BASIC PRAYERS

SALAH
* MEANINGS OF SALAH
Salah has various meanings, including prayers, blessings and asking for mercy. In the
religious terms Salah is the name of the approved form of prayer which has been made
obligatory at its appointed time with certain required factors.

IMPORTANCE OF SALAH
a)

Salah is one of the most important pillars of Islam, which has been laid stress
upon in Holy Quran in about hundred places directly or indirectly.

b)

Salah has been a part of preachings of almost all heavenly religions but in
different ways, which has not been mentioned in the Holy Quran.

c)

The question, which will be asked first among all the good deeds of the believers
by the Almighty Allah in the next world about the Salah.

d)

Usually all the worships has been made obligatory on the believers by the
revelation of Almighty Allah on his Messenger, on the ground but Salah has been
made obligatory in the skies at the time of the ascension of the Holy Prophet to
heaven.

e)

Some worships are such which may be dropped under particular circumstances,
as for example, Fasting, Zakah, Hajj and Jehad etc. But Salah cannot be
dropped under any circumstances, whether a man is at home or travelling, in
health or suffers from illness, in war or peace.

THE HISTORY OF SALH IN ISLAM

At the initial stage only two prayers of two rakaat at the morning and in the evening were
obligatory.

Afterwards, it was raised to five times a day at the time of the ascension of the Holy
Prophet to heaven, about one and half years before migration.

It was not yet established as a congregation until migration. On his arrival at Madina the
Holy Prophet laid the foundation of a mosque at the village called Quba and aL Madina
'laid the foundation of another mosque called Masjid-e-Nabavi and then ordered to
establish Namaz in Congregation.

Azan was started in Second Hijri and the number of rakaat was raised to four accept all the
morning prayer which remained two as before while the raka'at of Magrib Prayer were raised to
three.
PROHIBITED SALAAT TIMES
There are three times during which no Fardh or Wajib Salaat can be performed (which become due
upon a person before the start of these times).
1.

From sunrise to after it has risen.

2.

When the sun is at its zenith at midday until it shifts from its position.

3.

When the sun turns yellow until it sets.

TIMES WHEN NAFL SALLAAT IS MAKROOH

After the rise of True Dawn (except the 2 Sunnat of Fajr);
After Fajr;
After Asr;
Before Maghrib Salaat;
When the Imam climbs on the Mimbar (pulpit) for the Khutbah (Sermon) and until he
completes the Salaat;
6. When the Iqamat is called (except for the Sunnats of Fajr which may be perform even
that time);
7. Before Eid Salaat, even at home;
8. After the Eid Salaat in the Masjid or Eidgah.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

RELIGIOUS, MORAL & SPRITUAL PHILOSOPHY OF SALH AND ITS BENEFITS

o SUPPLICATION AND HUMILATION BEFORE ALLAH
o REFRAINMENT FROM UNLAWFUL AND FORBIDDEN THINGS
o CONGREGATIONAL PRAYERS A GRAND SHOW OF BROTHERHOOD AND
EQUALITY

SAUM / FASTING

MEANINGS OF SAUM:
SAUM, LITERARY MEANS TO KEEP OFF.
IN SHARIAH TERMINOLOGY, IT MEANS TO KEEP OFF FROM EATING, DRINKING AND
COHABITING WITH THE SENCE OF WORSHIP FROM SUN RISE TO SUNSET.

THE IMPORTANCE OF SAUM:

THE FASTING IN THE MONTH OF RAMADAN HAS BEEN MADE OBLIGATORY
IN THE HOLY QURAN.
THE HOLY QURAN INDICATED THAT THE MONTH OF RAMADAN WAS FIXED
FOR THE WORSHIP OF FASTING BECAUSE IT IS THE MONTH IN WHICH
QURAN WAS ALSO REVEALED FOR THE GUIDENCE OF MAN KIND.
ACCORDING TO AHADITHS, THE REWARD OF VIRTUE IN THIS MONTH IS
GIVEN SEVENTY TIMES MORE THAN THAT IN THE ORDINARY DAYS.
THE SATANS ARE KEPT IN CUSTODY, ALL THE DOORS OF HELL ARE
CLOSED AND ALL THE DOORS OF PARADISE ARE OPENED.
FASTING IS A WORSHIP WHICH WAS OBSERVED BY THE FOLLOWERS OF
EARLIER PROPHETS TOO IN ONE FORM OR ANOTHER.

