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Engleza Pentru Incepatori - Lectia 17-18
Engleza Pentru Incepatori - Lectia 17-18
4. Constructiile as... as ~ i not so... as folosite pentru compararea obiectelor sau a persoanelor:
RECAPITULARE
- Acum nu am timp.
- Nu a venit nimeni sa ne viziteze.
- Nu am nimic.
- Este 0 m ~ i n in strada.
- Sunt cativa caini in gradina.
- Ea nu s-a intalnit cu el de anul trecut.
- Nu I-am vazut de 0 saptamana.
- Ia feI, ~ de, ... tot ~ de
(in propozitie afirmativa)
- nu ~ ... ca ~ i (in propozitie
negativa), nu atat
- ~ i n mea este Ia fel de scumpa ca ~ i a tao
- Nu e ~ de batran ca mine.
Nu are c e e ~ i varsta ca mine.
I have nothing.
I have no time now.
Nobody came to visit us.
There is a car in the street.
There are some dogs in the garden.
I haven't seen him for a week.
She hasn't met him since last year.
as... as
My car is as expensive as yours.
He is not as old as me.
not so... as
1. Pronumele negativ no, nobody, nothing:
2. There is/there are:
3. Prepozitia for exprima durata actiunii:
2
Sa exersam cuvinte, dar intr-o alta ordine:
Sa incepem lectia cu setul de cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare urmariti
traducerea lor in limba romiina:
PARTEA INTA.I LECTIA 17
,
job > [djob] - munca, ocupatie, slujba
wages > [Ueidjiz] - salariu
raise > [reiz] - marire,
(a salariului)
labourer > [lelbara
f
] - muncitor
unemployment > [animploimant] -
colleague > [koli:g] - coleg
trade-union > [treid iu:nian] - sindicat
member > [memba
r
] - membru
negotiations > - negocieri
employee > [emploii:] - angajat, salariat
strike > [straik] - greva
management > [mEnidjmant] - conducere, administratie
strike > [straik] - greva
member > [memba
r
] - membru
raIse > [reiz] - marire,
(a salariului)
unemployment > [animploimant] -
wages > [Ueidjiz] - salariu
job > [djob] - munca, ocupatie, slujba
management > [mEnidjmant] - conducere, administratie
trade-union > [treid iu:nian] - sindicat
employee > [emploii:] - angajat, salariat
labourer > [lelbara
T
] - muncitor
negotiations
>
- negocieri
colleague > [koli:g] - coleg
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Ce despre din tara ta?
- I know about these >negotiations.
- conducerea.
- Am multi colegi.
- Negocierile vor fi maine.
- El pierdut slujba.
- Salariatii vor sa vorbeasca.
- EI este membru de sindicat.
- Ieri am primit 0 marire de salariu.
- In Romania
este foarte mare.
- Ei vorbesc despre
ultima greva.
- Crezi ca salariul meu
este mare?
- El este muncitor in
aceasta fabrica?
- Have you the news about the >strike?
- Do you like your :::job?
- My :::colleagues will always help me.
- They get a >raise every year.
- Last year we had more >members.
- What do you know about
:::unemployment in your country?
- In a month our >wages will be higher.
- The :::management of our factory is
very good.
- Have all your ::oemployees families?
- All >labourers have a meeting on Wednesday.
- Are you a member of this :>trade-union?
3
>[hi: iz a memM' av
a treid iu:nian]
>[ai got a reiz iestardei]
>[ai hEv meni koli:gz]
>[DZa uil bi:
tamorau]
>[Ui: a:' Ueitin(g) fo:
r
DZa mEnidjmant]
>[DZa emploii:z Uont tu to:k]
>[hi: hEz lost hiz djob]
>[Ui: hEv greit
animploimant in ru:meinia]
>[ DZei a:
r
to:kin
lg
) abaut
DZa la:st straik]
>[ iz hi: a lelbara
r
in
DZis fEktari]
>[ du iu: TSm(g)k mal Ueidjiz
a.' hai]
He has lost his job.
lata cuvintele noi in propozitii:
We are waiting for
the management.
The negotiations will be
tomorrow.
I got a raise yesterday.
I have many colleagues.
The employees want to talk.
We have great
unemployment in Romania.
He is a member of
a trade-union.
They are talking about
the last strike.
