjpapy; tPl;L/ehl;L elg;Gfs; gw;wp myrp Muha; t J jhd; ,d; W gy FLk; g q; f spy; ehshe; j k; epfo; f pd; w J. tPl;il tpl;L ntspapy; tUk; tpliyfs; re;jpf;Fk; ngupahu;fspd; ciuahly;fs; $l ,d;iwa Aj;jKk; mjd; gpujpgypg;Gkhfj;jhd; fhzg; g Lfpd; w J. ngUk; g hyhd tpku; r dq; f s; vd; W Nk tpilaw; w itahfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wd. vdNt r%fkhdJ tpliyfspd; tsu; r ; r papy; vt; t pjkhd jhf; f j; j pidAk; Vw; g Lj; j hJ mtu; f isg; gw; w pa vjpu; f hy ew;rpe;jidapy; kl;LNk Mo;e;J tpLfpd;wJ. mjdhy; rKjhaj; j pd; ep[khd eil Kiwfis tpliyfs; kpfTk; ,yFthfg; gpujpgypf;fpd;wdu;. mNefkhd tpliyfs; ,d; W WWE vdg; g Lk; vJTNk Gupahj tf; f pukhd> cf; f pukhd> fl; L f; N fhg; G fs; vJTkw;w ky;Aj;jj;jpidf; fz;L fspg;gij ehk; tPbNahf; filfspy; fhzyhk;. mJTk; mf; f hl; r pfisj; jq; f sJ tP L fspNyNa FOthf Muthuj;Jld; ghu;j;J urpg;gijAk; mtw;wpid tpku;rpg;gijAk; vd;dntd;W nrhy; t J? mj; J ld; me; j ky; A j; j epoy;

ehafu;fis (Shadow heros) gpujpgypg;gijAk; mt; t hW elf; f Kw; g LtijAk; ,d; i wa eilKiwapNy fhzyhk;.
ghujp nfd;db

V_
nry;tpau;Fj; Njitahd rhyr; rpwe;j tplaq;fis nrhy;tjw;nfd;Nw nrhy; kyu;fpd;wJ.
fl;Liufspd; fUj;jhoj;Jld; fpl;ba thu;ji ; jfspy; jPlb ; a ftpijfs; fhl;bLk; r%f murpaiy. fijfs; NgrpLk; Nfhijaupd; epyikfis fhJf;nfl;lh nra;jpfs; fjpfyf;fpLk; gbf;ifapy; nrhy;y Ntz;batw;iw ry;yil Nghl;L nrhy;ypy; RUf;fpj;jUtNj nrhy;ypd; kfpik jpwikfis ntspf;fhl;l jpwT Nfhyhf kyUk; jputpakhk; nrhy;iy jhu;kf P kha; tho;jJ ; Nthk; (tsu;gN ; ghk;)
rptfhkp

nrhy; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L 2007

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skD

ghjzpfisAk; FWq;fhYiwfisAk; tpahghuk; nra;Ak; ngz; ehd; my;y ehd;

' cd;dhy; Rthpy; capNuhL

Gijf;fg;gl;lts;" fhw;iw Nghd;W Fw;w czh;tw;W eP; khwpdha; eP mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy nrq;fw;fSk; rhe;Jk; vq;fsJ Fuy;fis Gijf;f Kbahnjd;W ehd; khwtpy;iy cd;dhy; kuG vd;w Rikapd; fPo; Gijf;fg;gl;ltshfNt ,d;Dk; ,Uf;fpNwd;. eP mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy xsp ,Uisf f ; z;L mQ;Rtjpy;iynad;W ehd; mtNs kbapypUe;J G+f;fis vLj;J eP Ks;SfshYk; jzyhYk; epug;gpaij eP mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy eWkzj;ij rpiwapl Kbahnjd;W ehd; mtNs eP tpiyf;F thq;fp tpiy NgrpaJ J}a;ikahd elj;ijapd; ngauhy; eP mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy fsp kz; guzpapy; kpjf;Fk;

ehd; mtNs ifia gpbj;J nfhLf;fg;gl;lts; cd; jiyapy; cs;s Rikia Fiwf;f eP mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy Xh; Njrk; tpopj;njo Kbahnjd;W mjd; kdJ ,d;Dk; mbikahf ,Uf;Fnkdpd; fw;Gilik kw;Wk; J}a;ikahd elj;ij vd;w ngauhy; vd;id tpahghuk; nra;jh P ; vd;Dila gjp gf;jp tpRthrj;ijAk; jha;ik md;gpidAk; $l Mdhy; ,g;nghOJ jUzk; te;J tpl;lJ. kdjpYk;> kbapYk; cs;s G+f;fSf;F ghjzpfisAk; FWq;fhYiwfisAk; tpahghuk; nra;Ak; Rtnuhl;bapy; fhzg;gLk; miuFiwahd Mil mzpe;j ngz; ehd; my;y fp\;thh;
- [`hq;fPh; Njrj;jpd; khkd;duhfpa Xh; nkhFy; ,sturupd; Nky; fhjy; nfhz;l Xh; tpiykfs; capNuhL Gijf; f g; g l; l fijia ,J Fwpf;fpd;wJ. - jd; fhjyid re; j pf; f ejpia flf; f Kad; w ngz;zpd; fsp kz;zhyhd Xh; ey;y guzpia khw; w p Rlg; g lhj Xh; guzpia itj; j jd; fhuzj; j hy; ejpapy Ko; f p ,wf; F k; Nrhzp vd; D k; ngz; z pd; Nrhf fhjy; fijia Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

'Nrhzp" xU NghJk;
,wg;gjpy;iynad;W

10 10

nrhy; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L 2007

skD

ghypay; fy;tp vg;NghJ Muk;gpf;fg;glNtz;Lk;?

ghypay; fy;tpahdJ kdpj ,dg;ngUf;f Kiwapid khj;jpuk; ed;F czh;eJ ; mjid Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tplak; khj;jpuky;y. mj;Jld; fUj;jupg;G> fUj;jLg;G> csghypay;G kw;Wk; ghypay; fUj;Jfs; kw;Wk; gof;ftof;fq;fSld; njhlh;Gila ghy; uPjpapyhd ghypay; NtWghLfs;> czh;Tfs; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; cs;slf;Fk;. r%f #oypdhy; toptFf;fg;gl;l ghypay; J}z;Ljy;fspdhy; gUtj;ij va;jpa gpd;duhd ghypay; eltbf;ifs; jw;nghOJ mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wd. MNuhf;fpakhd cs tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; ghypay; eltbf;iffspd; ajhh;jj ; q;fis fz;lwptjw;F Rfhjhuf; fy;tpapd; Xh; gFjpahf gue;j tbtpyhd ghypay; fy;tpapidAk; cs;slf;FtJ kpfTk; mtrpak;. ,r;nraw;ghL ghypay; J\gpuNahfk; kw;Wk; vapl;]; Neha; tpopg;Gzh;tpid mq;fPfupf;Fk; mNj Neuj;jpy; xUtupd; Mh;tj;ij jpUg;jpg;gLj;jp mj;Jld; xt;nthUtUk; jq;fSila ghypay;Gld; jpUg;jpfukhf thoTk; toptFf;Fk;. ,yq;if FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;L rq;fj;jpd; kUj;Jt gzpg;ghsuhd itj;jpah; rpwpahzp g];ehaf;ftplk; kpNdhyp rkuf;nfhb Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l tplaq;fs; njhlh;ghf fye;JiuahLfpd;whh;.

it

j; j pa gl; l g; g bg; i g eP q ; f s; vq;Nf fw;wPh;fs; ?

nfhOk; G ngz; f s; fy; Y hupapy; Muk; g f; fy;tpia fw;W 1967y; vd;Dila vk;.gp.gp.v]; itj;jpag; gl;lj;ij ,yq;if gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; ngw;Nwd;.
ePq;fs; vj;Jiwapy; <LghL fhl;bdPh;fs;?

FLk; g f; fl; L g; g hL kw; W k; fUj; j Lg; G njhopy;El;gk;.

,j; J iwia Njh; e ; n jLg; g jw; f hd fhuzk; vd;d?

,j;Jiwapy; vdf;F Mh;tk; Vw;gl;lJ. Kjy; 15 njhlf; f k; 20 tUlq; f s; tiuf; F k; ,r; r q; f k; njhz; l h; f shNyNa elhj; j g; g l; l J. gpd; d h; rk;gsj;jpw;F gy Copah;fis Ntiyf;fkh;jj ; p gy epGzj;Jtk; tha;e;jth;fis Nrh;j;Jf; nfhz;lJ. ,r;rq;fj;jpy; Xh; njhz;luhfNt ehDk; vd;Dila Nritia Muk; g pj; N jd; . ,staJ njhl; N l ,j;Jiwapy; <Lgl;ljd; fhuzkhf vd;Dila Mh;tk; ,aw;ifahfNt tsh;ej ; J. gpd;dh; FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;L rq;fj;jpy; itj;jpa mjpfhupf;fhd Xh; njhopy; tha; g ; G Vw; g ; g l; l nghOJ ehd; tpz;zg;gpj;Njd;.
FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;L rq;fj;jpy; cq;fSila gzpia gw;wp rpwpJ tpsf;FtPh;fsh?

itj;jpag; gl;lj;ij ngw;w gpd;dh; ehd; mur Nritapy; <Lgl; N ld; . vd; D ila jhahh; ,yq;if FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;L rq;fj;jpd; ];jhgf mq; f j; j th; f spy; xUtuhf ,Ue; j ikahy;

1976 Kjy; kUj;Jt gzpg;ghsuhf FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;L rq;fj;jpy; flikahw;wp tUfpNwd;. Muk;g tUlq;fspy; fUj;jLg;G Ma;Tfspy; ehd;

nrhy; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L 2007

11 13

skD <Lgl; L ,Ue; N jd; . Xt; n thU fUj; j Lg; G Kiwfisg; gw;wpAk; Xu; ];jhgdkhf Ma;T nra;Ak; mikg;G ehq;fNs. Nehh;g;gpyhd;l;" (Norplant) vd;w Ie;J tUl fUj;jLg;G rpfpr;ir Kiwia ,yq;ifapy; mwpKfg; gLj; j paikf; F ehNd nghWg; G . ,J gw; w pa itj; j pa gupNrhjidia ehd; Kjypy; 1985y; elhj;jpNdd;. mjd; gpd; ,yq;if murhq;fk; jdJ FLk; g f; fl; L g; g hl; L j; jpl; l j; j py; ,ij cs;slf;fpaJ. fle; j tUlq; f spy; vd; D ila mjpfkhd Neuj;ij ehd; gapw;rpaspg;gjpYk;> MNyhrid toq;FtjpYk;> kw;Wk; nghJf; fy;tp jpl;lq;fspYNk nrytopj;Njd;. FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;L rq;f jpl;lj;jpd; Xh; mq;fkhf vapl;]; fy;tp jpl;lj;ij cs;slf;Fk; Kfkhf 10 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dh; ehk; FLk; g f; fl; L g; g hL gw; w pa tpupTiufis gd;Kfkhfg; gpupj;J jpirjpUg;gp tpupTgLj;jpNdhk;. ,yq;ifapy; FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;L rq;fk; Vw;W nfhs;s-g;gl;ljd; tpisthf fle;j %d;W ehd;F tUlkhf FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;L rq;fk; jdJ gq;if rw;W khw;wp tpupT gLj;jp> G+h;j;jp nra;ag;glhj Njitfis gupNrhjpj;J tUfpd;wJ.
ghlrhiyfspy; ghypay; fy;tp NjitNfw;w tifapy; fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ vd vz;Zfpd;wPh;fsh?

mjw; F Nkw; g l; l khzth; f Sf; F fw; g pf; f g; gLfpd;wJ. vdpDk; gj;J> gjpndhU taJila khzth;fSf;F ,f;fy;tpia nfhz;L nry;Yk; Kfkhf mDkjpia ngw ehd; gy Kaw;rpfis vLj;J tUfpd;Nwd;.
ghypay; fy;tpahdJ ,dg;ngUf;fj; njhFjpia gw;wpa tpsf;fj;ij khj;jpuk; cs;slf;fhJ mijtpl tpupthd tpjj;jpy; fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd epidf;fpd;wPH;fsh?

