1.

0 tshpsk; ngz;fs; - mwpKfk;

nfhQ;rp tpisahLk; Foe;ijg; gUtj;jpw;F mLj;J tUtJ tshpsk; gUtkhFk;.
tshpsk; ngz;gUtk; vd;gJ Foe;ijg; gUtj;jpw;Fk; ,sik gUtj;jpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l
fhykhFk;. mjhtJ ngz;fspy; 13 taJ Kjy; 19 tajpdh; tiuAs;sth;fs;; tsh; ,sk;gUtj;jpdh;
Mth;. jw;nghOJ cs;s fhy fl;lj;jpy; ngz;fspd; gUtk; milAk; tajhdJ 10 taJ Kjy;
Jtq;FfpwJ. vdNt Foe;ij gUtj;jpNyNa mth;fs; tsh;,sk;ngz; gUtj;ij milfpd;wdh;.
NkYk; kdhPjpahf 20 tajpidmile;jth;fs; tsh; ,sk; ngz;fshfNt cs;sdh;. vdNt
tsh;,sk;ngz; gUtk; vd;gJ 10 taJ Kjy; 20 tajpid cilath;fs; Mth;. ,e;j gUtj;jpdh;
Foe;ijAk; my;y tsh;e;j ngz;fSk; my;y> Mdhy; ,uz;bw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l gUtk; MFk;.
,e;j gUtj;jpw;F cl;gl;lth;fs; jq;fs; ahh; vd;W milahsk; fhz;gjw;F rpukg;gl;Lf;
nfhz;bUg;ghh;fs;. tsh; ,sk; gUtj;jpy; cly; hPjpahfTk; kdhPjpahfTk; gy;NtW
khw;wq;fs; xt;nthUtUf;Fs;Sk; epfOk;. clypd; cauk; $Lk;. Ngr;rpYk; nraypYk;
Foe;ijj; jdk; FiwAk;. ,Jtiu FLk;gj;jpw;Fs;NsNa tyk; te;jth;fs; tPl;ilAk; jhz;b ntsp
cyfj;jpw;F tu Jbg;ghh;fs;. ,g;gUtj;jpy; ey;y xOf;fj;ijAk; rpe;jidAk; ey;y cly;
kw;Wk; kdMNuhf;fpak; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzh;T kw;Wk; fy;tp fpilg;gJ kpfTk;
Kf;fpak;. mjpy; ngw;Nwhh;fSk; Mrphpah;fSk; r%fKk; ngUk; gq;F tfpf;fpwJ.
nkhj;j kf;fs; njhifapy; 16.75 rjtPjk; tshpsk; ngz;fshFk;.
1.1 tshpsk;ngz;fs; - ,d;iwa epiy
Ke;ija fhyq;fspy; ngUk;ghyhd ngz;fs; ngw;NwhiuNa rhh;e;J ,Ue;J
gpd;dh; kzKbj;j gpd; fztiuAk; FLk;gj;ijANk rhh;e;J ,Ue;jdh;. Vwj;jho 90
rjptPjk; fpuhkq;fis mjpfkhf nfhz;Ls;s ek; ehl;by; njhiyf; fhl;rpg; ngl;b>
nry;Nghd; Nghd;w Clfq;fs; gy jfty;fis tPLj; Njb nfhz;L nry;tjhy;;> fpuhkg;Gwk;
vd;Nwh efu;Gwk; vd;Nwh gphpf;f Kbahj mstpy; tshpsk ;ngz;fspilNa vy;yh
jfty;fSk; nrd;wilfpd;wd. ,e;j gUt epiyia Foe;ijfs; milAk; NghJ mth;fspd;
nray;ghL> vz;zq;fs; kw;Wk; Ngr;Rfspy; gy khWjy;fs; Njhd;Wk; ,jidf; fz;L
ngw;Nwhh;fs; mjpfk; Fog;gk; milth; kw;Wk; gak; nfhs;th;. Vnddpy; jq;fspd;
Foe;ijfspd; eltbf;ifapy; Vw;gLk; gy khw;wq;fs; jq;fspd; ,sk;gUt eltbf;ifapy;
,Ue;J NtWgLtNj. jw;rkak; jq;fSila tpUg;gg;gbNa Rje;jpukhf nray;gl
epidf;fpwhh;fs;. jdpj;JtkhfTk; ijhparhypahfTk; jq;fis vz;zp> ngw;Nwhh;fspd;
md;igAk; MNyhridfisAk; jtph;f;fg;ghh;f;fpwhh;fs;. cz;Zk; czitAk; cLj;Jk;
cilapidAk; etehfhPf tifapy; jq;fspd; tpUg;gg;gb jPh;khdpf;fpwhh;fs;. jw;rkak;
ngw;Nwhh;fSf;F xd;W my;yJ ,U Foe;ijfis nfhz;bUg;gjhy;> jq;fs; Foe;ijfSf;F
mjpf nry;yk; nfhLj;J ngw;Nwhh;fNs jq;fspd; Foe;ijfis mth;fs; tpUk;gpa gb
nray;gl mDkjpf;fpd;wdh;. tsh; ,sk;ngz;fs; tpsk;gu Nkhfj;jpw;F Ml;gl;L
tpsk;gug;gLj;jg;gLk; czTg; nghUl;fs;> moF rhjdg; nghUl;fs;> Milfs; thq;fpj; ju
ngw;Nwhh;fis tw;GWj;Jfpd;wdh;. mth;fSf;F mg;nghUl;fis gad;gLj;Jtjhy;
Vw;gLk; gpd; tpisTfis mwpahjth;fshf cs;sdh;.
2.0 tshpsk;ngz;fs; elj;ij khw;wq;fs;
Foe;ijAk; my;yhky; ,sk; ngz;zhfTk; ,y;yhky; ,ilg;gl;l tshpsk;ngz;fs;
vg;NghJk; vijAk; Ghpahj Fok;gpa kdepiyapy; ,Ug;gh;. vJ ey;yJ vJ nfl;lJ vd;W
mwpahj taJs;s ,th;fs; jq;fs; kdjpy; Njhd;Wk; vy;yh MirfisAk; epiwNtw;w
Ntz;Lk; vd;w kdepiyapy; ,Ug;gh;. jq;fspd; Mirf;F vjph; kiwahf epfOk;
epfo;r;rpfSf;F vspjpy; ,th;fs; czh;r;rp trg;gl;L NfhgkhfTk; mOifahfTk; jq;fs;
kdepiyia ntspg;gLj;Jth;. mjpfkhd re;Njh\j;ijAk; ntw;wpfisAk; jq;fspd;
ngw;Nwhh;fsplk; gfph;e;J nfhs;tij tpl NjhopfsplNk gfph;e;J nfhs;th;. ,th;fSf;F
mwpTiufis toq;Fgth;fis fz;lhy; ntWg;G Vw;gLtNjhL kl;Lky;yhky; mth;fis
Nfypf;$j;jhf;Ffpd;wdh;. ngw;Nwhh;fis tpl;L jdpikapy; ,Uf;f tpUk;Gth;.
jpiug;glk; kw;Wk; njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfq;fspy; tUk; jq;fSf;F gpbj;j ebfh; ebiffisg;
Nghy jq;fspd; eil> cil ghtidfis khw;wp> jq;fspd; nray;ghLfis kw;wth;fis <h;f;Fk;
tz;zk; khw;wpf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. ez;gh;fSld; mjpf Neuj;jpid nrytopf;f
tpUk;Gfpd;wdh;. jq;fSf;nfd cwq;Ftjw;F jdp miwAk; jq;fs; kdjpy; mjpf
,ufrpaq;fisAk; nfhz;bUg;gh;. ngw;Nwhh;fsplk; jq;fs; FLk;gj;jpy; epfOk;
ghuk;ghpa gof;ftof;fq;fisg; gw;wp mjpf Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;L tpthjk; nra;th;. jq;fSf;F
midj;Jk; njhpAk; vd;w kdg;Nghf;fpidNa nfhz;bUg;gh;. Mdhy; midtUNk nry;
Nghd; cgNahfk; gw;wp njhpe;Js;sdh;. vjph; ghypd <h;g;G mjpfk; ngw;Ws;s
,th;fs; ngw;wth;fis tpl kw;wth;fsplNk mjpfk; ek;Gk; vz;zj;ij nfhz;Ls;sdh;.
jq;fSila rf Njhopfs; my;yJ rpy taJ %j;j NjhopfspilNaahd cwTfisNa nghpjhf
epidj;J el;gpw;Nf Kjy; chpik vd;w fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; cs;sdh;.