Do you think my wages
are high?
Is he a labourer m
this factory?
Ai despre greva?
Ei obtin in fiecare an 0 marire de salariu.
Anul trecut am avut mai multi membri.
despre aceste negocieri.
Iti place munca ta?
Peste 0 luna salariile noastre vor fi mai mario
membru al acestui sindicat?
Colegii mei rna vor ajuta intotdeauna.
Toti angajatii tai au familie?
Administratia fabricii noastre este
foarte buna.
Toti muncitorii au miercuri.
Gramatica lecfiei se referii la utilizarea timpului trecut perfect (Past Perfect Tense). Acest timp se
pentru a descrie 0 aCfiune care s-a inaintea unei alte aCfiuni trecute, aceasta din
urmii exprimiindu-se cu timpul Simple Past (trecutul simplu). Complementele circumstanfiale utilizate
cu Past Perfect Tense sunt:
lata cum este folosit Past Perfect Tense in propozitii:
Traduceti in limba engleza noile cuvinte:
this book ...
the house...
+
- Dupa ce salariatii au obtinut 0
marire de salariu, au inceput
sa lucreze.
- Am luat micul dejun inainte
de a merge la lucm.
> management
> employee
> labourer
> unemployment
> trade-union
> wages
> raIse
> job
> negotiations
> management
> strike
> wages
> colleague
> member
- dupa, dupa aceea, dupa ce,
ulterior
- inainte de, inaintea, dinaintea
built
read
forma a Ill-a
a verbului principal
+
>[bifo:
f
]
>[a:fta
f
]
4
>[a:fta
f
DZi emploii:z hEd got
a reiz DZei sta:ftid tu ua:fk]
>[ai hEd Un brekfast bifo:
f
ai Uent tu ua:fk]
verb auxiliar
had
had
+
I had eaten breakfast before
I went to work.
After the employees had got
a raise they started to work.
before
after
munca, slujba
negocieri
Subiect
She
They
muncitor
membm
greva
conducere
marire a salariului
Urmiirifi structura propozifiei:
angajat
administratie
coleg
salariu
salariu
sindicat
to negotiate > [tu - a negocia, a duce tratative
to raise >[tureiz] - a spori, a mari
to apply for > [tu apJai fo:f] - a cere, a solicita
to earn > [tu a:fn] - a (bani prin munca)
to reduce > [tu ridiu:s] - a reduce, a
to fire > [ttl faia
f
] - a concedia
to apply for > [tu aplai fo:f] - a cere, a solicita
to reduce > [tu ridiu:s] - a reduce, a
to fire > [tu faia
f
] - a concedia
to negotiate > [tu - a negocia, a duce tratative
to earn > [tua:fn] - a (bani prin munca)
to raise > [tu reiz] - a spori, a mari
> [bifo:
f
ai vizitid mai maDZa
f
- Inainte de a 0 vizita pe mama
al hEd bo:t ha:
f
tlauih] i-am cumparat flori.
- Ea s-a dus 1a culcare dupa ce
s-a uitat la filmul acela.
> Before I bought this car I had worked
in a bank for a long time.
> After he had returned home he ate
some bread.
> I had tried on this coat before
I bought it.
> She started to worry after
she had got this letter.
> Uent tu bed a:fta
r
hEd Uot;;t DZEt film]
She went to bed after she
had watched that film.
Before I visited my mother
I had bought her flowers.
5
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Dupa ce s-a intors acasa el a mancat
paine.
Inainte de a cumpara aceasta am lucrat
mult timp intr-o banca.
Ea a inceput sa se ingrijoreze dupa ce
a primit aceasta scrisoare.
Am i'ncercat aceasta haina inainte
de a 0 cumpara.
lata acum cateva verbe noi. Retineti traducerea lor:
Sa exersam verbele intr-o alta ordine:
Sii vedem cum se jormeazii interogativul $i negativulla Past Perfect Tense.
Propozitia interogativii se jormeazii prin inversarea ordinii subiectului $i a verbului auxiliar:
Sa introducem nOlle verbe in propozitii:
- Cred ca trebuie sa marim
salariile.
- Ei spun ca ei prea
putini bani.
- Da, salariatii au solicitat
deja asta.
- Yom negocia asta cu ei.
