CHNG II:

BANG TUAN HOAN CAC NTHH

VA NH LUAT TUAN HOAN

I/ Nguyen tac sap xep cac ngto trong BTH : 3 nguyen tac
Theo chieu ien tch hat nhan tang dan
Nguyen t co cung so lp e xep thanh 1 hang ( chu ky)
Nguyen t co cung so e hoa tr xep thanh 1 cot ( nhom )
Bang tuan hoan co 7 chu k ( 3 chu k nho; 4 chu k ln) ; 8 nhom ,
18 cot gom 8 nhom A; 8 nhom B (10 cot).
II/ Cau tao bang tuan hoan:
1.Chu k: la day cac ngto ma ngt cua chung co cung so lp e, c
xep theo chieu ien tch hat nhan tang dan.
So th t chu k ng vi so lp e
Chu k 1 ch co 2 nguyen to ( H va He)
Chu k 7 cha ay u
Cac chu k con lai; ;moi chu k eu bat au bang 1 kim loai kiem, cham
dt bang 1 kh tr (kh hiem)
So e lp ngoai cung tang dan t 1 en 8
2.Nhom va khoi
- Nhom ngto la tap hp cac ngto ma ngt co cau hnh e tng t nhau,
do o co tnh chat hoa hoc gan giong nhau va c xep thanh 1 cot.
- Ngt cac ngto trong cung 1 nhom co so electron hoa tr bang nhau va
bang so th t cua nhom.
So e hoa tr = so e ngoai cung + so e phan lp sat ngoai cung cha
bao hoa.
Nhom A la ngto s, p. Nhom B la ngto d, f.
So th t nhom A = so e ngoai cung.
So th t nhom B = e hoa tr
Co 18 cot c chia thanh 8 nhom A va 8 nhom B; moi nhom la 1 cot
rieng nhom VIIIB co 3 cot
- Khoi:
Khoi cac nguyen to s ( nhom IA ; IIA)
Khoi cac nguyen to p ( nhom IIIA en VIIIA)
Khoi cac nguyen to d va khoi cac nguyen to f
Nhom
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
Oxyt
R2O RO R2O3 RO R2O5 RO R2O
cao
2
3
7
nhat
Hp
Hp chat ran RH RH3
RH RH
chat
4
2
kh vi
H
Hoa tr cao nhat vi oxi + hoa tr so hidro( cua phi kim) =8
III. S bien oi tuan hoan tnh chat cua cac nguyen to
1.
Tnh kim loai, phi kim
Tnh kim loai cua nguyen to la kha nang nhng electron cua nguyen
t nguyen to e tr thanh ion dng

 Tnh phi kim la kha nang thu electron cua nguyen t cua nguyen to
e tr thanh ion am.
2. Ban knh cong hoa tr, ban knh ion.
a. Ban knh cong hoa tr

Ban knh cong hoa tr cua mot nguyen to bang khoang

cach gia hat nhan 2 nguyen t cua mot nguyen to tao nen lien
ket cong hoa tr
0
0
Vd: H H d = 0,74 A ; rH = 0,37 A
0

Cl Cl d = 1,998 A ; rCl = 0,99 A

b.Ban knh ion:

S tach bi electron ra khoi nguyen t e tr thanh ion

dng kem theo s giam ban knh

S thu them electron vao nguyen t e tr thanh ion am

luon theo s tang ban knh
0
0
Vd: rNa = 1,86 A ; rNa + = 1,16 A
RCl= 0,99 A ; rCl = 1, 67 A
3. Nang lng ion hoa (I):
Nang lng ion hoa cua mot nguyen to la nang lng toi thieu can e
tach 1 electron ra khoi nguyen t trang thai c ban.
Vd: H H+ + 1e ; IH = 13,6 eV
oi vi nguyen t co nhieu electron, ngoai nang lng ion hoa lan th
nhat(I1) con co nang lng ion hoa th hai( I 2), lan th ba(I3). Vi I1< I2
< I3.< In
0