Muk; g j; j py; ghypay; fy; t p" vd; w gjk; ghtpf; f g; g ltpy; i y. mJNthh; Vw; W f; nfhs;sg;glhj jil nra;ag;gl;l ghlkhfNt fUjg;gl;lJ. ,ij ,dg;ngUf;f Rfhjhuf; fy;tp" vd miog; g J Xh; mq; f P f upf; f g; g l; l gjkhf fUjg;gl;lJ. mf;fhy fl;lj;jpy; ghlrhiyfspy; ,dg;ngUf;fj; njhFjp gw;wpa ghlnewpapd; Xh; gFjpahf ghypay; fy;tp fhzg;gl;lnghOjpYk; mij fw; g pf; f Mrpupah; f s; jaf; f k; fhl; b dh; . ,jdhy; ghlrhiyfspy; ,dg;ngUf;f Rfhjhuf; fy;tpia" fw;gpf;f FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;L rq;fk; mDkjpia ngw Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ,J rk;ge;jkhf fy;tp mikr;rpd; gzpg;ghsh;fSf;F Xh; jpl;lk; rkh; g ; g pf; f g; g l Ntz; b a NjitapUj; j J. ,ijaLj;J ,f;fy;tpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mth;fs; tpsq;fpf; nfhz;ldh;. mjd; gpd;dh; ghlrhiy Mrphpah;fsplKk; mjpgh;fsplKk; ,ij tpsf;fp mDkjpia ngw Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ,dg;ngUf;f Rfhjhuk; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzh;T ,y;yhikapdhy; Vw;gl;l gpur;rpidAlNdNa gy ,stajpdh; MNyhridf; f hf ekJ rq; f epiyaj;jpid ehLfpd;wdh;. vdpDk; ,j;jpl;lq;fs; ,dg; n gUf; f njhFjp gw; w pa tpopg; G zh; itAk;tplf; $ba gy Kf;fpa tplaq;fisAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. gUtnka;jpa tajpypUe;J xU taJ te;j kdpjdhf khWk; nghOJ Vw;gLk; kd czh;T khw;wq;fs;> ,U ghyhUf;Fkpilapyhd fth;r;rp> fhjy;> czh;Tfs;> kw;Wk; ghy; uPjpapyhd flikfs; khw; w kile; J s; s ikahy; ghy; uP j papyhd tplaq; f Sf; F Kfq; n fhLj; j y; Nghd;witfs; gw;wp ehk; fw;Wf; nfhLf;fpNwhk;.
ghypay; fy; t p njhlh; g hd vz; z q; f spy; khw;wk; Vw;gl;L ,Ug;gjhf fUJfpwPh;fsh?

,stajpdUf;fhd ghypay; fy;tp vd;w uPjpapy; mjpfstpyhd epjp nrytopf; f g; g Lfpd; w J. ghlrhiy khzth;fSf;F ghypay; fy;tpia cs;slf;F Kfkhf fy;tp mikr;rpd; mDkjpia ngWtjpy; ehd; cWjpahf ,Ue;Njd;. jpU.yypj; mj;Jyj;Kjyp mtu;fs; fy;tp mikr;ruhf ,Ue;j nghOJ ,J vq;fshy; Kbe;jJ. ghlrhiyfspy; ghypay; fy;tpia cs;slf;Fk; Muk;g jpl;lj;jpw;F mth; mDkjp toq; f pdhh; . Kjypy; ehd; F khtl; l q; f spy; Muk; g pf; f g; g l; L gpd; d h; 10 khtl; l q; f Sf; F tpuptile; j J. xt; n thU khtl; l j; j pYk; 50 gapw; r p ngw; w Mrpupah; f s; fhzg;gLtjdhy; xt;nthU ghlrhiyapYk; Xh; gapw;rp ngw;w Mrpupah; fhzg;gLfpd;whh;. Xt;nthU khtl;lj;jpYk; cs;s Xh; ghlrhiyapy; xt;nthU ehSk; Xh; epfo;r;rp ghypay; fy;tp rk;ge;jkhf eilg;ngWfpd;wJ.
ghypay; fy; t p vg; n ghOJ Muk; g pf; f g; g l Ntz; L k; vd eP q ; f s; fUJfpwP u ; f s; ?

jw; n ghOJ ghypay; fy; t pahdJ fy; t p nghJjuhju rhjhuzju kw; W k; cau; j u khzth;fSf;F mjhtJ gjpdhW tajpw;F my;yJ 12 12

ghlrhiy khzth; f spd; ngw; N whh; f s; > Mrpupah;fs; kw;Wk; mjpgh;fsplkpUe;J fpilf;Fk; tpkh;rdj;ij Nehf;Fifapy; mth;fsJ mq;ff P huk; kw; W k; Mh; t khdJ ghypay; fy; t pia jPz;lg;glhj xh; tplakhf mth;fs; fUjtpy;iy. fpuhkpa kw;Wk; efug; Gwq;fs; ,uz;bYNk ,J Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.

nrhy; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L 2007

skD
,j; j pl; l q; f spy; fUj; j Lg; G gw; w pa fy; t p cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sjh? tpkh;rpf;fpd;wdh;. gaj;ij Nghd;Nw Mz;ikaw;w jd;ikAk; ,jw;F fhuzky; y th?

,y;iy. fy;tp mikr;rplkpUe;Jk; ghlrhiyfspypUe;Jk; ,jw;F mDkjp toq;fg;gltpy;iy. ghlrhiy kl; l q; f spy; ,jw; f hd Njit cs;sjhf ehDk; fUjtpy;iy.
,jw;F mDkjpaspf;fhJ Xh; fLk; Nghf;if fy;tpaikr;R ifahSfpd;wJ vd ePq;fs; epidf;fpd;wPh;fsh?

vq; f Sila r%f fyhrhu gz; g hLfis Nehf; F ifapy; ehk; ntF J}uj; i j fle; J te;Js;Nshk; vd epidf;fpNwd;.
jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; r%f fyhrhu tof; f q; f is Nehf; F ifapy; fUj; j Lg; G Kiwfs; gw;wpa NghJkhd tpopg;Gzh;T ,stajpdUf;F mtrpaky;yth?

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Mk; . ,t; t hwhd gy tplaq; f Sld; njhlh;Ggl;l jpl;lq;fis FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;L rq; f k; jdJ epiyaj; j py; elhj; j p tUfpd; w J. fUj;jLg;G> ,dg;ngUf;fk;> ghypay; gpur;rpidfs;> vr; . I.tp. vapl; ] ; Neha; > kw; W k; ghypay; J\; g puNahfk; Nghd; w gy tplaq; f s; cs;slf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %ykhf rfyUk; ed;ikailayhk;. mj;Jld; tha;g;Gfs; kl; L g; g Lj; j g; g l; l ghlrhiyia tpl; L ntspNawpth;fSk; ,jpy; fye;J nfhs;syhk;.
ghypay; fy;tp njhlh;ghd Kjy; jpiug;glk; 'Atjpgjp" (jk;gjpfs;) FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;L rq;fj;jpdhy; jahhpf;fg;gl;lJ. mj;jpiug;glk; gw;wpa cq;fs; fUj;J vd;d?

cq;fsg; gw;wp njhpQ;Rnfhs;s Mirah ,Uf;F...

X.... mg;gbah?...

jpUkzj;ij G+h;j;jp nra;ahikf;F ngz;fis Fiw $WtJ Nghd;w ,d;iwa fhyfl;l ngz;fs; Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; gy rpf;fyhd gpur; r pidfSld; NghuhLtij vLj; J f; fhl;l ,g;glk; jtwpAs;sjhf gyh;

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Womens Global Network for Reproductive Rights

,yq; i fapy; ghypay; fy; t p njhlh; g hf jahhpf; f g; g l; l Kjy; jpiug; g lk; Atjpgjp. ,stajpdiu ,yf;fhf itj;J ,j;jpiug;glk; jahupf; f g; g l; l J. ,dg; ngUf; f k; gw; w pa tpo;g;Gzh;T ,y;yhik> ghypay;G> jpUkzj;ij G+h; j ; j p nra; a hik> kw; W k; fw; G njhlh; g hd gpur;rpidfs; Nghd;witfSf;F Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; epiyia ,j; j piug; g lk; rpj; j upf; f pwJ. gy njspthd tpsf; f q; f is nfhz; l ,j; j piug; glj; j pd; ve; j nthU fhl; r pAk; trdq; f Sk; jzpf;if rigapdhy; jpiuePf;fk; nra;ag;glhJ mDkjp toq;fp jpiuaplg;gl;likia vz;zp Mr;rupag;gl;Nld;.