- Conducerea vrea
sa concedieze 0 suta dintre ei.
- Cum putem sa facem asta daca
ei vor sa concedieze oameni?
- insa ca trebuie
sa reducem
> [hEd DZei bi:n hia
r
bifo:
r
ai keim]
- How many labourers have they already
> fired?
- Will they >raise our wages?
- Before they> reduced unemployment they
had built new factories.
> [hEd hi: bo:t a buk bifo:
1
hi: lI ent haum]
- Before I >applied for a new job
I had worked in an office.
- Do they> earn less than our parents?
- We will not> negotIate here.
6
> [DZei sei DZei a:rn tu: Utl]
> [ies aua
r
emploli:z hEy
o:lredl aplaid fo:' DZls]
> [az Pin(g)k Ui: mast relz
Ueidjlz]
> [Ui: ull it
uiDz DZEm]
> [DZa mEllld]mant Uonts
tu faia
r
a handnd ov DZem]
> [bat rimemba
l
1I 1: mast
ridiu:s animplollnant]
> [hau kEn lIi: du: it if DZei
lI ont tu fala
r
pi:pl]
I think we must raise
wages.
Yes, our employees have
already applied for this.
We will negotiate It
with them.
They say they earn to little.
The management wants
to fire a hundred of them.
But remember we must
reduce unemployment.
How can we do it If they
want to fire people?
Completati urmatoarele propozitii cu verbele corespunzatoare:
Inainte de a reduce ei au construit
fabrici noi.
Ne vor mari salariile?
Cati muncitori au concediat deja?
Ei mai putin decat parintl1
Nu vom negocia aici.
Inainte de a solicita 0 slujba noua,
am lucrat intr-un birou.
Had they been here before I came?
He had bought a book before he went home.
Had he bought a book before he went home?
They had been here before I came.
lata cateva exemple:
Structura had not poatejiprescurtatii hadn't [hEdnt].
Construc!ia negativii hadn't se poate folosi $i in propozi!ii afirmative:
- Ei n-au vazut-o pe Maria inainte
ca ea sa-i fi vizitat.
- Nu au ~ t u t despre asta inainte
ca eu sa Ie fi spus.
> lies ai hEd]
> [nau ai hEdnt]
> [nau ai hEd not]
> lies hi: hEd]
> [nau hi: hEd not]
> [nau hi: hEdnt]
> Had they seen this film before
we visited them?
- Yes, >they had.
- No, >they hadn't.
> Had you been here before it happened?
> Had he been in England before he returned?
- Yes, >he had.
- No, >he hadn't.
> After I had got up I went to the kitchen.
> Had they applied for the job before
I started to work there?
- Yes, >they had.
- No, >they hadn't.
7
Yes, I had.
No, I hadn't.
No, I had not.
Yes, he had.
No, he hadn't.
No, he had not.
> [DZei hEdnt naun abaut
it bifo:' ai told DZem]
Had you been here before I came?
Had he written the letter before he went to the post-office?
They had seen this film before
we visited them.
He had been in England before he returned.
In exerci!iul urmator formulati intrebari, raspunsuri afirmative ~ negative la urmatoarele propozi!ii:
Riispunslll ajirmativseformeazii cu ajlltorul adverbului yes, alpronumeluipersonal $i al verbului auxiliar
had. Nega!ia se compune din: cuwintul no, pronumele personal, verbul auxiliar had $i adverbul not.
They had applied for the job before
I started to work there.
They hadn't seen Mary before > [DZei hEdnt si:n meari
she visited them. bifo:' ~ vizitId DZem]
Dupa ce m-am sculat m-am dus in bucatarie.
Traduce!i urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Ai fost aici inainte de a se intampla asta?
They hadn't known
about it before I told them.
Repetati cuvintele noi intr-o ordine diferita:
> Had you tried to negotiate before
they fired you?
> I hadn't seen this picture before I arrived here
> I hadn't thought about it before I read
this book.
> After the management had raised wages
the employees were very glad.
> Where are the contents of this book?
> Horses like to eat oats.
> What proceeds have you every year?
> I keep my savings at home.
> How has he earned his riches?
Cuvintele invatate anterior sunt la plural, la fel ca cuviintul wages pe
care il deja.
Ai incercat sa negociezi inainte ca ei
sa te concedieze?
