You are on page 1of 3

jr0wDpmtkyfwkduftwGuf a=umf+imaqmif;yg;

wavmu etz a&'D,kd jrefrmhtoHrSm =um;vkduf&ygw,f? “tckcsdefup+yD; rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf


&Sifoefxufjrufa&;aw; tpDtpOfrSm a':vm eJ@tzGJ@ oDqkdxm;wJh æoDcsif;eJ@ ajzazsmfygawmhr,f” wJh? etz
qkdwmuawmh awG@wJhtwkdif;ygbJ ætJætJæ=um;wJhtwkdif;ygbJ? wu,fawmh etzajymaewJh rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf
qkdwm wcsdefwkH;u ppftkyfpkvkyfpm;cJhwJh qkd&S,fvpf qkdwmeJ@ waoGrwdrf;ygbJ? uGmwmuawmh t&ifu
qkd&S,fvpf wm[m jynfolvlxkawGeJ@ EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkwcsKd@ukdvdrfzkd@ vkyfcJhwmjzpf+yD;/ tpykdif;rSm tawmfav;
atmifatmifjrifjrif vdrfEkdifcJhaomfvnf; tck rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf &Sifoefxufjruf wmuawmh jynfolvlxkawG/
EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkawGukd b,fvkdrSrvdrfEdkifawmhbJ ol@ppfwyfukdom vdrf+yD;ckdif;Ekdifzkd@ t"duvkyfae&&Smygw,f?
“ckd;csifvkdufwmuvnf; jymvkd@/ aES;vkdufwmuvnf; csmvkd@” qkdwJhpum;[m etzukd
&nf&G,fxm;ovm; atmufarh&ygw,f? 'Dae&mrSm rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf &Sifoefxufjrufa&; twGufqkd+yD; etz&J@
jr0wDpmtkyfwkduf uxkwfwJh “jrefrmjynfom;” 0wÎKpmtkyfukd axmufjyyg&ap? q&m&efukefbaqG a&;cJhwJh
'D0wÎK}uD;[m jrefrmpmaye,frSm *E<0ifajrmufvuf&mwck qkdwm b,folrSrjiif;Ekdifyg? q&m&efukefbaqG[m
'D0wÎKa&;&mrSm tifrwef@ukd tyifyef;cH tcsut f vufawG pkaqmif;&SmrSD;+yD;rS a&;cJhwmjzpfygw,f? 'Dvkd}udK;pm;
yrf;pm; a&;xm;+yD;wJhpmrl[m ykHrESdyfcifrSm ta=umif;a=umif;a=umifh vkH;0aysmufqkH;oGm;cJhw,f? 'gayrJh
&efukefbaqG[m pdwf"mwfrus? vufrav#mhbJ tptqkH; aemufw}udrfjyefa&;cJhw,f? 'Davmuftxd cufcuf
cJcJ tyifyef;cHa&;cJh&wJh 'D0wÎK[m etzxifovkd rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwfwufºuGa&;ukd cyfwkH;wkH;a&;xm;wm r[kwfbl;
qkdwm 'D0wÎKukd aocsmzwf=unfhzl;olwkdif; &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;odEkdifygw,f?
“jrefrmjynfom;” 0wÎKuay;wJh rufaqh*sf (Message) uawmh tm%m&Sifpepfqefhusifa&;eJ@
'Drkdua&pDpepfxGef;um;a&; tajccHay:u rsKd;cspfpdwfjzpf+yD; w+ydKifeufwnf;rSm ppf0g'qef@usifa&;ukdyg wifxm;
wmawG@&w,f? usL;ausmfol w±kwfe,fcsJ@awGukd &Gyf&Gyfc|Hc|H wkdufckdufatmifjrifcJhwJh jrefrmppfonfawG[m
tm%m&Sifppf0g'Dbk&if&J@ rw&m;tjypfay;jcif;ukdom cHcJh&w,f? trsm;jynfolukd ukd,fpm;rjyKwJh tm%m&Sif
bk&if[m rdrdwOD;wnf;&J@ tjrifwkdawmif;usOf;ajrmif;r_twkdif;bJ EkdifiHukd pDrHtkyfcsKyfcJhvkd@ aumif;jrwfwkd@/ pHvS
wkd@vkd rsKd;cspfjynfcspfawG[m cg;oD;emusnf; &ifemp&mtjzpfeJ@ =uHKcJh&w,f? e,fcsJ@w±kwfawGukd ckcHwGef;vSefcJhwJh
jrefrmjynfom;ppfonfawG[m ppf0g'Dtm%m&SiftusKd;twGuf r%dyl&uonf;jynf&J@ trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;
v_yf&Sm;r_ukd ESdrfeif;acsr_ef;+yD; r%dyl&jynfukd e,fcsJ@odrf;ykdufay;cJh&w,f? eif;jym;jynfolawG&J@ tusKd;pD;yGm;awG/
tjrifus,fwJh ynm&Sd rª;}uD;rwf}uD;awGeJ@ wyfrª;awG&J@ oabmxm;awGukd vkH;vkH;ypfy,f+yD; igwaumaumwJh
oufOD;qHykdifbk&if tm%m&Sifpepfukd &efukefbaqGo±kyfazmfxm;ykH[m 'Duae@ppftkyfpkukd &nf&G,f+yD; a&;xm;
ovm; atmufarh&ygw,f? w±kwfjynfwjynfvkH;ukd odrf;zkd@txdawmifpOf;pm;wJh jrefrmppf0g'Dtm%m&Sif
bk&if&J@ OD;aESmuf[m etz&J@ acgif;eJ@ruGmvSygbl;?