4.o am ien:
o am ien cua mot nguyen to la kha nang cua nguyen t nguyen
to o hut electron ve pha no trong phan t
Mot phi kim manh co o am ien ln; ngc lai mot kim loai manh co
o am ien nho

* Tom tat qui luat bien oi:

I1

BK
N
T

KL

PK

Chu k
(trai p
hai)
Nhom
A
(tren d
i)
* Trong mot chu k khi i t trai sang phai: Tnh baz cua cac oxyt va
hidroxyt tng ng giam dan, tnh axit cua chung tang dan.
Trong mot nhom A theo chieu t tren xuong di: Tnh baz cua cac
oxyt va hidroxit tng ng tang dan, tnh axit cua chung giam dan( tr
nhom VIII)

IV. nh Luat Tuan Hoan

Tnh chat cua cac ngto va n chat, cung nh thanh phan va

tnh chat cua cac hp chat tao nen t cac nguyen to o bien
oi tuan hoan theo chieu tang cua ien tch hat nhan nguyen
t.

BI TP
1. So th t cua nguyen to trong HTTH cho ta biet nhng g ?
2. nh ngha: chu ky, nhom, phan nhom A ,B
3. Giai thch s bien thien tnh kim loai trong cung chu ky va cung phan nhom.
4. Mot nguyen to hoa hoc thuoc chu ky 3, phan nhom chnh nhom VI trong
HTTH. Hoi :
a) Nguyen t cua nguyen to o co bao nhieu e lp ngoai cung? Cac e
ngoai cung lp th may?
b) Cho biet so lp e va so e trong moi lp cua nguyen to tren.
5. Nguyen nhan nao lam cho tnh chat cua cac nguyen to bien thien tuan
hoan khi ien tch hat nhan tang dan? Cho biet s thay oi so e ngoai cung
cua cac nguyen t khi Z tang dan t 3 36.
6. Cho cac ngto A( Z=10); B (Z=13); D( Z= 19) ; E( Z= 9). Hay cho biet:
a. Cau hnh electron cac nguyen t cua nguyen to tren?
b. Xac nh v tr cua cac nguyen to tren trong BTH?
c. Cho biet tnh chat cac nguyen to o?
7.Nt cua nguyen to X, Y co cau hnh electron lan lt la:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s2 va 1s2 2s2 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2. Hoi:
a. So proton co trong ngt, so th t cua cua nguyen to trong BTH?
b. So lp electron va so electron lp ngoai cung?
c. Nguyen to X, Y thuoc chu k th may va thuoc nhom nao?
8. Cho 4 nguyen to: A( Z= 20), B( Z = 35), C( Z = 47), D( Z = 31)
a) Viet cau hnh e.
b) Cho biet so lp e ? so e lp ngoai cung ? v tr trong HTTH.
9. Cho 3 nguyen to A, B, C.
A thuoc chu ky 4, nhom IIA.
B thuoc chu ky 3, nhom VIIA.
C thuoc chu ky 5, nhom IA.
a) Hay oc ten va cho biet so Z cua A, B, C.
b) Cho biet cau hnh e va so e moi lp .
c) Viet phng trnh phan ng gia A vi B, B vi C.
10. Cho biet nguyen to A, B, C, D lan lt co e sau chot la: A (5s 1); B (3p6); C (4p5);
D (2p3)
a) Hoi so chu ky ? So nhom ? Chnh hay phu? Ten A, B, C, D.
b) Viet cau hnh e ay u cua A, B, C, D.
11.Biet nguyen to Selen thuoc chu ky 4, nhom VIA. Hay cho biet :
Se la kim loai hay phi kim.
Hoa tr cao nhat vi oxi.Cong thc oxyt cao nhat.
Cong thc hidroxyt tng ng.
Co tnh axit hay baz.

