SUBJECT: SCIENCE 1.

NUTRITION AND GOOD EATING HABITS

FORM: 5 .. NUTRIENT RE7UIREMENT 8/ANTS

NUTRITION

5. THE NITROGEN C6C/E 1. NUTRITION AND GOOD EATING HABITS 1.1 NUTRIENTS

4. MANAGING FOOD RESOURCES

Definition : Chemical su s!a"ces which all li#i"$ !hi"$s "ee% in order !& li#e a"% $'&( heal!hil). Importance: 1. To $e! e"e'$) Gigi 2. To $'&( Ghazali 9e)(&'% 3. To uil% "e( cell Baru 4. To 'e*ai' %ama$e% !issue Rongak, 5. To mai"!ai" $&&% heal!h Mak Nu!'ie"! can !e +&u"% in the 5 asic classes &+ +&&%, !he'e a'e: Class &+ +&&% "ar!oh#drate$ )rotein$ +at$ *ineral$ . /itamin$ Dietar# fi!re 2ater E-am*le %read, &ice, 'ugar *eat, +i$h, (gg %utter, "hee$e, -il$ 0egeta!le$, +ruit$ , 3 Mai" Im*&'!a"ce (nerg# $upplier , , %od#1$ protection from certain di$ea$e$ "on$tipation pre/ention Tran$portation of $u!$tance$ in !lood To maintain !od#1$ temperature 4356"7

1.. CA/ORIFIC 0A/UES IN FOOD Definition: Am&u"! &+ e"e'$) relea$ed !# &"e $'am &+ +&&% when it i$ c&m*le!el) &-i%i1e% 2%i$es!e%3

8ow to mea$ure: %# u$ing +&&% cal&'ime!e' 9nit: :il&;&ules *e' $'am 2:J<$'am3 Di++e'e"! !)*e &+ +&&%s gi/e %i++e'e"! cal&'i+ic #alues Cal&'i+ic #alues F&&% 2:J<$3 %read 1:.; *ilk %utter 31.2 *utton 8ow to calculate energ# $upplied !# food< F&&% Cal&'i+ic #alues 2:J<$3 2.5 1:.1

(nerg# $upplied = ma$$ of food 4in gram7 > calorific /alue$ (?ample :

1. +ind energ# $upplied !#: 17 27 37 47 @: g of !read 15: g of !utter ;5 g of milk 5:: g of mutton

2. +ind the total energ# $upplied for the$e food$ 1.5 FACTORS AFFECTING ENERG6 INTA9E Amount of energ# reBuired !# per$on depend on: Sheila Ba$uh

1. SeMale need more energ# than +emale 2. B&%) si1e 8e's&" (h& has i$ si1e need more energ# than *e's&" (h& has small si1e 3. S!a!e &+ heal!h N&'mal *e's&" need more energ# than sic: *e's&" 4. 8h)sical ac!i#i!ies 8e&*le (h& %& ha'% ;& need more energ# than *e&*le (h& %& eas) ;& 5. Tem*e'a!u'e &+ su''&u"%i"$s 8e&*le (h& li#e i" c&l% c&u"!') need more energ# than *e&*le (h& li#e i" &!he' *laces

Stokin 8utih

9e)(&'%

Timah

1.4 BA/ANCED DIET Definition: Die! which c&"sis!s &+ all !he classes &+ +&&%, include (a!e' a"% %ie!a') +i 'e, in the c&''ec! *'&*&'!i&"s. Importance: 1. To $e! e"e'$) Gigi 2. To $'&( Ghazali 9e)(&'% 3. To uil% "e( cell Baru 4. To 'e*ai' %ama$e% !issue Rongak, 5. To mai"!ai" $&&% heal!h Mak "ar!oh#drate$ )rotein$ +at$ *ineral$ . /itamin$ Dietar# fi!re 2ater 1.5 HEA/TH 8ROB/EM A lot of pro!lem$ might !e ari$ing from o/er eating, le$$ eating or eating un!alanced diet. +or e?ample: a7 *alnutrition 4eating un!alanced diet7 d7 Di$ea$e$ due to unhealth# eating !7 -!e$it# 4more eating7 ha!it$ 4eating un!alanced diet7. c7 Anore?ia ner/o$a 4le$$ eating7 +or part a7 mal"u!'i!i&", di$ea$e$ might !e ari$ing are a$ follow a$: Nu!'ie"! lac:i"$ "ar!oh#drate )rotein Iron Disease *ara$mu$ Mai" s)m*!&ms 2eak, deh#drated, $e/erel# underweight . $hrunken appearance 8ic!u'e = @:F = 5.5F = 1:F = $ufficient amount = $ufficient amount = 53@ gla$$e$

Cwa$hiorkor Do$$ of appetite, failure to grow . much $wallowed a!domen Anaemia )ale appearance . lo$$ appetite