&efukefbaqG[m ae0if;tm%modrf;+yD;pu ppftm%m&Sifpepfukd qefhusif±_wfcsxm;wJh “a&G0gjynf”
0wÎK a&;om;xkwfa0cJh&mrSm pmaypDppfa&;bkwftzGJ@ ray:cifjzpfvkd@ pmtkyftjzpf xGufoGm;cJhayrJh xGuf+yD;+yD;csif;
ppftkyfpku pmtkyfqkdifawGay:u 'D0wÎKpmtkyfawG vkdufodrf;wm cHcJh&w,f? ol@0wÎKawGrSm wukd,fawmf
ol&Jaumif;0g'ukd t"dutom;ay; tr$ef;wifavh&SdayrJh wukd,fawmftm%m&Sifpepfbufu &yfwnf+yD;a&;wm
rsKd;awmh b,fwkH;urS r&SdcJhygbl;? ukd,fpm;jyK'Drkdua&pD rusifhokH;&if “jrefrmjynfom;” 0wÎKxJuvkdbJ wu,fh
rsKd;cspfjynfcspfawG&J@b0[m &ifemp&meJ@ rcHcsifp&mcsnf;bJ jzpfr,fqkdwm &efukefbaqGu u|rf;usifykdifEkdifpGm
a&;zGJ@oGm;ygw,f? ppf0g'&J@qkd;usKd;awGukdvnf; &efukefbaqGu &Srf;jynfa&muf Armppfom;awG&J@ tajctae
awGukd a&;zGJ@&if; azmfjyoGm;cJhw,f? a&S;acwfuppf0g'Dppfwyf[m tckacwfppf0g'DppfwyfvkdbJ
wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pk awGtay: vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufykHukd jyoGm;EkdifcJhw,f?
'gayrJh etzppftkyfpk&J@ tlcsufuawmh 'D0wÎKukd olwkd@tusKd;twGuf vkyfpm;vkd@&rJht&mtjzpf rSwf,lae
jcif;ygbJ? pmtkyfukd a&a&&m&mrzwfwm/ 'grSr[kwf oabmraygufbJ jzef@csDay;vkdufwm[m olwkd@ukdbJ
jyefxdaeygawmhw,f? pma&;q&mwykdif; etzppfAkdvf 'kAkdvfrª;}uD;tqifh&Sd cspfEkdif (pdwfynm) ubJ wjcm;pma&;
q&mtrsm;pkvkd 'Drkdua&pDvkdvm;pdwf0if+yD; ynmygygeJ@ vkyfv$wfvkdufwmukd etzxdyfoD;awG rtlrvnfeJ@
cHvkduf&wmvnf; jzpfEkdifygw,f?
'ga=umifh jr0wDwkdufuae jyefxkwfwJh wjcm;pmtkyfwcsKd@rSmvnf; 'DoabmawG awG@ae&ygw,f?
q&m}uD;Ekdifyef;vS&J@ “&mZm"d&mZfta&;awmfykH” usrf;}uD;[m ya'o&mZftm%m&SifawG&J@ ukd,fusKd; wefckd;
=oZmtwGuf eif;jym;jynfolawG toufpGef@& tkd;tdrfypPnf;awGqkH;&eJ@ tm%m&Sifpepfatmufu jynfolawG&J@
vlaerlb0 t"dy`m,fuif;rJhykH/ tmrcHcsufr&SdykHawGukd uGufuGufuGif;uGif;a&;zGJ@xm;ygw,f? tm%m&Sifppf0g'D rGef
eJ@ jrefrmbk&ifawGtwGuf rGef-jrefrm omrefjynfolvlxkawG&J@ touftkd;tdrfpnf;pdrfawGukd zuf&GufavmufbJ
oabmxm;+yD; bk&ifhbkef;wefckd;&Sdef0g wkd;wuf}uD;xGm;a&;ukdom acgif;xJxnfh=uw,f? 'DtwGufol&Jaumif;
qkdwJhemrnfeJ@ ppftkyfpkawG t+ydKifarG;cJh=uw,f? ppfwkduf&vkd@ v,form;awG v,f,mrvkyf&wm/ pkdufysKd;a&;
awG ysupf ;D wm ol@w@dk rpOf;pm;? ao=ua=u=uvk@d v,f,mxkwfvkyfolawGavsmhenf;wm olwkd@twGuf ta&;
r}uD;? tcsdefwef&if jynfolvlxkukd qufa=u;aumuf/ ppfom;aumuf/ ac|;wyfqGJeJ@ oufOD;qHykdiftm%m&Sif
ppf0g'Dbk&ifawG pnf;pdrfjrJa&;ukdom vkyf=uw,f? tm%mwnfjrJa&;twGufqkd ukd,fhom;t&if;awmif owfzkd@/
paw;zkd@vnf; 0efrav;=uwmukd tifrwefatmhESvkH;emp&m awG@&ygw,f?