Cong thc hp chat kh vi hidro.

So sanh tnh chat cua Se so vi cac nguyen to cung chu ky va phan nhom.
12.
Biet 1 nguyen to A co so th t la 35, thuoc chu ky 4, nhom VIIA.
Hay cho biet cau tao nguyen t cua nguyen to A. Viet cau hnh e cua A.
13. Biet cau hnh e cua 1 nguyen t X la 1s 2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1.

Hay suy ra v tr cua X trong HTTH.

14. So sanh tnh baz cua Ca(OH) 2 va Ba(OH)2, Si(OH)4 va Ge(OH)4.
So sanh tnh axit cua H2SiO3 va H2GeO3.
15. Khi cho 0,25g 1 kim loai thuoc nhom IIA vao nc, giai phong 140ml kh H 2 (kc).
Xac nh ten kim loai.
16.
Hai nguyen to A, B ng ke tiep nhau trong cung 1 chu ky cua HTTH
co tong ien tch dng la 25.

a) Xac nh v tr cua a, B trong HTTH.

b) Viet cau hnh e cua 2 nguyen to o.
c) D oan tnh chat hoa hoc c ban cua chung.
17.Hai nguyen to X,Y hai o lien tiep trong mot chu k cua bang tuan hoan va
co tong so proton bang 27. Hay viet cau hnh electron nguyen t va xac
nh v tr cua chung trong bang tuan hoan.
18.A,B la 2 nguyen to trong cung mot nhom va 2 chu k lien tiep cua bang
tuan hoan. Tong so proton trong hat nhan cua 2 nguyen t A va B bang 32.
Xac nh ten 2 nguyen to o.
19. Khoi lng phan t cua Sunfua cua 1 nguyen to nhom VIA t le vi khoi
lng phan t cua bromua cua cung nguyen to o la

23
87

Da vao HTTH goi ten nguyen to o.

20. Cho hidroxyt mot kim loai nhom IIA tac dung va u vi dd H 2SO4 20% th thu
c 1 dung dch muoi co nong o 21,9%.

a) Xac nh ten kim loai o.

b) Viet cau hnh e cua ion X2+ cua kim loai o.

21. Cho 3 nguyen to A, B, C co cau hnh e lp ngoai cung tng ng la: ns 1, ns2
np1, ns2 np5 (vi n = 3)
a) Hay xac nh v tr (chu ky, nhom, so th t) cua A, B, C trong HTTH.
b) Viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra gia A va C; B va C.
22. Mot nguyen to R co hp chat vi H la RH 2. Trong oxyt bac cao nhat co
60,2% oxi.
Xac nh MR. Viet cau hnh e cua R va cho biet R la kim loai hay phi kim.
23. Oxyt cao nhat cua 1 nguyen to ng vi cong thc R 2O5. Hp chat cua no
vi hidro co %H = 8,82.
Tm MR va ten R.
24. a) Cho 16,2g kim loai A thuoc nhom IIA tac dung vi 63,9g Clo, phan ng xay
ra va u. Xac nh kim loai A.

b) Neu cho 21,6g A tac dung vi HCl d th the tch kh bay ra la bao nhieu
kc

25. Nguyen to X co 34 hat nhom IA.

a) Xac nh X.
b) Cho 4,6g X vao 500g dd H 2SO4 20%. Tnh V kh bay ra kc va C% dung dch thu
c.
26. Cho 6,2g hon hp 2 kim loai kiem A, B vao 100g H 2O thu c 2,24 lt H2 bay
ra(kc). A, B lien nhau
a) Xac nh A, B.
b) Tnh C% cua dung dch thu c.
27. A, B la 2 nguyen to cung 1 nhom va thuoc 2 chu ky lien tiep trong HTTH.
Tong so proton trong 2 hat nhan nguyen t cua A va B bang 32.
Viet cau hnh e cua A, B va xac nh A, B.
S : Z1 + Z2 = 32 ; Z2 = Z1 + 8
28.
Hp chat A co cong thc MX n trong o M chiem 46,67% ve khoi
lng. M la kim loai, X la phi kim chu ky 3.
Trong hat nhan cua M co n p = 4.

