ntw;wpNky; ntw;wp cd;idj; njhlu vd;d nra;a

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(lhf;lu; V.gP. Kfk;kJ myp> gp.vr;.b> I.gP.v];(X)
vd; rkPgj;jpa([_iy> 2010) mnkupf;fh Rw;Wg;gazj;jpy;
rhd;bahNfh efupy; jkpo; K];ypk; njhz;L epWtd ez;gu;
rhjpf; mtu;fisf; fhz re;ju;g;gk; fpilj;jJ. mtuplk;
Ngrpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ ‘ekJ rKjha
,isQu;fspilNa ek;gpf;if Fiwe;J tUfpwJ. MfNt
mtu;fis Cf;fg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; fl;Liu vOJq;fs’
vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhu;. me;j Ntz;LNfhs; cz;ikjhd;
vd;W rkPgj;jpa gps]; 2 gupl;irapy; K];ypk; khztpfs;
mghu ntw;wp aile;jJ Nghd;W khztu;fs; Nrhgpf;f
tpy;iy. cjhuzj;jpw;F ney;iyiar; rhu;e;j fhu;g;gNu\d;
gs;spapy; gbj;j khztp ah];kpd; khepyj;jpNy Kjy;
khztpahf ntw;wp ngw;wJ Nghy gzj;jpidf; nfhl;b
gy;NtW ^A+\d; itj;jhYk; khztu;fs; rpwg;Gld;
ntw;wpailtpy;iy. ,isahd;Fb Nkyg;gs;spthry; ngz;fs;
Nky; epiyg;gs;spapy; gs;sp ,Wjpg;guPl;ir vOjpa 170
khztpfSk; 117 gj;jhk; tFg;G vOjpa khztpfSk;
ntw;wpaile;jpUg;gJ ghuhl;lYf;FupaJ. Mdhy; Mz;fs;
gbf;Fk; jkpof gs;spfspd; ntw;wp rjtPjk;
ghuhl;LtJf;Fupajhf ,y;iy. fy;tpawpQu; ‘ah];ghy’
mwpf;ifg;gb ehl;by; gs;sp ,Wjp tFg;G vOjpa 70 yl;r
khztu;fspy; ntWk; 30 yl;rk; Ngu;fs; jhd; cau;fy;tpf;Fr;
nry;fpwhu;fs; vd;W njupfpwJ. kw;wtu;fs; gs;spg;gbg;gpid
ghjpapy; epWj;jp Ntiy Njb Muk;gpj;J tpLfpwhu;fs;.

fhuzk; khztpfis ngw;Nwhu; fz;bg;Gld; tsu;g;gJ

Nghy khztu;fis ngw;Nwhu; fz;bf;fhky; Ngdpf;fhj;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;fs;. mjd; mu;j;jk; vd;dntd;why;
mtu;fnsy;yhk; rk;ghjpf;Fk; kp\pdhfTk;> jpUkz tpahu
re;ijapy; mjpf tpis NghFk; nghUshf
fUjg;gLtjhy;jhNd me;j epiy! khztd; gbg;gpy; ftdk;
nrYj;jhjjpw;F b.tp. rpdpkh> tpisahl;L> je;ijapd;
nry;tf;nfhopg;Gk; xU fhuzkhf mike;J tpLfpwJ. jkpof

1
muR 3.5 rjtPjk; Ntiy tha;g;gpy; K];ypk;fSf;F tha;g;Gf;
nfhLj;jhYk; gzpaplq;fspy; Ml;fis epug;g jFjpahd
K];ypk;fspy;iy vd ,lq;fs; fhypahf itf;fg;gl;L
mjdpy; NtW gpuptpdUf;F xJf;Fk; epiy gupjhgkhdJ vd
cq;fSf;Fj; Njhd;wtpy;iyah? ekJ khztu;fSk;>
gl;ljhupfSk; jq;fs; Kaw;rpapy; Njhy;tpaile;jhy; Nrhu;e;J
tpLtjpid tpl;L kWgbAk; me;jj;Njhy;tpf;fhd fhuzq;fs;
fz;Lgpbj;J ntw;wpf;fdpapidg; gwpf;f cjTtjpw;fhf
jPl;lg;gl;lNj ,e;j jd;dk;gpf;iff; fl;Liu.