Nu am vazut acest tablou inainte de a sosi aici.
Dupa ce administratia le-a marit salariile,
angajatii au fost foarte
Nu m-am gandit la asta inainte sa fi citit
aceasta carte.
Sa invatam alte ciiteva cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare fiti atenti la pronuntie:
contents > [kontents] - cuprins, continut
oats > [auts] -ovaz
proceeds > [prousl:dz] - (dintr-o activitate)
riches > - avere, bogatie
thanks
> [TSEn(g)ks]
- multumiri,
surroundings > [saraundin(glz] - imprejurimi, vecinatate
savings > [seivin(glz] - economii (bani economisiti)
proceeds > [prousi:dz] - (dintr-o activitate)
contents > [kontents] - cuprins, continut
thanks
> [TSEn(glks]
- multumiri,
surroundings > [saraundin(glz] - imprejurimi, vecinatate
oats > [auts] - ovaz
savings > [seivin(glz] - economii (bani economisiti)
riches > - avere, bogatie
Unde este cuprinsul acestei carti?
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
8
Cailor Ie place sa manance ovaz.
Ce anual ai?
Imi tin economiile acasa.
Cum el averea?
9
"I keep my savings at home."
> I gave them my thanks.
> These are nice surroundings.
> Have you already met the new employees?
> His earns too little to have savings.
> The contents of this box are interesting.
> The negotiations will be very difficult, but
we must get a raise.
> He bought a new house after he had started
to earn more.
> Have you ever worked before you applied
for this job?
> Our labourers have been members of a
trade-union for five years.
> After the strike the management fired
many employees.
> We must do something to reduce
unemployment.
Le-am transmis multumirile mele.
Imprejurimile sunt frumoase.
Te-ai Intalnit deja cu salariatii noi?
Iar acum sa recapitulam aceasta parte a lectiei rezolvand urmatorul exercitiu. Traduceti propozitiile
In limba engleza:
Inainte de a-I pe John am lucrat cu Peter. > Before I met John I had worked with Peter.
Negocierile vor fi foarte dificile, dar trebuie
sa obtinem marirea salariilor.
Continutul acestei cutii este interesant.
EI prea putin ca sa economiseasca.
EI a cumparat 0 casa noua dupa ce a Inceput
sa mai mult.
Ai mai lucrat Inainte de-a solicita
aceasta slujba?
Muncitorii sunt membri
ai sindicatului de cinci ani.
Dupa greva conducerea a concediat
multi angajati.
Trebuie sa facem ceva ca sa reducem
lar acum recititi cuvintele cu voce tare, intr-o alta ordine:
LECTIA 17 - PARTEA A DOUA
,
Sa continuam lectia invat1ind 0 serie de cuvinte noi legate de cumparaturi.
Cititi-le cu voce tare fiti atenti la pronuntie:
- vanzare la un pret
favorabil, chilipir,
afacere
- vanzare, reduceri,
vanzarea soldurilor
- de cumparaturi
- reducere de preturi
- carucior
- vanzare la un pret
favorabil, chilipir,
afacere
-
- vanzare, reduceri,
vanzarea soldurilor
- supermarket
- vitrina
- cumparator, client
- lista de cumparaturi
::.. vanzator, vanzatoare
- chitanta
- lista de cumparaturi
- casa (lntr-un magazin)
- supermarket
- vitrina
-
- casa (intr-un magazin)
- carucior
- vanzator, vanzatoare
- de cumparaturi
- reducere de preturi
- chitanta
- cumparator, client
> bEg]
> [diskaunt]
> [seilz]
supermarket > [su:parma:rkit]
trolley > [troli]
customer > [kastama
T
]
shop-assistant > asistant]
receipt > [risi:t]
shopping-list > list]
cash-desk > desk]
shop-window > Uindau]
exit > [egzit]
bargain > [ba:Tgin]
discount
sales
shopping-bag
shopping-list > list]
shop-window > Uindau]
supermarket > [su:parma:'kit]
sales > [seilz]
exit > [egzit]
bargain > [ba:rgin]
shopping-bag > bEg]
discount > [diskaunt]
receipt > [risi:t]
customer > [kastama
T
]
shop-assistant > asisUint]
cash-desk > desk]
trolley > [troli]
10
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare:
Sa folosim cuvintele noi in propozitii:
- My >trolley is full.