Trong hat nhan ca X co n = p

Tong so p trong MXn la 58.
Xac nh ten, so khoi cua M; so th t cua X trong HTTH. Viet cau hnh e cua X.
S : AM = Z + N
(N = Z + 4)
= 2Z + 4
AX
= 2Z
( Z = N)
Ta co: Z + nZ
= 58
(1)

2Z + 4
= 0,4667
2Z + 4 + 2nZ '

(2)

29. X la nguyen to thuoc nhom VIIA. Oxyt cao nhat cua X co phan t lng la 183
vC.
a) Xac nh X.
b) Y la 1 kim loai hoa tr III. Cho 1,344 lt kh X (kc) tac dung vi Y thu c 5,34g
muoi. Xac nh Y.
30.
Da vao HTTH sap xep cac nguyen to sau theo chieu :
a) Tang dan tnh kim loai (co giai thch).
Na, K, Al, Mg.
K, Rb, Na, Mg.
Be, Ca, Mg, B.
b) Giam dan tnh phi kim (co giai thch).
Cl, P, S, F.
N, F, O, P.
31. Cho 4 nguyen to vi Z lan lt la: 12, 16, 19, 17
a.Sap xep theo chieu tang dan cua ban knh nguyen t, o am ien, nang
lng ion hoa, tnh kim loai
b.Xac nh cong thc oxit cao nhat cua cac nguyen to tren va so sanh tnh
baz cua chung
c.Xac nh cong thc hidroxit cua chung va so sanh tnh axit cua chung.
32..Viet cong thc hp chat kh vi hidro va cong thc oxit cao nhat (neu co)
cua cac nguyen to thuoc :
a) nhom IA, IVA, VIIA. b) Chu ky 3.
33. Viet t nhat 6 cong thc muoi tao nen t cac nguyen to thuoc :
a) Chu ky 2.
b) Chu ky 3.
34. Cho 0,3g kim loai co hoa tr khong oi tac dung vi H 2O thu c 168ml H2
(kc).
Xac nh ten kim loai.
S : Ca
35. Hoa tan mot oxit cua nguyen to thuoc nhom IIA bang 1 lng va u dung
dch H2SO4 10% th c 1 dung dch muoi nong o 11,8%.
Xac nh ten nguyen to.
S : Mg
36.Cho ag kim loai nhom IIA tac dung hoan toan vi dung dch HCl c 0,8g kh
hidro va 125g dung dch X trong o muoi co nong o 30,4%.

Xac nh ten kim loai va khoi lng a gam.

S : Mg ; 9,6g.
37. A la nguyen to chu ky 3, hp chat X cua A vi cacbon cha 25% cacbon
ve khoi lng. Biet MX = 144 vC.
Xac nh ten nguyen to A.
S : Al
38. Hoa tan 2g mot kim loai thuoc nhom IIA bang 200ml dung dch HCl 2M. e
trung hoa axit d can 100ml dung dch NaOH 3M.

a) Xac nh ten kim loai.

b) Tnh khoi lng CuO tac dung het lng kh H2 sinh ra.
39. Cho 3g hon hp gom kim loai Na va kim loai kiem R tac dung het vi nc
thu c dung dch A. e trung hoa dung dch A phai dung dung dch cha 0,2
mol HCl.

a) Xac nh kim loai kiem R.

