Corollary1:

Theclausiusstatementofsecondlawofthermodynamics
is the first corollary i.e. It is impossible to construct a device
operatingina closed cycle thatperforms no effectotherthan
thetransferofheatfromacoolerbodytoahotterbody.

Themathematicalstatementofwhichisgivenby;

Q1Q2=W

Hotreservoir

Q1

Heat
W
engine

Q2

Coldreservoir

Corollary2:

Itisimpossibletoconstructanengineoperatingbetween
only two heat reservoirs, which will have a higher efficiency
thanareversibleheatengineoperatingbetweenthesametwo
reservoirs.

Q1Q1

WXW
X
R
R

Q1WXQ1WR

Supposetheseconditionsaretrue,

LetX>R

IfthereversibleenginealsoreceivesheatQ1fromthesource,it
will do work WR. Let us convert that heat engine to a heat
pump,thenwehave,thatRreceivesQ1WR&receivesWR
from the surroundings & rejects Q1 heat to high temperature
reservoir.
Couplingittoheatenginethenetworkdonenowbecomes;

(Q1WR)(Q1WX)

=WXWR

Thusofcorollary2istrue,thenwehavewehavethatfollowing
conditionisalsopossible.

Q1Q1

WXWR
X
R

Q1WX

Corollary3:

All reversible heat engines operating between the same

tworeservoirshavesameefficiency.
Since the second corollary has been proved true then it is
impossiblethatonehashigherefficiency.
ThusaccordingtotheCarnottheorembothheatengineshave
sameefficiency.i.e.
=(Q1+Q2)/Q1=(T1T2)/T1

Corollary4:

A scale of temperature can be defined which is

independent of any particular thermometric substance and
whichprovidesanabsolutezerooftemperature.


Hotreservoir

Heat
W
engine

Q0

Coldreservoir

Letussupposeaheatengineasshowninfigureabove

Thusfromcorollary3,theefficiencyofthatheatengine
dependsonlyonthetemperatureofthereservoirs.

=1Q/Q0

LetthetemperatureoftheheatreservoirbeT0,
Now,ifTbethetemperatureofcoldreservoir,
Thensince

(1Q/Q1)

Also=1T/T0{Carnotsefficiency}

Q0aQ0bHeatpumpQ0n
(reversible)

Q1b
Q1aQ1n

an

Q1b

Q1aQ1n
W
Heat

engine
Q2zQ2p

Q2q

Zp

q
Q
2p
Q2z
Q2q

Heatpump
(reversible)
Q0zQ0qQ0p

T 0

Totalworkdonebyoriginalengine;
nz

Q1Q2
ap

Theworkdeliveredinauxilliaryengines;
z

(Q2Q0)
p

Andworkappliedtoheatpump;

n
(Q1Q0)
a

Networkdone;
nzzn

Q1Q2+(Q2Q0)(Q1Q0)0
appa

Thus,

nz
Q0Q00
ap
Thus,

nz
Q1T0/T1Q2T0/T20
ap
Then;

T=T0Q/Q0
Thus, we have defined a temperature scale called as
thermodynamic scale & since it begins from T=0, it is an
absolutescaleoftemperature.

Corollary5:

Theefficiencyofanyreversibleengineoperatingbetween
more than two reservoirs must be less than that of that of a
reversibleengineoperatingbetweentworeservoirswhichhave
temperatures equal to the highest and lowest temperature of
thereservoirsinoriginalengine

Corollary6:
Wheneverasystemundergoesacycle, (dQ/T)iszeroif
thecycleisreversibleandnegativeifirreversiblei.e.ingeneral

(dQ/T)<0.ItisalsocalledasClausiusinequality.
Proof:

Let us consider an engine operating between a finite

numbersofreservoirs

an

Q1b

Q1aQ1n

Heat

engine

Q2zQ2p

Q2q

Zp

LetquantityofheatQ1a,Q0bQ1nbesuppliedfromfinite
numberofreservoirsattemperaturesT1aT1n.

LettheheatrejectedtosinksT2zT2qetc.
Nowletthesourcesbesuppliedwiththeirquantitiesofheatby
a series of reversible heat pumps receiving quantities of heat
Q0a,Q0bQ0nfromasinglereservoirT0.