ITS OBLIGATION:

THE FASTING IN THE MONTH OF RAMADAN HAS BEEN MADE OBLIGATORY IN

2ND A.H.

FASTING OF RAMADAN IS OBLIGATORY FOR EVERY SANE, ADULT MAN AND

WOMAN.

THE FASTING OF RAMADAN DAYS IS NOT ALLOWED TO BE MISSED WITHOUT

RELIGIOUS EXCUSES.

CONDITIONS FOR THE VALIDITY OF SAUM:

ONE MUST BE IN RAMADAN

ONE MUST BE A ADULT

ONE MUST BE SANE

ONE MUST BE AWARE OF THE FACTIHAT FASTING IS OBLIGATORY ON

MUSLIMS

ONE MUST BE FREE FROM THOSE THINGS WHICH RENDER FASTING

EXCUSABLE

VALID REASON FOR NOT OBSERVING SAUM:

1.
BEING ON JOURNEY
2.
SICKNESS
3.
PREGNANCY
4.
SUCKLING
5.
INTENSITY OF HUNGER AND THIRST
6.
WEAKNESS AND OLD AGE
7.
RISK OF LIFE
8.
UNCONSCIOUSNESS
9.
JIHAD

10.

INSANITY

TYPES OF SAUM:

1. FADH-OBLIGATORY

THE RAMADAN FAST

THE QADA (THE COMPENSATION OF 1HE RAMADAN FAST)

2. WAJIB-COMPULSORY

THE FASTING VOWED FOR ALMIGHTY ALLAH

THE FASTING OF ATONEMENTS FOR THE COMMISSION OF LEGAL

OFFENSES.
3. MUSTAHAB

THE FASTING ON MONDAYS AND THURSDAYS

THE FASTING ON THREE DAYS (13/14/15) OF EVERY MONTH.

THE FASTING OF SIX DAYS OF SHAWWAL -CONSECUTIVELY OR SEPARATELY

THE FASTING OF 9TH AND 10TH OF MUHARRAM OR 10TH AND 11TH

THE FASTING FROM 1ST TO 9TH ZUL-HIJJA, SPECIALLY ON 9TH ZUL-HIJJA

DAY OF ARAFAH

THE FASTING OF 15TH SHABAAN

4. MAKROOH-DISLlKED

FASTING ONLY OF FRIDAYS OR SATURDAYS

FASTING ONLY ON 9TH OF MUHARRAM

5. HARAM-NOT PERMISSIBLE

FASTING ON THE DAY OF EID- UL- FITR, EID- UL-ADHA AND IN THE DAYS OF
TASHRIQUE

FASTING CONTINOUSLY

FASTING OF NAUROOS- FIRE WORSHIPPER HOLY DAYS; HINDUS, JEWS AND

CHRISTIANS
* THOSE THINGS THAT DONOT NULLIFY THE FAST:
1. EATING FORGETFULLY
2. DRINKING FORGETFULLY
3. TO APPLY OIL ON THE HEAD OR ANY WHERE
4. TO APPLY SURMA
5. REMOVALOFBLOOD
6. BACKBITING
7. INVOLUNTARY ENTRY OF SMOKE INTO THE THROAT
8. INVOLUNTARY ENTRY OF A FLY INTO THE THROAT
9. INVOLUNTARY ENTRY OF DUST INTO THE THROAT
10. TO EAT SOMETHING WHICH IS LESS THAN A GRAIN IN SIZE WHICH WAS STUCK IN
BETWEEN THE TEETH
11. VOMITTING INVOLUNTARILY AND THEN THE VOMIT WENT BACK INSIDE EVEN IT BE A
MOUTHFUL

THE PURPOSE OF SAUM:

TO CREATE PIETY IN THE PEOPLE
TO DEVELOP SINCERITY AND DEVOTION
TO TRAIN FOR SPRITUAL EVOLUTION AND SELF CONTROL

TO GENERATE THE SENCE OF SYMPATHY TO HUMAN BEINGS

ZAKAH/POOR TAX

MEANINGS OF ZAKAH:

ZAKAH, LITERARY MEANS TO GROW, TO INCREASE, TO PROSPER AND TO BECOME PURE.