2.1 czT Kiw

ngUk;ghyhd ,t;taJila ngz;fs; mofpw;Nf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fpd;wdh;. jq;fis
moF gLj;Jtjw;F vd gy kzp Neuq;fis nrytpLtNjhL kl;Lky;yhky; Njitapy;yhj moF
rhjdg; nghUl;fis thq;fpf;Ftpf;fpd;wdh;. mNjhL kl;Lky;yhky; moFepiyak; nrd;W
jq;fis moF gLj;jpf; nfhs;sNtz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; ngUk;ghNyhUf;Fj; Njhd;WfpwJ.
rj;jhd kw;Wk; rhptpfpj czTfs; jhd; jq;fSila clypd; mofpw;Fk;
MNuhf;fpaj;jpw;Fk; Kf;fpak; vd;gJ gw;wpa vz;zj;ij cUthf;f kWf;fpwhh;fs;.
xy;ypahf ,Ug;gJ jhd; moF vd;W xUrpyh; epidj;J cz;Zk; cztpd; msitf; Fiwj;J
jq;fspd; MNuhf;fpaj;ij Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. Clfq;fspy; tUk; tpsk;gu ebiffisg;
Nghy jhq;fSk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w kha cyfj;jpidNa ek;Gfpd;wdh;. NkYk;
ez;gh;fSld; Nrh;e;J czT tpLjpfspy; Jhpj czTfis cz;Zk; gof;fq;fis cUthf;fp
nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. NkYk; jq;fspd; cwtpdh;fis tpl njhiyf;fhl;rp > fzpdp kw;Wk;
nry;Nghd;fspilNa nghOij Nghf;Ffpd;wdh;. ,J Nghd;w rkaq;fspy; kpd;dZ
rhjdq;fis ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;Nl Jhpj cztpid cl;;nfhz;L jq;fspd; clypd; viliaf; $l;bf;
nfhs;fpd;wdh;. cztpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid czuhky; clYf;F ciog;gpid nfhLf;fhky; Jhpj
czTfis fpuhkg;Gw khztpfSk; cl;;nfhs;tjhy; rj;Jg; gw;whf;Fiw Neha; Vw;gLfpwJ.
Kd;ngy;yhk; rpW jhdpaq;fshfpa fk;G > Nfs;tuF kw;Wk; Nrhsk; Nghd;wtw;iwg;
gad;gLj;jp te;jdh;. NkYk; ,sk;gUtj;jpdUf;Fj; Njitahd ,Uk;Gr;rj;J kpf;f
czTfshfTk; rpw;Wz;bfshfTk; toq;fp te;jdh;. jw;rkak; gpuha;yh; Nfhop fwpfisNa
mjpfkhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wdh;. Qhapw;Wfpoik MdhNy gz;izf; Nfhopfs; thq;fp
cz;fpwhh;fs;. ,g;gz;izf; NfhopahdJ nghhpj;j FQ;rpypUe;J nghpa fwpf;Nfhopahf
ntWk; ehw;gJ ehl;fspy; tsh;e;J tpLfpwJ. mj;jifa nghpa Nfhopahf tsUtjw;F
tsh;r;rp nehjpfs; Crp %yk; Vw;wg;gLfpwJ. mt;thW cs;s gz;izf; fwpf;Nfhopfis
mjpfk; tpUk;gp cz;fpwhh;fs;. mjdhy; mjpfkhd cly; tsh;r;rpia ngWfpwhh;fs;.
NkYk; ntWk; khTr;rj;Jg; nghUl;fSk; vz;izapy; nghhpj;j czTfSf;FNk Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
nfhLf;fpd;wdh; ,sk;gUtj;jpdh;. ,t;thW vz;izapy; nghhpj;j czTfis cz;gjdhy;
fd;dq;fspy; gUf;fs; Njhd;WtJ ,t;taJila ngz;fSf;F kpfg; nghpa jho;T kdg;ghd;ikia
Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.

2.2 cilapd; khw;wk;

