ARC WELDING

LEARNING OUT COMES At the end of this lab work, student able to: Understand of arc welding in joining process such as make a T-joint. Know the problem that occurs on the arc welding process. Type of metal and electrode that are used in arc welding. Know the angles that are used in arc welding process.

INTRODUCTION The principle of arc welding is to attach a ground cable to the work piece .The machine was set to the correct amperage base on the thickness of the material.fit the electrode in the electrode holder and with the head shield down the strike the rod against the work to start a flow of current .That procedure intense heat and light and your seam together. elding thicker work piece re!uires more heat in the form of higher amperage from the machine. TOOL AND EQUIPMENT "# Ac$%c or combination of Ac$%c machine. &# 'lo(e. )# ire brush. *# +hipping hammer ,# Apron. -# .ead shield. /# 0lectrode holder. 1# 2ieces of metal.

SAFETY AND HEALTH "# ear safety e!uipment such as head shield, glo(e and apron before start welding. 4hield. )# +arry 5ut at a comfortable area and where the is good welding will be done away from the flammable materials. *# %o not disturbed other student that are still work. &# %on3t watch the ultra(iolet rays spatters when welding using eye without a head

THEORY The basic principal of arc welding in(ol(es heating or melting of the base metal using electric arc. The electric arc is formed when there is a (oltage difference between the metal coating at the end of the electrode and the surface of the metal. The Arc will produce enough to the melt the base metal and the end of the electrode to form a pool of molten metal. 6n this semester, T-joint is commonly found when joining two plates where one plate is perpendicular to other. The electrode should be at *,7 between two parts. 4o that, that e!ual heat and filler metal is directed onto both process.

PROCEDURE ". +lean the surface of the metal plate with wire brush before welding. 2lace as close to the weld as possible to the metal plate &. 8efore striking an arc, insert an electrode to the electrode holder. ). Adjust the electric current according to the electrode si9e 6 use "::;.Arc length between the plate n electrode is "$"- and )$)& in diameter --- "$"- in <".- mm#. *. eld along the base from left to right. although tilting it ahead ,. 2ositioning electrode holder = hold the electrode nearly perpendicular to the work,.

RESULT

CONLUSION At the end of this e>periment: There are problem occurs on the arc welding process. To get a best result of this arc welding process, student must know the angle that are used, concentration, and the mo(ement of the electrode and speed of mo(ing the electrode. The thickness of the metal and type of the electrode are used are the factor in arc welding process. ?actor that affect result of that arc welding.

GAS WELDING
LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this e>periment, student should know: .ow to using o>yacetylene gas in cutting and bra9ing process. Type of torch that are used Thickness of the metal that in(ol(ed in cutting and bra9ing process. Angle that are used in cutting and bra9ing process.

INTRODUCTION 5>yfuel gas welding or commonly know as gas welding use flame as source of heat. The flame is produced from mi>ture of fuel gas and pour o>ygen the flame melts the edges or surfaces of the joining metals. This allow the molten metal to flow together and form a solid continuous joint upon cooling elding methods or processes which fall under o>yfuel gas welding group are o>yacetylene welding<5A #, o>yhydrogen welding<5. #,pressure gas welding<2' #and air acetylene welding<AA #.

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS ". 5>ygen and acetylene gas cylinders for combustion. &. 2ressure regulator to adjust and stabili9e the gas pressure. ). Two-way (al(e to control the one way flow of o>ygen and acetylene gas. *. 'as hose to channel the gas from the cylinder to the torch. ,. 4pecial key to lock or unlock the o>ygen and acetylene gas cylinder (al(e. -. 4park lighter to ignite the welding torch. /. +utting torch. 1. 4ome pieces of metal. @. ?iller rod. ":. ?lu>s. "". ire brush.

"&. 'oggle. "). 'lo(e.

SAFETY AND HEALTH "# ear a face shield $ safety glasses at all times.

&# 5btain permission before use. )# 4tore separately -A 5>ygen and Acetylene cylinders. *# +hained 4ecurely -A 0!uipment connected to compressed gas cylinders. ,# 4tore cylinders outdoors in a well (entilated area. -# Keep caps on any cylinders not ha(ing regulators attached to them. /# ?ollow specific procedures for turning systems on and off <ten steps listed abo(e#. 1# Be(er e>pose e!uipment to oil or grease -A 4pontaneous fire possibility. @# Always wear leather glo(es and an apron. ":# Cearn to recogni9e the odors of combustible fuels. ""# 2rotect gas cylinder storage areas: Cock in a chain link fence. "&# 6n case other e!uipment catches fire, turn off the gas in the tank. ")# Keep all e!uipment or cylinders that can discharge gas pointed away from e(eryone and clothing. "*# Be(er lea(e clothing where it can be saturated with o>ygen or fuel gasses. a ",# "-# hen connections are opened or cylinders changed, check thoroughly for leaks. ork only in areas that are free from materials that will burn. cylinders. "1# Be(er work in an area without a fire e>tinguisher. "@# Be(er mo(e a cylinder without a cap. &:# Be(er lea(e a cylinder unattended without a cap.

"/# %o not bump or put pressure on e!uipment connected to compressed gas

OXYACETYLENE CUTTING
THEORY Oxyacetylene cutting process is use to cut metal. The melting of metal during pre heated is importing during the cutting, but the most important is the o>idation metal process during metal heated until it color become red, release pour o>ygen on it, this chemical reacting called o>idation process. OXYACETYLENE CUTTING PROCEDURE ". Dake sure work area is clean and tidy. &. 2repare the metal that you want to cut on the table. ). %etermine the si9e the cutting torch that suitable with the thickness of the metal. *. Dake a line on the surface the metal with chock, 4criber at the place that you want to cut. ,. 4park the torch and start the cutting at @:7 on the base metal. -. 4tart the cutting from the corner. Dake pre-heated on the metal until it like red. After that released the pour o>ygen to cut the metal. OXYACETYLENE CUTTING RESULT

BRAZING
THEORY Brazing is a process that didn3t melt the metal. 8ra9ing is joined two metal that different type, where the metal heated high than 1::? <*&/7+#.?iller rod is added on the surface of metal to make the easy to added filler rod put some flu> on it tip.

BRAZING PROCEDURE ". +lean the metal from grease, oil or anything that useless on the surface of metal. &. Eoint two of metal with pengapit to make it closes. ). +hoose the flu> that suitable for joining the metal. *. 2ut some flu> o the surface of metal. ,. .eats the metal on bra9e temperature, after that add the filler rod on the butt surface of two metal. -. 4top heat the metal when bra9e alloy close the surface joined. %o not make o(er heated because it can make the ionic bond of the metal become weak. /. Castly, brush the metal to see it joint.

BRAZING RESULT

CONLUSION At the end of this e>periment, students know: The problem that occurs on the metal <in cutting process and bra9ing process.# Type of torch are used in gas welding <cutting and bra9ing# Angle that are used in this gas welding. .ow to get the best heat of the cutting process ?actor that in(ol(ed in this gas welding< cutting and bra9ing#

REFFERENCE ". E&::) T5KB5C5'6 5FK4G52 B5T0