TENSES: PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS
SADANJA VREMENA: FORMA I UPOTREBA
PRESENT SIMPLE (Obino sadanje vreme)
FORMA
U tabeli je prikazano graenje
obinog sadanjeg vremena od glagola to work. Svi engleski glagoli osim to be menjaju se na ovaj nain. Za upitni i odrini oblik koristi se pomoni glagol do/does.
Potvrdni oblik Upitni oblik Odrini oblik I work (ja radim) I do not/dont work (ne radim) You do not/dont work He/she/it does not/doesnt work Do I work? (Da li ja radim?) Do you work?
You work (ti radi/vi radite) He/she/it works (on/ona/ono radi)
Does he/she/it work?
We work (mi radimo) They work (oni rade)
We dont work They dont work
Do we work? Do they work?
Izuzetak: glagol to be
Potvrdni oblik I am (a student) ja sam (student) You are (ti si / vi ste) He/she/it is (on/ona/ono je) We are (Mi smo) They are (oni su) Upitni oblik Am I? (Da li sam ja?) Odrini oblik I am not (Im not) ja nisam You are not (arent) He/she/it isnt We are not (arent) They are not (arent) Are you? Is he/she/it? Are we? Are they?
Glagol to be je izuzetno vaan jer
bez njega ne mogu nastati ni najjednostavnije reenice: Im a teacher. You are students. He is 20 years old. They are here. This is my friend. How are you? Im fine, thank you. What is your name? My name is Ana. Im Ana and shes Marina. We are best friends.
Gde greimo?
Ne dodajemo nastavak s na tree
lice jednine (he/she/it): Ne: *My new laptop work very well. Nego: My new laptop works very well. A dodajemo nastavak s u upitnom/odrinom obliku: *I know Karl doesnt works in a bank. I know Karl doesnt work in a bank.
Upotreba
Present Simple se upotrebljava za:
1.Stanja situacije koje traju due
vreme, ili stalno IBM is one of the largest computer companies in the world. He lives and works in Novi Sad. 2. Svakodnevne dogaaje rutina, neto to se ponavlja svaki dan, ili s vremena na vreme I usually get to work at about 8.00. My husband and I have coffee every morning. He usually walks to school, but sometimes he goes by bus.
Prilozi za vreme
Always
Usually Often Sometimes Rarely Never Every (day, morning, week, year) 3. injenice naune i druge: Water boils at 100C. 4. Program, raspored, red vonje
neto to je unapred utvreno: The train to London leaves at 7.40 and arrives at 8.45.
Present Continuous
Ovo sadanje vreme se gradi uz
pomo pomonog glagola to be u sadanjem vremenu i glavnog glagola na koji se dodaje nastavak ing. Za upitni i odrini oblik takoe koristimo pomoni glagol to be.
Potvrdni oblik Upitni oblik Am I working? Are you working? Is he working? Are we working? Are they working? Odrini oblik Im not working You arent working He isnt working We arent working They arent working I am working You are working He/she/it is working We are working They are working
Upotreba
Kako u srpskom jeziku postoji samo
jedno sadanje vreme prezent, i Present Continuous se prevodi isto: ja radim, ti radi, itd. Meutim, Present Continuous se upotrebljava za situacije koje su trenutne, a ne trajne: 1. Radnja u trenutku govora: I am standing. The students are listening. 2. Projekat koji je u toku (projekti ili aktivnosti koji traju jedno vreme, ak iako to nije u trenutku govora): At the moment our company is building a new bridge. Im preparing for a new school year.
Privremene situacije (koje traju u
ogranienom vremenskom periodu): He works as a lawyer. (P.S. stanje) He is studying to be a lawyer. (P.C. privremeno) Procesi i razvoji (promene koje se deavaju u sadanjosti): The price of oil is falling. Unemployment and inflation are growing.
Present S. I Present C. poreenje i razlika u upotrebi
1. Najoiglednija razlika je to se
P.S. koristi za stanja, a P.C.za radnju u trenutku govora: Jane is a secretary. Every morning she checks and replies to e-mails for her boss. It is Monday morning. At the moment, Jane is replying to an important e-mail. 2. Uobiajena i privremena radnja: Bill usually drives to work. However, this week he is taking the bus, because his car has broken down. 3. injenice i promene: Normally, political parties enjoy great popularity in their early years. However, all parties are losing
Glagoli stanja
To su glagoli koji se ne koriste u
Present C. Zato to ne oznaavaju neku aktivnost, ve stanja, emocije, itd.:
Glagoli miljenja Believe, doubt, guess, imagine, know, realize, suppose, understand
Glagoli ula Glagoli posedovanja Glagoli oseanja
Hear, smell, sound, taste, see Belong to, have, own, possess Like, dislike, hate, love, prefer, regret, want, wish Appear, seem Contain, depend on, include, involve, mean, measure, weigh, require
Glagoli izgledanja Ostali
