7 - - -5 )5 05-15 ) ) 750 111   ,12 ) 049 )6)

x2 y 2 )I DID  = KF CEIJA J A >=@ JD? AEOD? 2 + 2 = 1 a b ID 6 IK E A >=@ JD? AEOD? = A =E J JAJH=F XIE J K A >=@ F K = JEIJ EGA IJ FH J JAJ=HJD HE F H A = KF C I K A J DJ A A >=@ A =H AJ ? JH F K? 6HAE? =F =KJ ? A =E E F=H= XJM = JH F ? -= GHDIE F E I K A =HJAIE= ? IK JAJ=C A? J A >=@ E = @ AJ=E =F J @EF HM = 2 2
a b

E = 4
D a

dxdy =
x=0 y =0

1 x2
a

dxdy = 4
x=0

1 x2
a

dy dx

y =0

= 4b
x=0

1
= GHDIE

x2 a dx = 4b = ab 2 a 4
E ? IK JAJ=C A? A J F=H= XJM AJ=IGD

=JEI

> JH F ?

F E I K AF

x = cos ,
6= HE= HMID? = J= >H

y = sin ,
A =F JD FH B=

dxdy = dd
IK D

x2 y 2 + 2 10 a2 b
F K A = JE =JXIJ=ID =E AJX =F AHE ? FHXNAE? >H I K A

6 A >=@ = A =E J H=
/2 = =0 /2 =0

ab b2 cos2 + a2 sin2

E = 4
=0

ab b2 cos2 +a2 sin2

d d

= 2a2 b2

b2

cos2

1 2 2 = ab 2 d = 2a b 2 2ab + a sin

,E=FEIJ K A JE A J K? @ F=H=FX M JH F K? D @KI = CCAEJA IJ KF CEI J K DH =J ? M? FH ? x = JH F ? =E M? FH ? > JH F ? -B=H J=? M? J F=H= XJM AJ=IGD =JEI KF CEI ? J K A >=@ =F KIJA AJ=E ID = JE X C JH F ? = GHDIE F E I K A FX E F E ? IK JAJ=C A? A J F=H= XJM M? AJ=IGD =JEI x = a cos , y = b sin , dxdy = abdd 6= HE= HMID? = J= >H A =F JD FH B= IK D

x2 y 2 + 2 10 a2 b


F K A = JE =JXIJ=ID =E AJX =F

AHE ? FHXNAE? >H I

K A

1
6 A >=@ = A =E J H=
/2 =1

E=4
=0 =0

abd d = 4ab

1 2

/2

d = 2ab
=0

= ab 2
AA = HM =

7F @AEND  FM? = @A N K A IJ # ABX =E J F=H=FX M A >=@ F H = J KF C I K A AB=H J=? J J F J K Green = XCM J=? JIE J @EF IA = AEIJ AFE = F E HM =

)I DID

= KF

CEI A J @EF
I=
D

HM =

(1 x2 y 2 )1/2 dxdy

J= J F ? D FAHE A AJ=E =F JD = F D x2 + y2 = x ID 0 = F D F K FAHE>X AE J J F F HA AJX =F AHE ? FHXNAE? = CH=BA

x + y = x =
- =? =JX D ? AJ=IGD =JEI ? IA F
2 2

1 x 2

+y =

1 2

E ? IK JAJ=C

A? A =E

x = cos ,

y = sin ,

0 cos ,

2 2

6 @EF HM = =E = >X J=? KF OD JE D AJHE M? FH ? J XN = JM x = A =E

DHMJ = IK XHJDID A =E IK
=cos =0

I =
D

(1 x y )
/2

2 1/2

/2

dxdy = 2
=0

(1 2 )1/2 d d

= 2
=0

/2 =0 /2 =0

1 3

=cos =0

d 1 2

3/2

d 2 3
/2 =0

2 3 2 = 3 =

(1 cos2 )3/2 1 d = sin 3 1 d =

| sin |3 1 d

21 3 4 (4 3 ) = 36 9
? A =E F=H= XJM

7F @AEND - =? @A JAH ? AJ=IGD =JEI

x=
=E J JA J

1 + cos , 2

y = sin ,
HB

1 0 , 2

0 2

HM = = GAE JD

I =
D 2

(1 x2 y 2 )1/2 dxdy
1/2 =0

=
=0

3 2 cos 4

1/2

d d

6 F=H=FX M M? HM = F HA IA IG ID A J FH DC A HM = = GAE = ANXHDJA? M? FH ? JD HMID JE? AJ=> DJ ? =E = X AN=EJA =? JD? DHMJ =? 1 / 2 3 2 cos A =E @KI JAH = KF CEIJA KF CEI ? J K IK XHJDID? 4 =B AJ=E I= XI DID

)I DID ! = KF CEIJA C ? J K IJAHA F K H AJ=E A J ? J K F=H=> AE@ ? x2 + y 2 = az A J ? J K K @H K x2 + y 2 = 2ax =E FX M =F J AF FA@ xOy ID  FM? B= AJ=E IJ IG = J E @H I AFX AE D AFEBX AE= J K F=H=> AE@ ?
A J F J F ? HMID? D A =E D >XID J K K F HA AJX =F AHE ? FHXNAE? = CH=BA @H K 0 = F D F K FAHE>X AE J

x2 + y 2 = 2ax = (x a)2 + y 2 = a2
- =? =JX D ? AJ=IGD =JEI ? IA F E ? IK JAJ=C A? A =E = K ?

x = cos ,
5K AF ? C ? J K IJAHA

y = sin ,

0 2a cos ,
HM =

2 2

= @ AJ=E =F J

I =
D

x2 + y 2 dxdy = a
/2 =/2

1 = a

1 2 dd a G 2a cos 11 3 d d = (2a)4 a4 =0
3

/2 =/2

cos4 d

= 16a3

3 3a = 8 2

z =x+y

)I DID " = >HA A M F K H AJ=E =F JD ID

C ? J K IJAHA J K FH J K C@ K JM =N K E @HE AFEBX AE= x2 +y 2 = a2 =E =F J AF FA@

C ? J K F=H=FX M IJAHA FAHE H AJ=E =F FX M =F JD AFEBX AE= z = x + y =E =F XJM =F J AF FA@ Oxy -F ID? C ? FH >X AJ=E IJ J F D F K A =E J J XJE J K K E @ I K x2 + y 2 = a2 F K >H I AJ=E IJ FH J C@ D HE = GHDIE F I K A F E ? IK JAJ=C A? A J= = J IJ EG= HE= @D =@

x = cos ,
C ? J K IJAHA KF

y = sin ,

dxdy = dd,

0 a,

C AJ=E M? ANA ?

=
D a

(x + y )dxdy =
G

( cos + sin )dd

=
=0

d
=0

/2

2a3 1 (cos + sin ) = a3 2 = 3 3

)I DID #

= KF

CEIJA J

HM =

(x 2y )dxdy
D

F K D
x2 a2

J F ? F K FAHE

A AJ=E =F J
!

x2 + y 2 = R 2

JD

AEOD

y2 b2

=1

=E J K? AJE ? D EXN A? Ox Oy (a, b > R ID = JH F ? 6 HM = F HA = CH=BA

I = Ie Ic =
De

(x 2y )dxdy
Dc

(x 2y )dxdy
? D EXN A? DH =J ? Ie

F K De =E Dc E FAHE G ? F K FAHE A J=E =F JD AEOD  =E J K? AJE =E J  =E J K? AJE ? D EXN A? /E= J KF CEI J K AFE C K A JD F=H= AJH F DID

x = a cos , y = b sin , dxdy = abdd, 0 1, 0

=E CE= J Ic JD

x = cos , y = sin , dxdy = dd, 0 R, 0

= G K A J H=

I =
De

(x 2y )dxdy
Dc

(x 2y )dxdy

=
De

(a cos 2b sin ) abdd ( cos 2 sin ) dd

Dc /2 1 =0 R =0 2

=
=0

a2 b2 cos dd 2 cos dd R R 2 3 3
3 3

/2 =0 /2 =0

1 =0 R =0

2ab2 2 sin dd 22 sin dd

/2

=0 2

a b 2b a 3 3

ab R3 (a 2b) + 3 3
J=? =JX D = J

> JH F ? F H A = KF CI K A J HM = AB=H A HD = J K Green -JIE I BM = A J J F J K Green G K A

I=
D

Q P x y

dxdy =
c

P dx + Qdy

) AFE N K A M? AEIJ = F D IJF FH J JAJ=HD HE FX J= =KJ F K =F JA A J=E =F JE? FAHEB HAEA? JD? AEOD? =E J K K =E =F J K? XN A? x = 0 =E y = 0 =E AF ID? AFE N K A P = y 2 xy =E Q = 0 = G K A

I=
D

Q P x y

dxdy =
D

(x 2y )dxdy =
c

(y 2 2x)dx

 Green 5 . Green

"

0 = F D FX M IJD F = KF C AJ=E J HM = FAHE = >X AE JE? ce cc x = 0 =E y = 0 2H B= ? M? J= DH =J= IJ K? XN A? x = 0 =E y = 0 @A IK AEIB H K =B D F I JDJ= P D@A AJ=E FX M IA =KJ ? )F AE KF CEI ? FX M IJE? FAAEB HAE? JD AEOD? =E J K K -FE C K A = J IJ EG= JE? F=H= XJM F=H= AJH F E IAE?

ce : x = a cos , y = b sin , 0 cc : x = R cos , y = R sin , 0

= G K A J H=

2 2

I =
c

(y 2 2x)dx =
ce /2

(y 2 2x)dx +
cc

(y 2 2x)dx

=
=0 0

b2 sin2 ab cos sin (a sin )d R2 sin2 2R2 cos sin (R sin )d = ab R3 (a 2b) + 3 3

+
=/2 2

R 3 2R 3 2b a a2 b + + + 3 3 3 3

0 (x 1)2 + y 2 = 1 F ? FAHE A AJ=E =F JE? AFEBX AEA? z1 = z = 0 =F z2 = z = x =F FX M 2H B= ? D FH > J K J F K D IJ AF FA@ xy A =E 2 2 @ I ? (x 1) + y = 1 = G K A IK AF ? V =
D

)I DID $ = KF CEIJA C ? J K IJAHA F K H AJ=E =F JE? 2 2 AFEBX AEA? x + y 2x = 0, z = x, z 0 ID C ? J K IJAHA A J F AJ=E IJ AIMJAHE J K K @H K x2 + y 2 2x =
XJM =E K E ?

(z2 z1 )dxdy =
D

xdxdy
A? A =E AN ?

- =? =JX D

? AJ=IGD =JEI

? IA F

E ? IK JAJ=C

x = 1 + cos , y = sin , dxdy = dd

A FH B= C HE=

0 1, 0 2
? IK AF ? = @ AJ=E =F J @EF HM =

=
D 2

xdxdy =
G 1

(1 + cos )dd
2 1

=
=0

d
=0

d +
=0

cos d
=0

2 d = + 0 =
IA F E ?

7F @AEND IK JAJ=C

F H A?

A = GHDIE

F E I K A =E J

F=H= XJM AJ=IGD =JEI

x = cos , y = sin , dxdy = dd

#

F K IA =KJ JD FAH FJMID J= HE= @A A =E FH B= =E KF C J=E M? AN ? = )F JD AN IMID J K K E @ I K =E =F=EJ J=? 0 (x 1)2 + y 2 1 = G K A 0 2 cos =E AF ID? > =F=EJ J=? = 2 cos = 0 = G K A = =E XH= 2 2 2 6 HM = F C AJ=E
/2 2 cos

=
D /2

xdxdy =
G

( cos )dd =
=/2 /2 =/2

d
=0

2 d

=
=/2

8 1 (2 cos )3 cos d = 3 3

cos4 d =

8 3 = 3 8

x y z + 2 + 2 = 1 (a, b, c > 0) 2 a b c ID C ? F K FH FAE = KF CEIJA A =E J @EF XIE J K C K F K >H I AJ=E IJD FAHE G z 0 0 FH > AF ID? J K A AEO AE@ ? IJ AF FA@ xy = A =E D AEOD x2 y 2 + 2 =1 C ?F K K A = KF C I K A FAHE A AJ=E J H= =F JE? AFEBX AEA? a2 b x2 y 2 z1 = z = 0 =F XJM =E z2 = c 1 2 2 =F FX M =E DJ A ? C ? = a b @ AJ=E =F J @EF HM =

)I DID % C

= KF

CEI A ?
2

?J KA

AEO AE@

A JD
2

GH ID @EF

DH

=J ?