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ghy; rhh;e;j tplaq;fs; rk;ge;jkhd fUj;Jfis kPsha;T nra;ahj gl;rj;jpy; cly; my;yJ mfepiy gw;wpa rpwe;j Nfhl;ghLfs; cUthf;fg;glkhl;lhJ vd; w jP h ; k hdj; j pw; f ; F ehd; te; J s; N sd; . Xh; r%fj;jpy; ngz;zhf (my;yJ Mzhf) ,Ug;gjd; nghUnsd;d vd;gjw;fhd Xh; jplkhd kw;Wk; tuyhW G+h; t khd Gupe; J zh; i t cUthf; F k; ; Kaw;rpapy;> ghy; kw;Wk; ghy; rhh;e;j tplaq;fSf; fpilapy; fhZk; jdpj; j d; i kapid vLj; J f; fhl; L tJ Njitaw; w Xh; tplak; . rP N khd; j nghNthh; vd;gth; jd;Dila ,uz;lhk; ghy;" vdg; nghUs;gLk; j nrfd;l; nrf;];" vd;w E}ypy; cs;slf;fpaijg; Nghd;W NtW ve;jnthU ngz; z pathjpAk; clNyhL $ba ghypay; uPjpapyhd NtWgl;l Xh; kdpjg; gpwtpiag; gw;wpa fUj;Jf; Nfhl;ghl;bid cUthf;ftpy;iy. Mq;fpy nkhop tpkh;rfh;fs; nghNthupd; 1949k; Mz;L fl;Liuia 1960fspd; ghy; kw;Wk; ghy; rhh;e;j tplaq;fspd; jdpj;jd;ik vd;w fz;Nzhl;lj;jpNyNa gbj;J te;Js;sdh; vd;gNj ,jw;fhd fhuzkhFk; . mj; J ld; gy rkfhy ngz; z pathjpfs; NjLk; cliyg; gw;wpa jplkhd> tuyhWG+h;tkhd kw;Wk; r%fg; Gupe;Jzh;itf; nfhz;l Xh; rpwe;j Mf;fNk ,f; fl;Liu vd;gij ,th;fs; czuj;jtwpAs;sdh;. xUth; ngz;zhfg; gpwg;gjpy;iy Mdhy; cUthf;fg;gLfpwhh;" vd;Dk;; nghNthhpd; $w;W rkfhy ngz;zpathjpfspdhy; jtwhfg; Gupe;J nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. nyfhd; gpupAbw; F j; jpUk; g paJ Nghy ngz; z pa Nfhl;ghl;lhsh;fSk; nghNthUf;Fj; jpUk;Gtjw;F ,JNt ey;y jUzkhFk;. ngz;zpaf; fUj;Jf; Nfhl;ghl;by; ghYk; ghy; rhh;e;j tplaq;fSk; gw;wpa vd;Dila Ma;it fPo;tUk; tpdhTlNdNa ehd; Muk;gpf;fpNwd;. vr; # o; e piyapy; ehk; ,t; t hwhd jdpj; j d; ikfisj; njspTgLj; j Ntz; L k; ? jdpr; r pwg; g pid NtWgLj; j pf; fhl; L tJ xU tplaj; j pyhtJ gad; g Lj; j Kbahj epiy Njhd; W k; vd; g ij vLj; J f; fhl; L tNj ,f;fl;Liuapy; vd;Dila Kf;fpa jpl;lkhFk;. mjhtJ mfepiyia gw; w pa xU rpwg; g hd Nfhl;ghl;bid cUthf;Fk; nghOJ ,t;thwhd jdpj; j d; i kfs; Njitaw; w tplakhf nfhs;sg;gLk;. vdpDk; ngz;zpaj;jpd; NtWgl;l tplaq;fspy; ghy; kw;Wk; ghy; rhh;ej ; tplaq;fspd; jdpr;rpwg;gpid NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;LtJ xh; Kf;fpa NjitahFk;.

ngz; vd;why; ahu; vd;w rPNkhd; j nghNthhpd; Gupe;Jzh;thdJ ehse;j Kuz;ghLfspy; murpay; kw;Wk; eilKiw NtWghLfis cUthf;Fk;. capu; Ez;kq;fspd; uPjpapyhd ,d;wpaikahj $Wfisj; jtph; j ; J vjph; j ; J epw; f rkfhy ngz; z pa Nfhl;ghLfs; mjpf rf;jpia nrytopf;fpd;wd. ,jdhy; ghy; gw;wpa nghJf; fUj;Jfs; NghyNt ghy; rhh; e ; j tplaq; f s; rk; g e; j khd nghJf; fUj;JfSk; mlf;fpahSk; jd;ik nfhz;lit vd; g ij vspjpy; kwe; J tpLfpd; N whk; . ,d; W mNefkhd #o;epiyfspy;> ngz; vd;why; ahh; vd;w tpLjiy ngw;w Rje;jpukhd Gupe;Jzh;tpw;fF ; kpfTk; mr; R Wj; j yhd jilf; f y; y hf capu; Ez;kq;fspd; uPjpapyhd nraYWjp fhzg;gLtjpy; i y. ngz; z pak; gw; w pa ghy; rhh; e ; j nghJthd rfy Nfhl;ghLfSk; ngz;fSf;F cUf; nfhLj;J gof;fg;gl;l fUj;jpidNa cUthf;Fk; vd j nrfd; l ; nrf; ] ; " vd; w E}y; vLj; J f; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,Wjpahf> ehd; Ma;tpw;Fl;gLj;jg; NghFk; gue;j ngz;zpa kw;Wk; Nfhl;ghl;L tplaq;fs; gw;wpr; rpwpJ $w tpUk; G fpd; N wd; . tpl; f d; ] ; i ldpd; khakhd Mdhy; vspjhd nghd;nkhopahd Xh; nrhy; y pd; nghUshdJ nkhopapy; mJ gad; g Lj; j g; g Lk; tpjj; j pNyNa jq; f pAs; s J" vd; g ij ehd; mfj; J }z; l yhff; nfhz; L ngz;zpaf; Nfhl;ghLfs; njhlh;ghf #rd; $gu; $Wk; mNdhnuf; r pah vd; D k; Nehapdhy; fLikahfg; gP b f; f gl; l Xh; tplak; " vd; w rhJupakhd fUj; i j ehd; ngz; z pa Nfhl;ghLfspy; ngz;" vd;w nrhy; xU nghUSk; mw;W Xlha;j; Njae;;J Nghd epiyapy; cs;sik vq;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;l xd;whFk; vd;gij typAWj;JfpNwd;. mjhtJ ,J vq;fisg; Nghd;w ngz; z paf; Nfhl; g hl; l hsh; f spd; nrhe; j g; gpur; r pidahFk; . ngz; " vd; w nrhy; i y gad;gLj;jy; (kw;Wk; ngz; vd;why; ahu; vd;w tpdhtpw; F g; gjpyspj; j y; ) vd; w ek; g pf; i f Ez;nghUs; Nfhl;ghl;bay; tpsf;fKiw kw;Wk; ,d; w paikahj ,ay; G kP J s; s jj; J tQhd mh; g ; g zpg; G vd; g J jtW vd ghy; rhh; e ; j tplaq;fs; njhlh;ghd fUj;Jfis (ntWkNd Cfpf;fhJ) ftdkhf Ma;T nra;J ,f;fl;Liuapy; vLj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. njhlh;e;J ;ngz;" vd;w nrhy;iy cs;shh;e;j ,d;wpaikahj ,ay;G vdf; $ wg; g Lk; tplaj; j pypUe; J fhg; g hw; W k; Kaw;rpfs; cs;slf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf xUth; ,ij tpidj; j pwdhd KiwapNyNa gad;gLj;Jfpwhh; vdf; $wy; my;yJ xUth; ,ij

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Xh; nghJthd $w;whf vz;ZtJz;L. my;yJ xUth; gy;NtW tpjkhd ngz;fisg; gw;wp khj;jpuk; NgRtJ> my;yJ fl;likg;ig mfw;w jlkpof;Fk; nraYf;Fs; ,ij cs;slf;Fk; nghUl;L xUth; vg; n ghOJk; csuP j pahf ,r; n rhy; Y f; F Nkw; N fhs; F wpfisapLjy; Nghd; w fUj; J fs; mtrpakw; w it vd; w uP j papy; ,it jtwhf topelj; j g; glf;$ba tpsf;fq;fshFk;.

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vz;zf;fUit Gidtjhff; nfhs;sg;gLk;. ngz; vd;why; ahu; my;yJ ngz; vd;why; vg;gb ,Uf;f Ntz; L k; vd; w mth; f Sila XusT FWfpa fz;Nzhl;lj;jpw;F cl;glhj ngz;fisg; Gupe;J nfhs; s Kbahj gytifahd jd; i kfis rkfhyj; J g; ngz; z pak; nfhz; L s; s J. ,f;Nfhl;ghl;bw;F my;yJ NtW Nfhl;ghl;bw;nfjpuhf tsh;e;J nfhz;L nry;Yk; gpuj;jpNaf jd;ikapyhd" Fw;wr;rhl;LfNs vjph;ghh;ff ; g;gLk; gpd;tpisTfshFk;. ,r;nrhy;ypid rhjhuzkhf Gupe; J nfhs; t jd; %yk; ngz; f Sf; F eP j pAk; rkj; J tKk; ngw; W ju Ntz; L k; vd; w mh;gg ; zpg;ig nfhz;l ngz;zpaNk ,d;W vkf;F mtrpakhfTs;sJ. ,t;thwhdNjhh; ngz;zpaj;jpdhNyNa xt; n thU ehSk; ngz; f s; Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; gpur;rpidfspd; rpf;fy; jd;ikia KOikahfg; Gupe;J nraw;gl KbAk;. mt;thwhd ngz;zpak; jw;nghOJk; fhzg;gLfpd;wik kpfTk; kfpo; r ; r pf; F upaNjhh; tplak; . mj; J ld; eilKiwapy; Ez;nghUs; Ma;Tf; Nfhl;ghl;baYf;F vjpuhd ngz;zpa Nfhl;ghLfSk; ,jw;F MjuT jUfpd; w d. jdpNa ngz; f s; vd; w fhuzj;jhy; jypghd; ,af;fk; Mg;fhd; ngz;fspd; mbg; g il cupikfisAk; kWf; f pd; w dh; vd; g ijf; $Wk; nghOJ mjd; nghUis cs;thq;fpg; Gupe;J nfhs;sf;$ba ngz;zpathjp xUtiuNaDk; vdf;Fj; njupahJ. ,r;nrhw;fspd; nghUspy; vt;tpj gpur;ridfSkpy;iy. Mdhy; gy fw; w khzth; f Sk; Nguhrpah; f Sk; jq; f sJ Ma;thf;fq;fspy; ,r;nrhw;fis cgNahfj;jpw;f;F cl;gLj;JtJ epGzj;Jtkw;wjd;ikia vLj;Jf; fhl; L tjhfTk; mj; J ld; vspjhd nrhw; f s; gad; g Lj; j g; g l; l jhff; fUjg; g LnkdTk; mQ; R fpd; w dh; . ghy; kw; W k; ghy; rhh; e ; j tplaq;fspYs;s Nfhl;ghl;Lf; Fog;gq;fspdhy; khj;jpuk; mt;thwhd mr;rq;fs; Vw;gLtjpy;iy. ,t;thwhd vOj;jhf;fq;fSk; rhjhuz nkhop cgNahfKk; mDgtq; f Sk; xd; W f; n fhd; W vjph;khwhdit. Ma; T f; F l; g Lj; j g; g l; l kw; W k; Nfhl; g hl;bayhd ,f;fl;Liuapy; jypghd; njhlh;ghf ehq;fs; vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w Muha;rr ; pfis Nkw;nfhs;stpy;iy. mj;Jld; ngz; vd;w nrhy;