IN SHARIAH TERMINOLOGY, ZAKAH MEANS THAT FIXED AMOUNT WHICH IS OBLIGATORY
FOR A MAN QUALIFIED FOR ZAKAH PAYMENT TO PAY AFTER COMPLETION, OF ONE YEAR
FOR THE SAKE OF WORSHIP AND REQUITAL.

THE IMPORTANCE OF ZAKAH:

ZAKAH IS A FINANCIAL WORSHIP AND AN IMPORTANT PILLAR OF ISLAM LIKE SALAH.

IT IS MENTIONED IN 32 PLACES IN THE HOLY QURAN ALONG WITH SALAH.

ZAKAH HAS BEEN A PART OF EARLIER RELIGIONS AND THE TEACHINGS OF

EARLIER PROPHETS IN SOME FORM OR OTHER.

THE DESERTER IS A GUILTY OF A GRIEVOUS SIN, AND ITS DENIAL TURNS A MAN
NON-MUSLIM. FOR THIS REASON HAZRAT ABU BAKAR (R.A) WAGED A HOLY WAR
AGAINST THOSE WHO DENIED PAYMENT OF ZAKAH.

THE RETURN OF THE EXPENDITURE FOR THE SAKE OF ALLAH WILL BE INCREASED
TO SEVEN HUNDRED TIMES OR EVEN MORE THAN THAT, WHILE THE DEFAULTERS
OF ZAKAH WILL BE STIGMATISED BY FIRE ON THE FOREHEAD, BACK AND SIDES .

ITS OBLIGATION:

ZAKAH WAS DECLARED OBLIGATORY IN 2ND A.H, WHILE EXPENDITURE FOR THE
SAKE OF ALLAH WAS PREV ALENT IN ISLAM FROM THE VERY BEGINING

THE ORDERS OF ZAKAH:

ZAKAH IS OBLIGATORY ON ALL SANE AND ADULT MUSLIMS, MALE AND FEMALE,
WHO QUALIFY FOR PAYMENT.

A PERSON QUALIFY FOR ZAKAH MUST BE FREE FROM THE BASIC NECESSITIES OF
LIFE, SUCH AS SHELTER, CLOTHING, HOUSEHOLD FURNlTURE,HOME APPLIANCES,
VEHICLES, CATTLE FOR PERSONAL USE, ARMOUR OR WEAPONS FOR PERSONAL
USE, BOOKS OF SCHOLARS AND TOOLS OF CRAFTSMAN.

SECONDLY, THE PAYABLE AMOUNT MUST BE IN THE POSSESSION OF THE OWNER

FOR ATLEAST ONE UNITERRUPTED YEAR. IF ANY TIME DURING THE YEAR THE
INDIVIDUAL POSSESSES LESS THAN THIS, THE YEARS POSESSION IS
INTERRUPTED AND CONSEQUENTLY THE OBLIGATON OF ZAKAH FALLS AWAY.

WHEN THERE IS CASH OR WEALTH IN DIFFERENT SHAPES, THE NISAB OF SILVER

WILL BE WORTH COSIDERATION.


IN CASE OF DEBT, THE AMOUNT OF DEBT WILL BE DEDUCTED BEFORE
CALCULATING FOR ZAKAH.

IN THE TRADE GOODS, THE CLOSING STOCK WILL BE CALCULABLE FOR ZAKAH.

THERE IS NO ZAKAH PAY ABLE ON THE MACHiNERY WHICH IS USED IN FACTORY TO

PRODUCE SALEBLE ITEMS, BUT THE EARNINGS OF THE PRODUCT WILL BE LIABLE
FOR ZAKAH.