- Ai fost deja in
noul supermarket?
- Da. au des reduceri.
- A fost 0 adevarata afacere.
- Poti sa iei un camcior
in acest supermarket.
- Da, au foarte
multi cumparatori.
- leri am cumparat 0 multime
de lucruri la pret redus.
- mea era plina
nu am cheltuit
prea multi bani.
- viinzatorii sunt gata
intotdeauna sa te ajute.
- Poti obtine intotdeauna
o chitanta la casa.
- Poti, de asemenea, sa-i dai
viinzatoarei iista ta
de cumparaturi
sa liinga
- Ea iti va aduce
cumparaturile.
- au intotdeauna
vitrine minunate.
- How many >cash-desks have you
in the shop?
- I love to buy at >sales.
- I have only one >shopping-bag.
11
> [ies DZei hEy a lot av
kastama'z DZea']
> [iu: kEn teik a troli
in DZis su.pa'ma:'kit]
> [mai bEg Uaz ful
End ai didnt spend
tu: mani]
> [iesta'del al bo:t a lot av
T'in(g)z Et diskaunt]
> [hEy iu: o:lredl bi:n
in DZa niu: su:pa'ma:'kit]
> [it "oz a greit ba:'gin]
> [au ies End DZei ofn
hEy seilz]
> [End DZa asistants a:'
o:lueiz redl tu help iu:]
> [iu: kEn olsau giv DZa
asistant 10:'
list End Ue1t
nia' DZi egzlt]
> ull brm
igl
IU
10:'
> [iu: kEn 0: IUeiz get a risi:t
Et DZa desk]
> [End DZei 0:lue1z hEy
biu:tifal uindauz]
My shopping-bag was full,
and I didn't spend
too much money.
It was a great bargain.
And the shop-assistants are
always ready to help you.
Yesterday I bought a lot of
things at discount.
You can take a trolley
in this supermarket.
Yes, they have a lot of
customers there.
Have you already been
in the new supermarket?
Oh, yes. And they often
have sales.
You can also give the
shop-assistant your
shopping-list and wait
near the eXIt.
You can always get a receipt
at the cash-desk.
She will bring you
your shopping.
And they always have
beautiful shop-windows.
Ciite case aveti in magazin?
Imi place sa cumpar la viinzarea soldurilor.
Am doar 0 pentru cumparaturi.
Caruciorul meu este plin.
Acest supermarket este cel mai bun
din nostru.
Aici sunt patru
Acest vanzator este foarte dragut.
Multi cumparatori pleaca acum.
Am pierdut chitanta.
Aceasta casa este la un pret foarte bun.
Ai facut deja !ista de cumparaturi?
In vitrina este un radio dragut.
Facem mari reduceri.
Traduceti in !imba engleza urmatoarele cuvinte:
vanzare la pret favorabil, afacere
(de cumparaturi)
vitrina
vanzator, vanzatoare
!ista de cumparaturi
reducere de preturi
carucior
vanzarea soldurilor, reduceri
cumparator
12
- This >supennarket is the best
in our town.
- There are four >exits here.
- This >shop-assistant is very nice.
- Many >customers are leaving now.
- I have lost the >recelpt.
- This house is a >bargain.
- Have you already made the >shopping-!ist?
- There is a nice radio in the >shop-window.
- We give large >discounts.
> bargain
> shopping-bag
> shop-wmdow
> shop-assistant
> exit
> shopping-hst
> discount
> trolley
> sales
> customer
lata cateva exemple:
Desigur vd mai amintili de pronumele some (catva, cativa, ceva, unii, putin):
- Da, (ea) are putin.
- Da, am cateva.
- Da, au 0 multime de
- Da, avem cateva.
> receipt
> cash-desk
> supermarket
- Am citeva carti.
- Am ceva zahar.
> Has hcr sister any good books?
> Did he see any cars?
> Have my parents any friends?
> Has Mary any customers in her shop?
Yes, I have some.
13
Yes, she has a little.
Yes, they have a lot of cars.
Yes, we have a few.
La forma negativa interogativa in locullui some se pronumele
any[cm].