cLj;Jk; cilahdJ fz;zpkhf ,Ug;gNjhL kl;Lky;yhky; clYf;F vt;tpjkhd
ghjpg;igAk; Vw;glhky; ,Ug;gJ mtrpak; vd;gij Ghpe;Jnfhs;s kWf;fpwhh;fs;.
ngUk;ghyhd ngw;Nwhh;fs; jq;fspd; f\;lq;fis jq;fspd; Foe;ijfSf;F
njhpag;gLj;Jtjpy;iy. jq;fspd; Foe;ijfs; rpWkpahf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ mth;fspd;
tpUg;gk; Nghy cilfis thq;fpnfhLj;J tpLfpd;wdh;. ,jdhy; tsh;,sk;gUtepiyapYk;
jq;fspd; epiyia Ghpe;Jnfhs;s Kbahj mth;fs; cilapd; tpraj;jpYk; Kuz;L
gpbf;fpd;wdh;. tpsk;guq;fs; kw;Wk; jq;fspd; gpbj;j ebiffs; cLj;Jk; cilapd;
mikg;gpNyNa jq;fSk; cLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; NkNyhq;Ftjhy; fz;zpak;
gw;wpa ftiyia kwe;J tpLfpd;wdh;. Foe;ijg; gUtj;jpy; Mz; ngz; vd;w ghFghlw;w
epiyiaNa ,g;gUtj;jpYk; cil mstpy; njhlh;tjhy; r%fg; gpur;ridf;F Mshf
Ntz;bAs;sJ. NkYk; ,Wf;fkhf cilazpjYk; Njitapy;yhky; gr;ir Fj;jpf;nfhs;tJk;
clYf;F jPq;Ftpistpg;gjhfNt mikfpwJ. ,sk;gUt tajpdpy; cly; tsh;r;rp mjpfkhf
,Uf;Fk;. ,g; gUtj;jpy; ,Wf;fkhd Milfis mzptjhy; tsh;r;rp jilgLtNjhL kl;Lky;yhky;
rij gpbg;ghd Neha; Vw;gl tha;g;Gs;sJ. NkYk; ngz;Foe;ijfSf;F kyl;Lj; jd;ik
Vw;gLtjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; mjpfk;. NkYk; ,g;gUtj;jpdh; rhpahd cs;shilfis mzptij
ngw;Nwhh;fs; typAWj;j Ntz;Lk;. kw;wth;fs; ek;ik cw;WNehf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w
vz;zj;jpdhNyNa jq;fspd; nrayhYk; cilayq;fhuj;jpdhYk; NtWgLj;jpfhl;lNt
epidf;fpwhh;fs;.
3.0 Ma;tpd; Nehf;fk; kw;Wk; fUJNfhs;
tshpsk;ngz;fspd; kdepiyg;ghlhdJ jq;fSf;F cz;lhFk; gpur;ridfis
kw;;wth;fspilNa ntspg;gilahf $w KbahkYk; kdjpdpNyNa ,l;L kpfTk; Fog;gkile;j
#o;epiyapNyNa ,Ug;ghh;fs;. ,g;gUtj;jpy; G+g;gilAk; ngz;fSf;F G+g;gilAk;
epfo;T gw;wpa mwptpid ahUk; Kd; $l;bNa tpsf;Ftjpy;iy. gzj;ijNa Kjd;ikahf
vz;zp Xbf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,f;fhyr; #oypy; ngw;Nwhh;fs; jq;fspd; ngz; Foe;ijfsplk;
Nghjpa mstpw;fhd Neuj;ij xJf;fp mth;fspd; czh;tpw;F kjpg;Gf;nfhLg;gjpy;iy.
,Ug;gpDk; tshpsk; ngz;fSf;fhd gpur;ridfSf;fhd re;Njfq;fis jq;fistpl %j;j
ngz;fsplk; Nfl;;Fk; NghJ $l $r;rg;gl;L tpsf;fk; mspf;f kWf;fpwhh;fs;.
3.1 Nehf;fk;
tshpsk;ngz;fs; vjph; nfhs;Sk; cly;> kdk; kw;Wk; r%f hPjpahd gpur;ridfs;
gw;wpAk; mth;fSf;fSf;fhd gpur;ridfSf;fhf jPh;TfSf;F chpa eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;s
Kaw;rpf;fg;gLtJ Kf;fpa Nehf;fkhFk;.
3.2 fUJNfhs;
jw;rkak;;; gzj;jpw;Nf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J ngw;Nwhh;fs; jq;fspd;
Foe;ijfSld; Nghjpa mstpw;fhd Neuj;ijf; fopg;gjpy;iy. Foe;ijfSk; gfy; nghOjpy;
gs;spf;Fr; nrd;Wk; > rha;e;jpu Neuq;fspy; ez;gh;fSld; tpisahbAk; nry;Nghd;>
kbf;fzpdp kw;Wk; njhiyf;fhl;rp Nghd;wtw;wpilNa nghOijg; Nghf;fpf;
nfhs;fpd;wdh;. ngw;NwhUk; tPl;L Ntiyfis Kbj;J gpd;dh; njhiyf;fhl;rpg;
ngl;bapd; Kd; mkh;e;J ehlfj;njhlh;fSf;F mbikahfpAs;sdh;. MfNt jq;fspd;
Foe;ijfsplk; Nghjpa Neuk; xJf;fhjjhy;> gps;isfspd; Njitfis rhpahd Kiwapy;
G+h;j;jp nra;aKbahky; NghfpwJ. gps;isfspd; cly; eyj;jpy; ngw;Nwhh;fspy;
gq;Nf Kjd;ikahdJ vd;gij midj;Jg; ngw;Nwhh;fSNk czu kWf;fpwhh;fs;.
gps;isfSf;F Njitahd cztpid tPl;by; nra;a Kbahky; kWf;fg;gl;L> Jhpj czTg;
nghUl;fis thq;fpf; nfhLf;fpwhh;fs;. Clf tpsk;guq;fs; ebfh; ebiffisg; Nghy
jhq;fSk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w vz;zj;jpy; jq;fis moFg;gLj;JtJk; rptg;ghf ,Ug;gJjhd;
moF vd;gJ Nghd;w vz;zq;fis kdjpy; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh;. mjdhNyNa jd;Dila
clYf;Fj; Njitahd czTfis vLj;Jf;nfhs;s ftdk; nrYj;Jtjpy;iy.
4.0 tshpsk; ngz;fspd; gpur;ridfs;
,g;gUtkhdJ xt;nthUtUf;Fk; vg;nghOJ tUk; kw;Wk; vg;nghOJ KbAk;
vd;W $wpg;gpl;Lf; $w ,ayhJ. ,e;j epiyahdJ tho;f;ifapy; Kf;fpa jUzkhfNt
mikfpwJ. ,g;gUt epiyahdJ caphpay;> cstpay; kw;Wk; r%ftpay; rhh;ghd
khw;wq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
4.1 cly; rhh;e;jg; gpur;ridfs;
,g;gUtj;jpd; Muk;g epfo;thf cly; tsh;r;rpapy;; gy khw;wq;fs;
Vw;glj;Jtq;Fk;. mjhtJ cauk; kw;Wk; vil mjpfhpj;jy;> ,Lg;ngYk;G mfykhjy;>
khh;gf tsh;r;rp> Njhypy; vz;iza; frpT> tpah;itr; Rug;gpfs; nray;gLjy;> clypy; Kb
tsh;jy; kw;Wk; khjtplha; njhlf;fk; MFk;. ngz;fspy; G+g;giljy; vd;gJ Kjy;
khjtplha; epfo;thFk;. xU khjtplha;f;Fk; mLj;j khjtplha;f;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy;
fUg;igapd; vd;Nlhnkl;hpaj;jpy; epfOk; Row;rp khw;wq;fNs khjtplha; Row;rp
vdg;gLk;. xOq;fhd khjtplha; Row;rp ,ay;ghd ,dg;ngUf;f epiyiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ.
,tw;iwg; gw;wpa jfty;fis jq;fSila tPl;ilr; rhh;e;Njhh;fNsh my;yJ Mrphpah;fNsh
Kiwahfj; njhptpg;gjpy;iy. jd;Dila taij xj;j Njhopfs; jhd; topfhl;Lfpwhh;fs;. MfNt
jd;Dlypy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fis nfhz;L jq;fspd; elj;ijapYk; rpy khw;wq;fis
Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. MfNt jd;Dila NjhopfisNa KOikahf kdjstpy;
Kjd;ikahdth;fshff; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. vdNt jq;fSila Njhopfsplk; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;l
jfty;fis jtW vd vLj;Jiuf;Fk; epiyapy; ngw;Nwhh;fNsh Mrphpah;fNsh my;yJ
tPl;by; cs;s nghpNahh;fNsh ,Ue;jhYk; mth;fis cjhrpdk; nra;aNt
epidf;fpd;wdh;. ,g;gUtj;jpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g cilfis ngw;Nwhh;fs;
thq;fpj;jUtJ kpf mtrpakhFk;. ,g;gUtj;jpy; cs;s ngUk;ghyhd ngz;fs; jd;Ds;
Vw;gLk; khw;wj;jpid kdjhy; Vw;f kWj;Jk; kw;Wk; mjpf ntl;fg;gLfpwhh;fs;.
,g;gUtj;jpy; tUfpd;w khjtplha; epfo;thdJ ,g;gUtg; ngz;fis clystpy;
gytPdg;gLj;JtjhFk;. ,e;j epfo;thdJ ,g;gUt ngz;fSf;F %d;W Kjy; Ie;J ehl;fs; tiu
ePbj;jpUf;Fk;. xt;nthU khjk; tUk; khjtplha; epfo;r;rp Jtq;Fk; Kd;dh;
mbtapw;wpy; Vw;gLk; mjpfkhd typahy; 90 rjtPjk; Ngh; Jbf;fpwhh;fs;;. ,r;
rkaq;fspy; ngUk;ghyhNdhh; thA mlq;fpa Fsph; ghdq;fis Fbf;fpwhh;fs;. xU
rhuhUf;F khh;G gFjpapYk; typia czUfpwhh;fs;. xU rhuhUf;F khjtplha;
epfo;thdJ VO ehl;fs; tiu ePbj;jpUf;Fk;. clk;gpy; rj;Jg; gw;whf; Fiwapdhy;
,t;thW epfo;fpwJ. ngz;fSf;F ,uj;jj;jpy; `PNkhFNshgpd; msT 11 rjtPjkhtJ ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk;. ,Uk;Gr; rj;J Fiwthf ,Ug;gjhy; khjtplha; fhyq;fspy; jiyr;Rw;wYk;>
the;jpAzh;Tk; cly; eLf;fKk; kw;Wk; cly; jsh;Tk; Vw;gLk;. khjtplha; fhyq;fspy;
rhpahd J}f;fkpd;ik Vw;gl;L cly; mrjp Vw;gLk;.
4.2 kdk; rhh;e;jg; gpur;ridfs;
rhpahd czT Kiwapd;ikapd; fhuzkhf ngUk;ghYk; tshpsk; ngz;fspy; 11 - 12
tajpdpy; gUtk; mile;J tpLfpd;wdh;. jd;id xj;j gUtk; ngz;gps;isfs; Rje;jpukhf
jphpAk; epiyapy;> gUtk; mile;j ngz; Foe;ijia xU ifjpiag; Nghy; fpuhkq;fspy;
elj;jg;gLfpwhh;fs;. gUtk; mile;j ehl;fspy; rlq;FfSk; rk;gpujhaq;fSk; itj;J kpfTk;
Foe;ijfspd; kdij Nehf itj;J tpLfpd;wdh;. NkYk; gUtk; mile;j ngz;Foe;ijfis rj;jkhf
rphpf;fhNj rj;jkhf NgrhNj elf;Fk; NghJ jiy Fdpe;Jjhd; elf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,g;gbj;
jhd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd gy tpjpfis tpjpj;J Foe;ijfis kdjstpy; gyfPdg;gLj;jp
tpLfpd;wdh;. NkYk; khjtplha; fhyq;fspy; jq;fSf;F Vw;gLk; gpur;ridfis
ngw;Nwhh;fsplk; $wpdhy; fhJnfhLj;J ahUk; Nfl;gjpy;iy. mg;gb mk;khNth
my;yJ ghl;baplNkh tw;GWj;jp $wpdhy; ,J mg;gb jhd; ,Uf;Fk;> ,jw;F ehd; vd;d
gz;wJ vd Kfj;jpy; mbj;jJ Nghd;W jhd; $Wthh;fs;. vdNt ,g;gbg; gl;l fhyj;jpy; Vd;
ngz;zhf gpwe;Njhk; vd;d ,g;gbg; gl;l f\;lj;ij mDgtpf;f NtzLkh vd;d vz;zNk
NkNyhq;fp epw;Fk;. rhpahd czT Kiw ,y;yhjjhYk; Ntiyg; gStpd; fhuzj;jhYk; 28
ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw tuNtz;ba khjtplha; Rw;W gy ehl;fs; NtWghLfspy; tUk;.
vq;NfAk; NfhapYf;F my;yJ tpNrrq;fSf;Nfh nry;y jpl;lkpl;l rkaq;fspy; khjtplha;
epfo;T te;jJ vd;why; tPl;by; cs;s midtuhYk; jk;ik ntWg;Gld; ghh;g;gJ Nghd;W
Njhd;Wk;> NkYk; jk;khy; jhd; ,J jilg;gl;lJ vd;w vz;zj;jpdhy; kdk; NehfNtz;ba
#o;epiy Vw;gLk;. khjtplha; fhyq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ehg;fpid 4
kzpNeuj;jpw;F xd;W vd;w tPjj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mr;rkaq;fspy;
ntspA+h; nry;y Neh;e;jhNyh my;yJ gs;spf;Fr; nry;y Neh;e;jhNyh mtw;iw
khw;wp Ntnwhd;iw itg;gJ rthyhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. xt;nthU gs;spapYk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l
ehg;gpd;fis vhpf;Fk; mikg;G Vl;lstpy; jhd; cs;sJ> Mdhy; gad;ghl;by; ,y;iy.
khjtplha; fhyq;fspy; gs;spf;F ePz;l J}uk; irf;fps;fspy; gazpg;gJ kpfTk; clystpYk;
kdjstpYk; f\;lkhdjhfNt ,Uf;Fk;.
4.3 r%fg; gpur;ridfs;
Rth; ,Ue;jhy; jhd; rpj;jpuk; tiua KbAk; vd;gh;. ,d;iwa ,isQh;fNs ehisa
J}z;fshFk; vd;gJ Nghy ey;y MNuhf;fpakhd ,isa rKjhaj;ij cUthf;FtJ xt;nthUthpd;
flik. ngUk;ghyhd r%fj;jpy; ngz; Foe;ijfs; gUtk; mile;jJk;> gs;spfSf;F
mDg;Gtjpy;iy. mjhtJ 13 -14 tajpNyNa jq;fSila flik Kbe;jJ vd;Wk; nrhe;jq;fs;
tpl;Lg;Nghff;$lhJ vd;Wk; nrhj;J NtnwhUtUf;Fr; nrd;W tplf;$lhJ vd;Wk;
jpUkzj;ij Kbj;JtpLfpd;wdh;. NkYk; ,g;gUtj;jpy; Foe;ijfs; rhptu czT
cl;nfhs;stpy;iy vdpy; mth;fSf;F gpwf;Fk; Foe;ij CdKw;Nwhh;fshf gpwf;f
mjpfkhd tha;g;G ,Uf;fpwJ. NkYk; tshpsk; ngz;fs; ehfhPfk; kw;Wk; ngz;
Rje;jpuk; vd;wf; Nfhl;ghl;bidf; nfhz;L tiuKiwaw;w Kiwapy; cilfis
mzpfpd;wdh;. mt;thW mzpfpd;w cilapd; fhuzkhf ,isQh;fspilNa Njitapy;yhj
kdf;Fog;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jp ngz;fis tk;G ,Of;fg;gLtJk; ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd
gpur;ridfSf;F toptFf;fpwJ.