b) Tnh khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp au.
40. Oxit cao nhat cua 1 nguyen to R co cong thc RO 3. Hp chat kh vi hidro cua
no chiem 5,88% hidro.
a) Xac nh R.
b) Viet cong thc hp chat kh vi hidro va cong thc oxit cao nhat cua R.
c) Xac nh thanh phan % cua oxi trong oxit tren.
S : S, 60%
41. Mot nguyen to co hoa tr oi vi hidro va hoa tr vi oxi bang nhau. Trong
oxit cao nhat cua nguyen to o, oxi chiem 53.3%.
Hay goi ten nguyen to.
42. Cho 4,68g mot kim loai kiem tac dung vi 27,44ml H 2O thu c 1,344 lt hidro va
dung dch X.
a) Xac nh nguyen t lng kim loai kem va ten.
b) Tnh C% chat tan trong dung dch X.
43. Mot nguyen to R ket hp vi hidro tao thanh hp chat kh co cong thc RH 3.
Oxit cao nhat cua nguyen to nay co 65,2% R ve khoi lng. Tm nguyen t khoi
cua R
44. Hoa tan het 13,7 g kim loai M co hoa tr II trong 50 g nc sinh ra 2,24 lt kh H 2
(kc) .
a. Xac nh ten kim loai M
b. Tnh nong o % cua dung dch baz thu c

TOAN R2On RH8-n

* Cac dang toan :
Dang 1: Oxit cao nhat cua mot nguyen to ng vi cong thc RO 3 , vi Hiro no
tao thanh mot hp chat kh cha 94,12% R ve khoi lng. Tm khoi lng nguyen
t va ten nguyen to?
Bai giai:
- Oxit cao nhat la RO3 nen R co hoa tr VI vi oxi => R thuoc nhom VIA
- => Cong thc vi Hiro : RH2
- %H = 100 94,12 = 5,88
- Goi MR la khoi lng cua R ; ta co t le:
MR
2M H
MR
2
=

=
%R
%H
94,12 5,88
- => MR = 32
- R la Lu Huynh (S)
Dang 2: em oxi hoa 2 gam mot nguyen to co hoa tr IV bi oxi ta thu c 2,54
gam oxit. Xac nh ten nguyen to?
Bai giai:
- at nguyen to hoa tr IV la R (x mol)
- Phng trnh hoa hoc: R + O2
RO2
x mol
x mol
- mR = MR x = 2 (1)
- mRO2 = (MR + 16 2 ) x = 2,54 (2)
- Giai he phng trnh : => x = 0,016875 (mol) => MR = 118,52
R la Thiec (Sn)

BAI LUYEN TAP:

1.

Dang 1:
Oxit cao nhat cua mot nguyen to ng vi cong thc R 2O5 , vi Hiro no
tao thanh mot hp chat kh cha 8,82% H ve khoi lng. Tm khoi lng
nguyen t va ten nguyen to?
S : 31 - P

2.

Oxit cao nhat cua mot nguyen to ng vi cong thc R 2O7 , vi Hiro no
tao thanh mot hp chat kh cha 0,78% H ve khoi lng. Tm khoi lng
nguyen t va ten nguyen to?
S : 127 - Iot
3.
Nguyen t cua nguyen to R co 5 electron lp ngoai cung. Oxit cao nhat
cua mot nguyen to cha 25,93% R ve khoi lng. Tm khoi lng nguyen t
va ten nguyen to?
S : 14 - N
4.
Nguyen t cua nguyen to R co 4 electron lp ngoai cung. Hp chat kh
vi hiro cua R cha 25% H ve khoi lng. Tm khoi lng nguyen t va ten
nguyen to?
S : 12 - C
5. Mot nguyen to co hp chat kh cua hiro la RH 4. Oxit cua no cha 53,33% oxi
ve khoi lng. Hay xac nh ten nguyen to?
S : 28 - Si
6. Mot nguyen to co hp chat kh cua hiro la RH 2. Oxit cua no cha 60% oxi ve
khoi lng. Hay xac nh ten nguyen to?
S:32-S