gy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G mnkupf;fh [dehaf fl;rp

khehl;by; mnkupf;fh [dhjpgjp Ntl;ghsu-fWg;gpdj; jiytu;
n[rp N[f;\d; Nghl;bapLk;NghJ NgRifapy;> ‘fWg;gpd
kf;fisg;ghu;j;J $wpa %d;W thu;j;ijfs;> ‘ek;gpf;if
nfhs;tPu;> ek;gpf;if nfhs;tPu;> ek;gpf;if nfhs;tPu; ’. md;W
mtu; Kaw;rp Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jhYk; mtu; $wpagb 2009
Mk; Mz;L xU fyg;G-fWg;gpdj; jiytu; ghuf; xghkh
mnkupf;f mupaizapy; VwpaJ fWg;gpd kf;fsplk;
kl;Lky;yhJ cyfpy; eRf;fg;gl;l-xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fspilNa
xU ek;gpf;if el;rj;jpukhf jpfo;fpwJ vd;why; mJ
ngha;ahFkh? cq;fs; ek;gpf;ifapy; rpy ,lu;g;ghLfs;
tuyhk;. mjid epidj;J cq;fs; cs;sk; Nrhu;tilaf;
$lhJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F tpkhdg; gazj;jpid
vz;zpg;ghu;f;fyhk;. tpkhdk; Gwg;gLk; NghJ mJ nry;Yk;
ghij> Neuk;> jl;g ntl;g epiy Nghd;wit Js;spjkhff;
fhl;Lk; fUtpfs; cjtpAld; tpkhdp mjid nrYj;jpdhYk;>
rpwpJk; vjpu; ghu;f;fhj mstpy; ,aw;ifr; rPw;wj;jpd; gadhf
kio> ,b> kpd;dy;> ,Us; nfhz;l Nkfk;> kdpj jtwpidj;
jhz;b tpkhdf; Nfg;ld; tpkhdj;jpid jpwikahf
jiuapwf;Fthu;. mNj Nghd;Wjhd; tho;f;ifapy; gy
jLkhw;wkpUe;jhYk; ek;gpf;ifapid iftplhtpl;lhy; epr;rk;
ntw;wp cq;fs; gf;fNk!

cq;fs; cs;sj;jpy; nfhOe;Jtpl;nlupAk; Fwpf;Nfhspid

cUthf;fpf; nfhz;L mjpy; Mu;tj;jpidr; nrYj;jpdhy;

2
ntw;wpthif #l KbAk;. ‘ikf;Nuh rhg;l;Ntupd’ mjpgu;
gpy;Nfl;]; fy;Yhup gbg;gpid ghjpapy; epWj;jpatu; vd;gJk;
Mdhy; ,d;W cyf fy;tpf;Fk>; Ntiyf;Fk; cj;jputhjk;
nfhLf;Fk; rpwg;G nray; fk;A+l;lupid cUthf;fp cyf
Kjy; gzf;fhuuhfp jd; ghjp tUkhdj;jpy; cyf
Rfhjhuj;jpw;fhf nrytpLk; r%f njhz;luhf ,Ug;gJ
vt;thW Kbe;jJ vd;why; tplh Kaw;rpNa ntw;wpf;F
mbj;jsk; vd;w nfhs;ifapidf; nfhz;ljhy;j hNd!!