5.0 fk;gpspak;gl;b Rw;wpAs;s gFjpapy; tshpsk; ngz;fs;

jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lj;jpy; jpz;Lf;fy; fpof;F tl;lj;jpy; rhzhh;gl;b xd;wpaj;jpy;
mike;Js;sJ fk;gpspak;gl;b. ,e;j Ciur; Rw;wp Vwj;jho ,Ugj;njl;L rpW>FW
fpuhkq;fis nfhz;Ls;sJ. jw;rkak; 38 fpuhkq;fspypUe;J 395 ngz;Foe;ijfs; vq;fs;
gs;spapy; gapYfpd;wdh;.
 nkhj;jkhztpfs; gUtk;mile;Njhh;
t.vz; tFg;G rjtPjk;
vz;zpf;if vz;zpf;if
1 6 31 2 6.45
2 7 36 6 16.67
3 8 38 14 36.8
4 9 74 58 78.4
5 10 64 59 92.3
6 11 84 79 94.05
7 12 68 67 98.5
nkhj;jk; 395 312 78.99

ml;ltiz. 1

,th;fspy; NkNy cs;s ml;ltizapypUe;J 6 kw;Wk; 7 Mk; tFg;gpy; gbf;Fk;

khztpfspy; kpff; Fiwe;j mstpy; gUtk; mile;Js;sdh;. 8 Mk; tFg;G> 9 Mk; tFg;G
kw;Wk; 10 tFg;G khztpfspy; rhpahd mstpy; gUtk; milfpwhh;fs; vd;gijf;
fhl;LfpwJ. Mdhy; 11 Mk; tFg;gpy; 5 khztpfSk; kw;Wk; 12 Mk; tFg;gpy; xU
khztpAk; gUtk; milahky; ,Ug;gJ mth;fspy; cly; mstpy; Nghjpa rj;Jf;FiwthdjhfNt
fhl;LfpwJ. NkYk; ngw;Nwhh;fs; kw;Wk; khztpfspdpilNa Nghjpa
tpopg;Gzh;T ,d;ikiaf; fhl;LfpwJ.