V =2
D

(z2 z1 )dxdy = 2
D

x2 y 2 2 dxdy a2 b
F E J=? JD F=H= XJM

x2 y 2 J F ? HMID? D A =E D D AEOD 2 + 2 = 1 =E GHDIE a b AJ=JH F IA F E ? IK JAJ=C A? x = a cos , y = b sin , dxdy = abdd

A HE=

0 1,
= G K A

0 2

= 2
D

c
2

1 d

x2 y 2 2 dxdy = 2c a2 b
1 =0

2 =0

1 2 abdd
=0

= 2abc
=0

1 2 d = 2abc 2

1 4abc = 3 3

7F @AEND C ? J K F=H=FX M A AEO AE@ ? F HA HM = =E AJ=JH F IA IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C A? ABX =E

= KF CEIJA A = A JHEF KF CEI ? J K = C AE IJ "

6412 )
= KF CEIJA J
I=
V

049 )6)
HM =
x2 + y 2 + z 2 dxdy dz

)I DID 

F K V A =E C ? F ? FAHE A AJ=E =F JD AFEBX AE= J K K @H K z = x2 + y 2 =E J K AFEF @ K z = 3 ID = KF C I K A J HM = X J=? AJ=JH F IA K E @HE ? IK JAJ=C A?

F K

x = cos ,
6

y = sin ,

z = z,

dxdy dz = ddz d

HM = J H= CHXBAJ=E

I=
VG

2 + z 2 ddz d

 FM? B= AJ=E =F J IG = J= HE= J K A =E 0 <= <= z =E AF ID? = J IJ EG= CE= J z =E JD CM = A =E 0 < z < 3 =E 0 < < 2 5K AF ? J HM = CHXBAJ=E
2 3 z =0 z

I=
=0 =0

2 + z 2 ddz d

HM = M? FH ? @ AE
z

I =
=0

z2

1 d = (2 + z 2 )3/2 3
K A JE
3

z =0

z3 = (2 2 1) 3
HMID? z =E A =E

6 HM = I =E =B K @EFEIJ = ANXHJDJA? KF C AJ=E M? ANA ?

E AJ=> DJ ?

1 I = (2 2 1) 3

1 81 27 (2 2 1) d z dz = (2 2 1)2 = 3 4 2 =0 z =0
2 3

)I DID = KF CEIJA JM IK JAJ=C M AFEF @M ID

C ? J K IJAHA KF

C ? J K IJAHA F K FAHE A AJ=E AJ=N =E J AF FA@ x + 2y + 3z = 4 CE= x, y, z 0

C AJ=E =F J HM =

IV =
V

dxdy dz

=B = HEIJ J= HE= HMID? C ? FAHE>X AJ=E =F JE? AFEBX AEA? z = 0 =E 1 z = 3 (4 x 2y ) =E AF ID? FH >X AJ=E IJ AF FA@ Oxy IJD JHECM E AFEBX AE= Dxy F K FAHE A AJ=E =F JE? AK A A? x = 0 y = 0 =E x + 2y = 4 6 HM = IK AF ? C AJ=E 1 (4x2y ) 3 1 IV = dz dxdy = (4 x 2y ) dxdy Dxy z =0 Dxy 3 %

6 @EF HM = FX M IJD AFEBX AE= Dxy F K FH FJAE KF C AJ=E AMH J=? JE J= HE= J K y =E J K x A =E = J IJ EG= = AFE N K A BKIE X FH J= JD HMID M? FH ? y  0 < y < (4 x)/2 =E 0 < x < 4 @D =@ A =E

IV

= =

1 3 1 3

4 x=0 4

(4x)/2

(4 x 2y ) dy dx
y =0

(4 2x +
x=0

x2 1 16 )dx = = 16 4 3 3

=F JE? AFEBX AEA? x =F JD AFEBX AE= z FAHE>X AJ=E =F JE? =F J JHEF

)I DID ! = >HA A C ? J K IJAHA F K FAHE A AJ=E =F J= AF FA @= y + z = 4 x = 0 z = 0 =E J E @H y = x2 ID DJ A ? C ? B= AJ=E IJ IG = C ? =KJ ? FAHE A AJ=E F=HXF AKH=

= 0 =E y = x2 =F FX M =F JD AFEBX AE= z = 4 y =E =F XJM = 0 0 FH > J K C K IJ AF FA@ xy A =E J F ? D F ? 2 = F A? x = 0 y = 4 =E y = x DJ A ? C ? KF C AJ=E HM =

z =4y

I =
D 2

dxdy dz =
D 4 z =0 2

dy dxdy =
D

(4 y )dxdy dx = 128 15

=
x=0 y =x2

(4 y )dy dx =
x=0

8 4x2 +

x4 2

)I DID "

= KF

CEIJA

?J KA

AEO AE@

x2 y 2 z 2 + 2 + 2 =1 a2 b c

JAJ=C

ID /E= J
A?

KF

CEI

J K C

K = GHDIE

F E I K A JE? F=H= XJM IB=EHE ? IK

x = ar cos sin , y = br sin sin , z = cr cos , dV = abcr2 sin drdd

A J= = J IJ EG= HE=

x2 y 2 z 2 0 2 + 2 + 2 1 0 r 1, a b c
C ? KF C AJ=E M? AN ?

0 ,

0 2

I =
V 1

dV =
G

abcr2 sin drdd

2

= abc
r=0

r dr
=0

sin d
=0

d = abc

4 1 2 2 = abc 3 3

)I DID # = >HA A C ? J K IJAHA F K FAHE 2 2 F=H=> AE@ ? x + y = 4z =E J AF FA@ z = y + 3

&

A AJ=E =F

K A = KF C I K A B= AJ=E IJ IG = 2AHE A AJ=E =F XJM x2 + y 2 =E =F FX M =F JD z2 = y + 3 0 FH > J K F=H=FX M =F JD AFEBX AE= z1 = 4 C K IJ AF FA@ xy FAHE A AJ=E =F JD = F D A A D F K FH FJAE =F JD =F= AEB J K z = X AI= IJE? @ F=H=FX M AFEBX AEA? =E A =E K E ? @ I ? x2 + (y 2)2 = 42 C ? KF C AJ=E J H= =F J HM =
y +3

ID

?F K

=
V

ddxdy dz =
D

z= x

2 +y 2 4

dz

dxdy

=
D

y+3

x2 + y 2 4
DH

dxdy
=J ? = GHDIE F E I K A JE? F=H= XJM

/E= J KF CEI J K F=H=FX M @EF F E ? IK JAJ=C A?

x = cos , y = 2 + sin , dxdy = dd

A HE=

0 4,
6 H= = G K A

0 2

1 5 + sin (2 + 4 + 4 sin ) dd 4 G 2 4 2 2 dd = d d = 4 4 4 4 =0 =0 G = 2 16 = 32 =

)I DID $ = KF CEI A A JHEF F K FAHE A AJ=E =F JE? AFEBX AEA?

x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 , x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 16,

HMID

? J K IJAHA
z>0

z 2 = x2 + y 2 ,

= GHDIE

ID -FAE@

C ?F K K A = KF C I K A A =E J F E I K A IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C A? F K

= IB= H=? A =E FH JE

JAH

x = r cos sin , y = r sin sin , z = r cos , dV = r2 sin drdd

6= HE= JM AJ=> DJ

=E A =E FH B= 1 r 4,

@D =@

0 2.

6= HE= JD? CM =? KF CM = a J K

CEIJ JD? CM =? = JEIJ EGA IJD x2 + y 2 K D F = @ AJ=E =F JD IG ID tan a = = =1a= z z 4

J=E M? AN ? 6

'

5K AF ? 0

? KF

C AJ=E F

=F J

HM =

=
V 4

dV =
G /4

r2 sin drdd
2

=
r=1

r2 dr 1

sin d
=0 =0

d 2)

= 21

2 2

2 = 21 (4

)I DID %

= KF

CEI A J
I=
V

HM =
x2 + y 2 dxdy dz

z 2 = x2 + y 2

F K D IJAHAX FAHE G V FAHE ID

DJ A ?J F ?

A AJ=E =F JE? AFEBX AEA? x2 + y 2 = ax =E

FM? B= AJ=E IJ IG = FAHE A AJ=E F XCE= a 2 a =F XJM =F JD =F JD K @HE AFEBX AE= x2 + y 2 = ax (x )2 + y 2 = 2 2 AFEBX AE= z = 0 =E =F FX M =F JD z = x2 + y 2 0 FH > J K C K IJ AF FA@ xy 2 a a 2 6 HM = J H= C AJ=E A =E K E ? @ I ? (x ) + y 2 = 2 2
x2 +y 2

HMID?

I =
V

x2

y 2 dxdy dz

=
D z =0

x2 + y 2 dz

dxdy

=
D

(x2 + y 2 )dxdy
J K @EF DH =J ? = GHDIE F E I K AF E ? IK JAJ=C A?

/E= J F K

KF

CEI

x = cos , y = sin , dxdy = dd

A = J IJ EG= HE=

0 x2 + y 2 ax 0 a cos ,
6 H= J HM = C AJ=E

0 2

I = = a 4
D 4

(x2 + y 2 )dxdy =
G 2 =0

2 dd =
4

2 =0

a cos =0

3 d d

cos4 d =

3a 16

)I DID & = KF CEIJA C ? J K IJAHA F K H AJ=E ANMJAHE X 2 2 2 J K K x + y = z =E AIMJAHE X JD? IB= H=? x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2 ID C ? F K K A = KF C I K A A =E CM IK AJH =? J @EF XIE J K


C K F K KFXHGAE IJD FAHE G z 0 -JIE = AHC=IJ A IA =KJ JD FAHE G =E IK E ? C ? = = JEIJ EGA IJ @EF XIE =KJ J K C K -FAE@ C ?F K K A = KF C I K A A =E J = IB= H=? A =E FH JE JAH = GHDIE F E I K A IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C A? F K

x = r cos sin , y = r sin sin , z = r cos , dV = r2 sin drdd

6= HE= JM AJ=> DJ

r =E A =E FH B= 1 r 2,

@D =@

0 2.

6= HE= JD? CM =? KF C J=E M? AN ? 6 A XGEIJ IJD FAHE G J K C K F K =? A @E=B HAE JD? CM =? = JEIJ EGA IJD CM = a J K K D F = @ AJ=E =F JD IG ID 2 2 x +y tan a = = =1a= 5K AF ? C ? KF C AJ=E F 4 z z 4 =F J HM =

=
V 2

dV =
G

r2 sin drdd
2

r2 dr sin d r=0 =/4 22/3 2 4 = 2 = 3 2 3 =

d
=0

)I DID ' = KF HM =

IK

? C

? = A =E Vall = 2V =

CEIJA

A AB=H
x2

8 3

C J K AMH

=J ? J K Green J

I=
c

y x dx + 2 dy 2 +y x + y2

F K c FAHEB HAE= AEOD? A AN IMID x2 + 4y 2 = 4 ID -FAE@ E IK =HJ IAE?