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nrhy; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L 2007

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rpye;jp Njhz;Lk; Mz; gyj;Jld; Njhz;Lk; Nfs;tp vOg;Gk; rpye;jp Nfs;tp vOg;Gk; ,jak; nksdpj;J ,Uf;Fk; rpye;jp kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; Nfs;tp vOg;Gk; ,jak; nksdpj;Nj ,Uf;Fk; typfspd; cr;rk; ,jak; ,uj;jk; frpAk; rpye;jp Njhz;Lk;. fpopj;J Fjwpj; Njhz;Lk; jd; KOg; gyj;Jld; Njhz;Lk; Njhz;bf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk; typfspd; cr;rk; Gwf;fzpg;Gfspd; cr;rk; ,jak; rphpf;Fk; rphpf;Fk; MNtrkha; rphpf;Fk; mjph;e;J mjph;e;J rphpf;Fk; rphpf;Fk; rphpg;gjph;tpy; rpye;jpfs; ntbj;J rpjWk; rpye;jpfs; ntbj;J rpjWk; !!!
fPh;j;jdh

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mk;kh> mz;zd;khH vy;yhk; ,jg; g j; j pj; j hd; NgRwhq; f . rNwhf;fh fypahzk; Kbr;rgpwF mtNshl fijf; f $lhjhk; . me; j Nwhl; l hiyAk; Nghff; $lhJ vd; W mk; k hTk; nrhy;ypg;Nghl;lhT. ghtk; rNwhf;fh. KUNfrd; mz;zd; nuz;lhtJ fypahzk; Kbr;rJf;F xUj;jUk; xz;;Lk; Ngry. ghtk; mtd; vj;jd ehS jhd; f]; u g; g Lw vz; L jhd; mk; k hTk; ; nrhd; d t. Mdh rNwhf; f htj; j hd; jg; g hr; nrhy;Ywhq;f. fz;zd; khkh ey; y k; . ey; y hf; fijg; g hH. xUj; j NuhilAk; rz; l gpbf; f khl; l hH. rNwhf; f h fz; z d; khkht Kbr; r jpy vd; d jg; G ? KUNfrd; mz; z Dk; VRwhH. ,ts; vy; y hk; xU nghk; g pisah? GUrd; nrj;J nuz;L tUrj;jpy mJTk; %z; L tarpy xU nghk;gpsg; gps;isAk; ,Uf;F: ,tSf;F fypahzk; Njitah ? fNzrz;zd; uhzpaf;fht tpUk;gp fypahzk; Kbf;f vz;L nrhy;yp ,Ue;jtu;. gpwF rPjdk; fhzhnjz; L NtnwhU hP r ; r H nghk;gpisa Kbr;rtH. ghtk; uhzpaf; f h ciof; f ntz; L ntspehl; L f; F Nghdt ehY tUr; r khr; R ve; j KbTkpy; iyahk; . mz; z d; nrQ; r jg; gj;jp mk;kh xz;Lk; fijf;fy;y. uhzpaf;fhjhd; vy;yhj;Jf;Fk; fhuzkhk; . mthtpyjhd; gpioahk;. ehd; flrhg; gpwe; j Jjhd; jg; G . ehDk; KUNfrd; mz; z d; k hjphp gpwe; j pUe; j h> ehd; nrhy; Y wjAk; Nfl;bUg;ghq;. O/L gbr;rhYk; ehd; ,d; D k; rpd; d g; Gs; i sahfj; j hd; njhpapwd; . vd; N dhl gbf; f pw gps; i sfNshL NrHe; J tpisahl tpLwjpy; y . 20 20

tpisahbdh nghk;Gsg; gps; i sfSf; F mofpy; iyahk;. ehd; kujDk; cauKk; ey; y h tpisahLtd; . vl;lhkhz;L tu ehd;jhd; rk; g pad; . gpwF nghpa gps; i sahk; > tpisahl gs; s pf; F Nghwjpy; y gbf;fj;jhd; Nghw eP . vz;L KUNfrd; mz;zd; nrhy;ypg;Nghl;;L. ,e;jg; Gj;jfk; vy;yhj;ijAk; ,; e ; j tP ; l ; b iyNa tpl; L g;

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nuhb ngz;fs;:
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fuPf ikaq;fspy; ngz;fspd; mofpid ity;bq; mtjhdpJs; s hh; . .. jw; n ghOJ ,yq;ifapd; kiy rhh;e;j gpuNjrq;fspy; rpU\g;GfspNy kpfTk; mofhd rpU\;b mtd; Kd; epd;wJ... fs;sq; fglnkd;w fsq;fkw;w jd;ik njupe;jJ"
-nuhgu;l; ];lhz;b;> nuhb ngz;fis gw;wpa vOj;Jf;fs;> ahidfspd; elkhl;lk; (1948).

vdpDk; ,jpYs; s rpf; f y; vd; d ntdpy; > ,f; F ykhdJ eRf; f g; g l; L mlf; F Kiwf; F cs;shf;fg;gl;lJ kl;Lky;yhJ fw;gidfs; kw;Wk; ghypay; G Rikfspdhy; tpfpjhrhu Kiwapy; ngz;fs; gy Jd;gq;fisAk; mDgtpj;jdh;. mth; f Sila Muk; g khdJ cz; i kf; F Gwk;ghdJ vd Gyg;gl;lhYk; nuhb ,dj;jth; ,e;jpahtpYs;s NtLth; Fykhf ,Ug;gjw;fhd rhj;jpaf; $Wfs; gy cs;sd. ,jd; xU thjkhf ,Ugj;jpapuz;L E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;dh; mur kuf;fd;Wld; mDuhjGuj;ij Nehf;fpa gazj;jpy; gupthuj; j pd; ghJfhg; g pw; f hf mk; G va; J k; mq; f j; j th; f shf ,th; f s; ,yq; i ff; F Kjd; Kjypy; fhnyLj;J itj;jdh;. vdpDk; nuhb ,dj; j tupd; ntWg; G +l; L k; tha;nkhop cgNahfj;ij nfhz;l ghuk;gupak; mth;fsJ cs;@h; Muk;gj;jpidAk; mur tk;r topapidAk; vLj; J f; fhl; L fpd; w J. guk; g iu guk;giuahf ,th;fspd; Muk;gk; gw;wpa fw;gidg; Guhzk; ntt; N tW tbtq; f is ngw; W s; s J. MapDk; ,tw;Ws; kpfTk; tof;fkhd Xh; tpsf;fk; (The Tabrobain) jk;gghzp vd;w E}ypd; 1887 [{d; kw;Wk; Mf];l; ntspaPLfspy; `pt; netpypdhy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. guhf; f pukghF kd; d dpd; muz; k idf; F Ntl;ilahLgtupdhy; khdpiwr;rp toq;fg;gLtJ tof;fk;. mt;thW Ntl;ilahb vijANk gpbf;f

gyjug;gl;l ,dq;fSf;F ,y;ykhf cs;sik ,yq;ifapd; moFk; mjp\;lKkhFk;. ed;F mwpe;j r%fq; f Sf; F mg; g hy; jq; f sJ Fyj; j pid ntspg;gLj;Jk; jdpg;gl;l r%f gz;GfSld; rKjhaj;jpd; ehshe;j eltbf;iffSf;F mg;ghy; tho;eJ ; tUk; rpW FOf;fs; jw;nghOJk; cs;sd. Guhjd fhyq; f spypUe; J > Ntl; i lahb tho; f ; i fia elhj; J k; ,dj; j pw; F s; cl; g Lk; NtLth; ,dk; ,tw; w py; xd; n wd vt; t pj re;NjfKkpd;wp $wyhk;. fw;gidia mjpfupf;Fk; Mdhy; ntspAyfk; mwpe;jpuhj rKjhak; nuhbahFk;. nuhb ,dj;jpd; Muk; g k; gw; w pa fw; g id ufrpak; > mth; f sJ Jf;ffukhd tuyhW kw;Wk; nuhb ngz;fspd; Gfo; ngw;w fth;r;rp kpf;f moF Nghd;w midj;Jk; cz;ikapy; mth;fsJ kjpg;ig vLj;Jf; fhl;l $wg;gl;litNa.

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Kbahj xU re; j h; g ; g j; j py; mur FLk; g j; j pw; F khdpiwr; r pf; F <lhf fhl; b y; mtd; re; j pj; j rpWtdpd; eukhkprj; i j toq; f pdhd; . Mdhy; etul;zts;sp (my;yJ ul;zts;sp) vd;w ngah; nfhz;l kd;dupd; trPfukhd moiff; nfhz;l Gj;jpup ,k;Nkhrbia fz;L nfhz;l nghOjpYk; eukhkprj;jpd; RitapNy kaq;fp jdf;F ehs;NjhWk; eu khkprj;ij nfhz;L tUkhW mt;Ntl;ilf; fhuDf; F cj; j utpl; l hs; . ,jd; ypisthf ,isQh;fSk; AtjpfSk; njhlh;e;J kh;kkhd Kiwapy; fhzhky; Nghfj; njhlq; f pdh; . ,j;jUzj;jpy; jd;Dila kfid fhztpy;iy vd Gfhh; nra;a muz;kidf;F te;j ehtpjDf;F muz; k id Nritahsh; f shy; toq; f g; g l; l cztpy; jdJ gps;isapd; iftpuy; ,Ug;gij mtjhdpj; j hd; . ,jD}lhf cz; i kfs; ntspr; r j; j pw; F tu> Mj; j pukile; j kd; d d; ,sturpapd; Mguzq;fis gwpj;J muz;kidf;F mUfhikapYs; s njUtpidg; ngUf; f p Rj;jg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;j xUtid mioj;J> mtDf; F kidtpahf ,sturpia nfhLj; J mtis ntspNaw; w pdhd; . mtis mtsJ fztdpd; juhjuj;jpy; tho;f;ifia elhj;JkhW fl;lisapl;lhh;." nuhb" ,dj;jth; gfp\;fupf;fg;gl;L js;sp itf;fg;gl;lth;fs;. mf;fhyfl;lj;jpy; fz;ba uh[;[pa rl;lq;fspd; fPo; ,th;fSf;F gy jilfs; tpjpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. ,th;fs; kdpjg; gpwg;gpNy kpfTk; mbkl;lj;jpyhd jho;e;j Fyj;jpduhf fUjg;gl;ldh;. mRj;jj;ij Fwpf;Fk; nuhlh" vd;w nrhy;ypypUe;Nj nuhb vd;w ngah; ,th;fSf;F #l;lg;gl;lJ. vdpDk;> rptg;G vd;gij Fwpf;Fk; fhbvd;w ngaiu ,th;fs; jq;fsJ Fyj;jpw;F itj; J nfhz; l dh; . ngsj; j Myaq; f Sf; F s; Eiotjw;F ,th;fSf;F jil tpjpf;fg;gl;lJ. tptrhak; nra;tjw;Fk;> glFfs; tz;bfspy; gazk; nra;tjw;Fk;> fpzWfspypUe;J jz;zPh; ms;sTk; mDkjp kWf;fg;gl;lJ. mth;fSila epoy;gl;l MWfs; $l jPll ; hf fUjg;gl;lJ. kw; w th; f s; ghijahy; nry; Y k; nghOJ jPl;lhfhJ ,Ug;gjw;F ,tu;fs; ghijapy; ,Ue;J tpyf Ntz;ba #o;epiy fhzg;gl;lJ. Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; ,ilf;F Nky; Milfis mzptjw;F jil tpjpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,th;fs; nry;Yk; nghOJ re; j pf; F k; midtUf; F k; kupahij nrYj; J k; Kfkhf jiy Fdpe;J ele;J nry;y Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ,th;fsJ tPL fspapdhy; nra;ag;gl;l Xh; gpd; RtiuAk; gidNahiyapdhy; nra; a g; g l; l $iuAk; mjid jhq; f p gpbf; f Xh; jbiaAk; nfhz;L mikf;fgl;bUe;jJ. Fg;igak; vdg;gl;l 22 22

