Power System Protection S.A.

Soman Power System Dynamics

Overview

Power System Protection

S.A.Soman
Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Bombay

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

Power System Dynamics Overview System Protection Relays Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay Lightning Protection Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices Summary

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

Power System Dynamics Overview System Protection Relays Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay Lightning Protection Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices Summary

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Overview of Power System Dynamics System protection requires study of system dynamics and control. Power system dynamics Can be described in terms of a set of differential and algebraic equations. Analysis is done by EMTP. Post fault system stability is determined by transient stability studies.

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

System Protection Relays Following relays are used to detect system disturbances and for enhancing system stability. Under frequency and over frequency relays. Rate of change of frequency relays. Under voltage relays. Reverse power ow relays. Vector shift relays. For example, consider a voltage distribution system with local generation which is synchronized with the grid. During grid disturbances, the local plant generators have to be isolated from the grid.

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

Power System Dynamics Overview System Protection Relays Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay Lightning Protection Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices Summary

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

Example System with Local Generation

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

Loss of Utility in the Example System

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

Power System Dynamics Overview System Protection Relays Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay Lightning Protection Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices Summary

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Load-generation imbalance in a system leads to fall in frequency. Underfrequency relay detects this drop and isolates local generation from the grid. Load-generation balance has to be maintained in the islanded system. In order to speed up the islanding decision, rate of change of frequency relay is used.

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

Power System Dynamics Overview System Protection Relays Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay Lightning Protection Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices Summary

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

Undervoltage Relay If the fault on the grid is close to the plant, voltage at the supply point of plant generator drops. This drop in voltage is used as a signal in undervoltage relay. Reverse Power Relay During prefault state, power was being fed to the plant.

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

Undervoltage Relay If the fault on the grid is close to the plant, voltage at the supply point of plant generator drops. This drop in voltage is used as a signal in undervoltage relay. Reverse Power Relay During prefault state, power was being fed to the plant. During fault in the utility system, the plant will be isolated from the grid and it may be connected to the downstream loads.

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

Undervoltage Relay If the fault on the grid is close to the plant, voltage at the supply point of plant generator drops. This drop in voltage is used as a signal in undervoltage relay. Reverse Power Relay During prefault state, power was being fed to the plant. During fault in the utility system, the plant will be isolated from the grid and it may be connected to the downstream loads. Then, power will ow in reverse direction from plant generator to feed the downstream loads.

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

Undervoltage Relay If the fault on the grid is close to the plant, voltage at the supply point of plant generator drops. This drop in voltage is used as a signal in undervoltage relay. Reverse Power Relay During prefault state, power was being fed to the plant. During fault in the utility system, the plant will be isolated from the grid and it may be connected to the downstream loads. Then, power will ow in reverse direction from plant generator to feed the downstream loads. This reversal of power ow can be used to island the plant generator.

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

Operation of Reverse Power Flow Pelay

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

Operation of Reverse Power Relay

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

Power System Dynamics Overview System Protection Relays Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay Lightning Protection Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices Summary

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Overvoltages Lightning discharges produce overvoltage surges and they are extremely harmful. Lightning overvoltages can be classied as Induced overvoltages. Overvoltages due to shielding failures. Overvoltages by back ashovers.

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

Power System Dynamics Overview System Protection Relays Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay Lightning Protection Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices Summary

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Lightning Protection Devices The most commonly used devices for protection against lightning are: Shielding by earth wires. Proper earthing of transmission towers. Surge Arrestors like ZnO varistor.

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary

Protection Paradigms - System Protection

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Power System Dynamics
Overview

System Protection Relays

Example System Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay

Summary Power System Dynamics. Various System Protection Relays. Lightning Protection.

Lightning Protection
Lightning Overvoltages Lightning Protection Devices

Summary