P =
H JD

x2

y , + y2

Q=

x2

x + y2

J=E F= J IJ AF FA@ 0xy A J ? =F J ID A 0, 0 J F ? D F K FAHE>X AJ=E =F AEOD A =E A =? F =F X IK A JE ? J F ? 2=H=JDH A AF ID? JE EIG AE

P y 2 x2 Q = = 2 . x y (x + y 2 )2
-JIE I BM = A JD AMH = JM F =F X IK FX M IG ID F H A = KF CI K A J F EI@DF JA AEIJD? CH= ? F K FAHE GAE J J KF C IK A =J= ? JD? FAHEB HAE=? J -JIE X J=? JD F=H= AJH F ID J K A JE J FM IJ K? F K? EIG AE D F=H= AEIJ AFE = F E HM = =J= ? ID A 0, 0 -FE C K A CE= F=HX@AEC = = K K x2 + y 2 = a 2 K IA F E ? IK JAJ=C A? = G K A

x = a cos ,


y = a sin

=E AF ID? 6

a sin , a2 HM = JMH= = CHXBAJ=E P =

2

Q=

a cos a2
2

I=
0

a sin a cos (a sin ) + (a cos ) d = 2 a a2

=0
0

 ! -21 ) 27 1)
= =J AK A = > AB=H ID J=? J J F J K Green
K F HA

049 )6)
= KF CEIJA J

)I DID  ) c A =E D FAHEB HAE= x2 + y 2 = a2 HM = x2 y dx + xy 2 dy

= 0 FAHEB HAE= J K

= F=H= AJH F ED A

AJ

C MIJ JH F M? ANA ?

x = a cos t,
=E IK AF ? J

y = a sin t,

x = a sin t,

y = a cos t,

0 <= t <= 2

HM = CHXBAJ=E

I = =

x2 y dx + xy 2 dy
t=2 t=0

(a cos t)2 (a sin t)(a sin t) + (a cos t)(a sin t)2 (a cos t) dt cos2 t sin2 tdt = a4 2
t=2 t=0

= 2a 4 a4 = 4

t=2 t=0 4

sin2 (2t)dt

a4 a4 sin2 (x)dx = 2 = 4 2 x=0

> E IK =HJ IAE? P (x, y ) = x2 y =E Q(x, y ) = xy 2 A =E IK AGA ? A IK AGA ? AHE ? F=H=C C K? =E AF ID? Q P = x2 , = y2 y x -B=H J=? J A HD = J K Green IJD AEIJ = F D c F K FAHE>X AE JD AFEBX AE= K E @I K A = J = a = G K A

I = =

x2 y dx + xy 2 dy =
Dxy

(xy 2 ) (x2 y ) x y
a

dxdy

(y 2 + x2 )dxdy =
Dxy a t=0,2 2

2 ddt

=0

=
=0

3 d

dt =
t=0

a 2

5J F=H=FX M

HM = AB=H

I= A AJ=JH F IA F

E ? IK JAC

A? @D =@

x = cos t,

y = sin t,

dxdy = ddt

)I DID

= KF

CEIJA J
I=

HM =
ydx + xdy x2 + y 2

? JD? FAHE JH K J K JHEC A(1, 1) B (1, 1) =E (3, 0) > =JX C =JX ID

=

= =JX

K AB A

HKB ? J= ID A =

? JD? FAHEB HAE=? x2 + y2 = a2 ? JD? FAHEB HAE=? x2 + y2 + 4x + 3 = 0

x + y2 K )*/ 5K>AF ? F H Q= x2

y , + y2 H J=E F= J IJ AIMJAHE J K JHEC A HD = Green -FEF G K A P = x2

E IK =HJ IAE?

A = AB=H

I K AJ

Q P y 2 x2 = = 2 x y (x + y 2 )2
5K AF ? A =E

I=

ydx + xdy = x2 + y 2

Dxy

Q P x y

dxdy =
Dxy

0=0

> 5J AIMJAHE J K K E @ I K KFXHGAE J ID A (x, y ) = (0, 0) F K E IK =HJ IAE? P =E Q @A H J=E 5JD FAH FJMID =KJ @A F H A = AC=H K A J A HD = J K Green =E FH FAE = KF C I K A J AFE = F E HM = -FAE@ J H= Q P A = AFE N K A F E=@ F JA AEIJ = F D F K FAH IK >= AE = A =E x = y F H E GAE M? J = = ID A (x, y ) = (0, 0) 0 FAHEB HAE= J K K x2 + y 2 = a2 A =E E= @K =J FAH FJMID =E A =E =F JE? FH JE JAHA? AN=EJA =? JD? A D? F=H= AJH F ID? JD? = X FM? = @ K A =E F=H= XJM JD? =F F DID? JM IK =HJ IAM P =E Q -JIE = G K A

x = a cos t,
=E IK AF ? J

y = a sin t,

x = a sin t,

y = a cos t,

0 <= t <= 2

HM = CHXBAJ=E

I = =

ydx + xdy = x2 + y 2
2 t=0 2 2

2 t=0

(a sin t) (a cos t) (a sin t) + (a cos t) dt 2 a a2

2

(sin t + cos t)dt =

t=0

dt = 2
!

C 0 = F D x2 + y 2 +4x +3 = 0 CHXBAJ=E AF ID? (x +2)2 + y 2 = 1 F=HEIJX AE FAHEB HAE= K = J =? 1 A JH J ID A (x, y ) = (2, 0)  FM? A = @E=FEIJ K A F=H=FX M K ? @ I ? FAHE GAE J = = ID A (x, y ) = (0, 0) A@ @ M? Q P JE EIG AE x = y F H A = AFE N K A F E=@ F JA AEIJ = F D F K FAHE GAE J ID A (x, y ) = (0, 0) E= J JAE= = F D A =E D FAHEB HAE= x2 + y 2 = a2 JD? FAH FJMID? > 5K AF ? J HM = = A =E

c:x2 +y 2 +4x+3=0

ydx + xdy = x2 + y 2

c:x2 +y 2 =a2

ydx + xdy = 2 x2 + y 2

)I DID ! 7F

C IJA J
I=

HM =
(2xy x2 )dx + (x + y 2 )dy

=J ? F DH JE? FH KF IAE? J K AMH =J ? Green =E AFEF G K A Q = x 1 =E P = 2 x 6 AFE = F E HM= AJ=JH FAJ=E IA = @EF HM = A J F y HMID? Dxy JD FAHE G F K FAHE>X AJ=E =F JE? F=H=> ? y = x2 =E x = y 2 =E IK AF ? A HE= 0 < x < 1, x2 < y < x -JIE = G K A DH

F K c A =E D AEIJ = F D F K IGD =J AJ=E =F JE? F=H=> ? y = x2 =E x = y2 ID E IK =HJ IAE? P (x, y ) = 2xy x2 =E Q(x, y ) = x + y 2 J K F=H=FX M

I = =
x=0

(2xy x2 )dx + (x + y 2 )dy =

x=1 Dxy x x=1

Q P x y

dxdy

(1 2x)dy dx =
y =x2 x=0

(x1/2 x2 2x3/2 + 2x5/2 )dx

11 105

)I DID "

= AF= D AKJA
I=

J F ? J K Green CE= J
(x2 xy 3 )dx + (y 2 2xy )dy

HM =

(0, 2)

F K c A =E J JAJHXCM ID

HKB ? J= ID A = O(0, 0) A(2, 0) B (2, 2)

AFE = F E

/E= = AF= D A I K A J A HD = J K Green FH FAE = KF CI K A J HM = =E J = J IJ EG @EF HM = =E = >H A JD @E= JE

"

=6 AFE = F E

HM = =J=

? J K JAJH=C

K )*/, CHXBAJ=E

I =
c:OAB O

(x2 xy 3 )dx + (y 2 2xy )dy (x2 xy 3 )dx + (y 2 2xy )dy

c:OA

= +
c:AB

(x2 xy 3 )dx + (y 2 2xy )dy (x2 xy 3 )dx + (y 2 2xy )dy

c:B

+ +
c:O

(x2 xy 3 )dx + (y 2 2xy )dy

-FAE@ D DID FAHE AJHE X J K JAJH=C K C AJ== F=HHX D = JM =N M Ox =E Oy F H A AK = = KF C I K A J= F=H=FX M DH =J= AMH J=? CE= F=HX@AEC = JE =JX ? J K XN = Ox D AJ=> DJ y F=H= AE IJ= AH =E AJ=>X AJ=E Dx -JIE = G K A

I =
c:OA

(x2 xy 3 )dx +
c:AB

(y 2 2xy )dy (y 2 2xy )dy

c:O 2 2 y =0 0 y =2

+
c:B 2

(x2 xy 3 )dx + (x2 x(0)3 )dx +

=
x=0 0

(y 2(2)y )dy

+
x=2

(x2 x(2)3 )dx +

(y 2 2(0)y )dy

8 16 40 8 = + =8 3 3 3 3
> = >X J=? KF OD JE

P (x, y ) = x2 xy 3 ,
=E AF ID? JE

Q(x, y ) = y 2 2xy

P = 3xy 2 , y
J AFE = F E

Q = 2y, x

Q P = 2y + 3xy 2 x y
A HD = Green

HM = CHXBAJ=E I

BM = A J

I = =

(x2 xy 3 )dx + (y 2 2xy )dy =

Dxy 2 x=0 2 y =0

Q P x y

dxdy

(2y + 3xy )dy dx =

x=0

(4 + 8x)dx = 8

)I DID # , AJ=E D F=H=> y = x2 =E D AK A = y = x + 2 = >HA A J A >=@ J K J F K F K H AJ=E =F JD J J K? A JD GH ID J K AFE = F E K DH =J ? J K Green

#

ID

6 A >=@

FM? A =E C MIJ =F JD

AMH = @ AJ=E =F JD IG ID

S=

1 2

y dx + xdy
c

5J IKC A HE FH > D = J I H J KJ F K J K F K K A = KF CI K A J A >=@ =F JA AEJ=E =F @ @E=B HAJE ? = F A? =E IK AFM? F H K A = CHXO K A

S = S1 + S2 =

1 2

y dx + xdy +
c1

1 2

y dx + xdy
c2

) = KJE X = G K A AFE C J=? JD H B HX @E=CH=B ? J K IK c1 : 0 = F D c1 F=H= AJH F E J=E M? ANA ?

H K

c1 = {x = t, y = t2 ,
=E IK AF ? = G K A

1 t 2}

S1 =

1 2 1 = 2

y dx + xdy =
c1 t=2 t=1

1 2

t=2

y
t=1

dx dx +x dt dt
t=2

dt 3 2

t2 (1) + t(2t) dt =

1 2

t2 dt =

t=1

c2 : 0 = F D c2 F=H= AJH F E J=E M? ANA ? c2 = {x = t, y = t + 2,

=E IK AF ? = G K A

1 t 2}

S1 =

1 2 1 = 2

dx dx +x dt dt dt c1 t=1 t=2 1 t=1 ((t + 2)(1) + t(1)) dt = 2dt = 3 2 t=0 t=1 y dx + xdy = 1 2 y

t=2

5K

E X IK AF ? = G K A

S = S1 + S2 =

9 3 +3= 2 2

)I DID $ = KF CEI A A JD > DHM XJM J A >=@ J K J F K

AE=

=JX

D M

AFE = F

EM

Dxy = (x, y ) R2 : x2 + y 2 52 ,

x2 y 2 + 1 42 32

A >=@

ID

6 A >=@ F K K A = KF J K K E @ I K =E S2 J A >=@ $

C I K A = A =E S = S1 S2 F K S1 J JD? AEOD?