7. Oxyt cao nhat cua mot nguyen to ng vi cong thc RO 3, hp chat kh

cua no vi hidro cha 94,12% nguyen to R. Xac nh nguyen to R
8. Mot nguyen to thuoc phan nhom chnh nhom VI. Hp chat kh vi hidro
cua no chiem 5,88% hidro.Tm nguyen to o. Viet cong thc hp chat
kh vi hidro va cong thc oxit cao nhat cua R. Tnh % oxi trong oxit cao
nhat cua R
9. Nguyen to co so e ngoai cung la 3e, oxyt cao nhat cua no cha 74,3%
nguyen to o. Xac nh ten nguyen to o
10.
Nguyen to X nhom IIIA tao vi Clo 1 hp chat ma trong o X chiem
20,2% ve khoi lng. Xac nh ten nguyen to o.
11.
Oxit cao nhat cua R ng vi cong thc R 2Ox. Phan t lng cua oxit
la 183 u co thanh phan ve khoi lng cua oxy la 61,2%.Xac nh
nguyen to R. Viet cau hnh electron cua R va cong thc hidroxit cua R
12.Nguyen to R co cong thc vi H la RH. Trong RH nguyen to R cha
97,26% ve khoi lng
a. Xac nh nguyen t lng va ten nguyen to R.
b. Cho 5,6 lt R(kc) tac dung vi Al. Tnh khoi lng Al p.
13.Oxit cao nhat cua 1 nguyen to ng vi cong thc RO 3. Hp chat kh vi
Hidro cua no co 94,12% khoi lng nguyen to R
a. Tm khoi lng nguyen t va ten cua R
b. Tnh the tch kh (kc) cua 1,7 gam hp chat kh noi tren.
Dang 2:
1.Khi cho 0,6 gam mot kim loai nhom IIA tac dung vi nc tao ra 0,336 lt kh
hiro( ktc). Xac nh ten kim loai o?
S : Ca
2. Khi cho 1,38 gam mot kim loai nhom IA tac dung vi nc tao ra 0,2 gam kh
hiro. Xac nh ten kim loai o?
S : Li
3.Khi cho 1,11 gam mot kim loai nhom IA tac dung vao 4,05 gam nc tao ra kh
hiro u tac dung vi ong(II) oxit cho ra 5,12 gam ong kim loai.
a) Xac nh ten kim loai o?
b) Tnh nong o % chat trong dung dch thu c sau phan ng vi nc?
S : a) Li
b) 76,48
4. em oxi hoa 5,4 gam mot kim loai M bi oxi ta thu c 10,2 gam oxit co cong
thc M2O3. Xac nh ten nguyen to?
S : Al

5 .Khi cho 23,4 gam mot kim loai kiem M tac dung vi nc tao ra 6,72 lt kh
hiro( ktc). Xac nh ten kim loai o?
S : K
6. Khi cho 11,5 gam mot kim loai nhom IA tac dung vi nc tao ra 5,6 lt kh
hiro( ktc). Xac nh ten kim loai o?
S : Na
7. Cho 0,48 gam nguyen to B nhom IIA vao 200 gam dung dch HCl 3,65% thu c
0,448 lt kh hiro(ktc).
a) Xac nh ten nguyen to B?
b) Tnh nong o % cac chat trong dung dch thu c sau phan ng?
a) Mg
b) 2,914 va 0,948
8. Cho 0,78 gam kim loai A co hoa tr 1 vao 200g nc th thu c dung dch B va
0,224 lt kh H2
a) Xac nh ten nguyen to A?
b) Tnh nong o % cua dung dch B thu c sau phan ng?
S : a) K
b) 0,558