xU xJf; f g; g l; l Ff; f puhkj; j pNyNa tho ,th;fSf;F ,lkspf;fg;gl;lJ. nuhgh;l; nehf;]; vd;gtNu Mq;fpyj;jpy; nuhb ,dj;jtiu gw;wpa tpupthd tpguj;ij jdJ ,yq;ifia gw;wpa Xh; tuyhw;Wj; njhlh;" (1681) vd; w E}ypy; vOjpdhh; . mjpy; mth; f s; xJf;fg;gl;lth;fshf ,Ug;gjw;fhd fhuzj;ij vLj;Jf; fhl;bAs;shh;: Xh; ,dj;jpyhd kf;fs; mq;F fhzg;gLfpd;wdh; mth;fs; gpr;irnaLg;gth; f s; : mth; f Sila Fw; w r; nray; f spdhy; Kd; i da murh; f spdhy; kpfTk; mbkl; l j; jpdhyhd epiyf;F jho;jj ; g;gl;ldh;. mth;fsJ jPa nray; f Nsh eltbf; i ffNsh mth; f is ,dpNkYk; jho;j;j Kbahj mbkl;lepiyf;F js; s pAs; s J. je; i j Gj; j pupfNshLk; jha; Gj; j puh; f NshLk; ghYWT Nkw; n fhs; t J mth;fspilNa ve;jtpjkhd ,uj;j rk;ge;jk; my;yJ gpizg;G ,y;yhjJ Nghd;W rhjhuz eil KiwahfNt fUjg;gl;lJ. Ntlh;fisg; Nghy; my;yhJ nuhb ,dj;jth; rhjpf; fl; l ikg; g py; cs; s lf; f g; g l; L s; s dh; . ,f; f l; l ikg; g pd; mbkl; l j; j py; ,th; f Ns fhzg; g Lfpd; w dh; . mj; J ld; ,th; f is xJf;fgl;l jPll ; hd ,dkhff; fUjpdh;. kd;dupd; gifia rk;ghjpj;J nfhz;l gpuGf;fs; kw;Wk; ke;jpupfspd; FLk;gj;jpd; ngz; mq;fj;jth;fis nuhb ,dj;jtUld; Nrh;e;J tho;f;if elhj;j murdhy; cj;jutplg;gLk;. ,J fz;ba rl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; xU tpj jz;lidahFk;. 'kd; d Uld; gifia tsh; j ; J f; nfhz; l gpuGf;fspdJk; ke;jpupfspdJk; Gj;jpupfisAk; kidtpfisAk; ,t;tpdj;jtUld; tho mDg;gp itg;gJ tof;fkhFk;. ,j;jz;lid kuzj;ij tpl nfh^ukhdjhff; fUjg;gl;lJ ,jid nehf]; jdJ E}ypy; gpd; t UkhW tpgupj; J s; s hh; . ,t;thwhd jz;lidapd; nfh^u jd;ikia fz;L murd; kdkpuq;fp ,g;ngz;fis ejpf;fiuf;F nfhz; L nry; y g; gzpj; J > mq; F mth; f s; tpUk;gpdhy; tpNkhrdkhf ePupy; %o;fp jq;fSila capiu kha;j;Jf; nfhs;syhk; vd cj;jutpl;lhh;. ghl; L > eldk; > giw ,irj; j y; > kw; W k; jl; L fis Edp tpuyhy; Row; w y; Nghd; w tpj; i jfshy; kw; w th; f is cy; y hrg; g Lj; j p Ntbf; i f fhl; L tjw; f P l hf ehzaq; f is ngw;Wnfhs;s mth;fSf;F ,lkspf;fg;gl;lJ. nuhb ,dj;jtupd; Muk;gj;ij gw;wpa fw;gidfs;> ,th;fspd; Kd;Ndhh;fis moptpypUe;J ghJfhf;f guhf; f pukghF kd; d uplkpUe; J NeubahfNt ,j;jpwikfis ngw;Wf; nfhz;ldu; vd tuyhW

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njuptpf;fpd;wJ. ,k;kd;dh; njUtpidg; ngUf;Fk; mk; k dpjDf; F Xh; g iwiaf; nfhLj; J mij ,irf; F khWk; mNjNghy; ul; z ts; s paplk; cNyhfj; jl;Lfisf; nfhLj;J mij mtsJ Edp tpuyhy; Row; w p ,UtiuiAk; Mbg; g hlTk; fl;lisapl;lhh;. ghy;uPjpahf tiuaWf;fg;gl;l nraw;ghLfs; (ghj; j puq; f s; ) gyE}w; w hz; L fhykhf nuhb ,dj; j tuhy; Nkw; n fhs; s g; g l; L tUfpd; w J. ngz;fs; vjidAk; vLj;Jr; nry;yhtpbDk; gpr;ir Nfl;f nry;Yk; nghOJ mth;fs; eldkhb> [hy tpj;ijfis nra;J fhl;Lfpd;wdh;. mNjNghy; Mz;fs; giwfis Kof;fp ,irf;fpd;wdh;> vd nehf; ] ; tpsf; F fpd; w hh; . cNyhfj; jl; L fis jq; f sJ Edp tpuy; f spdhy; Row; W fpd; w dh; . GJikapy; tpaf;fjf;f tifapy; kpfTk; Ntfkhf Row;Wfpd;wdh;. mj;Jld; xd;gJ rpwpa ge;Jfis ,U iffisAk; cgNahfpj;J xd;whf Royj;jf;f tifapy; NkNy vwpe;J gpbf;fpd;wdh;. mjhtJ mit xd;wd; gpd; xd;whf tpOk; mNj Ntfj;jpy; kPz;Lk; NkNy vwpag;gLfpd;wJ. ifapy; ,uz;L ge;Jfs; ,Uf;Fk; mNjNtis NkNy VO ge;Jfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,g; g bapUf; i fapy; nuhbapd; ,opthd ruptpw; f hd fhuzk; vd; d ? Ntl; i lahLk; ,t; t pdj; j th; f s; mw; g khd gpr; i r Nfl; F k; ahrpfshf ,opTgl fhuzk; vd; d ? kd; d h; guhf; f pukghFtpd; muz; k idapy; eilngw; w eukhkpr epfo;tpdhNyh? my;yJ NtW fhuzq;fs; cs;sdth vd;w Nfs;tpfs; vOfpd;wd. ,jw;fhd gjpy; nuhbapdj;jthpd; rka kw;Wk; rk;gpujha Guhzq;fspNy fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf nuhb ,dj; j tiu gw; w pa Guhzq; f spy; ul; z ts; s pf; F Xh; Jjpg; g hly; xg; G tpf; f g; gLfpd;wJ. mjpy; ul;zts;sp ,sturpahf my;yhJ Xh; ngz; nja;tkhf Nghw;wg;gLfpd;whs;:

cd;Dila trpa thh;ji ; jfspdhy; Neha;fs; FzkilAk; gaq;fukhd gtsq;fis njhLj;J mzpgts;. ul;zts;spNa vq;fSila miog;gpw;F nrtpkLj;J ,wq;fp th cd;Dla ehkk; ul;z jpyf ts;sp cdf;F jFjpahdNj gf;jpAldhd Mj;k rlq;Ffis cdf;F rkh;g;gpj;J jpUg;jpg;gLj;JfpNwd;. ,UgJ tajpid fle;jth;fspd; khkprj;ij eP Ritf;fhJ nry;y khl;lha;.
vk; . b.uhftdpd; trP f ukhd ahrpfs; : ,yq;ifapd; nuhb ,dj;jth;" (1957)> vd;w E}ypy; fhzg; g Lfpd; w Gdpj kuq; f is cgNahfpj; J cUthf;fg;gl;l ul;zts;sp cUtikg;gpy; mtsJ gpd; d pa $e; j y; > kdpj jiyNahl; b yhd gaq; f ukhd khiy kw; W k; eukhkprj; i j gypnfhLf; F k; rkh; g ; g zk; Nghd; w d fhsp topghl;bid Fwpf;fpd;wJ. fhspiag; Nghd;w ul;zts;spf;fhd Jh;Njtij top;ghL mq;F eilg; ngw;wpUf;fyhk; MfNt> ,f;fhuzj;jpdhNyNa mth;fis xJf;fp itj;Js;sdh;. Vnddpy; Muk;g fhy ngsj; j h; f Sf; F eukhkpr gyp my; y J rkh; g ; g zk; ntWg; G +l; L k; Xh; nrayhf fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdpDk;> nuhb ,dj;jth;fs; rpy fhykhf uzl;ts;spia topgltpy;iy. Mdhy;> mg;ngz;fs; ul;zts;spapd; Jjpg; ghly;fis xg;Gtpj;J te;Js;sdh;. ,f;fw;gid Guhzq;fis gw;wpa tpsf;fq;fs; xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;L fhzg;gl;l nghOjpYk; nuhb ,dj;jtiu gw;wpa rpy tplaq;fs; vt;tpj jhf;f ; Kkpd;wp Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. ,tw;Ws; nuhb ngz; f spd; moFk; xd; w hFk; . cyf nghf; f p\q; f s; mth; f splk; vJTk; ,y; i y. MapDk; ngz; Z f; f hd rfy tpjkhd fth; r ; r papidAk; trP f upf; F k; mofpidAk; nfhz; l th; f s; > vd uhftd; tpsf; f pAs; s hh; . ,sturpapd; guk;giuAk; gpuGf;fs; ke;jpupfspd; guk;giuf; fyg;Gk; ,t;tofpw;fhd fhuzkhf nuhbapdj;jth;fs; $Wfpd;wdh;. ,g;ngz;fspd; trPfuk; jtwhf nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. nuhb Mz;fspd; kPJ fhl;lg;gLk; ntWg;G ngz;fspd; kPJ fhl;lg;gLtjpy;iy. nuhbapd ,sk; Atjpfs; kpfTk; fth; r ; r pah-

mlh;ej ; gr;irgNry; vd;w ,iyfis nfhz;l kuj;jpy; rha;e;jpUf;Fk; ngz;Nz! cd;Dila mlh;j;jpahd ePy ePz;l gpd;diy nfhz;l $e;jYld; ul;zts;spNa> gpufhrpf;fpd;w kapy; gr;ir njYk;G kuj;jpypUe;J ,wq;fpaij Nghd;W rhy ku kyh; tisaq;fspdhy; Rj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; ngz;Nz!