Iodine

Eoitre

Darge $welling at the neck

"alcium

-$teoporo$i$ 2eak !one$ and teeth . !ack !one might !e !ent Gight !lindne$$ %eri3!eri )oor e#e $ight at night

0itamin A

0itamin %

2eakne$$ of the leg$ . lack of ner/ou$ $en$ation in the finger$ and toe$ %leeding gum$ %ent leg$ due to the weak !one$

0itamin " 0itamin D

'cur/# &icket$

Dietar# fi!re

"on$tipation

Difficult# in getting rid of $olid wa$te from the !od#

+or part !7 & esi!), = It happen$ %ue !& &#e' ea!i"$ +&' l&"$ *e'i&% &+ !ime. 'o, the e-cess +&&% is c&"#e'!e% i"!& +a! a"% s!&'e% u"%e' s:i" 2es*eciall) i" !he a %&me"3 . A$ a re$ult, *e's&" (ill ec&me #e') +a! or & ese 3 Di$ea$e$ might !e ari$ing from o!e$it# are: a7 high !lood pre$$ure !7 heart di$ea$e c7 dia!ete$ 3 8ow to a/oid from !eing o!e$e< 1. "ontrol the wa# of eating +or part c7 a"&'e-ia "e'#&sa, 3 It happen$ %ue !& i"su++icie"! am&u"! &+ +&&% !a:i"$ ) *e's&" e$peciall# ladie$ $ince !he) (a"! !& $e! slim &%) !& l&&: a!!'ac!i#e . (/entuall#, !he) (ill #&mi! !he %i$es!e% +&&% and a$ a re$ult, !he) (ill ec&me !hi", %eh)%'a!e%, a"% #e') u"%e'"&u'ishe%. 3 It al$o cla$$ified a$ s&cial a"% *s)ch&l&$ical pro!lem 3 8ow to a/oid from !eing ,anore?ia ner/o$aH per$on< 1. Take nutritiou$ meal 2. 'ee p$#chiatri$t and therapi$t 2. Do e?erci$e regularl# d7 $tone$ in the gall !ladder e7 !ent !ack!one

+or part d7 %iseases %ue !& u"heal!h) ea!i"$ ha i!s, = Di$ea$e$ might !e ari$ing from the$e poor ha!it$ are: 1. h#perten$ion 3 other name for hi$h l&&% *'essu'e 3 a++ec! !& !he hea'! 3 happen$ %ue !& !a:i"$ !&& much sal! 2. $troke 3 $troke occur$ if a'!e') &+ !he 'ai" u's!s 3 it can cause *a'al)sis &+ *a'! &+ !he &%) or the (h&le &%)

3. tooth deca# = happen %ue !& e-cess su$a' i" +&&%, $o ac!e'ia in$ide the mouth cha"$e i! i"!& lac!ic aci%, and !his aci% %es!'&) !he !&&!h>s e"amel. 3 to a#&i% i!, per$on $hould: a7 ea! less su$a') +&&% !7 al(a)s 'ushi"$ !he !ee!h a+!e' ea!

4. dia!ete$ melitu$ = happen (he" &%) ca">! *'&%uce e"&u$h i"suli" !& %eal (i!h e-cess $luc&li" 4came from food7 = it can cause !i'e%"ess, c&ma, e/en wor$e %ea!h = to a#&i% i!, per$on $hould: a7 ea! less su$a') +&&% !7 %& e-e'cise 'e$ula'l) c7 c&"!'&l (ei$h!

5. Athero$clero$i$ 3 happen$ %ue !& e-cess &+ ch&les!e'&l i" l&&%s!'eam = it make$ arter# !ecome$ hard, le$$ ela$tic and re$i$t !lood1$ flow

;. 8eart attack = occur (he" !he l&&%>s +l&( !& !he hea'! s!&* a"% *a'! &+ !he hea'! %ie. 3 it might !e +a!al

3 to a#&i% i!, per$on $hould: a7 $i#e u* sm&:i"$

!7 c&"!'&l (ei$h! c7 %& e-e'cise 'e$ula'l) 3 $ide effect: h#perten$ion d7 ea! heal!h) +&&% Im*&'!a"ce &+ Ta:i"$ G&&% Nu!'i!i&" a"% 8'ac!ici"$ G&&% Ea!i"$ Ha i!s o o o o 8elp u$ to *'e#e"! %e+icie"c) di$ea$e$ $uch a$ ricket, goiter, $cur/# and etc. 8elp u$ to *'e#e"! heal!h *'& lem $uch a$ h#perten$ion, $troke, dia!ete$ and etc. 'uppl# nece$$ar# energ# that reBuired !# u$ *aintain our good health

N&!e: Eood eating ha!it$ that we $hould adopt include the following: o o o o o (at nutritiou$ food (at food which i$ rich in dietar# fi!re A/oid taking food which ha$ no nutritional /alue A/oid taking e?ce$$i/e amount of $alt$, $ugar$ and fat$ with #our food Drink 53@ gla$$e$ of water per da#