9. Cho 10 gam mot kim loai X hoa tr II vao 200g H2O th co 0,25 mol kh bay ra.
a. Xac nh kim loai X
b. Tnh nong o mol cua dung dch
c.Tnh nong o % dung dch baz thu c
10. Hoa tan hoan toan 4,05 gam mot kim loai A thuoc pnc nhom III vao 294,4
gam dung dch HCl(va u) thu c 5,04 lt kh(kc) va dung dch B
a.Xac nh kim loai A
b. Tnh nong o % dung dch HCl s dung va dung dch B
11. Cho 5,6 gam kim loai kiem tac dung vi 200 gam H 2O tao thanh kh A va
dung dch B. Cho kh A nay i qua CuO nung nong th thu c 25,6 gam kim
loai. Tm ten kim loai va tnh nong o % dung dch B.
12.Cho 0,72 gam kim loai M(hoatr II) va dung dch HCl d th co 672ml kh (kc)
bay ra
a.Xac nh kim loai M
b.Lay 1 phan muoi tren cho tac dung va u vi 100 cm 3 dung dch
AgNO3 th thu c 2,87 gam ket tua. Tnh CM cua AgNO3 a dung
13. Cho 3,12 gam kim loai A(hoa tr II) tac dung vi 200 gam dung dch HCl d.
Sau phan ng thu c dung dch cha 12,35 gam muoi va V(l) kh kc
a.Tm A va khoi lng kh thoat ra
b.Tnh nong o % muoi trong dung dch sau phan ng
14.Hoa tan hoan toan 1,44 gam kim loai co hoa tr II bang 250 ml dung dch
H2SO4 0,3M. sau phan ng ta phai dung het 60 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M e
trung hoa het lng axit d. Xac nh ten kim loai va nong o mol/ lt cua
muoi trong dung dch
15.Cho 5,4g kim loai M tac dung het vi oxi thu c 10,2g oxit cao nhat co
cong thc M2O3. nh ten M.
16.Cho 0,6 g kim loai nhom IIA tac dung vi nc d thu c 0,336 lt (ktc).
Xac nh kim loai.
17.Cho 4,6g kim loai Na tac dung vi mot phi kim nhom VIA thu c 7,8g
muoi. nh ten phi kim o.
18.e hoa tan hoan toan 7,8g hiroxit cua kim loai X co hoa tr III phai
dung het 10,95g axit HCl. Xac nh ten kim loai.
19.Cho 4,68g kim loai kiem tac dung vi 27,44 ml nc (d) thu c 1,344 lt
hiro (ktc) va dd X.
a.Xac nh kim loai kiem.
b. Tnh nong o % chat tan trong dd X.
20.Cho 6,2g hh 2 kim loai kiem A va B vao 100g nc (d) thu c 2,24 lt kh
(ktc). A va B ke tiep nhau trong nhom A.

a. Xac nh ten A va B.
b. Tnh nong o % cac chat tan trong dd thu c.
21.Cho 0,3 g mot kim loai co hoa tr khong oi tac dung het vi nc
thu c 168 ml kh H2 (ktc). Xac nh kim loai.
DANG NANG CAO:
1.Cho hiroxit mot kim loai thuoc nhom IIA tac dung va u vi dung dch H 2SO4 20%
th thu c mot dung dch muoi co nong o 24,553%.
a) Xac nh ten nguyen to kim loai?
b) Viet cau hnh electron cua ion X2+ cua kim loai o.
S : Mg
2.Khoi lng phan t cua oxit cao nhat cua mot nguyen to A gan bang 44.nh
khoi lng
nguyen t va ten nguyen to A, viet cong thc oxit cao nhat cua no.
S : CO2
3.Khoi lng phan t cua oxit cao nhat cua mot nguyen to B gan bang 142.nh
khoi lng nguyen t va ten nguyen to B.
S : P2O5
4.Ngi ta dung 14,6 gam HCl th va u e hoa tan het 11,6 gam hiroxit cua kim
loai A hoa tr 2. Tm cong thc hiroxit cua kim loai A?
S : Mg(OH)2
5. Nguyen to R tao hp chat kh vi hidro co cong thc RH 3. Nguyen to nay chiem
25,9% ve khoi lng trong oxit cao nhat.
a) Xac nh ten R.
b) Hoa tan 18,9 gam hidroxit cua R vao 80,1 gam nc thu c ddA. Cho them vao
ddA 150 gam dd KOH 16,8% thu c dd B.
_ Tnh C% ddA.
_ Tnh C% ddB.
_ e trung hoa dd B can phai dung ddHCl 20% hay ddKOH 10%, khoi lng la
bao nhieu.
6. Hp chat kh vi hidro cua R co cong thc RH. Trong oxit cao nhat, R chiem
38,8% ve khoi lng.
a) Xac nh R.
b) e hoa tan het 6 gam kim loai A hoa tr II can 182,5 gam dd RH 10% tren, thu
c ddB va kh C ( ktc).
_ Xac nh kim loai A.
_ Tnh V lt kh C.

