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(5:3a)
Note: The two methods will not give exactly the same result. The method using velocity heads is the more fundamentally correct approach, but the use of equivalent diameters is easier to apply and sufciently accurate for use in preliminary design calculations.
5.4.3.
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CHAPTER 5
P2
Copyright 2008. Elsevier Science and Technology Books All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
P1
Z1
Vessel 1
Figure 5.12. where m mass ow rate, kg/s; h efciency power out/power in.
Piping system.
The efciency will depend on the type of pump used and the operating conditions. For preliminary design calculations, the efciency of centrifugal pumps can be estimated using Figure 5.13.
75
70
20
30
40
50 Head, m
60
70
80
Figure 5.13.
EBSCO Publishing - NetLibrary; printed on 5/9/2011 11:24:16 PM via Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology eISBN:9780750684231; Towler, Gavin P.; Sinnott, R. K. : Chemical Engineering Design Account: -277897657
5.4.
253
Example 5.2
Copyright 2008. Elsevier Science and Technology Books All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
A tanker carrying toluene is unloaded, using the ships pumps, to an on-shore storage tank. The pipeline is 225 mm internal diameter and 900 m long. Miscellaneous losses due to ttings, valves, etc., amount to 600 equivalent pipe diameters. The maximum liquid level in the storage tank is 30 m above the lowest level in the ships tanks. The ships tanks are nitrogen blanketed and maintained at a pressure of 1.05 bar. The storage tank has a oating roof, which exerts a pressure of 1.1 bar on the liquid. The ship must unload 1000 metric tons (tonnes) within 5 hours to avoid demurrage charges. Estimate the power required by the pump. Take the pump efciency as 70%. Physical properties of toluene: density 874 kg=m3, viscosity 0:62 mNm2 s.
Solution
p (225 103 )2 0:0398 m2 4 1000 103 1 1 1:6 m=s 5 3600 0:0398 874 (5:4a)
Reynolds number (874 1:6 225 103 )=0:62 103 507,484 5:1 105 Absolute roughness commercial steel pipe, Table 5.2 0.046 mm Relative roughness 0.046/225 0.0002 Friction factor from Figure 5.11, f 0.0019 Total length of pipeline, including miscellaneous losses, 900 600 225 103 1035 m 1035 1:622 874 Friction loss in pipeline, DPf 8 0:0019 3 225 10 2 78,221 N=m2 Maximum difference in elevation, (z1 z2 ) (0 30) 30 m Pressure difference, (P1 P2 ) (1:05 1:1)105 5 103 N=m2 Energy balance 9:8(30) (5 103)=874 (78,221)=874 W 0 W 389:2 J=kg Power (389:2 55:56)=0:7 30,981 W, say 31 kW: (5:6a) (5:5)
(5:3a)
Note that this is the maximum power required by the pump at the end of the unloading when the ships tank is nearly empty and the storage tank is nearly full. Initially, the difference in elevation is lower and the power required is reduced. For design purposes the maximum power case would be the governing case and would be used to size the pump and motor.
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