- >=@

S1 -B=H

J=? J

J F J K Green C MH

K A JE

S1 =

1 2

y dx + xdy
E @I K = A =E

0 F=H= AJH F DID JD? FAHEB HAE=? J K K

x = 5 cos t, y = 5 sin t,
IK AF ? = A =E
2

0 t 2

S1 =
t=0

(5 sin t)(5 sin t) + (5 cos t)(5 cos t) dt 1 2

2

=
- >=@

25dt = 25
t=0

S2 6 A >=@

S2 = @ AJ=E AF ID? =F J S2 = 1 2 y dx + xdy

AEOD? = A =E

J F

0 F=H= AJH F DID JD? FAHEB HAE=? JD?

x = 4 cos t, y = 3 sin t,
IK AF ? = A =E
2

0 t 2

S1 =
t=0

(3 sin t)(4 sin t) + (4 cos t)(3 cos t) dt

2

1 = 2

12dt = 12
t=0

5K AF ? IK E X = A =E S = S1 S2 = 25 12 = 13

)I DID % , AJ=E J

B

HM =
(2xy y 4 + 3)dx + (x2 4xy 3 )dy
A

I=

F K A(1, 0) =E B (2, 1) = = @AEG A JE D JE J K DH =J ? A =E = ANXHJDJD =F JD = F DF KA AE J= A =E B > = >HA A = IK XHJDID U = U (x, y ) J J E= IJA

dU = (2xy y 4 + 3)dx + (x2 4xy 3 )dy

C

= KF ID

CEI A D JE

J K
%

DH

=J ? I

= )H A

= @A N K A JE

Q x

P y

2HXC =JE G K A AB I

P (x, y ) = 2xy y 4 + 3,
JE

Q(x, y ) = x2 4xy 3

Q P = = 2x 4y 3 x y > -B I FM? @A N= A F=H=FX M J HM = A =E = AN=HJDJ J K @H K 4 2 3 KFXHGAE IK XHJDID U (x, y ) J JAE= IJA dU = (2xy y + 3)dx + (x 4xy )dy -FEF AFAE@ CA E JAH= A =E U U dU (x, y ) = dx + dy x y IK FAH= K A JE U U = 2xy y 4 + 3, = x2 4xy 3 x y = G K A J H= U x = 2xy y 4 + 3 U =
5KC H

(2xy y 4 + 3)dx = yx2 xy 4 + 3x + C (y )

U C (y ) = x2 4xy 3 + y y
@D KFXHG KI= = FH FAE = A =E

J=? JD F=H=FX M IG ID A JD

C (y ) =0 y
@D =@ D IK XHJDID C A =E E= =K = HAJD IJ= AHX )H= = G K A U (x, y ) = yx2 xy 4 + 3x + C 0 IK XHJDID U (x, y ) F HA = KF CEIJA A = = JE X =F J F=H= XJM HM =
B (x,y )

U (x, y ) =
A(1,0)

(2x y y 4 + 3)dx + (x 2 4x y 3 )dy + C

AMH

J=? J A @EX AI ID A

K (x, 0) -JIE = G K A (2x y y 4 + 3)dx + (x 2 4x y 3 )dy + C (2x (0) (0)4 + 3)dx

B (x,y )

U (x, y ) = =
A(1,0) B (x,y )

A(1,0) K (x,0)

+
K (x,0)

(x2 4xy 3 )dy = 3x + yx2 xy 4 + C

C 6

HM = CHXBAJ=E AF ID?
B

I =
A B

(2xy y 4 + 3)dx + (x2 4xy 3 )dy dU (x, y ) = U (xB , yB ) U (xA , yA )

=
A

= (1)(2)2 (2)(1)4 + 3(2) + C ((0)(1)2 (1)(0)4 + 3(1) + C ) = 5

&

6 F=H=FX M ID A K (2, 0) 6
B

HM = F HA = KF CEIJA A = HM = = CHXBAJ=E F

= JE X

AMH

J=? J

A @EX AI

I =
A

(2xy y 4 + 3)dx + (x2 4xy 3 )dy (2xy y 4 + 3)dx + (x2 4xy 3 )dy
K B 1 y =0

=
AK 2

=
x=1

(2x(0) (0)4 + 3)dx +

((2)2 4(2)y 3 )dy = 3 + 2 = 5

= KF CEIJA J HM = I = S F d F K F = 18z i 12j + 3y k =E S D AFEBX AE= 2x + 3y + 6z = 12 CE= x, y, z 0 ID = JH F ? 0 AFEBX AE= S FX M IJD F = K A = KF CI K A J

HM = FH >X AJ=E IJ AF FA@ xy IJD JHECM E AFEBX AE= Dxy F K FAHE = F A? x = 0 y = 0 =E 2x + 3y = 12 -F ID? A =E A AJ=E =F JE?

)I DID &

=
=E

1 = (2i + 3j + 6k ) 7 || z 2 z 7 ) + ( )2 dxdy = dxdy x y 6

d =
6 HM = J H= KF

1+(

C AJ=E M? AN ?

I =
S

F d =
Dxy

(18z i 12j + 3y k )
6
2 x 43

1 (2i + 3j + 6k ) 7

7 dxdy 6

=
Dxy

(6 2x)dxdy =
x=0

(6 2x)dxdy = 24

y =0

> JH F ? 6

HM = F HA AF ID? = CH=BA M? AN ?

I = ()
Dyz

18z dy dz + ()
Dxz

(12)dxdz + ()
Dxy

3y dxdy

F K Dyz Dxz =E Dxy A =E E FH > ? JD? AFEBX AE=? S = J IJ EG= IJ= AF FA@= yz xz =E xy 5A X A = FAH FJMID E = J IJ EG E J F E =E J= = J IJ EG= FH ID = = A =E

Dyz = {(y, z ) R2 , Dxz = {(x, z ) R2 , Dxy = {(x, y ) R2 ,

y, z 0, x, z 0, x, y 0,

3y + 6z 12, 2x + 6z 12, 2x + 3y 12,

cos = i = cos = j = cos = j =

2 > 0} 7 3 > 0} 7 6 > 0} 7

'

=E J

HM = F

KF
4

C AJ=E M? AN ?
2 y 2 z =0
x 4 23

I =
y =0 6

18z dy dz +
x=0

3 x 3 z =0

(12)dxdz

+
x=0

3y dxdy = 48 72 + 48 = 24
HM = AB=H J=? = J J F JK

y =0

7F @AEND 2H IF= IJA = KF Gauss =E > J J F J K Stokes

C IAJA J

)I DID ' = KF CEIJA J AEIJ HM = 2 2 2 2 IJD AFEBX AE= JD? IB= H=? x + y + z = a = 9? AFEAFAEBX AE HM = = J F K > A JD > ID AE= J K J F K J K Gauss

(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )d

FX M

= 6 HM = F HA = KF CEIJA A GHDIE F E I K A IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C A? F K

= FX M IJD AFEBX AE= JD? IB= H=? =

x = a cos sin ,
A HE=

y = a sin sin , 0 ,

z = a cos , 0 2

d = a2 sin dd

-JIE = G K A

I = = a4
> 5 BM = A J

(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )d =
S G 2

a2 a2 sin dd

sin d
=0 =0

d = a4 2 2 = 4a4

J F J K Gauss G K A

F d =
S V

divF dV

5KC H J=? J FH J ? JD? F=H=FX M IG ID? A J HM = F K G K A = KF C I K A IK FAH= K A JE = FH FAE D IK XHJDID F = E = F EA JD IG ID F = (x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) -FAE@ J H= CE= (x, y, z ) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 a2 = 0 = G K A JE

= 2xi + 2y j + 2z k,

|= 2a,

1 xi + y j + z k a
F=H=FX M J F

A = IK FAH= K A JE = A =E F = a xi + y j + z k 5K AF ? =F J J K Gauss =E GHDIE F E J=? IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C A? = G K A

I =
S

F d =
V

divF dV = 3a
a r=0

dxdy dz
V 2

= 3a
G

r2 sin drdd = 3a

r2 dr

sin d
=0 =0

4 = 3a a3 2 2 = 4a4 3


)I DID 

= >HA A D H

J K @E= KI =JE

FA@ K F = xi + y j + z 2 k =F FJAJ=E FJAJ=E

= 6 J = JD? =F J= AF FA@= z = 0 > )F J I H =F J= AF FA@= z = 0 ID

K E @HE ? AFEBX AE=? x2 + y 2 = 4 F K =F =E z = 1 J K IJAHA K @H K x2 + y2 <= 4 F K =F =E z = 1

= -G K A = KF C I K A J AFEAFAEBX AE HM = I = F d 6 S HM = =KJ F HA = KF CEIJA A = GHDIE F E J=? K E @HE ? IK JAJ=C -JIE D AFEBX AE= J K K @H K F=H= AJH F EA J=E M? ANA ?

A?

x = 2 cos ,
A HE=

y = 2 sin , 0 2,

z = z, 0z1

d = 2ddz

-FAE@ J H= CE= (x, y, z ) = x2 + y 2 4 = 0 = G K A JE

= 2xi + 2y j,
J HM = = CHXBAJ=E

|= 4 ,

1 xi + y j 2

I =
S

F d =
S

1 2 x + y 2 d 2
2 1

=
G

1 4 2ddz = 4 2

d
=0 z =0

dz = 8

> 5JD FAH FJMID =KJ E = F E J=E J= HEJ HE= J K AMH =J ? J K Gauss F K G K A JD AEIJ AFEBX AE= S F K =F JA AEJ=E =F JD K E @HE AFEBX AE= =E JE? AFEBX AEA? JM AFEF @M z = 0 =E z = 1 = GHDIE F E I K A K E @HE ? IK JAJ=C A? F K > >=E= A =E x = cos , y = sin , z = z, dV = dddz A HE=

0 2,
-JIE I BM = A J

0 2,

0z1

J F J K Gauss J

HM = = A =E

I =
S

F d =
V

divF dV (1 + z ) dddz
G

=
S 2

(1 + 1 + 2z ) dV = 2
2 1

= 2
=0

d
=0

d
z =0

(1 + z )dz = 2 2 2

3 = 12 2

 " -21-21.) -1)

)I DID  ID
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1

049 )6)

= AF= D AKJA J F ? J K Stokes CE= J @E= KI =JE FA@ F = z i + xj + y k F K D AFEBX AE= S A =E J X M D EIB= HE JD? IB= H=?
= FH FAE = @A N K A JE

I=
c

F dr =
S

rotF nd

= 7F CEI ? J K AFE = F E K DH =J ? 6 AFE = F E HM = C AJ=E =JX ? JD? = F D? c D F = >H I AJ=E F= M IJ AF FA@ Oxy =E J=KJ AJ=E A JD FAHEB HAE= J K K x2 + y 2 = 1 - JA J=? JD F=H= AJH F DID

x = cos t,
=E = >X =J? KF OD JE =J=

y = sin t,

dx = sin t, dt

dy = cos t dt

? JD? c A =E z = 0 = G K A
2

I =
c

F dr =
c 2

zdx + xdy + ydz =

t=0

z (t)

dy dz dx +x +y dt dt dt dt
2

=
t=0

[0 ( sin t) + cos t (cos t) + sin t 0] dt =

t=0

cos2 tdt =

> 7F = >X

CEI ? J K AFEAFEBX AE K J=? KF OD JE i

DH

=J ?

rotF = (1 0)i + (1 0)j + (1 0)k = i + j + k ii AF ID? JE CE= (x, y, z ) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 1 = 0 = G K A = 2xi + 2y j + 2z k, iii =E JE CE= z = 1 x2 y 2 d =
= G K A IK E X

|= 2 ,

= xi + y j + z k

1+(

z 2 z 1 ) + ( )2 = dxdy x y z

I =
S

rotF nd =
Dxy

i + j + k xi + y j + z k

1 dxdy z

=
Dxy

1 (x + y + z ) dxdy z x+y+ 1 x2 y 2 1 1 x2 y 2 dxdy

=
Dxy

F K IJD F=H=FX M IG ID J F ? Dxy FH B= ? J=KJ AJ=E A J K E @ I FAH EB HAE=? x2 + y 2 = 1 5JE? FAHEFJ IAE? =KJ ? FM? IK D K A X K A AJ=JH F IA F E ? IK JAJ=C A? =E = G K A IK AF ?

x = cos t,
=E J HM = CHXBAJ=E F

y = sin t, dxdy = ddt

I =
G

cos t + sin t +

1 2

=
G 1

=
=0 1

1 2 cos t + sin t ddt + 1 2 G 1 2 cos t ddt + 1 2 =0 t=0

2

ddt ddt
2 t=0

cos t 1 2

ddt

+
=0 t=0

ddt = 0 + 0 + =

5K AF ? J

A HD = J K Stokes AF= D A JD A

)I DID , AJ=E D IK XHJDID F = 3yi xz j + yz 2 k =E D AFEBX AE= S A AN IMID z = (x2 + y2 )/2 -IJM c D = F D F K A =E D J JD? AFEBX AE=? S A J AF FA@ z = 2 = C AE AF= AKID J K J F K J K Stokes ID = FH FAE = AF= D A I K A JD IG ID
F dr =
c S

rotF nd
H =J ?