Acest pronume se in urmatoarele cazuri: la singular la plural,
cu substantive care au plural cu cele care nu au forma la plural in
propozitii interogative negative (in unele cazuri in cele afirmative).
casa (lntr-un magazin)
supermarket
chitanta
I have some books.
I have some sugar.
Have they any children? > [hEv DZCl eni tsildran] - Au copii?
Has she any coffee? > [hEz eni kofi] - Ea are cafea?
My parents have some friends.
Have we any tea at home? > [hEv lli: eni ti: Et haum] - Avem ceai acasa?
Her sister has some good books.
Mary has some customers in her shop.
Have you any bread at home? > [hEv iu: eni bred Et haum] - Ai paine acasa?
He saw some cars.
Puneti la forma mterogativa urmiHoarele propozitii:
in limba eng/ezd pronumele any nu poate fi omis din propoziliile interogative. in limba romtinii
traducerea acestui cuviint nu este necesarii. Uneori se traduce totu$i, mai ales ciind se referii la
cantitiiti miCl (vezi exemplele anterioare).
Has she any milk?
Have you any trolleys?
Have they any cars?
Have you any receipts?
Dacd rdspundem afirmativ la intrebarea in care apare pronumele any, atunci riispunsul poate
cuprinde: a lot of, some, a little, a few alte pronume care fac referire la cantitate.
Nu uitati ca not any no inseamna lucru - a nu avea deloc.
Daca raspunsul este negativ, atunci putem folosi doua constructii:
- nu prea, mai niciodata, foarte rar
- folositor
- necalificat
- bani gheata, bani in numerar
- Cat costa... ?
- chiar, pana nici macar
- adevarat
- satisilicut, multumit (de)
- abia, mai deloc, prea putin
- abia, putin/un pic
- important, semnificativ
> They have some/a few dogs.
> Have you any dogs?
> We haven't any pictures.
> We have no pictures.
> I have some/a little butter.
> I see no people here.
> I don't see any people here.
> I know no typists.
> I don't know any typists.
14
Have you any - No, I haven't any - No, I have no - Nu am chitanta.
receipts? receipts. receipts.
Have you any time? - No, I haven't any - No, I have no time. - Nu am timp.
time.
Have they any - No, they haven't - No, they have - Nu au bani.
money? any money. no money.
Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza. In cazul negatiilor folositi ambele forme:
Ai caini?
Nu avem tablouri (nici un tablou).
Au cativa caini.
Nu vad oameni aici (pe nimeni).
Am putin unt.
Nu cunosc dactilografe (nici 0 dactilograili).
lata alte cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare fiti atenti la pronuntie:
important > [impo:'tant]
satisfied (with) > [sEtisfaid]
hardly > [ha:'dli]
hardly any > [ha:ldli eni]
hardly ever > [h a r dII e\ a
l
J
true > [tru ]
even > [i \ n]
How much is ... ? > [h,ll! IZ]
cash >
unskilled > [anskild]
useful > [iu:sfal]
Acum repetati cuvintele intr-o ordine diferita:
Adverbul hardly exprima 0 negatie. De aceea, alaturi de el nu se
alt cuvant de negatie:
- adevarat
- nu prea, mai niciodata, foarte rar
- necalificat
- folositor
- Cit costa... ?
- chiar, pfma nici macar
- abia, putin/un pic
- satisfacut, multumit (de)
- abia (daca), mai deloc, prea putin
- important, semnificativ
- bani gheata, bani in numerar
- Au fost satisfacuti toti
consumatorii?
- Vin foarte rar in acest
magazm.
- Cat costa acest ceas?
- Este adevarata povestea aceea?
- Nu este sare mai deloc.
- EI cumpara intotdeauna
lucruri utile.
- Aceasta este chiar
mai ieftina.
- Trebuie sa cu bani gheata.
- Vor concedia zece muncitori
necalificati.
- Abia daca mai am ceva bani.
- Abia daca mai am vreun prieten.
- a plati cu bani gheata,
a plati in numerar
15
>[IZ DIEt sto n tru.]
> [hau iz DZis klok]
> [al Em haofdil e\ a' III DZis
:'l'pJ
>["a:f 0:1 kastama'z
sEtlsfald]
> [DZea' iz ha:'dlJ em so:lt]
> [DZis ka:' iz i:vn
> [iu: mast pei in
> [hI: oYelz balz IU sfal
Pm,glz]
> [ai hEy ha:'dli cni mani]
> [DZei Uil faia' ten anskil
leibarafz]
I have hardly any friends.