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skD dth; f s; . gyh; ,th; f spd; mofpy; kjpkaq; f p fhzg; g l; l dnud n`d; w p rhh; y ]; rhh; ,yq;ifAk; rpq;fstUk;" (1850) vd;w E}ypy; tpgupf;fpd;whh;. mth;fsJ fw;G Xh; gonkhopapd; %yk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ njU eha;fSk; nuhb ,dj;Jg; ngz;fSk; fw;gw;wth;fs; vd;gJ fz;bapy; jw;nghOJk; $wg;gLk; $w;W. vdpDk; > fP o ; f ; fhZk; ghuk; g upa ftpijapd; %yk; nuhb ngz;fspd; mofpdhy; ehl;L kf;fs; nka;kwe;J fhzg; g l; l dh; vd; g J Gydhfpd;wJ.. cly; fl; ; l ikg; G > nky; y pa mirT> kw; W k; ek;gpf;ifaw;w ghh;it Nghd;wtw;iw nfhz;l mg;ngz; Xh; ehs; vd;id mtsJ tPl;bDs; mioj;J nrd;whs;. mq;F vd;dplj;jpypUe;j KO gzj;ijAk; ngw;Wnfhz;l gpd;dh;> NkYk; gzk; jUkhW nfQ;rpdhs;. vd;dplKs;s midj;ijAk; cdf;F nfhLj;j gpd;dh; jw;nghOJ ehDk; twpa epiyf;F js;sg;gl;Ls;Nsd; vd;gij Gupa itj;Njd;. vd;id fLikahf ghh;j;j tz;zk; ntspNa nrd;w mts; kPzL ; k; jpUk;gpa nghOJ if epiwa nts;sp ehzaq; f is nfhz; L te; J vd;dplj;jpy; nfhLj;jhs;. mtsJ nghf;fp\j;ij kPzL ; k; mtsplNk nfhLf; f epidj; j nghOJ mtsJ %d; W fzth; f Sk; ngw;NwhUk; vd;dplj;jpypUe;J mij gwpj;njLj;jdh;. mtsJ fzth; f s; vd; i d ghh; j ; J nghwhikg; gLtijtpLj; J jq;fspd; kidtpia gzj;jpw;fhf kw;wth;fSf;F nfhLf;fj;jahuhf ,Ue;jdh;. ngw;NwhUf;Fk; jq;fsJ Gj;jpupfis gw;wpa fUj;J ,t;thNw fhzg;gl;lJ. nuhbia gw;wpa NkNyj;Nja fw;gid> Xh; nuhb ngz;Zf;Fk; Njapiy ngUe; N jhl; l cupikahsUf;Fkpilapyhd fhjy; gw; w pa ahidfspd; elkhl;lk;" (1948) vd;w nuhgh;l; ];lhd;b\pd; ehtypy; vLj;Jf;fhl; l g; g l; L s; s J. ,e; e hty; gpd;dh; jpiug;glkhf ntspte;jJ. ,jpy; gpugy ebfh;fshd gPl;lh; gpd;Q; kw;Wk; vyprngj; nlapyh; ebj;jdh;. 'ity;bq; ngz;fspd; moif kpfTk; gpugy;akhd ehfuPf epiyaq;fspy; fz;Ls;shh;. vd ehtyhrpupah; fijapd; ehafDf;Fk; nuhb ngz;Zf;Fkp-ilapyhd Kjy; re; j pg; g pid gw; w p tpgupf; f pd; w hh; . 'jw; n ghOJ ,yq;ifapd; kiy ehLfspy; kdpjg; gpwtpapNyNa kpfTk; mofhd rpU\;bg;G mtd; Kd; epd;wJ. ,q;F fs;sk; fglkw;w fsq;fkpy;yhj jd;ik njd; g l; l J. vdpDk; ,J fpuhkg; G wq; f spy; fhzg;gLk; ntFspj;jdky;y> fhuzk; mtd; Kd; ngUkpjj; J ld; epd; W nfhz; b Ue; j ngz; ,sturpia Nghd;w mofpidAk; elj;ijiaAk; nfhz;bUe;jhs;.

ed;F kyh;e;j nre;jhkiuia Nghd;w rpte;j Kfk; cd;Dila rpte;j cjLfs; rptg;G my;yp kyUf;F xg;ghFk;. ,e;Jtuh kyiu Nghd;w cd; fz;fs; nfhOj;j md;dg;gwitia Nghd;w khh;gfq;fs; ePzL ; epiyf;Fk; n[hypf;fpd;w gpufhrk; M... nuhb ngz;Nz> ,uj;jpdGup thdj;jpy; Gyg;gLk; KO epyNt

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nrhy; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L 2007

skD

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nrhy; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L 2007

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nrhy; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L 2007

skD mz;ikapy; rt+jp mNugpahtpy; rpwpa Foe;ijia fOj; J neupj; J nfhiy nra; j jhf $wp nfhiyf; F w; w k; rhl; l g; g l; L kuzjz; l id tpjpj;J jPu;g;gspf;fg;gl;Ls;s e..;gPf; tof;F rpwe;j vLj; J f; f hl; l hFk( jpdKuR> Mb>19 - 25 >2007>gf;fk;.7). mj;NjhL fhzhky; Nghjy;fs;> kuzk; Nghd;wd epfOk;NghJ cz;ikahd ngau; tpguq; f s; ,y; y hj fhuzj; j hy; rupahd jfty;fisg; ngwKbahJk; Nghfpd;wJ. kw;Wk; Gyk;ngau;eJ ; nrd;w gpd;du; xg;ge;j mbg;gilapy; Kftu;fSf;fhd fl;lzk;> Mtzr; nryTfs;> gpuahzr; nryTfs; vdf; fhuzk; fhl; b ,tu; f spd; Cjpaj; j pd; ngUk; g Fjp mgfupf; f g; g Lfpd; w J. ,t; t hW mwpahik fhuzkhf mg; g htp kf; f s; Vkhw; w g; g Lfpd; w nra;jpfis ehshe;j nra;jpj; jhs;fspd; thapyhf mwpaf; $bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Gyk;ngau;e;J njhopy; GupAk; gzpg;ngz;fs; vjpu;nfhs;fpd;w Kf;fpakhd gpur;rpid nkhop njhlu;ghditahFk;. mjhtJ mtu;fs; NgRfpd;w nkhop guPr;rakw;w xd;whFk;. ,jdhy; $Wtijg; Gupe;J nfhs;sf; $ba epiy ,Ug;gjpy;iy. jkf;F vjpuhd Jd; G Wj; j y; f is Kiwapl Kbahj #o;epiyia ,tu;fs; vjpu;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. mj;NjhL Mtzq; f is tP l ; L v[khdu; f s; jhNk itj;jpUg;gjhy; gzaf; ifjpfs; NghyNt ,tu;fs; tho;e;J tUfpd;wdu;. tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; mNefkhf Nghjpa czT toq; f g; g lhJ elhj; j g; g Lfpd; w du; . v[khdu; f spd; ghypay; Jd;GWj;jy;fs;> fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gl;l clYwT Nghd; w tw; w hYk; td; K iwf; F cl; g Lj; j g; g Lfpd; w du; . ngUk; g hyhd ngz; f Sf; F cWjpaspf; f g; g l; l njhopy; fpilg; g jpy; i y. mbikfs; Nghy elhj;jg;gLfpd;wdu;. Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F vd;W xg; g e; j mbg; g ilapy; njhopyhsu; f s; mDg; g g; g Ltjhy; Ntiyia ,ilapy; tpl; L tpl; L tuKbahj #oYk; > flTr; r P l ; L cl;gl;l Mtzq;fs; jq;fsplk; ,y;yhikAk;> GjpanjhU Cupy; nkhop njupahj fhuzj;jhy; Vw;gLfpd;w mr;rk; kw;Wk; jq;fspd; FLk;gj;jpd; tWik epiy> Kftu;fspd; fld; njhy;iy Nghd;w fhuzq; f is vz; z p mq; N fNa jq; f papUe; J Jd;gq;fis vjpu;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. NkYk; jhq;fs; ,t; t hwhdnjhU #oypy; rpf; F z; l ij ,g; n gz; f s; czu; e ; J nfhs; s Nt fhyk; nry;fpd;wJ. jkJ #o;epiyiag; Gupe;J nfhz;L jha; e hL jpUk; g Kaw; r p nra; j ngz; f s; v[khdu;fshy; td;Kiwf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l re; j u; g ; g q; f s; gy epfo; e ; J s; s d. mz; i kf; fhyj;jpy; kj;jpafpof;F ehLfSf;Fr; nrd;w ngz; njhopyhsu; f s; re; N jfkhd Kiwapy; ,we; J NghdJk>; gpd; G mtu; f spd; cly; f s; rP y ; itf;fg;gl;l ngl;bfspy; jpUg;gpaDgg;gl;lJk; me;j cly;fs; gpNuj gupNrhjid nra;ag;gl;l NghJ cs;sf cWg;gf;fs; mfw;wg;gl;bUg;gij itj;jpau;fs; fz;Lgpbj;jikAk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. rpq;fg;G+Uf;F tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; Ntiyf;F mDg;Gtjhff; $wp tpiy khju; tpLjp xd;wpw;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l ,U ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs; mq;fpUe;J jg;gp te;Js;sdu;. ,tu;fis tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; flj;jpr; nrd;W ghypay; ty;YwT nfhz;ljhf $wg;gLk; Ie;J egu;fisAk; mjw;F cjtpa ,U ngz;fisAk; ngz;fs; nghyp]; kw;Wk; rpWtu; gzpafk; ifJ nra;J ePjpkd;wpy; M[u; nra; j ijaLj; J mtu; f s; tpsf; f kwpaypy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;. mDuhjGuj; j pd; Ntiy tha; g ; G Kftu; epiyankhd;wpd; %yk; nfhOk;Gg; gpuNjrj;ijr; Nru;e;j xUtupd; ez;gu; %yNk Nkw;gb ngz;fs; ,UtUk; rpq;;fg;G+upy; Ntiy tha;g;igg; ngw;Wr; nrd;Ws;sdu;. jhk; tpiykhju; tpLjp xd;wpw;F te; j pUg; g ij njupe; J nfhz; l mt; t pUtUk; mq;fpUe;J jg;gp ,yq;ifj; mtu; f s; fl; L ehaf; f h tpkhd epiyaj; i j te; j ile; j gpd; d u; mq; f pUe; j rpy egu; f shy; flj;jg;gl;ldu;. (gputhfpdp> ,jo; 24> khu;fop 2006.) Gyk;ngau; ngz;fs; kPjhd flj;jy;fs;> nfhiy> ghypay; ty; Y wT kw; W k; Ruz; l y; f s; Nghd;wtw;iw jLf;Fk; Nehf;fj;NjhL ngz;fs; kw;Wk; rpWkpfs; njhlu;gpyhd tQ;rf;flj;jy;; vd;w ifE}iy ru;tNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk; 2006 ,y; ntspapl;Ls;sJ. me;j EhypNy ngz;fs; kw;Wk; rpWkpfisg; ghjpf;Fk; cyfshtpa gpur;rpidahf tQ;rf; flj;jiy Fwpg;gpl;L tQ;rf;flj;jyhdJ vt;thwhd #o;epiyapy; epfo;fpd;wJ vd;gij njspTgLj;JfpwJ. Gyk; n gau; e ; J nry; Y k; Copau; f Sf; f hd ghJfhg; i g cWjpg; g Lj; J k; nghUl; L rT+jp mNugpa murhq; f khdJ ,yq; i fapy; jfty; epiyankhd;iw epWtpAs;sJ. ,yq;ifau;fSf;F mjpfstpy; Ntiy tha;gG ; fis toq;Fk; ehL vd;w tifapy;> ,yq;ifapy; ,Ue;J rT+jp mNugpahtpw;F Ntiyf;F nry;gtu;fSf;F mtu;fsJ cupikfs;> nghWg; G fs; > rT+jp mNugpa fyhrhuk; Nghd;wtw;iw ,e;epWtdk; vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;wJ. rT+jp mNugpahtpw;F njhopYf;fhf nry;gtu;fs; Fwpg;ghfg; ngz;fs; mq;Fs;s epiyikfisg; Gupe;J nfhs;sTk;> mq;F mtu;fs; vt;thW ele;J nfhs;tjw;f;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwhu;fs; kw;Wk; njhopy; toq; F du; njhlu; g hd gpioahd 29 13