= 7F

CEI

? J K AFEAFAEBX AE K

i -G K A JE

rotF = (z 2 + x)i + 0j + (z 3)k,

ii AF ID? CE= (x, y, z ) = z (x2 + y 2 )/2 = 0

= xi y j + k, iii =E JE d = 1+(

|=

x2 + y 2 + 1 ,

xi y j + k x2 + y 2 + 1

z 2 z ) + ( )2 dxdy = x y

x2 + y 2 + 1dxdy

= G K A IK

E X

I =
S

rotF nd (z 2 + x)i + 0j + (z 3)k

Dxy

= =
Dxy

xi y j + k x2 + y 2 + 1

x2 + y 2 + 1dxdy (z 2 + x)x + (z + 3) dxdy (

Dxy

x2 + y 2 2 x2 + y 2 ) x + x2 + + 3 dxdy 2 2

F K IJ F=H=FX M HM = Dxy A =E D FH > JD? AFEBX AE=? S IJ AF FA@ Oxy =E D F = FAH=J AJ=E =F JD AEIJ = F D c F K FH FJAE =F JD =F= AEB J K z =F 2 2 JE? ANEI IAE? z = (x + y )/2 =E z = 2 ) IM? FH FJAE JE FH AEJ=E CE= FAHEB HAE= K A AN IMID x2 + y 2 = 22 X K A AJ=JH F IA F E ? IK JAJ=C A? =E = G K A IK AF ? x = cos t, y = sin t, dxdy = ddt =E J HM = CHXBAJ=E F

I =
G 2

=
t=0 2

4 2 cos t + 2 cos2 t + + 3 ddt 4 2 2 2 2 5 cos tddt + 3 cos2 tddt t=0 =0 =0 4

2

2 2 3 ddt + 3ddt t=0 =0 2 t=0 =0 = 0 + 4 + 4 + 12 = 20

> 7F CEI ? J K AFE = F E K DH =J ? - =E FH B= ? JE D AN IMID JD? = F D? c A =E x2 + y 2 = 4, F=H= AJHE HB CHXBAJ=E

z = 2 D F = IA

x = 2 cos t,
=E AF ID? A =E

y = 2 sin t,

z = 2, t [0, 2 ]

dx = 2 sin t, dt
2

dy = 2 cos t, dt

dz = 0

-JIE = G K A J H=

I =
c

F dr =
t=0 2

3(2 sin t)(2 sin t) 2 cos t2(2 cos t) + 2 sin t22 0 dt

2 t=0

=
t=0

4 sin2 t + 8 =

4 sin2 tdt

8dt
t=0

= 4 16 = 20

"

)I DID ! = AF= D AKJA J F ? J K Stokes CE= JD @E= KI =JE 2 2 2 IK XHJDID F = y i + z j + x k =E JD AFEBX AE= S F K A =E J J = JD? AFEBX AE=? J K AFEF @ K z = x + 1 F K =F FJAE E @H ?
x2 + y 2 = 1

ID ID

= FH FAE = AF= D A I K A JD IG ID

F dr =
c S

rotF d

= 7F CEI ? J K AFEAFAEBX AE K H =J ? 0 AFEBX AE= J K AFEF @ K F K =F FJAJ=E =F J E @H FH >X AJ=EIJ AF FA@ Oxy 2 2 IJD AFEBX AE= Dxy F K A =E K E ? @I ? x +y =1 i -G K A JE rotF = 2z i 2xj 2y k, ii AF ID? CE= (x, y, z ) = z x 1 = 0

= i + k, iii =E JE d =
5K E X = G K A

|=

2,

i + k 2

1+(

z 2 z ) + ( )2 dxdy = 2dxdy x y

I =
S

rotF d (2z i 2xj 2y k )

Dxy

= =
Dxy

i + k 2

2dxdy

(2z 2y )dxdy (2 (x + 1) 2y )dxdy

Dxy

= =
Dxy

2 dxdy +
Dxy

2xdxdy
Dxy

2y dxdy

3HDIE A HE=

F E

J=? F

E ? IK JAJ=C

A? F K

x = cos t,

y = sin t,

dxdy = ddt

0 1,
J F=H=FX M HM = = CHXBAJ=E
1 2

0 t 2
1 2

I = 2
=0 1

d 2 d

dt + 2
t=0 2 t=0 =0

d
t=0

cos tdt

2
=0

sin tdt = 2
#

> 7F CEI ? J K AFE = F E K DH =J ? 0 F=H= AJHE F K FAHE>X AE JD @ I D AFEBX AE= A =E FH B= ?

AN IMID JD? = F

D?

r(t) = cos ti + sin tj + (cos t + 1)k

6 F=H=FX M FH FJAE =F J JE D FH > JD? = F D? IJ AFEFA@ Oxy A =E FAH EB HAE= K A AN IMID x2 + y 2 =E FH B= F=H= AJH F DID x = cos t, y = sin t 0 AN IMID JD? F=H=FX M = F D? J= AJ=B HAJ=E IJD @ I D AFEBX AE= FH FJAE A JD = JE =JXIJ=ID z = x + 1 = cos t + 1 6 AFE = F E HM = = A =E J H=

I =
c

F dr =
2

y 2

dx dy dz + z 2 + x2 dt dt dt

dt

=
t=0

sin2 t( sin t) + (1 + cos t)2 cos t + cos2 t( sin t) dt

2

= 2
t=0

cos2 tdt = 2

)I DID " = KF CEI A A JHAE? @E=B HAJE ? JH F K? J AFE B= AE= HM = I = S z cos d F K S A =E D ANMJAHE AFEBX AE= JD? IB= H=? x2 + y2 + z 2 = 1 =E cos A =E D JH JD IK EIJ I= J K X AJ K IJD AFEBX AE= S =@E= K @E= I =J ?  A =E D CM = F K IGD =J AE J A J XN = zz  ID = JH F ? 3MH K A JD IB= H= IJ= @ D EIB= HE= S1 =E S2 = J IJ EG=
= E E @ AFEBX AE=? FH >X J=E FH B= ? IJ AF FA@ xy IJ x2 + y 2 = 1 = G K A AF ID? = J IJ EG= CE= JE? @ AFEBX AEA? K E @I

Dxy :

S1 : cos d = +dxdy, S2 : cos d = dxdy,

z=

1 x2 y 2

z = 1 x2 y 2

F K IJD FAH FJMID JD? AFEBX AE= S1 J FH ID (+) BA AJ=E IJ JE D CM = J K @E = I =J ? IGD =J AE NA = CM = A J @EX KI= k A IJD AFEBX AE= S2 J FH ID () BA AJ=E IJ JE D CM = J K @E= I =J ? IGD =J AE = > A = CM = A J @EX KI= k 6 HM = KF C AJ=E F M? AN ?

I =
S

z cos d =
S1

z cos d +
S2

z cos d 1 x2 y 2 dxdy 1 2 dd = 2 2 4 = 3 3
F=H= XJM

=
Dxy

1 x2 y 2 dxdy
Dxy

= 2
Dxy

1 x2 y 2 dxdy = 2
G

> JH F ? = GHDIE AJ=IGD =JEI

F E I K A IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C

A? =

J=? J

x = cos sin ,

y = sin sin ,
$

z = cos ,

d = 12 sin dd

A HE=

0 ,
-F ID? = G K A

0 2

=
6 HM = F A KF

= (xi + y j + z k ), || C AJ=E M? AN ? z 2 d =
S S 2

k =z

I =
S

z cos d =
2 =0 2

(cos )2 sin dd d cos2 sin d = 2 2 4 = 3 3

=
=0

cos sin dd =
=0

=0

C JH F ? F H A = KF AB I J AFEAFAEBX AE HM = F HA = CH=BA

CI K A J HM = AB=H J=? J J F J K Gauss HM = KF C AJ=E IJD AEIJ AFEBX AE= JD? IB= H=? 6 =E M? AN ?

I=
S

z cos d =
S

z k d =
S

z k d
BM = A J J F J K Gauss

) IJ F=H=FX M = G K A

HM = AMH I K A JE F = z k I

div F dV =
V S

F d

= >X

J=? KF OD JE divF = 1 = G K A

I =
S

z k d =
V

div z k dV =
V 1

dV
2

=
G

2 sin ddd = 1 4 2 2 = 3 3

d
=0 =0

sin d
=0

)I DID # = KF CEIJA J AFEB= AE= F K S D ANMJAHE AFEBX AE= J K A AEO AE@
x2 y 2 z 2 + 2 + 2 = 1, a2 b c

HM = I =

z dxdy

(a, b, c > 0)
J=? KF OD JE cos d = dxdy CHXBA

J=E

ID = JH F ? 6
I=
S

HM =

=E = >X

z cos d =
S

z ( k )d =
S

(z k ) d
J=? =JX D = AFE AC A? I

-B=H J=? J A HD = J K Gauss B=EHE ? IK JAJ=C A? F K

=E GHDIE

F E

x = ar cos sin ,

y = br sin sin ,

z = cr cos ,
%

dV = abcr2 sin drdd

0 r 1,
= G K A

0 2,

I =
S 1

(z k ) d =
V 2 =0 1 r=0 =0 2

div(z k )dV =
V

dV

=
r=0

abcr2 sin drdd d

=0 =0

= abc

r2 dr

sin d =

4 abc 3

7F @AEND 2H IF= A IJA = KF C IAJA =FAK A =? J F=H=FX M HM = A JA = FH >X M J=? F G JD AFEBX AE= J K A AEO AE@ ? IJ AF FA@ xy A JA > F=H= AJH F E J=? JD AFEBX AE= J K A AEO AE@ ? GHDIE F E J=? =JX D = AFE AC A? IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C A?

= C AE AF= AKID J K J F K J K Gauss CE= JD IK XHJDID 2 F = 4xi 2y j + z k =E JD IJAHAX FAHE G V F K FAHE A AJ=E =F JD K E @HE AFEBX AE= x2 + y 2 = 4 =E J= AF FA@= z = 0 z = 3 ID = FH FAE = @A N K A JE
2

)I DID $

div AdV =
V S

F d

F KV C ? J K IJAHA =E S D AEIJ AFEBX AE= F K FAHE A AE J F=H=FX M C 0 AFBX AE= =KJ IK IJ=J=E =F JHAE? @E=B HAJE ? FH ? JD F=H= A AJH F IDID AFEBX AEA? = JD AFEBX AE= z = 0 JD X K A S1  > JD AFEBX AE= z = 3 S2  =E C JD AFEBX AE= 2 2 x + y = 4 S3  A J= = J IJ EG= HE= IA X A FAH FJMID @A? IG =  = = KF C I K A =HGE X J JHEF HM = X =J? GH ID K E @HE IKI JAJ=C M F K x = cos , y = sin , z = z, dV = dddz A HE=

0 2,
A AF ID? = G K A

0 2,

0z3

divF = (4 4y + 2z ) = (4 4 sin + 2z )
6 HM = J H= KF C AJ=E M? ANA ?