Retineti urmatoarea expresie:
to pay in cash
true > [tnt:]
unskilled > [anskild]
hardly ever > [ha:fdli eva
f
]
useful > [iu:sfal]
How much is ... ? > [hau iz]
hardly any > [ha:fdh eni]
satisfied (with) > [sEtisfaid]
even > [i:vn]
hardly > [ha:'dli]
important > [impo:'tant]
cash >
Sa mtroducem cuvintele noi in propozitii:
Were all customers
satisfied?
How much is this clock?
Is that story true?
He always buys useful
things.
There is hardly any salt.
This car is even cheaper.
You must pay in cash.
I am hardly ever III thIS
shop.
I have hardly any money.
They will fire ten unskilled
labourers.
I have something to tell you. > [ai hEy samTsin(g) tll tel iu:] - Am ceva sa-ti spun.
Acum sa fnVli{am formele compuse ale pronumelui some:
- cineva
- ceva
- undeva
- Trebuie sa fie undeva.
- Cineva sm langa
m ~ i n noastra.
- >How much is this bicycle?
- They didn't >even fire him.
- We don't want >unskilled employees.
- We always pay >m cash.
- Everybody says it is a >true story.
- Are you >satisfied with your job?
- She >hardly spoke.
- I >hardly ever go to matches.
- It is very >important for me.
> hardly any
> Important
> hardly
> useful
> How much is ... ?
> unskilled
> hardly ever
> even
> satisfied with
> true
> cash
>[sambadi]
16
> [It mast bi: samUea']
> [sambadl 1Z stEndin{g)
ma' aua' ka:']
Nu merg aproape niciodata la meciuri.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Nu vrem angajati necalificati.
Platim intotdeauna cu bani gheata.
Este foarte important pentru mine.
~ t i multumit de locul tau de munca?
Toata lumea spline ca este 0 poveste adevarata.
Ea nu a vorbit mai deloc.
Nici macar nu I-au concediat.
Cat costa aceasta bicicleta?
Traduceti urmatoarele expresii in limba engleza:
foarte putinl un pic
util
important
Cat costa... ?
abia, mai deloc
satisIacut (de)
mai niciodata
necalificat
something
adevarat
bani gheata
pana ~ i
lata cateva exemple:
somebody
somewhere
Somebody is standing
near our car.
It must be somewhere.
Sa exemplifieam explieatia anterioara:
Traducetl in lImba engleza urmatoarele propozitii. Pentmpropozitiile negative folositi ambele structuri:
in propozi!iile interogative in locullui some sefolosesc formele compuse ale pronumelui any:
- Nu eunose pe nimeni aiei.
- Nu mi-a dat nimie.
- Nu 0 vad nieaieri.
- pe eineva aici?
- 0 vezi undeva pe Maria?
- Ti-a dat eeva?
> Have you seen these gIrls anywhere?
> 1don't want to talk to anybody.
> I want to talk to nobody.
> Can anybody pay in cash?
> I don't like anybody.
> I like nobody.
> My sister is somewhere in England.
> DId you meet anybody important there?
> This man doesn't love anybody.
> This man loves nobody.
17
> [nau al daunt nau enibadi
hla
f
]
> [nau ai nau naubadi hia
r
]
> [nau hi: didnt glV mi:
eniTSin(g)]
> [nau ai daunt si: ha:
f
eniUea
r
]
> [nau hi: geiv mi:
naTsm(g)]
> [nau ai si: ha:
f
nauUea
r
]
Did he give you anything? > [did hi: giv iu: eniTSm(g)]
Do you see Mary anywhere? > [du iu: si: meari eniUea
f
]
Do you know anybody here? > [ du IU: nau enibadi hia
r
]
Did he give you anything?
No, he didn't give me
anything.
No, I know' nobody here.
Do you know anybody here?
No, I don'(know anybody
here.
No, I see her nowhere.
No, he gave me
nothing.
Nu vreau sa \orbesc cu mmem.
Do you see Mary anywhere?
No, I don't see her
anywhere.
Le-ai vazut undeva pe aceste fete?
Poate cineva sa plateasca cu bani gheata?