nrhy; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L 2007

skD Gupjy; f is njspTgLj; J tjhfTk; ,J mike; J s; s J. njhopyhsu; f spd; cupikfs; > nghWg;Gfs; njhlu;ghd njspT+l;ly;fs;> cjtp Njitg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; njhlu;G nfhs;s Ntz;ba ,lq;fs; Nghd;w tpsf;fq;fs; rT+jp mNugpa tpkhd epiyaj; j py; tpNrl thapy; f spy; mike; J s; s $lq;fspy; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. 1994 Mk; Mz;L Njrpa njhopyhsu; fhq;fpu]; vd;w njhopw;rq;fj;jpd; jiyikapy; Gyk;ngau; Nrit epiyak; Njhw; W tpf; f g; g l; l J. ,jd; gpujhd Nehf;fk; ntspehl;L Ntiy tha;g;ig ehbr; nry;Nthu;> Fwpg;ghf ngz;fs; vjpu;nfhs;Sk; Fwpg; g pl; l rpy gpur; r pidfSf; F j; jP u ; T fhZtjhFk;. ,e;j Gyk;ngau; Nrit epiyakhdJ mfpy ,yq;if Rje;jpu njhopw;rq;f nglNu\Dld; (ACFFTU) ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J r%f ePjpf;fhd gupe;Jiufspd; epkpj;jk; gy;NtW mZF Kiwfis Nkw; n fhz; l Jld; Gyk; n gau; tsq;fisg; nghUshjhu tYT+l;lypd; nghUl;L mzpjpul;baJ. nghJkf;fSldhd fye;Jiuahly;fs; %yk; Gyk; ngau;Jiw vjpu;nfhz;Ls;s mbg; g ilg; gpur; r pidfis rthYld; vjpu;nfhz;ldu;. ,tw;wpy; murhq;fk; Kd;itj;j tuT nryTj; jpl;l Kd;nkhopfis mz;ikapy; gFg; g ha; T nra; j ik Fwpg; g plj; j f; f jhFk; . ACFFTU kw;Wk; GUnry;]py; mike;Js;s cyfj; njhopy; nglNu\d; Mfpatw;Wld; fhzg;gLk; neUf;fj;jpd; fhuzkhf ,jd; eltbf;iffis ePz;l fhyj;jpw;f;F nfhz;L nry;y KbAk; vd;w ek; g pf; i fAld; nraw; g Lfpd; w J. Gyk; n gau; mikg; G fisj; njhopyhsu; mikg; G fSld; xz;wpizg;gJ ,jd; gpujhd Nehf;fkhFk;. cs; @ u; kw; W k; ntspA+upy; tP l ; L g; gzpg;ngz;fshf Ntiy nra;fpd;w ngz;fs; rpyuplk; ciuahba NghJ mtu; f s; jkJ mDgtj; j pD}lhf $wpa fUj; J fs; ,q; N f jug; g Lfpd; w d. mj; N jhL jhk; njhopy; Gupar; nry; t jw; f hd fhuzq; f s; gw; w pAk mtu; f s; njspTgLj;Jfpd;wdu;. rp. ypq;Nf];tup taJ 20> gbg;G - Mz;L 10 jha;> je;ij ,UtUk; vdf;F ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. je;ij muprp Miyapy; Ntiy nra;fpwhu;. vdJ jhahu; mz; i kapy; ntspA+Uf; F tP l ; L g; gzpg;ngz;zhf nrd;Ws;shu;. ,U rNfhjuh;fs; gbg;gpid Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. trjpapd;ikahy; vdJ gbg;G ,il epWj;jg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. jw;NghJ njfptisapy; tPlL ; g; gzpg;ngz;zhf khjk;; 4000 &gh rk;gsj;jpw;F Ntiy nra;J tUfpd;N;wd;. 30 30 ,tu; jhd; njhopy; nra; a te; j jw; f hz fhuzq;fisf; $Wk; NghJ je;ij njhopy; epkpj;jk; ntspaplj;jpy; jq;fp ,Ug;gjhYk>; jha; kj;jpa fpof;F ehl;by; njhopy; GuptjhYk;> tPl;by; tajhd ghl;b kl;LNk trpg;gjhy; ,sk; tajpidAila fhuzj;jhy; jhd; ghJfhg;Gf; fUjp njhopy; Njb te;jjhf Fwpg;gpl;lhu;. mj;NjhL khjk; khjk; rpWnjhif tUkhdk; fpilg;gjhy; jpUg;jpailtjhfTk; mtu; NkYk; njuptpj;jhu;. Nrh. tre;jp taJ 39> gbg;G - 5 vdf;F MW gps;isfs; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. Ie;J Ngu; jpUkzk; Kbj;J tpl;lhu;fs;. filrp kfd; kl;Lk; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;. vdJ fztUf;F kJg; gof;fk;> NtW ngz;fSld; njhlu;G ,Ug;gjhy; gpupe;J tho;fpd;Nwd;. ehd; tPLfSf;Fr; nrd;W ciof;Fk; gzj;jpy; mtu; Fbg;gjhy; jpdKk; rz;il tUk;. gzk; nfhLf;fhtpl;lhy; vd;id mbj;Jj; Jd;GWj;Jthu;. vdJ epiyik njupe;jtu;fs; jq;fs; tPLfspy; Ntiyf; F miog; g hu; f s; . jpdKk; Ntiyf; F nrd; W tUfpd; N wd; ; . ehd; ahiuAk; ek; g p thotpy;iy. uhzp gyhq;nfhilia trpg;gplkhff; nfhz;ltu;. taJ 29> gbg;G - 8 vdJ fztu; vd;id iftpl;Ltpl;L NtnwhU ngz;Zld; njhlu;G nfhz;Ls;shu;. vdf;F ,U ngz; gps;isfs; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. vdJ jhahUld; gps; i sfs; trpf; f pd; w du; . kj; j pa fpof; F ehnlhd; W f; F Ntiy Njbr; nry; f pd; N wd; . gps;isfspd; tUq;fhyj;ij kdjpy; nfhz;L Ntiyf; F nry; y Ntz; b a fl; l hak; vdf; F cz;L. mtu;fs; ,g;NghJ rpW gps;isfs;. MfNt gbg; g pf; f Ntz; L k; . gUt taJ miltjw; F Kd;du; ehd; CUf;F jpUk;gp te;J tpLNtd;. ,lk; fk;kLt taJ 34> gbg;g Mz;L 2> fztd; - Njapiyj; Njhl;lj;jpy; Ntiy vdf; F xU kfSk; ,uz; L kfd; f Sk; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. ehd; xd;gJ tUlq;fshf ntspA+upy; Ntiy nra;Js;Nsd;. Kjypy; Fitw; ehl;by; Ntiy ghu;j;Njd;. mq;F ,uz;L tUl xg;ge;j mbg; g ilapy; nrd; N wd; . Mdhy; fhyk; Kbtile;Jk; $l tPl;Lf;fhu;fs; vd;id ehL jpUk; g mDkjpf; f tpy; i y. fl; l hag; g Lj; j p

nrhy; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L 2007

skD itj;jpUe;jhu;fs;. nkhopg; gpur;rid fhuzkhf vd;dhy; vJTk; nra;a KbahjpUe;jJ. filrpapy; xU ehs; mtu;fsplk; nrhy;yhkNyNa ,yq;ifj; J}jufj; j py; nrd; W jQ; r kile; N jd; . fhty; Jiwapdupd; cjtpAld; gzpGupe;j tPl;Lf;Fr; nrd; w NghJ vdJ clikfs; Nrhjid nra;ag;gl;bUe;jd. Nrfupj;J itj;j ngWkjpahd nghUl;fs; jug;gltpy;iy. gioa rhkhd;fs; kl;LNk ,Ue;jd. mjd; gpd;G J}jufk; %ykhf ,yq;iff;F te;jile;Njd;. vdJ FLk; g j; j pd; nghUshjhu epiyia cj;Njrpj;J kPz;Lk; kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfSf;F Ntiy Njbr; nry;fpd;Nwd;. nkhopg; gpur;rid> Ntiyg;gO> FLk;gj;ijg; gpupe;jpUf;fpd;w #o;epiy Nghd;wd fhzg;gl;lhYk; tUkhdj;jpd; epkpj;jk; Ntiyf;Fg; Nghf Ntz;ba fl;lhak; vdf;F cz;L. ,q;fpUe;J nfhz;L njhopy; nra;tjhy; Nghjpa tUkhdk; fpilg;gjpy;iy. MfNt vdJ gps;isfspd; tUq;fhyj;ij kdjpy; nfhz;L njhopy; Gupe;J tUfpd;Nwd;. Ffepjp FfNerd;