uhgu; Gu\dpq; vd;w mwpQu;> ‘cq;fs; cly; ciog;G

typ FiwAk; NghJ cq;fSf;F ifNky; gyd; fpilf;Fk;; ’
vd;fpwhu;. ,J vjidf;fhl;LfpwJ vd;why; jd;dk;gpf;if
nfhz;l ve;j kdpjUf;Fk; gpd;dilT xU jilf;fy;yhf
,Uf;ff;$lhJ vd;gJ jhd;. khwhf mJ jd; tho;f;ifapy;
Kd;NdWk; ntw;wpg;bfshf mikAk;. [g;ghd; ehl;by;
`pNuhrpkh-ehfrhfp vd;w efuq;fspd; kPJ 1945Mk; Mz;L
Mf];l;khjk; Mwhk; Njjp mnkupf;fh ‘ypl;by; kh];lu; ’ vd;w
mDFz;il tPR rpd;dh gpd;dkhf;fpaJ. ,d;W [g;ghdpau;
Kaw;rpahy; me;j efuk; moF efukhf cau;e;j
fl;blq;fSld; vupe;j rhk;gYf;fpilapy; ‘gPdpf;]’
gwitNghy vOe;J epw;fpwJk;> cyf Fj;Jr; rz;il
Nghl;bfspNy gy Njhy;tpfisf; fz;lhYk; %d;W Kiw
rhk;gpadhf ntw;wpf; nfhb ehl;baNjhL kl;Lky;yhky;
I.eh.tpd; Mg;gupf;fh rpwg;Gj;Jhjuhf gzpahw;wpa Kfk;kJ
myp((Nfrpa]; fpNy) Njhy;tpkdg;ghd;ikAilatu;fSf;F
ek;gpf;ifA+l;Lk; el;rj;jpuq;fs; vd;why; kpifahFkh?

ek;kpilNa ek;gpf;ifahsu;fsplkpUe;J mt
ek;gpf;ifahsu;fis fPo;fz;l cjhuzj;Jld; mwpe;J
nfhs;syhk;. ekJ tPl;bw;F jhfj;Jld; xU tpUe;jhsp te;J
jz;zPu; Nfl;fpwhu; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. mtUf; F
miufpsh]; jz;zPu; nfhLf;fpwPu;fs; vd;why; me;jj;
jz;zPiug;gUfpatu; ‘fQ;rg;ga fpsh]; epiwa jz;zPu;
nfhLf;fhky; miuf;fpsh]; jz;zPu; nfhLf;fpwhNd’ vd
epidj;jhy; mtd; mt ek;gpf;ifahsd;. mjid tpLj;J
miuf;fpsh]; jz;zPuhtJ Fbf;f fpilj;jNj vd;W
kdepiwT nfhs;gtd; ek;gpf;ifahsdhFk;. MfNt

3
mtek;gpf;if vd;w ,Us; cq;fis ve;j Neuj;jpYk; ft;thJ
ghu;j;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. rhu;y]; bf;fd;]; vd;w Gfo;
ngw;w vOj;jhsiu midtUk; mwpe;jpUg;gPu;fs;. mtu;
Muk;gj;jpy; fl;Lf;fl;lhf fij vOjpj;js;sp gy;NtW
gj;jpupf;if mYtyfq;fSf;F mDg;gp itj;jhu;. Mdhy;
mit xd;W $l gpuRupf;ftpy;iy. bf;fd;]_ila ed;gu;fs;
midtUk; mtiu fOij jpz;gjpw;fhf fij vOJk;
vOj;jhsu; vd Nfsp nra;jhu;fs;. Mdhy; bf;fd;]; mjidg;
nghUl;gLj;jhJ NkYk; vOjpdhu;. vd;d Ml;rupak;. xU khj
,jopy; mtUila fijnahd;W gpuRukhdfp gpugykhdJ.
mjd; gpd;G mtUila xt;nthU tupf;Fk; fhNrh fhRntd;W
nfhl;bj;js;spaJ. ntw;wp tPuu;fspd; ngaustpy; xU rjtPjk;
jhd;. Mdhy; mtu;fs; clYiog;G 99 rjtPjkhFk;.

ePq;fs; cq;fs; yl;rpaj;jpid mila yhl;lup rPl;N lh

my;yJ myhTjPd; mw;Gj tpsf;F Nghd;w khia nghUNsh
Njitapy;iy. khwhf fPo;fz;l nray;ghLfspd; %yk;
cq;fs; ntw;wpapid mila KbAk;:

1) nray;jpwd;: cq;fs; Fwpf;Nfhis mila Ntz;Lk;

vd;w mtruj;jpid Kd; itj;J Ntiyapidj; njhlu
Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F kd cWjpAk;> ,ilA+Wfis
rkhspf;Fk; jpwDk;> gaj;jpid tpl;nlhopf;fTk; njupa
Ntz;Lk;. cq;fs; Kd; khjpupahf cq;fs; njhopy;>
fy;tpapy; ntw;wpaile;jtu;fis vLj;Jf; nfhz;L
mtu;fs; Nghy tsu Mirg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

2) ek;gpf;if: ePq;fs; cq;fs; Fwpf;Nfhis mila KbAk;

vd;w mirf;f Kbahj EhW rjtPj ek;gpf;if Ntz;Lk;.