I =
V 2 2

divF dV =
V 3

(4 4 sin + 2z )dddz

=
=0 =0 z =0

(4 4 sin + 2z )dddz = 84
HM = IJD AFEBX AE= F K FAHE A AE J DH =J= = J IJ EG= IJE? AFEBX AEA? S1 S2 &

> C

= KF C I K A J H= J AFEAFAEBX AE V KF C J=? JH = AFEAFAEBX AE=

=E S3 > /E= J

HM = IJD AFEBX AE= S1 = G K A

d = dxdy,
=E IK AF ?

= k

I1 =
S1

F d =
D1

(z 2 )dxdy = 0

F K X>= A KF OD JE IJD AFEBX AE= S1 G K A IJ= AHX z = 0 >  /E= J HM = IJD AFEBX AE= S2 = G K A

d =
=E IK AF ?

1+(

y 2 y ) + ( )2 dxd = dxdy, x z

=k

I2 =
S2

F d =
D2

(z 2 )dxdy = 9

dxdy = 9 22 = 36
A?

>! /E= J F K A HE=

HM = IJD AFEBX AE= S3 = GHDIE

F E I K A K E @HE ? IK JAJ=C

x = 2 cos ,

y = 2 sin , 0 2,

z = z, 0z3

d = 2ddz

=E AF ID?

1 = (xi + y j ) 2 || (2x2 y 3 )d
S3

I3 =
S3

F d =

=
D3

8(cos2 sin3 )2ddz

2 3 z =0

= 16
=0

(cos2 sin3 )ddz = 48

5K

E X = G K A

I=
S

F d = I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 = 0 + 36 + 48 = 84

)I DID %

= AF= D AKJA

J F ? J K Stokes CE= J

HM =

(z y )dx + (x z )dy + (y x)dz

C (0, 0, a)

F K c A =E D FAH AJH ? J K JHEC

K ABC A
'

HKB ? A(a, 0, 0) B (0, a, 0)

JD? @E=@H = J IJ EG=

ID = )HGE X = KF
? A B C

CI K A J AEIJ AFE = F E HM = =JX 0 F=H= AJH F IDID JM JHE F=H=FX M @E=@H

? A =E

AB: BC: CA:

=E J AEIJ

x + y = a, y + z = a, x + z = a,

x = t, y = t, x = t,

y = a t, z = a t, z = a t,

at0 at0 0ta

HM = = A =E

I = =

F dr = () +
AB 0

(z x)dx + (x z )dy + (y x)dz () +

B C C A

()

=
t=a 0

[(0 (a t)) 1 + (t 0) (1) + (a t t) 0] dt [(a t t) 0 + (0 (a t)) 1 + (t 0) (1)] dt

t=a a

= =
t=0 0

[(a t 0) 1 + (t (a t)) 0 + (0 t) (1)] dt

0 a

=
t=a

(a)dt +
t=a

(a)dt +
t=0

adt = a2 + a2 + a2 = 3a2
HM =
S

>

= KF

C I K A J H= J = J IJ EG AFEAFAEBX E

rotF d

= G K A

rotF = 2i + 2j + 2k
=E AF ID? AFAE@ FH B= ? D AN IMID J K AFEF @ K A =E x + y + z = a = G K A

1 = (i + j + k ) 3 ||
AFEBX AE= F K FAHE A AJ=E

0 FH > JD? AFEBX AE=? S IJ AF FA@ Oxy A =E D JHECM E =F JE? = F A? y = 0 x = 0 =E x + y = a =E AF ID? A =E

d =
6 AFEAFAEBX E

1+(

z z 2 ) + ( )2 dxdy = 3dxdy. x y

HM = CHXBAJ=E F

I =
S a

rotF d =

=
x=0

1 (2i + 2j + 2k ) (i + j + k ) 3dxdy 3 D ax a a2 6dy dx = 6 (a x)dx = 6 = 3a2 2 y =0 x=0

)I DID & = AF= D AKJA J A HD = J K Stokes CE= J J = JD? 2 2 M E ? AFEBX AE=? z = 2 x + y F K >H I AJ=E AJ=N JM AFEF @M z = 2 =E z = 1 J= F = (y z )i + (z x)j + (x y )k
!

ID 5 BM = A J

J F J K A =E Stokes

F dr =
S

rotF d

= -FE = F E FE = F E F K = A =E =

HM = 0 = F D c FX M IJD F = = KF CI K A J AEIJ HM = >H I AJ=E IJ AF FA@ z = 1 =E A =E FAHEB HAE= K A= J = x2 + y 2 = 2 z = 1 5K AF ? D F=H= AJH F ID JD? FAEB HAE=? = A =E

x = cos ,
=E J HM = KF

y = sin ,

z = 1, 0 1

C AJ=E M? AN ?

I = =

F dr =
2

(y z )dx + (z x)dy + (x y )dz

[(sin 1) ( sin ) + (1 cos ) (cos )

=0

+ (cos sin ) (0)]d = 2

> -FEAFAEBX AE HM = 0 M E AFEBX AE= S FX M IJD F = = KF CI K A J 2 2 HM = FH >X AJ=E IJ AF FA@ xy IJ K E @ I x + y = 1 FH FJAE =F JD 2 2 =F= AEB J K z = X AI= IJD AN IMID J K K z = 2 x + y =E IJD AN IMID J K AFEF @ K z = 1 = G K A AF ID?

rotF = 2i 2j 2k,
=E AF ID?

1 = 2 ||

x x2 + y2

i+

y x2 + y2

j+k

d =
6 HM = J H= KF

1+(

z 2 z ) + ( )2 dxdy = 2dxdy x y

C AJ=E M? AN ?

I =
S

rotF d 1 (2i 2j 2k ) 2 2
D

=
D

x x2 + y 2 y + y2

i+

y x2 + y 2

j+k

2dxdy

= =
G

x x2 + y2

x2

+ 1 dxdy

2(cos + sin + 1)dd

2 1 2 1

= 2
=0 =0 2 1

cos dd 2
=0 =0

cos dd

2
=0 =0

dd = 0 + 0 2 = 2
!

F K IJ F=H=FX M

HM = X = A AJ=IGD =JEI

IA F

E ? IK JAJ=C

A?

AKID J K J F K J K Gauss CE= JD IK XHJDID F = (2x z )i + x y j xz k =E CE= JD AFEBX AE= J K > K F K H AJ=E =F J= AF FA@= x = 0 x = 1 y = 0 y = 1 z = 0 z = 1 ID = 7F CEI ? J K AFEAFAEBX E K DH =J ? > ? B= AJ= IJ IG =
2 2

)I DID '

= C AE AF=

KF

CEI

? J K AFEAFAEBX AE K

DH

=J ?

I=
S

F d

IK IJ=J=E IJ KF CEI 6 AFEFAEBX AEM HM =JM = CE= X A AFEBX AE= J K > K 2H FAE IA X A FAH FJMID = = HEIJA J X AH @EX KI = D IJ EGAE ID? AFEBX AE= d =E J= HE= JD? FH > ? JD? X A AFEBX AE=? IJ= AF FA@= xy xz =E yz -JIE = G K A IA X A FAH FJMID

ABCD : HEF G : ADGH : BCF E : ABEH : DCF G :

6= = J IJ EG=

= k, = k, = j, = j, = i, = i,
DH

d = dxdy, d = dxdy, d = dxdz, d = dxdz, d = dy dz, d = dy dz,

0 x 1, 0 x 1, 0 x 1, 0 x 1, 0 y 1, 0 y 1,

0 y 1, 0 y 1, 0 z 1, 0 z 1, 0 z 1, 0 z 1,

z=0 z=1 y=0 y=1 x=1 x=0

=J= A =E

I1 =
DABCD

(xz 2 )dxdy = 0
1 x=0 1

I2 =
DHEF G

(xz 2 )dxdy = I3 =
DADGH

(x)dxdy =
y =0

1 2

(x2 y )dxdz = 0 (x2 y )dxdz =

1 x=0 1 1 z =0 1

I4 =
DBCF E

x2 dxdy =

1 3 3 2

I5 =
DABEF

(2x z )dy dz =
y =0 z =0 1

(2 z )dy dz =
1

I6 =
DDCF G

(2x z )dy dz =
y =0 z =0

z dy dz =

1 2

5K

E X = G K A

I = I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 + I5 + I6 = 0 +

1 1 3 1 11 +0+ + + = 2 3 2 2 6

> -B=H

C J F K Gauss

)F J

J F J K Gauss F K

I=
S

F d =
V

divF dV

=E = >X = G K A

=J? KF OD JE

divF = 2 + x2 2xz

I =
V 1 1

divF dV =
V 1 z =0

(2 + x2 xz )dxdy dz 11 6

=
x=0 y =0

(2 + x2 2xz )dxdy dz =

2 2 )I DID  , AJ=E D AFEBX AE= = >HA A J A >=@ S 2z = 4 x y AJ=N JM KO z = 1 =E z = 2 ID = JH F ? = GHDIE F E I K A K E @HE ? IK JAJ=C A? F K

x = cos ,
A HE= = J IJ EG=

y = sin , 1z

z = z, 2,

2 = x2 + y 2 = 4 2z

0 2
AE@ ? = A =E

0 F=H= AJHE

F=HXIJ=ID JD? JD? AFEBX AE=? J K F=H=>

r(, z ) =
=E IK AF ? = G K A
1

4z 2 cos i +

4z 2 sin j + z k

r = 4z 2 sin i + 4z 2 cos j

r 1 1 = cos i sin j + k 4z 2 4z 2 5 2z , 1 1 = 4 2z, 2 2 = 1 2 = 0 4 2z 0 IJ EGAE ID AFEBX AE= d = A =E IK AF ?

2

d =
0 IK E

g ddz =

1)

2)

2)

5 2z ddz

AFEBX AE= = A =E

=
S

d =
S

5 2z ddz
=0

d
z =1

5 2z ddz

= 2

1 3 (5 2 2)3/2 3
!!

> JH F ? F H A = KF C I K A JD DJ A D AFEBX AE= FH >X =J? JD IJ AF FA@ xy 0 FH > JD? = A =E K E ? @= J E ? A = J A? F K FH FJ K =F JD =F= AEB J K z =F JE? ANEI IAE? JM AFEB= AE z = 1 =E z = 2 =E JD? AFEBX AE=? J K F=H=> AE@ ? 2z = 4 x2 y 2 -JIE E = J A? JM @ K E @ I M = A =E = J IJ EG= 1 = 2 =E 2 = 4 2 2 -FEF = G K A

d =
=E GHDIE F E J=? F

1+(

z 2 z ) + ( )2 dxdy = x y

1 + x2 + y 2 dxdy

E ? IK JAJ=C

A? A HE= = J IJ EG=

x = cos ,
A HE= = G K A JA E X

y = sin ,

dxdy = dd

4 2 2 2,

0 2

=
S 2

d =
2 Dxy

1 + x2 + y 2 dxdy =
G

1 + 2 dd 1 3 (5 2 2)3/2 3
F E J=? J

=
=0

d
=

42 2

1 + 2 d = 2

C JH F ? F H A = KF A HD = J K Gauss F K
S

C I K A J A >=@

JD? AFEBX AE=? GHDIE

F d =
V

divF dV.

5JD F=H=FX M IG ID V AE =E C ? F K FAHE EAJ=E =F JD J J = JD? AFEBX AE=? J K F=H=> AE@ ? F K K A = KF C I K A J A >=@  S  =E =F J K? K E ? 1 @ I K? JM AFEB= AE z = 1 AFEBX AE= S2  =E z = 2 S3  F H A IK AF ? = CHXO K A

F d =
S V

divF dV divF dv
V S1

F d =
S1

F d
S1

F d

5JD AFEBX AE= S1 J

X AJ @EX KI = A =E

| |

1 1 + x2 + y 2

(xi + y j + k )

=E AFE C = J=? CE= F=HX@AEC = JD @E= KI =JE

IK XHJDID

F =
J JA = G K A

1 + x2 + y 2 k

F d =
S1 S1

!"