Ai intiilnit acolo pe cineva important?
Nu-mi place de nimeni.
Sora mea este undeva in Anglia.
Acest om nu pe nimeni.
Dacii riispunsul este negativ, atunci folosim formele compuse ale cuvdntului any, iar verbul din
propozi/ie va ji la forma negativii. Cdndfolosim formele compuse ale lui no, atunci verbul va ji la
forma ajirmativii. Nu uitali cii in limba englezii nu existii dubIii negalie.
Iar acum sa recapitulam intreaga lectie. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Urmeaza un exercitiu de pronuntie. Literele accentuate din fiecare coloana desemneaza sunete identice:
[E] [0] [u:] [ei]
cash trolley true sales
cat job blue day
hat clock do pay
can sock boot say
18
> You will get the receipt at the cash-desk.
> We must reduce unemployment in Romania.
> The employees and the management are
meeting tomorrow to negotiate wages.
> Have you seen anything interesting
in the surroundings?
> His proceeds are very high.
> There will be sales in our
supermarket next week.
> The members of our trade-union earn more.
> Our colleagues are applying for a raise.
> How many labourers have they recently fired?
> Before I bought this book I had asked
about its contents.
> Our clients are always satisfied
with their bargains.
> Before I went shoppmg I had written
a shopping-list.
> Can I get a discount?
> Have you any clock at home?
> I hardly ever listen to music.
> How much is this skirt?
> I won't tell anybody about it.
> I will tell nobody about it.
> After I had started work John came.
Vei primi chitanta la casa.
Cati muncitori au concediat in ultima vreme?
Saptamana viitoare vor fi reduceri In
supermarketul nostru.
Colegii solicita 0 marire de salariu.
este foarte mare.
Trebuie sa reducem Romania.
Inainte de a cumpara aceasta carte
m-am interesat de continutul ei.
Salariatii conducerea se intalnesc maine
sa negocieze salariile.
Membrii sindicatului nostru mai mult.
Ai vazut ceva interesant in
imprejurimi?
Pot sa primesc 0 reducere?
Clientii sunt intotdeauna satisIacuti
de cumparaturile avantajoase.
Ai ceas acasa?
Inainte de a merge la cumparaturi am scris
o lista de cumparaturi.
Nu prea ascult muzica.
Nu voi spune nimanui despre asta.
Cat costa aceasta fusta?
Dupa ce am inceput lucrul a venit John.
17.1. 1. Utilizare
17.1.4. Raspunsuri afirmative negative
17.1. The Past Perfect Tense - timpul trecut perfect
- dupa, dupa aceea, dupa ce, ulterior
- inainte, in fata, dinaintea
- Yes, I had.
- No, I had not.
- No, I hadn't.
- continut, cuprins
- ovaz
- (dintr-o activitate)
- avere, bogatie
- multumiri,
- imprejurimi, vecinatate
- economii, bani de 0 parte
- salariu
- Nu au vazut-o pe Maria inainte
ca ea sa-i fi vizitat.
after
before
Constructia propozitiei:
Interog,ativul se formeaza prin inversarea ordinii subiectului a verbului auxiliar:
\
They had been here before I came. - Had they been here before I came?
Had you been here before I came?
Expresia "had not" se prescurteaza "hadn't":
Raspunsurile afirmative se alcatuiesc cu ajutorul adverbului "yes", a pronumelui
personal a verbului auxiliar "had". Negatiile se formeaza cu ajutorul cuvantului
de negatie "no", a pronumelui personal, a verbului auxiliar "had" a adverbului
"
"not.
19
II folosim in cazul a doua actiuni din trecut, pentru a indica actiunea care s-a petrecut
mai devreme. Acest timp indica faptul ca prima actiune s-a terminat deja. Cea de-a
doua actiune se exprima cu timpul Simple Past.
They hadn't seen Mary before
she visited them.
Complementele circumstantiale cel mai des utilizate alaturi de acest timp sunt:
contents
oats
proceeds
riches
thanks
surroundings
savmgs
wages
subiect + verb + forma a III-a a +
auxiliar verbului principal
She had read this book ...
They had built the house ...
17.1 3. Formarea interogativului
17.1.2.
17.1.5. Structura negativa "hadn't" se poate folosi in propozitii afirmative:
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 17