gUtk;mile;Njhh;
t.vz; taJ
vz;zpf;if
1 10 2
2 11 24
3 12 73
4 13 103
 5 14 64
6 15 15
7 16 4

ml;ltiz. 2

Nkw;fz;l ml;ltizapypUe;J ,g;gs;spapy; gbf;Fk; khztpfspy; 10 tajpy; gUtk;

mile;jth;fs; 2 NgUk;> 11 tajpy; gUtk; mile;jth;fs; 24 NgUk;> 12 tajpy; gUtk;
mile;jth;fs; 73 Ngh; gUtk; mile;jth;fs;. ,g;gs;spapy; gapYk; nkhj;jk; 395
khztpfspy 10 Kjy; 12 tajpy; gUtk; mile;jth;fs;; 25 rjtPjkhFk;. mjhtJ 25 rjtPjk;
Ngh; tajstpy; tshpsk; ngz;fs; epiyia milahkNyNa gUtk; mile;Js;sdh; vd;gijf;
fhl;LtjhFk;. 15 - 16 tajpy; gUtk; mile;Njhh; 19 Ngh; MFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; 16
tajpidj; jhz;bAk; 6 Ngh; ,d;Dk; gUtk; milatpy;iy. nghJthf 13 -14 tajpy; gUtk;
miltJ vd;gJ rhpahd taJ epiy vd kUj;Jth;fs; njhptpf;fpwhh;fs;. ,jpy; 13 tajpw;F
Nky; gapYk; nkhj;j khztpfs; 260 Nghpy; 169 Ngh; rhpahd tajpy; gUtk;
mile;Js;sdh;. mjhtJ 65 rjtPjk; ngz; Foe;ijfNs rhpahd tajpy; gUtk; mile;Js;sdh;.
,jpypUe;J fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; tshpsk; gw;wpa Nghjpa tpopg;Gzh;T ,y;iy vd;gij
,t;tl;ltizf; fhl;LfpwJ. rpd;dQ;rpW fpuhkq;fis cs;slq;fpa ,g;gFjpapy; cs;sth;
nghUshjhu mstpy; kpfTk; gpd;jq;fpa epiyfspNyNa cs;sdh;. MfNt jq;fspd;
Fwpf;Nfhs; gzk; rk;ghjpg;gNj vd ,Uf;Fk; fhuzj;jpdhy; jq;fspd; Foe;ijfis rhptu
ftdpf;fhj epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;.
5.1 tshpsk; ngz;fspd; Rfhjhu epiy
ehfhPfq;fs; vd;w ngahpYk; Rje;jpukhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zj;jpYk;
kw;w FLk;gq;fisg; Nghy jhq;fSk; ,Uf;f Ntz;;Lk; vd;W xg;gPl;L thOk;
tho;f;ifapd; mbg;gilapy;; $l;Lf; FLk;gq;fs; cile;J jdpj;jdpf; FLk;gq;fshf
fpuhkq;fspYk; khwpAs;s #o;epiyapy; tsUk; Foe;ijfSf;F Nghjpa MNyhridfs;
fpilg;gjpy;iy. Kd;ngy;yhk; tshpsk; ngz;fSf;F tPl;by; cs;s nghpath;fs;jhd; rhpahd
Kiwapy; cly;eyk; kw;Wk; kdeyk; gw;wp topf;fhl;br; nry;th;. jw;rkak; jdpj;jdp
FLk;gq;fshf cs;sr; #o;epiyapy; fpuhkq;fspypUe;J jq;fs; Njitf;fhd tho;thjhug;
gpur;ridf;fhf nghUsPl;Ltjw;fhf gQ;Rj; njhopw;rhiyfSf;Fk; nrq;fy; fhsthrYf;Fk;
Jzpkzpfs; ijf;Fk; epWtdq;fSf;Fk; Xbf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; #oypy; tshpsk;ngz;
Foe;ijfSf;F Nghjpa MNyhrid kw;Wk; mwpTiu $w jq;fs; ngz; Foe;ijfSf;F
Rfhjhuk; gw;wp nrhy;Ytjw;F ngw;wj; jha;f;F $l Nghjpa mstpw;F Neuk;
fpilg;gjpy;iy.
tshpsk; ngz;fSf;F ngUk;ghYk; tPl;bw;F mUfpy; cs;s rf taJ NjhopfNs
Rfhjhuk; gw;wp $Wfpwhh;fs;. nghJthf khjtplha; tUk;fhyq;fspy; ngw;Nwhhplk;
$Wtij tpl jq;fspd; NjhopfsplNk $w epidf;fpwhh;fs;. ngUk;ghyhd tPLfspy; cs;s
tshpsk; ngz;fSf;F khjtplha; tUk; fhyq;fs; 28 ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw vd;wpy;yhky;
ngUk;ghYk; ehl;fspy; tpj;jpahrk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,jw;F czT KiwAk; rhpahd
clw;gapw;rpAk; ,y;iy vd;gNj fhuzk;;. tshpsk; ngz;fSf;F Kiwahd fhy ,ilntsp
vd;wpy;yhky; tUk; khjtplhapdhy; ngw;Nwhhpd; Nfhgj;jpw;F Mshf Ntz;ba
#o;epiy tUk;. jw;rkak;; khjtplha; fhyq;fspy; gad;gLj;j ngw;Nwhh;fs; ehg;fpd;fis
thq;fp nfhLf;fpwhh;fs;. Mdhy; Kiwahf gad;gLj;jg;gl;l ehg;fpd;fis fhfpjj;jhy;
Rw;wp fhl;Lg;gFjpapy; vwpaNt nra;fpwhh;fs;. NkYk; 4 kzp Neuj;jpw;F xd;W
vd Kiwahfg; gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. khjtplha; fhyq;fspy; ehg;fpd;;
gad;gLj;jg;gLtjhy; rpWePh; fopg;gjw;F kdjstpy; kpfTk; fbdkhf czh;fpwhh;fs;.
,jw;fhfNt jz;zPh; Fbg;gijNa jtph;f;fpwhh;fs;. ,t;thW ePh; mUe;Jtij
jtph;f;fg;gLtjhy; jir gpbg;G kw;Wk; rpWePh; njhw;W Nghd;w cly; rhh;e;j gy
gpur;ridfSf;F Mshfpwhh;fs;. NkYk; gs;sp $lq;fspy; Nghjpa ePh; trjpAld;
fopg;giwfs; ,y;yhj fhuzj;jpdhYk; clypy; mhpg;G Nghd;w njhw;W Neha;f;F
MshfNtz;bAs;sJ. gs;spfspy;; ehg;fpd;fis vhpA+l;Lk; mikg;G ngaustpNsNa cs;sJ.
mNj Nghy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l ehg;fpd;fis vhpA+l;Lk; mikg;G Chpd; nghJ fopg;giw
gFjpapy; ngaustpNyNa cs;sJ. ,t;thW gad;gLj;jpa ehg;fpd;fis epyj;jpy; NghLtjhy;
epy khRghL kw;Wk; Rfhjhu NfL Nghd;wit Vw;gLfpwJ.
5.2 tshpsk; ngz;fspd; kdk; kw;Wk; clystpyhd gpur;rid
gs;spapy; gapYk; fk;gpspak;gl;b kw;Wk; Rw;wpapUf;Fk; 38
fpuhkq;fspy; Vwj;jho 300 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l tshpsk; ngz;fspy; ,g;gs;spf;F
tUfpwhh;fs;. NkYk; ,g;gFjpapy; 48 Ngh; fy;Y}hpfspy; gl;lg;gbg;G kw;Wk;
gl;lag;gbg;G gapd;W tUfpwhh;fs;. 10 - 12 taJfspy; gUtk; mile;Njhh;fSf;F
vg;gb ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij jq;fspd; jha; kw;Wk; cwtpdh;fs; $Wfpwhh;fs;. Mdhy;
13 tajpypUe;Js;s gUtk; mile;j ngz;fs; jq;fSf;F cz;lhd gpur;ridfis jq;fspd;
neUq;fpa NjhopfspilNa gfph;e;J nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. kpff; Fiwe;j egh;fs; jhd; jq;fSila
jhaplk; Nfl;Lj; njhpe;J nfhs;fpwhh;fs;.
khjtplha; fhyq;fspy; mbtapw;W typia czh;e;J mOifAk; Mj;jpuKk; tUk;.
mr;rkaq;fspy; ahUk; ek;kplk; vJ NgrpdhYk; Nfhgk; jhd; tUk;. ngUk; ghYk;
,dpg;G tiffis rhg;gplj; Njhd;whJ. mt;thW rhg;gpl;lhy; ehis tuNtz;baJ cldbahf
khjtplha; tUk; vd;gJ ek;gpf;if. ngUk;ghyhd mjhtJ 20 rjtPjk; NgUf;F khjtplha;
Row;rp rPuhf tUtjpy;iy. mjhtJ 30 ehl;fSf;F xU KiwAk; 40 ehl;fSf;F xU KiwAk;
$l tUfpwJ. ngUk;ghyhd ngw;Nwhh;fs; jq;fspd; Foe;ij jhNd vd;W mr;rkaq;fspy;
md;ghf ele;J nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. ngUk;ghyhd ngw;Nwhh;fs; $yp Ntiyf;Fr; nry;tjhy;
jq;fspd; gps;isfsplk; rhptu Neuk; xJf;Ftjpy;iy kw;Wk; ftdpg;gjpy;iy. khjtplha;
rkaq;fspy; mbtapW typj;jhNy> thA epiwe;j Fsph;ghdq;fNsh my;yJ NrhlhNth