= >X J=? AF ID? KF OD JE E AFEBX AE=? S2 =E S3 FH >X J=E IJ AF FA@ xy IA = J IJ EG K? K E ? @ I K? A = J A? = 2 =E = 4 2 2 = J IJ EG= @A? = =E > JH F K? JD? XI DID? =E JE divF = 0 = G K A IK E X

=
S1

d =
V

divF dV
S1

F d
S1

F d

= 0
D1

F (k )dxdy
D2

F k dxdy 1 + x2 + y 2 dxdy
42 2

=
D1 2

1 + x2 + y 2 dxdy
2 D2 2

=
=0

d
=0

1 + 2 d
=0

d
=0

1 + 2 d

= 2

1 3 (5 2 2)3/2 3
J=? =JX D

7F @AEND 2H IF= IJA = KF C IAJA J A >=@ JD? AFEBX AE=? AB=H = J J F J K Stokes ,A JA =E JD IGAJE AMH = J K AB= = K

)I DID 

= KF

CEI A J
S

HM =

x2 dy dz + y 2 dxdz + z 2 dxdy

F K S D AFEBX AE= JD? IB= H=? x2 + y2 + z 2 = a2 = 9? AFEAFEBX E HM = > J F K = A JD > AE= J K AMH =J ? JD? =F IAM? ID =  JH F ? 6 X AJ @EX KI = FX M IJD IB=EHE AFEBX AE= A =E
=
=E AF ID? A =E

1 = (xi + y j + z k ) a || F = x2 i + y 2 j + z 2 k

-= F=H= AJH F E I K A JD AFEBX AE= JD? IB= H=? GHDIE A? @D =@

F E

J=? IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C

x = a cos sin ,
A HE=

y = a sin sin , 0 2,

z = a cos , 0

d = a2 sin dd

!#

HM = J H= CHXBAJ=E

I =
S

x2 dy dz + y 2 dxdz + z 2 dxdy =
S

F d

= a
S

x3 + y 3 + z 3 d (cos sin )3 + (sin sin )3 + (cos )3 sin dd

S 2 =0 2

= a4 = a4 +
=0

cos3 d

=0

sin4 d +

2 =0

sin3 d

=0

sin4 d

d
=0

cos3 sin d

=0+0+0=0

> JH F ?

)F J

J F J K Gauss = G K A

I =
S

F d =
V

divF dV =
V

(2x + 2y + 2z )dxdy dz

= 2
V a

(r cos sin + r sin sin + r cos )r2 sin drdd r 3 dr

2 2

= 2
r=0 a

cos d
=0 =0

sin2 d

+
r=0 a

r3 dr r3 dr

sin d
=0 2 =0

sin2 d =0+0+0=0

+
r=0

d
=0 =0

cos sin d

)I DID 

= KF

CEIJA J
I=
c

HM =
yz dx + xz dy + xy dz

K @HE AFEBX AE= IJ AF FA@ x + y = 1 A =E =? K E ? @ I ? = J =? = 1 0 = F D c FX M IJD F = KF C AJ=E J HM = F=H= AJH F EA J=E M? AN ?

2 2

F K c A =E D AEIJ = F D x2 + y2 z = y2 = =JAK A = I= AFE = F E HM = > J F K > GHDIE F E J=? J J F J K Stokes ID = JH F ? 0 FH > ? JD? J JD? AFEBX AE=? z = y 2 A JD

r(t) = cos ti + sin tj + sin2 tk

!$

=E IK AF ? J

HM = C AJ=E

I =
c

yz dx + xz dy + xy dz
2

=
t=0 2

y (t)z (t)

dy dz dx + x(t)z (t) + x(t)y (t) dt dt dt

dt

=
t=0

sin t sin2 t( sin t) + cos t sin2 t( cos t)

+ cos t(2 sin t cos t) dt

2

=
t=0 2

3 cos2 t sin2 t sin4 t dt 3 cos2 t sin2 t sin2 t(1 cos2 ) dt sin2 2tdt
4 2 t=0

=
t=0 2

=
t=0

sin2 tdt
2

1 = 2
> JH F ? 5 BM = J

sin2 xdx

sin2 xdx = 0

x=0

x=0

J F J K Stokes G K A

I=
c

F dr =
S

rotF nd
AEIJ

F K S D AFEBX AE= F K A =E J = F D c =E F K = G K A M?

= JD? AFEBX AE=? z = y 2 F K FAHE>X AJ=E =F JD

F = yz i + xz dj + xy k rotF = (x x)i + (y y )dj + (z z )k = 0

5K AF ? = G K A

I=
S

rotF nd = 0

y 2 + z 2 = 1 =E D FH > = >X J=? KF OD JE

)I DID ! = KF CEIJA A @ JH F K? J A >=@ J K J =J ? F K =F FJAE =F J X M D EIB= HE z 0 JD? IB= H=? x2 + y2 + z 2 = 1 E @H ? x2 + y 2 y = 0 ID = JH F ? 6 A >=@ F K K A = KF C I K A A =E J = IB= H=? x2 +
J K D IJ AF FA@ xy A =E D >XID J K K @H K x2 + y 2 y = 0

d =
J A >=@

1+(

z 2 z ) + ( )2 dxdy = x y
HM =

1 1 x2 y 2 1

dxdy

= @ AJ=E =F J @EF

I=
S

d =
D

1 x2 y 2
!%

dxdy

3HDIE

F E

J=? F

E ? IK JAJ=C

A? F K

x = cos ,

y = sin ,

dxdy = dd
J

=E = >X J=? KF OD JE CM IK AJH =? D AFEBX AE= FH >X AJ=E EI F I= IJ= @ =J= J K K E @ I K J= HE= CE= JE? AJ=> DJ ? =E A =E

x2 + y 2 y = 0 0 sin ,
J HM = C AJ=E

I =
D /2

1 1 1
=0 /2

/2

sin =0

x2

y2

dxdy = 2
=0 /2

1 2

d d

= 2 = 2
=0

1 sin2 = 2

(1 | cos |) d
=0

(1 cos ) d = 2

F K X>= A KF OD JE 1 sin2 = cos2 = | cos | 7F @AEND ) IJ F=H=FX M HM = F= H = A I= HE= CE= JD CM = J HM = = CE J=  AJX JD HMID M? FH ? JD AJ=> DJ 
/2

I =
=0

(1 | cos |) d =
=0

(1 cos ) d +
=/2

(1 + cos ) d

=
> JH F ?

1 1 ( 2) + ( 2) = 2 2 2
= AB=H I K A IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C A? F K

x = cos sin ,

y = sin sin ,

z = cos

d = sin dd

6= ID A = J ? JD? IB= H=? A J E @H >H I J=E =F= A B J=? JD F I JDJ= x2 + y 2 =E GHDIE F E J=? IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C A? = G K A @D =@ CE= JD FAHE G F K =? A @E=B HAE

y + z 2 = 1 sin sin = 1 cos2 sin = sin =

6 A >=@ J KJ =J ? JD? IB=EHE
/2

? AFEBX AE=? = A =E IK AF ?
/2 /2

I =
S

d = 2
=0 /2 = /2

sin d d = 2
=0

sin d 2

=
=0

sin d 2
=0

sin d = 2

!&

 # -.)4

/-5
B E = J M a

)I DID  = KF CEIJA D X = J =J ? IB=EHE xyz b a < b =E FK JDJ=? = x2 +y2 +z2 x, y, z > 0 ID 0 X = J K I =J ? @ AJ=E =F JD IG ID
m=
V

(x, y, z )dxdy dz
X = GAE IB=EHE IG = =

-FAE@ J I = J K F K K A = KF C I K A JD GHDIE F E I K A IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C A? @D =@

x = r cos sin , y = r sin , z = r cos , dxdy dz = r2 sin drdd

A HE= AB I FAHE HE =IJA IJ FH J C@ D HE

a r b,
6 HM = CHXBAJ=E J H=

0 /2,

0 /4

m =

dxdy dz = x2 + y 2 + z 2 (a5 b5 ) 1 5 (a b5 ) 1 = = 5 4 20
V

xyz

b r=a

r dr
=0

/2

/4

sin d
=0

)I DID
2 2

x +y =a ID 0 H F =@H= A =? M? FH ? J Iz =

= KF CEIJA D H F =@H= A =? J K A O ? b M? FH ? J XN = JM z
(x2 + y 2 )dxdy dz
V

CA

? K

@H K
HM =

XN = JM z @ AJ=E =F J JHEF

K E @H ? A =E CA ? IK AF ? D FK I K A K E @HE ? IK JAJ=C A? @D =@

JDJ= J K A =E IJ= AH = c

= GHDIE

F E

x = cos ,
A HE=

y = sin ,

z = z,

dxdy dz = dddz 0zb

0 2,
6 HM = CHXBAJ=E J H=

0 a,

Iz =
V

(x2 + y 2 )dxdy dz = c ca4 b a4 (2 ) b = 4 2

a =0

3 d

d
=0 z =0

dz

= c

)I DID ! = >HA A D X = J K M E B= AE= ? FK JDJ=? = x2 + y 2 F K FAHE

!'

A B K? z 2 = 3(x2 + y2 ) AFE A AJ=E AJ=N JM AFEF @M

z=0
= KF

ID 0 X = J K I =J ? A =E IKC A JHM
C AJ=E =F J AFEAFAEBX AE

=E z = 3

D IJD AFEBX AE= J K HM = JD? HB ?

K =E IK AF ?

m=
S

(x, y, z )d =
S

(x2 + y 2 )d

2 3 => K A KF OD JE z = 3(x + y ) = = GHDIE F E I K A K E @HE ? IK JAJ=C A? =E =B 3 =E IK AF ? D CM = a J K K = A =E tan a = /z = 3/3 a = /6 = G K A JD F=H= AJH F DID x = cos , y = sin , z = 3, d = = 2 sin a

A HE=

0 2,
6 HM = CHXBAJ=E J H=
3 =0

m=
S

(x2 + y 2 )d = 2

3 d

d = 2
=0

9 2 = 9 4
AMH J=? JE FH >X K A FJAE A =E FH B= ? =?

7F NAEND - = = JE X D F=H=FX M XI DID F HA = K A JD M E AFEBX AE= IJ AF FA@ Oxy 0 FH > F K FH K E ? @ I ? Dxy = J =? 3 -F ID? = G K A JE

d =
=E J HM = = A =E

1+

z x

z y

dxdy = 2dxdy

m =
S

(x + y )d =
Dxy

(x + y ) 1 +

z x

z y

dxdy

=
Dxy

2(x2 + y 2 )dxdy
J=? I IJD = F E IK JAJ=C M @D =@

=E GHDIE

F E

x = cos ,
A HE=

y = sin ,

dxdy = dd 3

0 2,
=J= C K A FX E IJ C MIJ HM =
3

m=2
=0

d
=0

d = 9

)I DID " , AJ=E D IKH XJE D E = x = a cos t y = a sin t z = t a > 0, = /0 A FK JDJ= X =? = z = >HA CE= t (0, 2)
"

=E = A =E

= 6 ID A J K JH K X =? JD? E =? > 6 ? JD? E =? ID /E= FH B= A ? C K? IK AJH =? J JH X =? = >H I AJ=E IJ

zG = 1 m zds,
c

XN = JM z

m=
c

ds

0 X = =J=HG

KF

C AJ=E =F J
2

HM =

m =
c

ds =
t=0

z
2

dx dt

dy dt

dz dt

dt

=
AJ @E JH F = G K A

a2 + 2
t=0

tdt = 2 2

a2 + 2

I =
c

zds =
t=0

zz
2

dx dt

dy dt

dz dt

dt

= 2
6 JH

a2 + 2

8 t2 dt = 2 3 3 t=0

a2 + 2

X =? = A =E IK AF ?

zG =

1 4 I = m 3

)I DID # = KF CEI A D H F =@HX AE=? CA ? IB=EHE A B K? M? FH ? J XN = z = D = J = J K A =E a =E D FK JDJ= J K

0 H F =@HX AE=? J K IB=EHE

ID

B K? M? FH ? J

XN = z @ AJ=E =F J

HM =

Iz =
S

(x2 + y 2 )d
= KF CI K A J HM = GHDIE

F K S D AFEBX AE= J K IB=EHE F E J=? IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C