3) njspT: cq;fs; Fwpf;Nfhspd; fdTfs;

Fog;gkpy;yhkYk; njspthfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F
cjhuzkhf cq;fs; je;ij my;yJ mz;zd;
cq;fSf;F irf;fps; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jij cjhuzkhf
vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. ePq;fs; irf;fps; Xl;Lk; NghJ
if> fhy;fspy; mbgl;L fhak; Vw;gl;ljpid epidj;J

4
 irf;fs; Xl;Ltjpid tpl;L tpl;Bu;fsh? ,y;iyNa!
mNjNghy; jhd; cq;fs; Kjy; Kaw;rpapy;
Njhy;tpNaw;gl;lhYk; JtshJ ntw;wp tiu ciof;f
Ntz;Lk;.

4) ,og;G-Mgj;J: cq;fs; Kaw;rpapy; ,og;G> Mgj;Jf;fs;

Neuyhk;. Mdhy; mwpTg;G+u;tkhd kw;Wk; czu;Tg;
G+u;tkhd ek;gpf;ifahf vLf;Fk; Kaw;rpfs; %yk;
mitfis Kwpabf;f KbAk;.

5) el;G: jd;dk;gpf;ifAs;stu;fSld; gof;fj;jpid

Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,uz;L Kl;lhs;
ez;gu;fis tpl xU $u;ikahd ngd;rpy; Nky; vd;w
gonkhopf;fpzq;f cq;fs; Fwpf;NfhSf;F cjTk;
tifapy; el;gpid Njbf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

6) cU: cq;fSila Fwpf;Nfhis xU fhfpj;jpy; vOjp

mjw;F cUf;nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. n[d; gonkhop xd;W
nrhy;thu;fs;> ‘kiyia efu;j;j rpW fw;fis Kjypy;
cilAq;fs;’ vd;W. MfNt cq;fs; Fwpf;Nfhspid
rpwpJ rpwpjhf nray; gLj;Jq;fs;.

7) Njhy;tpf;fhd fhuzq;fs;: ePq;fs; Njhy;tpaile;jhy;

vd;d fhuzj;jpw;fhf Njhy;tpaile;Njhk; vd
MuhAq;fs;. cq;fs; Fwpf;NfhSf;F Gjpa cUf;
nfhLq;fs;. Njhy;tp kdpj ,aw;ifnad;W epidj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;. cq;fSf;F 1953Mk; Mz;L Nk khjk;
29e;Njjp cyf caukhd ,ka kiyapid ntw;wpf;
nfhz;l vl;kz;l; `py;yhupapid QhgfkpUf;Fk;. mtu;
Kjy; Kaw;rpapy; Njhy;tpaile;jhu;. mjd; gpd;G
Kaw;rpapid iftpltpy;iy. khwhf vtu];l; rpfuj;jpd;
glj;jpd; Kd;dpd;W> ‘vtu];l; rpfuNk! ,e;jj; jlit eP
n[apj;J ehd; Njhy;tpaile;J tpl;Nld;. Vndd;why; eP
ve;j msT caukhf tsu KbANkh me;j msT
tsu;e;J tpl;lha;. Mdhy; ,d;Dk; tsu;e;J

5
nfhz;NlapUf;fpNwd;. cd;id tplg;N ghtjpy;iy>
tplg;Nghtjpy;iy’ vd;W $wp mLj;j Kaw;rpapy;
ntw;wpAk; fz;lhu;. mNjNghd;W cq;fs; Njhy;tpapid
fz;L kpushJ njhlu; Kaw;rp nra;jhy; cq;fs;
Fwpf;Nfhspy; ntw;wp Nky; ntw;wp te;J cq;fisj;
jOthjh?