xU rhuhh; thq;fpf; nfhLf;fpwhh;fs;. NkYk; mjpfhiyapy; khjtplha; te;jJ
vd;whYk; cldbahf Fsph;e;j ePuhf ,Ue;jhYk; eLq;fpf; nfhz;Nl Fspf;f Ntz;ba
fl;lhak; MfpwJ. mt;thW Fspg;gjdhy; jiytypAk; fha;r;rYk; cly; mrjpAk; tUfpwJ.
khjtplha; fhyq;fspy; gs;spapy; kw;w gps;isfs; VNjDk; nrhy;Ythh;fNsh
rphpg;ghh;fNsh vd;w vz;zq;fs; Njhd;wp kdk;Fog;gkhf ,Uf;Fk;. rhg;gplj;
Njhd;whJ kw;Wk; cly; mrjpahf tUk;. clypw;F Xa;T NjitahfNt Njhd;Wk;
ahhplKk; Ngr Njhd;whJ kw;wth;fs; NgrpdhYk; vhpr;ry; jhd; tUk;.
6.0 gpur;ridfSf;fhd jPh;T
,aw;ifapy; epfOk; cly; hPjpahd kw;Wk; kdk; rhh;e;j tshpsk; ngz;fSf;fhd
gpur;ridf;F ngw;Nwhh;fSk; Mrphpah;fSk; murhq;fKk; fuk; Nfhh;e;J jPh;T
fhzKbAk;. ,aw;ifapy; epfOk; ,e;j epfo;tpid rhptpfpj rj;jhd cztpid Nkw;nfhz;lhNy
90 rjtPjg; gpur;ridfis rhp nra;Jtplyhk;.
6.1 ngw;Nwhh;fspd; gq;F
ngUk;ghyhd ngz;fspd; jha;khh;fs; jq;fs; Foe;ijfisg; gw;wp Fiwfshf $WtJ
vd;dntd;why;> fhiy cztpidj; jtph;f;fpwhh;fs; vd;gjhFk;. NkYk; gr;irf;
fha;fwpfisAk; fPiu tiffisAk; rhg;gpl jtph;f;fpwhh;fs; vd;gjhFk;. kpfTk; tY
,oe;jth;fshfNt ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. ,th;fs; tPl;by; ngUk;ghyhd Ntiyfisr;
nra;aj;jaq;Ffpwhh;fs;. thuj;jpy; ,U KiwahtJ GNuhl;lh kw;Wk; Jhpj czTfs;
Ntz;Lk; vd tw;GWj;jp gpbthjk; gpbf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gjhFk;. ngw;Nwhh;fSk;
mth;fSf;F ,Uk;Gr; rj;J mjpfKs;s czTg; nghUl;fis cz;gjw;F typAWj;j Ntz;Lk;.
jq;fspd; Foe;ijfs; jq;fis moFg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; mofhd cly; mikg;G Ntz;Lk; vd;W
epidf;fpwhh;fNs jtpu MNuhf;fpakhf ,Uf;f NtzLk; vd epidg;gjpy;iy. xy;ypahd
cly;thF Ntz;Lk; vd rhg;ghl;il ngUk;ghyhd ngz; Foe;ijfs; jtph;f;fpwhh;fs;
vd;fpwhh;fs; ngw;Nwhh;fs;. vdNt clypd; mikg;ghdJ kuG uPjpahdJ vd;gJk;
MNuhf;fpakhf ,Uf;f rj;jhd czT mtrpak; vd;gij ngw;Nwhh;fs; typAWj;jg;gl
Ntz;Lk;.
tshpsk; ngz;fs; jq;fspd; ngw;Nwhh;fsplkpUe;J Rje;jpukhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd epidf;fpwhh;fs;. ,g;gUt fhyq;fspy; ngw;Nwhh;fspd; mutizg;G kpfTk;
mtrpakhFk;. ,y;iynadpy; ahh; rw;W ghrkhf NgRfpwhh;fNsh mth;fspd;ghy;
<h;f;fg;gl;L fhjy; tiyapy; tPo;e;J jlk;khw tha;g;Gfs; mjpfk;. vdNt ngw;Nwhh;fs;
clystpYk; kdjstpYk; cWJizahf ,Ug;Nghk; vd;w jd;dk;gpf;iffis toq;f Ntz;Lk;.
6.2 Mrphpah;fspd; gq;F
gs;spapy; cs;s ngz; Mrphpah;fs; khjtplha; fhyq;fspy; ngz;Foe;ijfs; vt;thW
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fis typAWj;jpf; $wNtz;Lk;. cly;ey FOf;fis
mikj;J thuj;jpw;F xUKiw khjtplha; fhyq;fspy; vt;thW ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid
$wNtz;Lk;. ngUkghyd Mrphpah;fs; ghlq;fis elj;Jtjpy; kl;Lk; jhd; ftdkhf
,Uf;fpwhh;fNs jtpu cly;eyk; gw;wpa jfty;fis gw;wp Ngr jaq;Ffpwhh;fs;.
mt;thW ,y;yhky; MNuhf;fpakhd re;jjpapdh; cUthf Mrphpah;fspd; gq;F kpfTk;
mtrpakhFk;. jw;rkak; ngUfptUk; cly; gUkg; gpur;rid cyfstpyhd gpur;ridahFk;.
,jw;F Kd;Ndhh;fs; czthf cl;nfhz;l czT jhdpaq;fs; gw;wpAk; gjg;gLj;jg;gl;l
kw;Wk; ghf;nfl;Lfspy; milf;fg;gl;l nghUl;fis cl;nfhz;lhy; Vw;gLk; jPa tpisTfisg;
gw;wp khzth;fSf;F vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vz;izapy; nghhpf;fg;gl;l cztpid rhpahd
Neuj;jpy; kl;Lk; cl;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid typAWj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Mrphpah;fNs ,uz;lhtJ ngw;Nwhh;> ,Ug;gpDk;; jq;fspd; ngw;Nwhh;fsplk;
,Uf;Fk; Neuj;ij tpl gfy; nghOJ KOtJk; Mrphpah;fsplNk ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. MfNt
rj;jhf rhptpfpj czT KiwAk; Kiwrhuhj czTgz;lq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; jPikfis
gw;wpAk; ngw;Nwhh; typAWj;Jtij tpl Mrphpah;fs;; typAWj;jpdhy;
rpwg;ghf ,Uf;Fk;.
6.3 murhq;fj;jpd; gq;F
jw;Nghija tshpsk; ngz;fspy; xy;ypahNth my;yJ cly; gUkdhNth jhd;
,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. ,th;fSf;F Cl;lr;rj;Jg; gpur;ridfs; jhd; Kf;fpa fhuzkhfpwJ.
ngUk;ghYk; ,Uk;Gr;rj;J Fiwghlhd ,uj;jNrhif Neha;f;Fj;jhd; mjpfkhf
Mshfpwhh;fs;. NkYk; tajpw;F te;j ,sk; rpWkpfSf;F fh;g;gg;ig tha;g;
Gw;WNeha;f;fhd jLg;G+rp Nghlg;gLfpwJ. nghJthf tshpsk; Mz;fis tpl tshpsk;
ngz;fNs kdr;Nrhh;T kw;Wk; cly; hPjpahd gpur;ridfspdhy; kd mOj;jq;fspdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gLfpwhh;fs;. ngUk;ghYk; ngz;fSf;fhd topf;fhl;Ltjw;fhf gs;spfspYk;
fy;Y}hpfspYk; ngz; Mrphpah;fs; eph;zak; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sdh;. Mdhy; ahUk; mij
gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;tjpy;iy. ,sikg; gUtj;jpy; Vw;gLk; cly; kw;Wk; cstpay;
khw;wq;fisAk; cly;eyk; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzh;T kw;Wk; ,sk;gUt Rfhjhu
jpl;lq;fs;> Cl;lr;rj;Jf; fy;tp> ,uj;j Nrhiff; fl;lg;ghL Nghd;wtw;wpw;fhd
eltbf;if>MNyhrid kw;Wk; Nritfs; toq;Ftjpy; kj;jpa khepy muR ftdk; nrYj;JfpwJ.
,sk;gUtj;jpdh; ehl;bd; tUq;fhy J}z;fs;> vdNt r%f Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jth;fs;
Mth;. jw;fhyq;fspy; ehfhPfk; vd;w ngahpy; fyhr;rhu rPuopTfs; mjpfhpg;gNjhL
kl;Lky;yhky; ,stajpdNu mjpfk; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. 2013 Mk; Mz;L
NfhghyfpU\;zd; chpikf; FOthdJ (CRCWHO) Foe;ijfs; kw;Wk; ,sk;gUtj;jpdhpd;
chpikfis ntspapl;lJ. NkYk; 2014 Mk; Mz;L ,isQh;fspd; rpwg;G Rfhjhuk;
kw;Wk; Nkk;ghl;Lj; Njitfs; kw;Wk; chpikfis mq;fPfhpg;gjw;fhd khepyq;fspd;
flikfs; Fwpj;j topf;fhl;Ljy;fis kj;jpa muR ntspapl;lJ. mjhtJ ''uh\;ba