A B K? A? F K

x = a cos sin ,
6 IJ EGAE @A? A >=@ d IA IB=EHE = G K A IK AF ?

y = a sin sin ,

z = a cos

AFEBX AE= A =E d = a2 sin dd

Iz =
S

(x2 + y 2 )d =
G =0

(a sin )2 a2 sin dd d = a4 4 8 2 = a4 3 3

= a4

sin3 d

2 =0

"

= >X

J=? KF OD JE D X = J K A

B K? = A =E
2

m=
S

d = a2

sin d
=0 =0

d = 4a2

D H F =@HX AE=? Iz = @ AJ=E =F JD IG ID

2 Iz = ma2 3

)I DID $ = KF CEIJA D H F =@HX AE=? CA ? H K E K M? FH ? J XN = y = D FK JDJ= J K A =E D = J = JD? >XID? J K A =E a =E J O ? J K h ID

0 H F =@HX AE=? J K K M? FH ? J XN = y = @ AJ=E =F JD IG ID

Iy =
V

(x2 + z 2 )dxdy dz
DH =J ? = GHDIE F E I K A K E @HE ? IK JA

/E= J KF CEI J K F=H=FX M J=C A? F K A =E

x = cos ,
-FEF =F J=

y = sin ,

z = z,

dxdy dz = dddz

E= JH CM = OAB =E OO C = G K A

z h = a h a
-JIE IK E X = G K A

Iy =
V 2

(x2 + z 2 )dxdy dz =
G a =0 a h z= h a

(2 cos2 + z 2 )dddz dd

=
=0 2

(2 cos2 + z 2 )dz

=
=0 2

1 h h 2 cos2 (h ) + (h3 ( )3 ) d d a 3 a =0 a2 h3 1 a2 h 2 + a4 h cos2 d = (a + 4h2 ) 10 20 20

=
=0

= >X J=? KF OD JE D X = J K F=H=FX M K @ AJ=E =F JD IG ID m = 1/3a2 h D =F @AEND =B AJ=E I= XI DID J JA = G K A

Iy =

3 m(a2 + 4h2 ) 20

)I DID % , @AJ=E D FKH= @= x + y + z 1 x, y, z 0 FK = >HA A J JH X =? JD?

"

JDJ=? = x

7F C K A =HGE X JD X = JD? FKH= @=? D F = A =E = HM = C K E=? FKH= @=? F K M? FH ? J XN = JM z FAHE>X AJ=E =F JE? AFEBX AEA? z = 0 =E z = 1 x y =E D FH > JD? F =? IJ AF FA@ Oxy A =E D JHECM E AFEBX AE= Dxy D F = FAHE H AJ=E =F JE? AK A A? x = 0 y = 0 =E x + y = 1 0 X = JD? FKH= @=? = @ AJ=E IK AF ? =F JD IG ID
z =1xy

ID

m =
V

dV =
V

xdxdy dz =
Dxy 1 1x z =0

xdz dxdy x(1 x y )dy dx

=
Dxy 1

x(1 x y )dxdy =
x=0 y =0

x2 1 1 x( x + )dx = 2 2 24 x=0
JH K X =? IJ XN = JM x = A =E

0 IK EIJ I= J K

xG =

1 m 1 = m
1

xdV =
V

1 m

x2 dxdy dz
V

z =1xy Dxy z =0 1x 2 y =0

x2 dz dxdy =
Dxy 1

x2 (1 x y )dxdy 1 x2 2 x2 ( x + )dx = 2 2 5 x=0

=
x=0

x (1 x y )dy dx =

0 IK EIJ I= J K

JH K X =? IJ

XN = JM y = A =E

yG =

1 m 1 = m
1 x=0

ydV =
V

1 m

yxdxdy dz
V

z =1xy

yxdz dxdy =
Dxy z =0 1x

1 m

yx(1 x y )dxdy
Dxy

=
y =0 1

yx(1 x y )dy dx 1 m 1 x x2 x3 1 x( + )dx = 6 2 2 6 5 x=0

JH K X =? IJ XN = JM z = A =E

0 IK EIJ I= J K

zG =

1 m 1 = m 1 = m
1

zdV =
V

1 m

zxdxdy dz
V

z =1xy

zxdz dxdy
Dxy z =0

1 x (1 x y )2 dxdy Dxy 2
1x y =0 1 x=0

=
x=0

1 x (1 x y )2 dy dx 2

1 m

1 1 1 x( )(x 1)3 dx = 2 3 5
"!

5K AF ? J

JH

X =? GAE IK JAJ=C

6 1 1 , 5, 5) A? G( 15

)I DID & = >HA A J JH J =? a F K =F FJAJ=E =F IB= H=? ID

CM IK AJH =? J JH

X =? J =J ? CM =? A

CA ? IB= H=? = HKB J JH JD?

XN = JM z =E = A =E

X =? = >H I AJ=E FX M IJ

zG =
= KF F K C I K A =HGE X JD

1 m

z dxdy dz
V

X =J KJ

=J ? GHDIE

F E

J=? IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C

A?

x = r cos sin ,
A HE=

y = r sin sin , z = r cos , 0 r a, 0 ,

2

dxdy dz = r2 sin drdd

0 2
a

-JIE = A =E

m =
V

dxdy dz =
=0

d
r=0

r2 dr

sin d
=0

1 2a3 = 2 a3 (1 cos ) = (1 cos ) 3 3

/E= J JH X =? = G K A

zG = =

1 m

z dxdy dz =
V =0

d
r=0

r 3 dr

cos sin d
=0

1 1 sin2 3a sin2 2 a4 = m 4 2 8 1 cos

)I DID ' = >HA AE@ ? A AN IMID

D X = =E D H F =@H= A =?
x2 y 2 z 2 + + =1 4 9 16

CA

?A

AEO

M? FH ? JD =HG JM =N M ID /E= = KF C I K A JD X = =E JD H F =@H= A =? IJ F=H=FX M A AEO AE@ ?

F H A = AB=H = A =E I K A = =JX D AJ=IGD =JEI IA IB=EHE ? IK JAJ= A? F K

x = 2r cos sin , y = 3r sin sin , z = 4r cos , dV = 24r2 sin drdd

A HE=

0 r 1,

0 2,
""

0 X =J KA

AEO AE@

? @ AJ=E =F J F=H= XJM JHEF

HM =

m =
V 1

dxdy dz = 24
G

r2 sin drdd d = 24 1 2 2 = 32 3

= 24
r=0

r2 dr

d
=0 =0

0 H F =@HX AE=? @ AJ=E =F J F=H= XJM

HM =

I =
V

(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )dxdy dz (4r2 sin2 cos2 + 9r2 sin2 sin2

G 2 2 1 =0 2 =0

= 24

+ 16r cos )r2 sin drdd = 24

r=0 2

r4 dr

(4 sin2 cos2 + 9 sin2 sin2

+ 16 cos ) sin dd = 24

1 5

=0 2 =0

2 =0

4 sin3 cos2 dd +

=0

2 =0

9 sin3 sin2 dd

+
=0

16 cos2 sin dd = 928 5

1 = 24 5

16 64 + 12 + 3 3

)I DID  AFJ ? @ I ? CA ? IJ= AH FXG K? k FK JDJ=? = FJAE JD FAHE G J K AFEF @ K Oxy F K H AJ=E =F JE? IG IAE? y = x2 x = y2 = >HA J JH X =? =E D H F =@HX AE=? J K @ I K M? FH ? JD =HG JM =N M ID
= KF C I K A =HGE X JD X = J K @I
1

K F K A =E

m =
Dxy

dxdy =
x=0 y =x2

dy dx =
x=0

x x2 dx

=
= E IK JAJ=C =J=

2 1 3 3
A? J K

3
JH K X =? xG =E yG KF
1 x=0 x

DH

J=E =F

J= F=H= XJM

xG

1 = m = m
1

x dxdy = m Dxy x
x=0

xdy dx
y =x2

x x2 dx =
"#

3 9 = m 20 20

yG

1 = m = 1 m2

y dxdy = m Dxy
1 x=0

1 x=0

y dy dx
y =x2

x x4 dx =

9 3 = 2m 10 20

9 9 5K AF ? J JH X =? GAE IK JAJ=C A? G( 20 , 20 ) > 0 H F =@HX AE=? M? FH ? J ID A O(0, 0) = A =E 1 x=0 x

I =
Dxy 1

(x + y ) dxdy =
y =x2

(x2 + y 2 )dy dx

=
x=0

x3/2 x6 + x5/2 x4 3 3

dx =

6 35

)I DID  = >HA A D z IK EIJ I= J K JH K X =? J K CA ? 2 2 IJAHA F K FAHE = >X AJ=E AJ=N JM AFEB= AE z = x + 3y =E z =
8 x2 y 2
0 FH > J K E C K JM @ AFEB= AE IJ AF FA@ Oxy FH FJAE =F= A B J=? JD AJ=> DJ z =E =KJ F K FH FJAE A =E E= AEOD Dxy A AN IMID x2 +2y 2 = 4 7F C K A =HGE X JD X = J K E C K F K FH FJAE =F J F=H= XJM JHEF HM =
8x2 y 2

ID

m =
V

dxdy dz =
Dxy z =x2 +3y 2

dz

dxdy

=
Dxy

8 2x2 4y 2 dxdy
J=? F E ? IK JA

6 F=H=FX M HM = F HA = KF CEIJA A = GHDIE F E J=C A? JE? F A? H K A M? ANA ? x = 2 cos , y = sin , dxdy = 2dd =E A HE=

0
6 HM = CHXBAJ=E F A

2,

0 2

m =
Dxy

8 2x2 4y 2 dxdy =
2 2 G

4(2 2 ) 2dd

= 4 2

d
=0 =0

(2 2 )d = 4 2 2 1 = 8 2

"$

0 z IK EIJ I= J K

JH K X =? KF

C AJ=E =F J

HM =
8x2 y 2

zG

1 = m = = = = =

zdxdy dz = m

z dz
Dxy z =x2 +3y 2

dxdy

4(4 + y 2 )(4 x2 2y 2 )dxdy 2m Dxy 4(4 + 2 sin2 )(4 22 ) 2dd 2m G 2 4 2 2 (4 + 2 sin2 )(2 2 )d d m =0 =0 2 4 2 8 2 (10 + sin2 )d m =0 15 4 2 8 2 448 28 2 21 = = m 15 5m 5

)I DID 

x + y = 2 2y + x = 4 z 2 + y 2 = 4 x, y, z 0

AMHA IJA J

J K E C K IJ AF FA@ Oxy A =E D AFEBX AE= Dxy D F = H AJ=E =F JE? = F A? x + y = 2 2y + x = 4 =E y = 0 7F C K A =HGE X JD X = J K I =J ? D F = @ AJ=E =F J F=H= XJM JHEF HM =
4y 2

JH K X =? ID 0 FH >

CA ? IJAHA F K H AJ=E =F JE? AFEBX AEA? = >HA A D z IK EIJ I= J K

m =
V

dxdy dz =
Dxy z =0 2 y =0

dz
42y x=2y

dxdy

=
Dxy 2

(4 y 2 )1/2 dxdy =

(4 y 2 )1/2 dx dy

=
y =0

(2 y )(4 y 2 )1/2 dy = 2
JH K X =? KF C AJ=E =F J

8 3
HM =

0 z IK EIJ I= J K

zG 1 = m = = m 2m
V

zdxdy dz = m

4y 2

z dz
Dxy 2 y =0 z =0 42y x=2y

dxdy

Dxy 2 y =0

1 (4 y 2 )dxdy = 2 2m

(4 y 2 )dx dy

(4 y 2 )(2 y )dy =

20 10 10 = = 2m 3 3m 3(2 8 ) 3

"%