“&mZm"d&mZfta&;awmfykH” rSm bmrSt"dy`m,fr&SdbJ vl@toufawG tv[\qkH;±_H;cH ppfwkduf=uwm
ukd zwf&wm &ifemp&mjzpfovkd tm%m&SifawGukd &$H&Smpdwfvnf; wzGm;zGm;ay:vmrdygw,f? jynfoltrsm;pk
qENeJ@tkyfcsKyfwJh 'Drkdua&pDpepf ray:aygufoa&G@ vl@tcGifhta&;awG qkH;±_H;aerSmjzpfw,fqkdwmukd rl&if;usrf;jyKol
a&S;acwfurGefynm&SdawGeJ@ ,ckacwfu q&mEkdifyef;vSwkd@u tajrmftjrif}uD;pGmeJ@ yg;yg;eyfeyfwifjyoGm;w,fvkd@
pmzwfolwa,muftaeeJ@ em;vnfcHpm;rdvkdufygw,f? aemufxyfod&wmwcku 'Duae@ “jrefrmEkdifiH” vkd@ajym
aewJh ta&S@awmiftm&Sua'owck[m wcsdefu b,fvkdrS wEkdifiHxJr[kwfbJ txufArmjynfeJ@bJqkdifwJh
tif;0 jrefrmEkdifiHeJ@ oD;jcm;tcsKyftjcmtm%mykdif [Hom0wD rGefEkdifiH/ oD;jcm;tcsKyftjcmtm%mykdif "n0wD
&ckdifEkdifiHwkd@ twl&SdaecJh=uwJh tm&Sa'owckjzpfw,fqkdwm ckdifckdifrmrmodvkduf&w,f? etz pmoifausmif;awG
rSm/ etzowif;pmeJ@ pmtkyfawGxJrSm ajymovkdr[kwfbJ ya'o&mZfacwfu ArmeJ@rGef/ ArmeJ@&ckdif/rGefeJ@&ckdifwkd@
taetxm;awG[m uae@acwf jrefrmEkdifiHeJ@ xkdif;EkdifiH/ jrefrmEkdifiHeJ@ tdENd,EkdifiH/ w±kwf/ b*Fvm;a'h&Sf/
rav;&Sm;pwJh tdrfeD;csif;wkdif;jynfawG qufqHa&;vkd EkdifiHwumqufqHa&;rsKd;jzpfw,fqkdwm b,folrS
rjiif;Ekdifatmif tckdiftrmrSwfwrf;wifxm;wm}uD; jr0wDpmtkyfwkdufu jzef@ay;vkdufvkd@ orkdif;rSefrod&olawG
twGuf jr0wDwkdufukd tifrwefaus;Zl;wifp&myg?
q&mndKjr&J@ “ukef;abmif&SmykHawmf” pmtkyfrSmvnf; 'DyHkpH awG@&ygw,f? jynfolvlxkeJ@ uif;uGm+yD;
pdwf±l;aygufovkdvkyfae=uwJh ya'o&mZftm%m&SifawGta=umif;zwf&wm etzar#mfrSef;wJh taumiftxnfrJh
pdwWZ rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwfawG &SifoefxufjrufrvmbJ jynfolvx l ktusKd;wu,fjyKrJh 'Drkdua&pDxlaxmifcsifpdwf
awGom ykd&Sifoefxufjrufvmygw,f? wu,fppfrSefwJhrsKd;cspfpdwfqkdwm ukd,fhwkdif;jynfukd,fhvlrsKd;tusKd;&Sdzkd@
'Drkdua&pDxlaxmifa&;qkdwJh taumiftxnf&dS rsKd;cspfpdwfbJ jzpf+yD; tckajymcJhwJhpmtkyfawG[m 'DvkdrsKd;cspfpdwfukd
tm;ay;aeygw,f?
