Organizing groups based on ability should be done sparingly.

-Students of low ability perform worse when they are placed in homogeneous groups. - Students of high ability perform only marginally better when homogeneously grouped. -Middle ability students benefit most.

A variety of activities to produce nonlinguistic representations should be used.: Creating graphic representations -Making physical models -Generating mental pictures -Drawing pictures and pictographs n -Engaging in kinesthetic activities

If students do not have sufficient time to practice skills independently, cooperative learning is being overused.

- 3 or 4 members -Be applied consistently and systematically, but not overused. - Tasks should be well structured

Should elaborate on the pre-existing knowledge or the newly introduced knowledge

Cooperative Learning Groups

Explicit guidance enhances students understanding of and ability to use knowledge.

Nonlinguistics Representatio n/Graphic Organizers

Can Be: -Study guides -Teacher Notes -Outlines

Should focus on what is important as opposed to what is unusual

Identifying Similarities and Differences

Marzanos Six Instructional Strategies

Advance Organizers

Asking students to independently identify similarities and differences enhances students understanding of and ability to use knowledge

Advance organizers are most useful with information that is not well organized

Homework And Practice

Purpose of homework should be identified and articulated. If assigned, it should be commented on.

Cues And Questions

Should focus on what is important as opposed to what is unusual
Questions are effective learning tools even when asked before a learning experience

Design homework assignments that clearly articulate the purpose and outcome

Establish and communicate a homework policy Vary the approaches to providing feedback on homework assignments

Higher level questions produce deeper learning

Waiting briefly before accepting responses has the effect of increasing the depth of students answers.