_ Tnh C% ddB.

E N TP 1 TIET LAN 2
E 1

Bi 1 (1,5): Hai ngt A v B hai chu k nh k tip nhau thuc cng mt nhm A c tng s
proton trong hai ht nhn l 24. Hy xc nh tn hai ngt, vit cu hnh e v nu v tr ca A v B trong
BTH.
Bi 2 (1,5): Nguyn t R to hp cht kh vi hidro c dng cng thc RH 3. Trong hp cht oxit cao nht
ca R c cha 74,07% oxi v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t R.
Bi 3 (2): Khi ho tan hon ton 12,4g mt hn hp hai kim loi hai chu k k tip nhau thuc cng
nhm IA vo 100g nc (d) thu c 4,48 (l) kh iu kin tiu chun. Xc nh tn hai kim loi
v tnh nng % ca mi cht trong dd thu c sau p.
Bi 4 (2):
a. Sp xp cc nguyn t theo th t tnh kim loi gim dn: 11Na; 8O; 15P; 7N ; 19K.
b. Sp xp cc hiroxit ca 4 nguyn t sau theo th t tnh axit tng dn: 16S; 15P; 14Si; 17Cl.
Bi 5 (1): Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t v xc nh v tr cc nguyn t sau trong bng tun hon: 25Mn;
Zn; 2He; 18Ar.

30

Bi 6 (2) : Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 9. Nguyn t ca nguyn

t Y c tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht mang in ca A l 8. Xc nh tn hai nguyn t X v Y.
Vit cng thc oxit cao nht ca X v Y.

E 2:
Bai 1 (2): Viet cau hnh e ngt va xac nh v tri cac ngto trong bang
tuan hoan: Ca (Z = 20) ; Br (Z = 35) ; Cu (Z = 29) ; P (Z = 15)
Bai 2 (2) :
a) Sap xep cac ngto sau theo th t tnh kim loai giam dan : Na(Z =
11) ; C(Z = 6) ; O (Z = 8) ; Al (Z = 13) ; Si (Z = 14)
b) Sap xep cac hiroxit sau theo chieu tang dan tnh axit: H 2SiO3 ; H2SO4 ;
HClO4 ; H3PO4 . Cho Si (Z = 14) ; S (Z = 16) ; Cl (Z = 17) ; P (Z = 15).
Bai 3 (2) : Ngto R co CT oxit cao nhat la RO 2. Trong hp chat vi hiro cua R
co 12,5% Hiro ve khoi lng. Xac nh ngto R.
Bai 4 (2) : Hoa tan hoan toan 5,4g hon hp hai kim loai kiem vao 44,8g
nc thay thoat ra 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). Cho biet 2 kim loai kiem 2 chu k
lien tiep nhau trong bang tuan hoan.
a) Tm 2 kim loai .
b) Tnh nong o % tng chat trong dd sau phan ng.
Bai 5 (2) : Oxi hoa hoan toan 10,8g kim loai R co hoa tr III bang oxi d thu
c 20,4g oxit. Tm ngto R.