THE MINIMUM QUALIFICATION:

a)

87.48 GRAMS OF GOLD / 7.5 TOLAS (2,74500 RS) (1 TOLA IS EQUAL TO 11.66 ONE GRAM =
3137.86 / RS. GRAM) RS. 36,600/= (30-04-2010)
b)

612.36 GRAMS OF SILVER / 52.5 TOLAS (RS.28,867.87) ONE GRAM = 47.14 RS / ONE
TOLA = 549.65 (30-04-2010)

c)

CASH (28,867.87)

d)

MERCHANDISE (FOR SALE)

e)

LIVESTOCK

f)

OTHER INCOME SUCH AS RENT

THE RATE OF ZAKAH:

ZAKAH IS CALCULATED ON THE FOLLOWING:

GOLD, SILVER, CASH, TRADE OR BUSINESS CAPITAL, BANK ACCOUNTS, BOUNDS, SHARES
AND OTHER SUCH SECURITIES ARE TO BE PAID 2.5 % AT THE END OF YEAR .

MODES OF ITS EXPENDITURE:

1.
THE POOR PERSONS, WHO HAVE SOMETHING TO LIVE UPON.
2.
THE INDIGENT PERSONS WHO HAVE NOTHING TO LIVE UPON.
3.
THOSE PERSONS WHO HAVE BEEN APPOINTED FOR COLLECTION AND
DISTRIBUTION OF ZAKAH.
4.
THE NEW-MUSLIMS WHO NEED ENCORAGEMENT.
5.
THE SLAVE IS ONE WHO HAS MADE A CONTRACT WITH HIS MASTER THAT HE WILL
RANSOM HIMSELF WITH ACERTAIN AMOUNT OF WEALTH.
6.
THE DEBTOR IS ONE WHOSE WEALTH, AFTER HIS DEBT IS DEDUCTED FROM IT, IS
LESS TI-IAN THE MINIMUM LIABLE FOR ZAKAH.
7.
TO HELP THOSE PERSONS WHO HAVE ENGAGED THEMSELVES IN THE CAUSE OF
RELIGION OR FOR THE DEFENCE OF ISLAM AND HAVE NO SOURCE OF EARNING
THEIR LIVELIHOOD.
8.
THE WAYFARERS WHO DO NOT HAVE ENOUGH MONEY TO GO BACK HOME AND
HAVE BEEN ENTANGLED IN SUCH A CONDITION THAT THEY CANNOT HAVE HELP OR
ASSISTANCE FROM ANY SIDE.
NOTE:

 THE PAYER OF ZAKAH IS ALLOWED TO GIVE HIS ZAKAH TO ALL THE CATEGORIES OF
BENEFICIARIES ABOVE.
HE IS ALSO ALLOWED' TO LIMIT HIS PAYMENT TO ANY ONE OF THEM .
ZAKAH CAN BE PAID TO THE FOLLOWING:
IF THEY DONOT POSSESS THE MINIMUM AMOUNT.
ONES BROTHER, SISTER, NEPHEW, NIECE, UNCLE, AUNT - BOTH PATERNAL AND
MATERNAL-AND ONES PARENTS-IN-LAW .
THOSE WHO CANNOT BE GIVEN ZAKAH.
1.
2.

A DISBELIEVER
A RICH MAN, (ONE WHO POSSESSES THE MINIMUM WEALTH LIABLE TO ZAKAH OR
ITS VALUE, FROM WHATEVER KIND OF WEALTH IT MAY BE, WHlCHIS IN EXCESS OF
HIS BASIC NEEDS).
A RICH INFANT
A PERSON FROM THE FAMILY OF BANU HASHIM
THOSE FROM WHOM THE PAYER OF ZAKAH IS DESCENDED, (HIS PARENTS, GRAND
PARENTS AND SO ON).
THOSE WHO HAVE DESCENDED FROM HIM (HIS SONS AND DAUGHTERS,
GRANDSONS AND GRAND DAUGHTERS AND SO ON).
ONES WIFE OR HUSBAND
FOR THE PURCHASE OF A SHOURD FOR THE DEAD
FOR THE PAYMENT OF THE PAYER'S OWN DEBT