jr0wDwkdufuae rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf&Sifoefxufjrufzkd@qkd+yD; xkwfvkdufwJh “rSefeef;&mZ0ifawmf}uD;” qkd&if
vnf; etzxdyfoD;awG&J@ zifrSef;rod acgif;rSef;rodtjzpfukd jyoaeygw,f?20 &mpkuetzawG tr$ef;wifaewJh
taemf&xm/ bk&ifhaemif/ tavmif;bk&m; pwmawG[m &ufpufr_awG/ vl@tcGifhta&;azmufzsufr_awG/
tpkvkduf tjyHKvkdufvlowfyGJawG usL;vGefcJhwJhta=umif; 19 &mpkuorkdif;q&mawGu a&;jyxm;vkd@ etz&J@
rsKd;cspfpdwf "mwf&Sifoefa&;[m cg;awmif;usdKufwjcm;/ zifwjcm;jzpfoGm;&Smawmhw,f?
aemufOyrmwck xyfjy&&ifawmh q&mwuUokdvfbkef;Ekdif&J@ “ol@u|efrcH+yD” 0wÎKygbJ?
q&mbkef;Ekdif&J@tqkdt& 'D0wÎKukda&;cJhwm[m 1958 cku tm%m&zqyvtzGJ@}uD;twGif; rnDr!Gwfjzpf+yD;
wkdif;jynf'kuQa&mufrJhtajctae qkdufaevkd@ ya'o&mZfacwfArmjynf&J@ aemufqkH;umvawGrSm nD!Gwfa&;
+ydKuGJ+yD; EkdifiHqkH;cJhwm oifcef;pm,lEkdifatmifa&;w,fvkd@qkdygw,f? q&mbkef;Ekdif[m tJ'DvkdrnDr!Gwf&Sd=uwJh
tm%m&tusifhysufEkdifiHa&;orm;awGtpm; ppfrdef@eJ@ ‘nD!Gwf’atmifvkyfxm;wJh ppfwyftkyfcsKyfa&;ukd oabm
usaxmufcHcJhygw,f? ol[m 1958 tdrfapmifhtpkd;& emrnfcH+yD; ppftm%modrf;wmukd axmufcHcJh±kHru 1962 ck
ppfwyftm%modrf;wmukdvnf; tpykdif;rSmaxmufcHcJhygw,f? 'gayrJh 1970 ckESpfawGtqkH;ykdif;avmufrSmawmh
ppftm%m&Sifpepf qkd;wm[m 'Drkdua&pDpepfatmufu EkdifiHa&;orm;awGqkd;wmxuf tykH}uD;ykdw,fqkdwm
aumif;aumif;oabmayguf vufcHvmcJhw,f? 'ga=umifh 8 av;vkH;ta&;awmfykHrSm ppftm%m&Sifpepf
qef@usifa&; jynfol@buf ygvmcJhvkd@ e0wtm%modrf;awmh yifpifay;cHvkduf&ygw,f? 'DvkdtajctaerSm
rD;&xm;0ef}uD;tqifh&Sd 0if;pdefu ol@ukd,fol pmaytEkynm vkdufpm;tm;ay;ol}uD; ykHzrf;vdk@ pmaye,fukd
pnf;±kH;nm0g;wJhtcg q&mbkef;Ekdif[m 0if;pdefukdjyeftokH;cs+yD; “ol@u|efrcH+yD” ±kyf&Sif±kduf&mrSm trsm;jynfol@
tcGifhta&;eJ@ 'Drkdua&pDukd tajcrcHwJh ya'o&mZftm%m&SifawG&J@ azmufjyefrSm;,Gif;r_awGukd
tom;ay;±kduful; atmif ynmygygeJ@ yg;yg;av;vkyfoGm;EkdifcJhygw,f? tm%m&SifawGu jynfolvlxkeJ@
wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkawGtay: ESdyfpufwmawGukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; ±kdufjyEkdifcJhw,f? 'DvkdeJ@e0w&J@
“rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf &Sifoefxufjrufa&;” ±kyf&Sif[m tm%m&SifpepfukdzGifhcs+yD; 'Drkdua&pDpepfbufu axmufcHwJh
±kyf&Sifum;jzpfoGm;wm e0wawG rodvkdufbJ cHvkduf&+yD; tu,f'rDawGawmif av#mufay;vkdufygao;w,f?
“jrif;pD;+yD;txD;rSef; trrSef;rod” vkd@ jrefrmpum;ykHwcku qkdxm;ayrJh etztjzpfu 'Dhxufukd
ykdqkd;0g;vSygw,f? olwkd@[m txD;rSef; trrSef;rod±kHwifru ukd,fpD;aewm jrif;r[kwfbJ vm;jzpfaerSef;awmif
rodwJhtajcqdkufaewm pdwfysufp&maumif;avmufatmif jrifawG@ae&ygw,fAsm?

*gr%d

You might also like