fpN\hh; ];t];ja fhhpaf;uk; '' vd;w jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; ,sk;gUtj;jpdhpd; cly;eyk;

kw;Wk; eytho;T njhlh;ghd jfty;fis mspf;fpwJ. NkYk; %d;W khjq;fSf;F xU Kiw
tshpsk; ngz;fSf;F ,ytr ehg;fpd;fs; gs;spfspy; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.
இளம் பருவ சுகாதார திட்டங்கள், அமைச்சகங்கள்
மற்றும் அவற்றின் சேவைகள்

t.vz; jpl;lj;jpd; ngah; Nritfs;

,sk;gUt ghypay; Ghypay; gpur;ridfSf;F jPh;T kw;Wk;
1.
MNuhf;fpak; MNyhrid Nritfs;
Cl;lr;rj;J > Rfhjhu Kiwia Cf;Ftpj;jy;
2. gs;sp Rfhjhu jpl;lk;
MNyhrid kw;Wk; Neha;j;jLg;G
rpWkpfspd; cly;eyk;> Cl;lr;rj;J kw;Wk;
3 fpN\hhp rf;jp Nah[dh
fy;tpia Nkk;gLj;Jk; Nrit
jpUkz taij cah;j;Jtjw;Fk;> gs;spapy;
4 ghypfh rk;hpjp Nah[dh
rpWkpfspd; ,ilepd;wiyj; jLj;jy;
,Uk;G kw;Wk; Nghypf; mkpyk;> Cl;lr;rj;J
5 uh[Pt; fhe;jp jpl;lk; kw;Wk; Rfhjhu fy;tp Nkk;gLj;Jjy;
-ehg;fpd;fis toq;Fjy;

6.4 kUj;Jth;fspd; MNyhridfs;

tshpsk; ngz;fSf;F cly; hPjpahf Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fspdhy; kdjpy; gytifahd
Fog;gq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk;. nghJthf gzk; <l;Ltjpy; KO ftdj;ij Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
ngw;Nwhh;fs; jq;fspd; Foe;ijfsplk; kdk; tpl;L Ngrf; $l Neuk; xJf;Ftjpy;iy.
NkYk; jdpj;jdpf;FLk;gq;fshf ,Uf;Fk; #o;epiyapy; ghl;bfsplkpUe;Jk; vt;tpjkhd
jfty;fisAk; Nfl;f Kbtjpy;iy. jw;nghOJ gs;spfspy; jd; Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; Cl;lr;rj;J
Nkk;gLj;Jjy; vd;w mbg;gilapy; tshpsk; ngz;fSf;F gs;spf;F mUfpy; cs;s Muk;g
Rfhjhu epiyaq;fspy; cs;s kUj;Jt FO gs;spf;F te;J tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.
NkYk; khztpah; Cl;lrj;Jkpf;f czit Nkw;nfhs;sTk; khjtplha; fhyq;fspy; ehg;fpd;fis
gad;gLj;Jjypd; mtrpaj;ij typAWj;JfpwJ. gad;gLj;jpa ehg;fpd;fis vhpg;gNj
rpwe;jJ. khjtplha; fhyq;fspy; mirt czT tiffisj; jtph;j;jy; ey;yJ. NkYk; mbtapW
typia czUk; jUthapy; nte;ePh; mUe;jyhk;;. ngUk;ghyhd tshpsk; ngz;fs; fhiy
cztpidj; jtph;j;J gs;sp kw;Wk; fy;Y}hpf;Fr; nry;fpd;wdh;. fhiy cztpidj; jtph;f;ff;
$lhJ. tshpsk; gUtj;jpy; ,Wf;fkhd cilfis mzpaf; $lhJ. ,J fh;g;gg;ig ghjpg;ig
Vw;gLj;Jk;.
7.0 KbT
tshpsk; gUtk; vd;gJ tho;f;ifapd; xU Kf;fpa gUtk; MFk;. ,g;gUtj;jpy;
Cl;lr;rj;J kpf;f czTfis cz;gJ kpf mtrpakhFk;. ,g;gUtj;jpy; jhd; mLj;j jiyKiwfis
cUthf;Fk; epfo;thd gUtk; miljy; epfo;r;rpahdJ Vw;gLfpwJ. nghJthf ngz;fs;
gUtk; milAk; epfo;r;rpapid G+g;Gdpj ePuhl;L tpoh vd;w epfo;r;rpapid elj;jp>
mg;ngz; Foe;ijf;F ,Uk;Gr; rj;J kpf;f czTg; nghUl;fisAk; Cl;lr;rj;jhd nghUl;fs;
czthf toq;Fthh;fs;. ehl;Lr; rh;f;fiu vd;W miof;fg;gLk; kz;il nty;yj;jpdhy; Md
jpz;gz;lg; nghUl;fs;> Kl;il> nte;ija fsp kw;Wk; Nghpr;ir cs;spl;l goq;fs;.
jw;rkak; ,t;thW epfOk; epfo;thdJ ntFthf Fiwe;J tpl;lJ. Mk; ,ae;jpuk;Nghy kdpj
tho;T gzj;ijj; Njb Xbf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; #oypy; jq;fspd; tshpsk; Foe;ijfspd; Nky;
ngUk;ghyhd FLk;gq;fspy; mf;fiw nfhs;tjpy;iy. ngUk;ghYk; gUtk; mile;j me;j
xUthuj;jpw;F kl;LNk jdpf; ftdk; nrYj;Jfpwhh;fs;. ngz;fspd; MNuhf;fpak;>
nghJthd ey;y cly; eyk;> fz;zpak;> mjpfhuk; nrYj;Jjy;> gilg;Gj;jpwd;
Nghd;wtw;wpw;F Kf;fpakhdjhf khjtplha; Rfhjhuk; NgZjy; jpfo;fpwJ. khjtplha;
Rfhjhuj;ij rhpahfg; Ngzhj ngz;fs; khjtplhapd; NghJ mjpf kdmOj;jk;> gak;>
kw;Wk; rq;flj;jpw;F cs;shfpwhh;fs;. ,jdhy; gs;sp kw;Wk; fy;Y}hapy; gbf;Fk;
khztpah; xt;nthU khjKk; khjtplhapd; NghJ xOq;fhfg; gs;spf;Fr; nry;yhky;
Nrhh;e;J tPl;bNyNa jq;fp tpLfpd;wdh;. gpd;dh; gbg;gpy; Mh;tk; Fiwe;J
gs;spf;Fr; nry;yhky; gbg;ig epWj;jptpLfpd;wdh;. ,g;gFjpapy; xU rpy rKjhaj;jpy;
khjtplha; fhyq;fspy; CUf;F xJf;FGwkhd ,lj;jpy; jq;f itj;J tpLfpd;wdh;.
mr;rkaq;fspy; jdpikahf ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; kdjpy; Fog;gq;fs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd.
gpd;dh; Nghjpa ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. gs;spfspy; jpdKk; Kl;ilAld; $ba kjpa
czthdJ toq;fg;gl;lhYk; ngUk;ghyhd Foe;ijfs; thq;fp cz;z ntl;fg;gLfpwhh;fs;.