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

* TO WHOM SHOULD PREFERENCE BE GIVEN WHEN DISTRIBUTING ZAKAH:

1.
FIRST TO SUCH A ADESERVING ONE WHO IS NEAREST TO THE PAYER AMONG ALL
HIS RELATIVES.
2.
THEN TO HIS NEIGHBOUR
3.
THEN TO HIS PEOPLE OF HIS LOCALITY
4.
THEN TO THE PEOPLE OF HIS OWN CITY
* THE PURPOSE OF ZAKAH:
TO CREATE SACRIFICIAL SPRIT
TO MAINTAIN THE AFFECTION OF WEALTH WITHIN ITS LIMITS
TO ESTABLISH A SOCIETY ON THE BASIS OF LOVE AND AFFECTION
TO TREAT MANIA OF WEALTH BY NATURAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS

HAJJ / PILGRIMAGE

MEANINGS OF HAJJ:

HAJJ, LITERARY MEANS, THE WILL AND DESIRE TO VISIT THE HOLY PLACE.
IN SHARIAH TERMINOLOGY, HAJJ MEANS THE WILL TO VISIT THE HOLY KA' ABA IN THE
MONTHS OF HAJJ WITH A VIEW TO PERFORM HAJJ.

THE IMPORTANCE OF HAJJ:

HAJJ IS AN IMPORTANT PILLAR OF ISLAM.

THE HOLY QURAN HAS DECLARED THE OBLIGATION OF HAJJ IN SURAH AL-E IMRAN,
VERSE NO. 97,
"AND HAJJ (PILGRIMAGE TO MAKKAH) TO THE HOUSE (KA 'ABA) IS A DUTY THAT
MANKIND OWES TO ALLAH, THOSE WHO CAN AFFORD THE EXPENSES (FOR ONE'S
CONVEYANCE, PROVISION AND RESIDENCE).
AND THE HOLY PROPHET SAID:
ANYBODY WHO IS IN POSITION TO BEAR THE EXPENSES OF PASSAGE AND HAS THE
MEANS TO PERFORM THE JOURNEY, BUTDOESNOT PERFORM HAJJ, AND THEN IT MAKES
NO DIFFERENCE WHETHER HE DIES A CHRISTIAN OR A JEW.

THE RELIGION HAS PARTICULARLY APPROVED IT THAT A MUSLIM SHOULD

PERFORM HAJJ IMMEDIATELY AFTER IT BECOMES OBLIGATORY FOR HIM.

AND IF HE FAILS TO PERFORM HAJJ IN HIS LIFE, HE OUGHT TO MAKE A WILL IN

FAVOUR OF ANY HIS HEIR TO PERFORM HAJJ IN HIS PLACE. THIS IS CALLED A
SUBSITUTIVE HAJJ .

ITS OBLIGATION:

HAJJ BECAME OBLIGATORY ON 9 A.H. THE PROPfiET PERFORMED THE FIRST

AS WELL AS THE LAST HAJJ OF HIS LIFE ON THE 10 A.H. THIS IS CALLED THE
FAREWELL HAJJ (HAJJAT-UL-WIDA).

HAJJ IS OBLIGATORY FOR ALL SANE, ADULT AND CAPABLE MUSLIMS, AT

LEAST ONCE IN HIS LIFE TIME.

MEANING OF CAPABILITY:

PHYSICAL ABILITY OF A MAN IS THE FIRST CONDITION THAT IS MUST FOR A MAN
WHO INTENDS TO PERFORM HAJJ.

FINANCIAL ABILITY MEANS THE FINANCIAL SOUNDNESS TO BEAR THE EXPENSES

OF HAJJ AND TO HAVE ENOUGH MONEY TO SUPPORT THE DEPENDENTS IN HIS
ABSENCE.

SECURE PASSAGE THE PASSAGE FROM HIS RESIDENCE TO HOLY KA' ABA SHOULD
BE SECURE AND SAFE.

