Penggunaan Sni Sebagai Acuan Dalam Desain Struktur Tahan Gempa (Lesson Learned)

PENGGUNAAN SNI SEBAGAI ACUAN DALAM DESAIN STRUKTUR TAHAN GEMPA (LESSON LEARNED)
Dr. Ir. Made Suarjana, MSCE

Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environment Institut Teknologi Bandung
Data Iranata, ST., MT., PhD

Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Kerusakan akibat Gempa Padang (2009)
www.themegallery.com
EARTHQUAKES DONT KILL PEOPLE, BUT BUILDINGS DO.
D Gaya Gempa V
Perpindahan Lateral
RESPON STRUKTUR ELASTIK LINIER

Pengetahuan kurang tentang beban gempa rencana dan kapasitas struktur gedung
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Gaya Gempa V
??
??
??
Desain V
Pendekatan Awal: Beban gempa proposional dengan berat struktur Desain V = 5 10 % Berat Struktur Analisis statik linier dengan faktor keamanan untuk mengatasi ketidak tahuan tentang beban gempa dan kapasitas struktur PBI 1955, PBI 1971, PMI 1970
RESPON STRUKTUR DAKTAIL

Ve,max Gempa Kuat, 500 tahun
V=Ve,max/R
Struktur Daktail: V= Ve.max/R R= Faktor Reduksi Gaya Struktur Daktail Faktor Daktilitas m = Dmax/Dleleh SNI 1726-2002, SNI 2847-2002, SNI 1729-2002
Kapasitas Struktur Daktail
Desain V
Respon inelastis (daktail)
Dleleh
Dmax
DESAIN STRUKTUR SECARA INELASTIK
STRUCTURAL RESPONSE & PERFORMANCE
www.themegallery.com FEMA 451B
STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE LEVEL
FEMA 451B
PERFORMANCE BASED ENGINEERING DESIGN
5% demand spectrum (elastic) iteration Capacity spectrum
api
>5% demand spectrum (inelastic)
Performance Point
dpi= D desain
PERFORMANCE BASED ENGINEERING DESIGN

Gempa Kuat 2500 tahun Gempa inelastik (Demand earthquake) Struktur Daktail (Capacity) Resolusi berdasarkan Demand vs Capacity yang menghasilkan Performance Point (Titik Kinerja) Performance (Kinerja) Struktur berdasarkan deformasi in-elastik SNI XXXX-2010
COLLAPSE PREVENTION (CP)
COLLAPSE PREVENTION (CP) LIFE SAFETY (LS)
IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY (IO)
INELASTIC STRUCTURE
= Plastic Hinge = Last Plastic Hinge Roof Displacement Ratio = Roof Displ./H
Roof Displacement
Lateral Shear Force= Fi
Base Shear = Vb= Fi
Roof Height, H
IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY (IO)
LIFE SAFETY (LS)
COLLAPSE PREVENTION (CP)
DRAFT SNI-2010 SNI 1726-2002
Peak Ground Acceleration (Base Rock) - Major E/Q SNI 03-1726-2002 (Rn=10%, t=50 years, T=500 years)
Site Class B (Rock) untuk Ss (T=0,2 detik) , x=5% (Zoning untuk Short Period, T=0,2 detik), Perioda Ulang Gempa 2500 Tahun
Site Class B (Rock) untuk S1 (T=1,0 detik) , x=5% (Zoning untuk Long Period, Constant Velocity) Perioda Ulang Gempa 2500 Tahun
Desain berdasarkan SNI

SNI 2847
Perencanaan Struktur Beton
SNI 1726
Perencanaan Ketahanan Gempa
SNI 1729
Perencanaan Struktur Baja
Desain Bangunan Tahan Gempa berdasarkan SNI

Zona Gempa: UBC vs SNI
Sistem Struktur berdasarkan SNI

Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen
Sistem Rangka Gedung Sistem Ganda
Sistem Dinding Penumpu


Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Biasa (SRPMB)
Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Menengah (SRPMM)
Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Khusus (SRPMK)
SRPMB
No special detailing required Advantages: Disadvantages:
Higher base shear Highly restricted use
Normalized Shear
1.2 1.0 Elastic
Low detailing cost
Expected
0.8 Design
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Normalized Displacement
SRPMM
Detailing requirements:
Continuous top and bottom reinforcement Special requirements for shear strength Special detailing in critical regions
Normalized Shear
1.2 1.0 Elastic
Expected
0.8 Design
0.6
0.4
0.2
Advantages:
Low base shear Less congested reinforcement
0.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Disadvantages:
Restricted use
SRPMK
Detailing requirements:
Restrictions on steel grades Continuous top and bottom reinforcement Joint shear strength requirements Strong column weak beam Use of maximum probable strength Closely spaced ties in critical regions
1.2 1.0 Elastic
Expected
Normalized Shear
0.8
Design
0.6
0.4
0.2
Advantages:
Low base shear
0.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Disadvantages:
Drift control Congested reinforcement
Column
Lap splice in the middle of columns
Transverse Reinforcement Requirements - Rectangular Hoop Reinforcement
150 mm
500 mm
6db 75 mm 100 mm
x 350 mm on center 100 mm sx = 100 + [(350-hx)/3] 150 mm
Columns at least 120% stronger than beams
Transverse Reinforcement Requirements
Hoop and Ties Confinement Reinforcement

6db (75 mm)
Transverse Reinforcement Requirements
Beam-column joints (connections)
TYPICAL JOINT REINFORCEMENT
Larger Seismic Forces Resisted by Shear Walls compared to Columns
Shear Wall and Frame Behavior
Shear Wall Behavior
Frame Behavior
75%
25%
Shear and Frame Interaction
Couple Shear Wall Rebar
Terima Kasih

Penggunaan Sni Sebagai Acuan Dalam Desain Struktur Tahan Gempa (Lesson Learned)

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PENGGUNAAN SNI SEBAGAI ACUAN DALAM DESAIN STRUKTUR TAHAN GEMPA (LESSON LEARNED)

Dr. Ir. Made Suarjana, MSCE

Data Iranata, ST., MT., PhD

Kerusakan akibat Gempa Padang (2009)

Kerusakan akibat Gempa Padang (2009)

Kerusakan akibat Gempa Padang (2009)

EARTHQUAKES DONT KILL PEOPLE, BUT BUILDINGS DO.

RESPON STRUKTUR ELASTIK LINIER

RESPON STRUKTUR DAKTAIL

Kapasitas Struktur Daktail

Respon inelastis (daktail)

DESAIN STRUKTUR SECARA INELASTIK

STRUCTURAL RESPONSE & PERFORMANCE

www.themegallery.com FEMA 451B

STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE LEVEL

PERFORMANCE BASED ENGINEERING DESIGN

5% demand spectrum (elastic) iteration Capacity spectrum

PERFORMANCE BASED ENGINEERING DESIGN

COLLAPSE PREVENTION (CP)

COLLAPSE PREVENTION (CP) LIFE SAFETY (LS)

IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY (IO)

Lateral Shear Force= Fi

Base Shear = Vb= Fi

IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY (IO)

LIFE SAFETY (LS)

COLLAPSE PREVENTION (CP)

DRAFT SNI-2010 SNI 1726-2002

Desain berdasarkan SNI

Desain Bangunan Tahan Gempa berdasarkan SNI

Zona Gempa: UBC vs SNI

Sistem Struktur berdasarkan SNI

Sistem Rangka Gedung Sistem Ganda

Sistem Dinding Penumpu

Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen

Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen

Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Menengah (SRPMM)

Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Khusus (SRPMK)

Low detailing cost

0.0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Transverse Reinforcement Requirements - Rectangular Hoop Reinforcement

x 350 mm on center 100 mm sx = 100 + [(350-hx)/3] 150 mm

Columns at least 120% stronger than beams

Transverse Reinforcement Requirements

Hoop and Ties Confinement Reinforcement

Transverse Reinforcement Requirements

Beam-column joints (connections)

TYPICAL JOINT REINFORCEMENT

Larger Seismic Forces Resisted by Shear Walls compared to Columns

Shear Wall and Frame Behavior

Shear Wall Behavior

Shear and Frame Interaction

Couple Shear Wall Rebar

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