f dtpy; ,Lq;fpa gLf;ifaiwf; fjitj; jpwe;J

fhw;Wk; ntspr;rKk; eWkzKk; ntspr;rj; jlhfj;jpy; gRikj; jhkiuapiyapy; glu;fpwJ ghjp J}q;fpa Foe;ijiaj; js;spf; fplj;jp cupik ehl;Lgtdy;y mtd;. mtd; fz;zpy; re;jpud;> cjl;by; re;jd ,iyfs;> tpuy;fs; kioj;Jspfs;> khu;gpy; md;gpd; tpk;ky;> mizg;gpy; #upad;> euk;Gfspy; rq;fPjk;> ckpo; ePupy; GJg;ghy;kzk;. mtdJ ypq;fk; rpwF Kisj;JaUk; gwitahf mtis Mfhaj;jpYau;j;JfpwJ. jhkiuapjo; Nghd;w ehthy; mtd; mtis xU jha;g;gR Nghy Jtl;Lfpwhd; cjLfs; Kiyf;fz;fisj; NjLfpd;wd. mtsJ gLf;ifaiwf;F Rtu;fSk; ,Wf;fKk; rypg;Gkpy;yhjjhfpwJ fdtpy;. fdtpy;; fupGuz;l Jzpfs; jhNk Jitj;J cyu;fpd;wd. fupgpbj;j ghj;jpuq;fs; jhNk fOtp mLf;Ffpd;wd. vr;rpy; gw;Wk; jPrYk; ke;jpu tpj;ij Nghy Fg;igf; Fop Nehf;fpg; gwf;fpd;wd jsq;fs; ntSj;J kpspu;fpd;wd ahNu $e;jiy Kbe;J G+r;#Lfpwhu;fs;

rpwpa fupGuz;l cyfpy; ngz;zpd; fdT

G+ty;y el;rj;jpuq;fs; gioa Milfis cUtpnaLj;J Gjpa Milf;Fg; gjpyhf twz;l rUkj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf xspUKly; nfhLf;fpwhu;fs;... ngw;Wj; jsu;e;j tapw;Wf;Ff; fpspr; rpwfpd; kpDkpDg;Gk; njha;e;J rupe;j KiyfSf;Fg; gjpyhf kju;j;j ntz;ke;jhug; G+f;fSk; ,jopy;; thiog;G+tpd; ,dpg;Gk; FspUk; ke;jpuf;Nfhyhy; ahNu tbj;j fd;dpr; rpw;gk; Mdhy; fdT KbAk; NghJ gbNawp tUtJ ghYk; ghj;jpuKk;... NjdPUf;fhf KdFk; gPbf;fiwNawpa cjl;bd; Fspu;e;j Kj;jKk;.

ed;wp - ngz;topfs;;
(jkpopy; - RFkhud;)

nrhy; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L 2007

31 13

skD

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WA

k; k h..." 'vd;dk;kh...nrhy;Y..." 'nfhQ;rk; ,U...ehd; ,e;j Ntyia Kbr;rpw;W thwd;. ,j xUf;fh J}f;fp mq;fhy it gps;s...!" ',y;yk;kh...vdf;F gbf;f Kbahk...." 'vd;d...kdR xUq;fpizr;R gbf;f Vyhk ,Uf;fh...? Ngha;]; VjhtJ nrhy;Ywhq;fsh?" 'k;..." ',Q;rghu; N\hgdh....mk;kh ehd; ,Uf;fpwd;. cdf;F kdrpy vd;d Njhd;wpdhYk; vd;dl;l nrhy;Y...rpy Nts cdf;Ff; $l kdrpy Njhd;wpwJ vd;ndz;L njupahk ,Uf;Fk;. ,jg;gj;jp ehd; KjypNyNa fijf;f ,y;y. cdf;F xU gpur;rpid tNuf;f jhd; mj ehd; cdf;F tpsf;fg;gLj;j KbAk; vz;L ,Ue;jdhd;." ,g;g eP taRf;F te;j gps;s. cd;u clk;G xU Foe;ijia cUthf;f jahuhfp ,Uf;FJ. ,jdhy clk;gpy NtwNtw N`hNkd;]; Ruf;fj; njhlq;fp ,Uf;F. ,J Mz;fspy xU ftu;r;rpa Vw;gLj;Jk;. eP ghu;f;fpw glq;fs;> thrpf;fpw Gj;jfq;fs;> kw;whf;fspd;u fijas; vy;yhj;ijAk; 'Mz;" vd;gtd; cd;d ghJfhf;fpwtdhfTk;> cd;dpy md;G nrYj;JfpwtdhfTk; njupthd;. xU gpbj;j Mzplk; ve;NeuKk; fijf;f NtZk; Nghy ,Uf;Fk;. mtd; cdf;fhf nra;apw rpd;dr; rpd;d cjtpfs; cd;id mg;gbNa mtdplk; md;G nfhs;sitf;Fk;. mtDk; cd;dpy; md;GlDk;> gupTlDk;> Vd; cdf;F rupahd ghJfhg;G jUgtdhfTk; cd;Dld; goFthd;. gpwF ePq;fs; cq;fl cq;fl tPl;l Nghd gpwF mz;ilf;F ele;j ciuahly;> fijr;r tpjk; vy;yhj;ijAk; epidr;R epidr;R re;Njh\g;gLtPq;fs;. ,e;j tarpy vd;d elf;FJ vz;lh....cq;fl clypy; Vw;gl;bUf;fpw khw;wk; cq;fl czu;tpyAk; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;j J}z;LJ. mg;gjhd; ePq;fs; ehd; vj nra;ayhk;. vj nra;af;$lhJ vz;l rpe;jidf;Fs;s tu NtZk;. gbg;gpy nrytopf;f Ntz;ba cq;fl vz;zq;fs; cq;fl clypd;gbAk;> czu;tpd;gbAk; ghu;g;git> Nfl;git %yKk; kpf ,yFthf Mz;ngz; ftu;r;rpapy; epd;W re;Njh\k; milaj; njhlq;fptpLk;. ,jdhy vq;fs; xt;nthUtuplKk; ,Uf;ff;$ba tpiykjpf;f Kbahj MSikfs; ,ay;ghf vy;yh capupdq;fSf;Fs;Sk; ,Uf;Fk; czu;TfSf;Fs; kl;Lk; epd;W tpLk;. ekJ vz;zq;fis MSikfshf;fp jpwikfis ntspg;gLj;j Mz;ngz; <u;g;G vz;zq;fis ehk; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

32 32

nrhy; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L 2007

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cdf;Fj; njupAk; gpuk;krupa tpujk; ,Ue;J vkJ Kdptu;fs;> jtrpfs; kpfg;ngupa Qhdq;fis mile;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. mq;Nf vd;d ele;jpUf;fpwJ....? jkJ Mz;ngz; cwtpy; ,Uf;ff;$ba khngUk; rf;jpia> czu;it> vz;zq;fis xUKfg;gLj;jp NtW xd;Wf;F mtu;fs; gad;gLj;jpAs;shu;fs;. me;j rf;jpa gad;gLj;jp ,t;tsT ngupa rf;jpahf Mf;f KbAnkd;why;> ehk; xU nfhQ;rf; fhyj;jpw;F jpUkz taJ tUk;tiuAk; xU rpd;d tplakhd fy;tpapy; me;j vz;zq;fisr; nrYj;jp ntw;wp fhzyhk; jhNd..." 'mg;g...Ngha;];Nrhl fijf;fhk ,Uf;NfhZkh mk;kh?" ',y;y eP fj....Mdh vd;d fijf;fpwha; vd;gJ jhd; Kf;fpak;. cd; ghltplaq;fs;> nghJ tplaq;fs;> elg;Gfs; gw;wp fijj;J ey;y el;ig Vw;gLj;jyhk;. Mdhy;> cdJ jdpg;gl;l czu;T tplaq;fis> cd; rhu;e;j vz;zq;fis mtDld; gfpu;e;J nfhs;shNj. mtd; mJ gw;wp fijf;f te;jhYk;> ,J mtutu; jdpg;gl;l tplak;. ,ij cq;fs; Mz; ez;gu;fsplNkh> mk;kh> mg;ghtplNkh gfpu;e;J nfhs;Sq;fs; vdr; nrhy;. mjw;FNky; vJTk; fijf;fhNj. me;j ,lj;ij tpl;L tpyF. xUNghJk; ,uz;Lf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz; NjhopfSld; eP epd;W fij..." 'mk;kh....vd;u gpud;Rf;nfy;yhk; Ngha; gpud;]; ,Uf;F....mtq;f mitNahl fijg;ghq;f." 'rup....mtq;fSf;F mtq;fl mk;kh...mg;ghNthl ,g;gb kdk; tpl;L fijf;f Kbahk ,Uf;fyhk;. cdf;F vy;yhtw;iwAk; vd;Ndhl fijf;f VYk; jhNd....mNj Neuk gbg;gpy Mokh ,Uf;f Ntz;ba vz;zq;fs; ,g;gb rpjWwJ cdf;F tpUg;gkh? rup...eP ,g;gb Nahrp...eP fhZw tpraq;fs;> thrpf;fpw tpraq;fis gFj;Jg;ghu;. vJ rup? vJ gpio? vJ ey;yJ? vJ $lhJ? ,g;gbg; ghf;Nff;f..." 'cd;Dila tpUg;gj;jpw;F kl;Lky;yhky; vq;fs; FLk;gk;>r%fk;> ghlrhiy vd;W gy klq;FfspYk; itj;Jg;ghu;. gbf;fpw ,e;j tarpy ePq;f Muha NtzbaJ epiwa ,Uf;F. mjtpl;bl;L ,ay;gh ,Uf;fpw xU tpraj;jpy ,e;j tarpy cldbahf ,wq;fp Muha;r;rp gz;z NtZkh?"

nrhy; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L 2007

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34 34 nrhy; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L 2007

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ngah;$mikg;G ( Kfthp (
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g+h;j;jpnra;ag;gl;l tpz;zg;gg; gbtq;fis mDg;gpitf;f Ntz;ba Kfthp : Women and Media Collective, 174, Alwis Avenue, Off Castle Street, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka. fhNrhiyfs; Women and Media Collective vd;w ngaUf;F Gothami Road Sub Post Office ,y; khw;wf;$bathW mDg;gpitf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
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