COMPANY OF A MAHRUM FOR A WOMAN

IT IS ALSO NECESSARYT FOR A WOMAN TO HAVE THE COMPANY OF HER HUSBAND
OR A CLOSE RELATIVE WHOM MARRIAGE IS UNLAWFUL.

DAYS OF HAJJ:

THE DAYS OF HAJJ ARE REGARDED FROM 8TH TO 13TH ZUL-HIJJA .

MONTHS OF HAJJ:

HAJJ MAY BE PERFORMED IN THREE MONTHS OF SHAWWAL, ZUL-QAADA

AND FIRST TEN DAYS OF ZUL-HIJJA.

THE FARAAIDH (OBLIGATORY THINGS) OF HAJJ:

1.

IHRAM,

2.

STAY AT ARAFAH, BEING IN ARAFAAT FOR EVEN A SINGLE MOMENT, WHILE IN THE
STATE OF IHRAM, FROM MIDDAY OF THE NINTH DAY OF ZUL HIJJAH
UP TO THE TIME OF FAJR OF THE DAY OF NAHR THAT IS THE TENTH
OF ZUL-HIJJAH.

3.

TAWAAF OF ZIYATAT, IT IS A VERY IMPORTANT PART OF HAJJ TO TAKE SEVEN

ROUNDS OF THE HOUSE OF ALLAH ON THE TENTH OF ZUL-HIJJAH
AFTER OFFERING SACRIFICE AND PUTTING OFF IHRAM .

1.

IHRAM MEANS TO INTEND FIRMLY. THE METHOD IS TO PUT OFF ALL

THE CLOTHES AFTER HAVING A BATH AND TO PUT ON TWO SHEETS
OF UNSEWN CLOTHES AND TO SAY TWO RAKA'AT AND FINALLY
RECITE THE TALBIAH.

THE WAAJIBAAT (COMPULSORY THINGS) OF HAJJ:

WEARING THE IHRAM FROM ANY MEEQAT (MEANS THE PLACE WHERE IT IS
NECESSARY TO PUT ON IHRAM FOR AN INTENDED HAJI) .

2.
PROLONGING THE STAY AT ARAFAAT (WHICH IS ABOUT 22KM FAR FROM MAKKAH)
UP TO SUNSET.
3.

STAYING ATMUZDALIFAH (WHICH IS ABOUT 8.5 KM FAR FROM ARAFAAT) AT ANY

TIME, BETWEEN, AFTER FAJR OF THE TENTH DAY TO BEFORE SUNRISE OF THE
NEXT DAY.

4.

STONING OF JAMARAAT (MEANS THROWING STONE-CHIP AT THE SATAN ON 9 TH TO

12TH OR 13TH DAY OF ZUL-HIJJA).

5.

THE SACRIFICING OF AN ANIMAL ON THE TENTH OF ZUL-HIJJAH.

6.

SHAVING OF THE HEAD

7.

PERFORMANCE OF TAWAF-E-ZIYARAT WITHIN THE DAYS OF NAHR.

8.

PERFORMING THE SA'EE BETWEEN SAFA AND MARWAH.

9.

THE TAWAF OF WIDA TRATIS THE FAREWELL TAWAF.

10.

ABSTAINING FROM ALL FORBIDDEN ACTS SUCH AS:

A MAN'S WEARING OF TIGHT FITTING GARMENT. '

COVERING A MAN'S HEAD OR FACE.

A WOMAN'S ALLOWING A CLOTH TO TOUCH HER FACE.
PROMISCUOUS TALK.
COMMITING SINS.
HAVING ARGUMENTS AND FIGHTS.

HUNTING AN ANIMAL OR POINTING IT OUT FOR ANOTHER TO KILL .

THE PURPOSESS OF HAJJ:

ABSOLUTION AND SALVATION

THE DISPLAY OF ISLAMIC UNITY

HAJJ, A GLORIOUS CONGREGATION

HAJJ, A COMPLETE FORM OF WORSHIP

MANIFESTATION OF THE LOVE OF ALLAH AND PROPHET