. NUTRIENT RE7UIREMENTS OF 8/ANTS ..1 8HOTOS6NTHESIS IN GREEN 8/ANTS De+i"i!i&": '#nthe$ize of food proce$$ !# green plant$ in pre$ence of $unlight u$ing water 482-7 and car!on dio?ide 4"-27. 2ater I "ar!on Dio?ide H&( *h&!&s)"!hesis &ccu':
?a!e' A!$or!ed through the root$ Tran$port along ?#lem to the lea/e$ Ca' &" %i&-i%e o A!$or!ed from air through the $tomata in lea/e$ Su"li$h! 'uppl# energ# for thi$ proce$$ Gluc&se "om!ination of h#drogen and car!on dio?ide O-)$e" 2a$te product &elea$ed from lea/e$ through $tomata $unlight chloroph#ll

Eluco$e I -?#gen

o o

o o

Chl&'&*h)ll A!$or! $unlight

Im*&'!a"ce &+ *h&!&s)"!hesis:

o 8elp$ to maintain the !alance of car!on dio?ide and o?#gen in atmo$phere o 'uppl# food$ to green plant$, animal$ and human !eing ... MACRONUTRIENTS De+i"i!i&": *ineral$ reBuired !# plant$ in large amount for their health# growth Mac'&"u!'ie"!s a"% !hei' +u"c!i&"s: Mac'&"u!'ie"! "ar!on 4"7 8#drogen 487 -?#gen 4-7 Gitrogen 4G7 )ho$phoru$ 4)7 )ota$$ium 4C7 "alcium 4"a7 *agne$ium 4*g7 'ulphur 4'7 Fu"c!i&" To form car!oh#drate$, protein$ and fat$ , , To form hormone$, protein$, nucleic acid and chloroph#ll To form protein$ and nucleic acid To $timulate the production of flower$ and fruit$ To form car!oh#drate$, protein$ and new cell$ To !uild up re$i$tance for di$ea$e To form cell wall$ +or growth To form chloroph#ll To acti/ate certain enz#me$ To form certain amino acid$ +or growth

..5 MICRONUTRIENTS De+i"i!i&": *ineral$ reBuired !# plant$ in /er# $mall amount for their health# growth. The# al$o ha/e known a$ !'ace eleme"!s. Mic'&"u!'ie"!s a"% !hei' +u"c!i&"s: Mic'&"u!'ie"! %oron 4%7 *ol#!denum 4*o7 Jinc 4Jn7 *angane$e 4*n7 "opper 4"u7 Iron 4+e7 Fu"c!i&" To help in the !reaking up of the car!oh#drate$ To help nitrogen to carr# out it$ function$ To acti/ate certain enz#me$ , To form enz#me$ for photo$#nthe$i$ To form chloroph#ll

E++ec!s &+ De+icie"c) &+ Ni!'&$e", 8h&s*h&'us a"% 8&!assium &" 8la"! G'&(!h Mac'&"u!'ie"! Gitrogen 4G7 De+icie"c) s)m*!&m 'tunted 4$hort7 growth Dea/e$ are $mall, #ellow and drop off ea$il#

)oor growth e$peciall# the root$. +ew flower and fruit$ )ota$$ium 4C7 Dea/e$ turn #ellow 4chloro$i$7 )lant$ are weak and die !efore maturing. 5 NITROGEN C6C/E AND ITS IM8ORTANCE. 5.1 NITROGEN C6C/E
Gitrogen in atmo$phere Dightning Gitrate$ Gitrate$

)ho$phoru$ 4)7

Action of denitrif#ing !acteria

'#nthe$i$ of nitrogen fi?ing !acteria

Action of nitrif#ing !acteria A!$orption

A!$orption

Gitrite$ Deca# !# !acteria and fungi Action of nitrif#ing !acteria

)lant protein$

Gutrition

Ammonium in compound$ Animal protein$ Deca# !# !acteria and fungi

5.. IM8ORTANCE OF NITROGEN C6C/E o o o o *aintain $oil fertilit# Increa$ing production of crop$ *aintaining the amount of nitrogen in atmo$phere &educing pollution of the en/ironment

4 MANAGING FOOD RESOURCES AND HEA/TH6 EATING HABITS 3 )lant and animal$ are $aid to !e our food re$ource$. Thu$, we $hould manage the$e food re$ource$ $o that there will !e a continuou$ food $uppl# for u$. 3 To manage the$e food re$ource$, we ha/e to do a lot of following thing$: A/oid wa$tage (n$ure that we do not cook more than we can eat. 3 %e$ide$, we ha/e to practice health# eating ha!it$ in our dail# life. It can !e done !#: (at well3!alanced diet A/oid $kipping meal$ e$peciall# !reakfa$t (at our food $lowl# $o that the !rain ha$ enough time to regi$ter fullne$$. A/oid taking e?ce$$i/e amount of $ugar$, $alt$ and fat$ in our food