Minimum total PE

F
1
F
2
u
1
u
2
1 2
k=AE/L
X = 0 X = L
SPAR/TRUSS/BAR element
1
Assume deformation,
At x = 0, u = u
1
and x = L, u = u
2
bx a u + =
2 2 1 1 2 1
1 u N u N u
L
x
u
L
x
u + = +
|

\
|
=
[ ] [ ]{ } D N
u
u
N N u N u N u =
)
`

= + =
2
1
2 1 2 2 1 1
N
1
& N
2
Shape functions or interpolation functions
x
N
x
N = = , 1
SPAR/TRUSS/BAR element
2
L
x
N
L
x
N = =
2 1
, 1
Strain,
{ }
{ } { } [ ]{ } D B D
L L
u
u
x
N
x
N
x
u
=
(

= =>
)
`

= =
1 1
2
1
2 1

{ } [ ]{ } { } { } { } { }


=
=
n
i
i i
T T T
P dV B U dS T U dV C
1
2
1

No tractions and body loads
{ } [ ] [ ][ ]{ }
2 2 1 1
2
1
u F u F Adx D B C B D
T T
=

SPAR/TRUSS/BAR element
3
2 2 1 1
2

{ } [ ] [ ][ ] [ ]{ } { } { } F D D Adx B C B D
T T T
=

2
1
[ ] [ ] [ ][ ]Adx B C B k
T

= Stiffness matrix,
{ } [ ]{ } { } { } F D D k D
T T
=
2
1
Minimum total PE =>
{ }
[ ]{ } { } F D k
D
= => =

0
[ ] [ ] [ ][ ] =

Adx B C B k
T
Stiffness matrix,
SPAR/TRUSS/BAR element
4
[ ] [ ] [ ][ ]
[ ]
[ ]
(

= =>
(

(
(
(

= =>
=

1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1
0
L
AE
k
dx
L L
EA
L
L
k
Adx B C B k
L
)
`

=
)
`

2
1
2
1
1 1
1 1
F
F
u
u
L
AE