Radiation Heat Transfer

e = emissive power
G = total irradiation
J = total radiosity
1 = + + t o
In general:
Opaque material:
1 = + o
o = absorptivity
= reflectivity
t = transmissivity
c = emissivity
o=c

e

T
1
T
2
T
3
Energy
e
Ideal Emitter Schematic
T
3
> T
2
> T
1

Radiation Heat Transfer
Black Body
absorptivity = o=1
emissivity = c=1
ideal emissive power = e
b

4
T e
b
o =
1 = =c o
o f =
c f =
4
T e
gray
oc =
b gray
e e c =
Gray Body
absorptivity < 1
emissivity < 1
emissive power<1

e

Gray
Body
Black
Body

Energy
Real
Body
black
gray
e
e
= c
c o =
( ) c f =
Schematic
Radiation Heat Transfer
1 =
j
ij
F
1 ... ...
1 1 12 11
= +
n j
F F F F
ji j ij i
F A F A =
Thermal Equilibrium
View Factor: F
ij
= fraction of radiation
from surface i intercepted by surface j.
1
2
Radiation Heat Transfer
1 b
e
1
J
2
J
R
J
1 1
1
1
c
c
A

2 2
2
1
c
c
A

R
F A
1 1
1
12 1
1
F A
R
F A
2 2
1
No net heat flux wall
Analog
circuit
12
Q

1 12 12
A q Q =

Find:
2 b
e
X
1 2
R
R
Radiation Heat Transfer
1 b
e
1
J
2
J
2 b
e
R
J
1 1
1
1
c
c
A

2 2
2
1
c
c
A

R
F A
1 1
1
12 1
1
F A
R
F A
2 2
1
R R
F A F A
2 2 1 1
1 1
+
1 b
e
1
J
2
J
2 b
e
1 1
1
1
c
c
A

2 2
2
1
c
c
A

12 1
1
F A
Radiation Heat Transfer
1 b
e
1
J
2
J
2 b
e
1 1
1
1
c
c
A

2 2
2
1
c
c
A
R R
F A F A
2 2 1 1
1 1
+
12 1
1
F A
1 b
e
1
J
2
J
2 b
e
1 1
1
1
c
c
A

2 2
2
1
c
c
A

R R
F A F A
F A
2 2 1 1
12 1
1 1
1
1
+
+
R R
F A F A
F A F A
2 2 1 1
12 1 12 1
1 1
1
+
+ =
Radiation Heat Transfer
1 b
e
1
J
2
J
2 b
e
1 1
1
1
c
c
A

2 2
2
1
c
c
A

12 1
1
F A
R R
F A F A
F A F A
2 2 1 1
12 1 12 1
1 1
1
+
+ =
2 2
2
12 1 1 1
1
1 1 1
c
c
c
c
A F A A

+ +

1 b
e
2 b
e
2 2
2
12 1 1 1
1
12 1
1 1 1
1
c
c
c
c
A F A A
A

+ +

= F
1 b
e
2 b
e
12 1
1
F A
4
2
4
1 1 12
T T A Q = o
12
F

2 1 1 12 b b
e e A Q =
12
F

12 1
tan F A ce Conduc =
Radiation Heat Transfer
R R
F A F A
F A F A
2 2 1 1
12 1 12 1
1 1
1
+
+ =
2 2
2
12 1 1 1
1
12 1
1 1 1
1
c
c
c
c
A F A A
A

+ +

= F
Radiation Heat Transfer
Consider the radiation
heat transfer between two
infinite parallel plates.
1
2
net
q
, 12
2 b
e
1 b
e
1
J
2
J
2 2
2
1
c
c
A

1 1
1
1
c
c
A

12 1
1
F A
1
21 12
= = F F
2 1
A A =
( )
2 2
2
12 1 1 1
1
2 1
1 12
1 1 1
c
c
c
c
A F A A
e e
A q
b b

+ +

=
( )
1
1 1
2 1
2 1
12
+

=
c c
b b
e e
q
1
Special Case
Radiation Heat Transfer
Consider the radiation heat
transfer between a small object
and infinite surroundings.
1
S
net S
q
, 1
bS
e
1 b
e
1
J
S
J
S S
S
A c
c 1
1 1
1
1
c
c
A

S
F A
1 1
1
1
1
=
S
F
0
1
~
S
A
A
( )
S S
bS b
S
A F A A
e e
A q
c
c
c
c
2
2
1 1 1 1
1
1
1 1
1 1 1
+ +

=
( )
bS b S
e e q =
1 1 1
c
1
0
1 = =
S S
c o
Special Case
4 4
1 1 1 S S
T T q = oc