8.0 KbTiu
tYthd ehisa rKjhaj;jpid cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;why; tshpsk; ngz;fspd;
epiy MNuhf;fpakhdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. kdpj tho;tpy; kpf Kf;fpa epiy tshpsk;
gUtk; MFk;. fk;gpspk;gl;b kw;Wk; Rw;wpAs;s 38 fpuhkq;fspypUe;J ngz;
Foe;ijfs; kl;Lk; 395 Ngh; gapd;W tUfpwhh;fs;. nghj;jf;fztha;gl;b> gz;izg;gl;b
kw;Wk; nghk;kehjGuk; Mfpa fpuhkq;fisr; Nrh;e;Njhh; kpfTk; jhkjkhf gUtk;
milfpwhh;fs;. Nghjpa Cl;lr;rj;J ,y;yhjNj ,jw;F Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. ,jpy; 10 Kjy; 11
tajpdpy; gUtk; mile;jth;fs; fk;gpspak;gl;b> rpd;dhk;gl;b kw;Wk; Mz;bagl;biar;
Nrh;e;j Foe;ijfNs MFk;. ,jw;F Kf;fpa fhuzk; gpuha;yh; NfhopAk; Jhpj czTg;
nghUl;fis mbf;fb cz;gJ MFk;. ngUk;ghyhNdhh; ghf;nfl;Lfspy;milf;fg;gl;l
cztpidAk; vz;izapy; nghhpffg;gl;l czTg;nghUl;fis cz;gJNk MFk;. Vwj;jho 80
rjtPjk; Ngh; njhiyf;fhl;rp tpsk;guq;fspy; tUk; nghUl;fisNa thq;fp
gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;fs;. clw;gapw;rpAk; ,y;iy Cl;lr;rj;jhd nghUl;fspy; ftdj;ij
Nkw;nfhs;tjpy;iy. gs;sp kw;Wk; Ch;fspy; mikf;fg;gl;l nghJf; fopg;giwfspy;
ehg;fpd;fid vhpg;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. tUlj;jpw;F ,uz;L Kiw
kl;LNk kUj;Jt Ma;Tfs; elj;jg;gLfpwJ. mij ,uz;L khjj;jpw;F xU Kiw vd nfhz;L
te;jhy; rpwg;ghf ,Uf;Fk;. thuk;NjhUk; Nghypf; mkpyk; nfhz;l khj;jpiufs;
gs;spfspy; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. NkYk; vk; gs;spapy; gapYk; tshpsk; ngz;fSf;F
rpYtj;J}h; Muk;g Rfhjhu epiyaj;jpype;J kUj;Jtiu mioj;J khjtplha; Rj;jk; Fwpj;j
tpopg;Gzh;T toq;fg;gl;lJ.
11.0 vjph;fhy Nehf;fq;fs;
tshpsk; ngz;fspd; RfhjhuKk; MNuhf;fpak; vd;gJ jdpg;gl;lth;fSf;fhd
gpur;rid ,y;iy. ,J xU r%fg;gpur;ridAk; $l> Mk; MNuhf;fpakhd vjph;fhy
re;jjpapdiu cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vdpy;; r%fKk; ngw;Nwhh;fSk; MrphpaUk;
xd;W NruNtz;Lk;. ,ij xd;wpize;J nray;gl itf;f Ntz;baJ muR jhd;. khjtplha;
fhyq;fspy; njhiyf;fhl;rp tpsk;guq;fspy; fhl;Lk; ehg;fpd;fis thq;fp gad;gLj;Jtjhy;
Njhy; rk;ge;jkhd mhpg;G Neha; kw;Wk; fh;g;gg;ig Gw;WNeha; Vw;gl mjpf
tha;g;Gs;sJ. NkYk; ,jpy; gpsh];bf; gad;ghl;bdhy; cly;hPjpahd gpur;ridfshy;
nghpJk; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwhh;fs;. vdNt gUj;jpapdhy; Md Rj;jkhf Jzpfisg;
gad;gLj;Jtjhy; Njhy; gpur;ridiaj; jtph;f;fg;glyhk;. NkYk; ikjh khtpdhy; Mdh Jhpj
czTtiffis cz;gjdhy; clypd; gUkd; mjpfhpj;J fh;g;gg;ig ePh;f;;fl;bfs; Njhd;w
tha;g;Gfs; cs;sd. NkYk; ,e;j ePh;f; fl;bapdhy; Foe;ijg; Nghpd;ik Vw;gl
tha;g;Gs;sJ vd;gJ gw;wpa tpopg;Gzh;it khztpfSf;F toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. khjk; xU
KiwahtJ xt;nthUg; gs;spf;Fk; Rfhjhu Ma;thsh; nrd;W khzth;fis re;jpf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; gs;spNjhWk; tshpsk; ngz;fSf;fhd gpur;ridiaAk; mth;fs; kdjpy;
Njhd;Wk; re;Njfq;fis ePf;Ftjw;F topfhl;b kw;Wk; MNyhrid toq;f jFe;j
Mrphpah;fis epakpj;J mth;fSf;F Kiwahd gapw;rp mspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
 fk;gpspak;gl;b kw;Wk; Rw;wpAs;s fpuhkq;fspd; ngz; Foe;ijfs; gUtk; mile;j taJ
gUtk;
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 milahNjhh;
(14-17)
KAMBILIAMPATTI 6 18 17 5 3 0 0 1
KATTUPATTI 0 6 11 5 4 0 0 1
ANDIYAPATTI 3 2 4 4 0 0 0 0
KOOTHAMPATTI 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0
AMMAPATTI 1 8 13 5 1 0 0 1
CHINNAMPATTI 1 1 3 2 0 0 0 0
NILAPATTI 1 4 2 2 0 0 0 1
POTHAKANAVAIPATTI 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 2
MARKAMPATTI 2 5 4 9 0 0 0 0
CHINNA REDDYYAPATTI 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
POMMANATHAPURAM 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
NARIVILAPATTI 0 1 3 2 0 0 0 2
CHINNA KATTUPATTI 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SUKKAMPATTI 1 2 10 2 0 0 0 1
ELLAIPATTI 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
THIRUMALAIKENI 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 0
KUMARAPALAIYAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
KAVANTHOTTAM 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
KALLUPATTI 0 2 3 4 0 0 0 0
THOOPUR 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
MUTHANDIPATTI 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0
JAMBILIAMPATTI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
BOMMAIYAKAVUNDANPATT
I 0 2 3 1 1 1 0 4
KOTHAPULIPATTI 2 0 1 4 0 0 0 1
AYYAKUTTIYAPATTI 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
THEETHAMPATTI 0 1 2 3 0 0 0 2
SEELAMUTHUNAYACKANUR 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
RAJAKKAPATTI 0 2 3 4 0 0 0 0
PALAKKAVUNDANPATTI 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
KURUMPAPATTI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
REDDYYAPATTI 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
AAVARAMPATTI 0 1 3 1 0 0 0 1
SILUVATHUR 1 4 4 1 0 1 0 0
ALAMPATTI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
MADUR 0 1 3 1 2 0 0 2
SINKARAKOTTAI 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
KUPPAMUTHUPATTI 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
PANNAIPATTI 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 3
25 73 103 64 15 4 0 27