You are on page 1of 3

vef'efa&muf umrDumaZ

2001 ck pufwifbm 11 &ufae@rSm t,fvfudkif'gtzGJ@0if 19 a,muf[m av,Ofav;pif;udk tydkifpD;+yD;aemuf urBmh


ukefoG,fa&;A[kdeJ@ yifw*GefppfXmecsKyfudk tJ'Dav,OfawGeJ@ olwdk@udk,fwdkiftaocH+yD; 0ifwdkufcJh=uw,f? tJ'g[m
taocHt=urf;zufr_&J@ txif&Sm;tay:vGifqHk;wdkufuGuf jzpfoGm;cJhw,f? wu,fawmh taocHwdkufcdkufr_awG[m
pufwifbm 11 rwdkifcifuwnf;u urBmrSm ay:aecJhyg+yD? oD&dvuFmeJ@ vufbEGefEdkifiHawGrSm 1980 ckESpfrsm;uwnf;u
taocHwdkufcdkufr_awG &SdcJhwmjzpfw,f? 'Dxufapmapmudk jyef=unfh&ifawmh 'kwd,urBmppfwHk;u *syefEdkifiHu
“umrDumaZ” vdk@ac:wJh avol&JawG[m tar&duefppfoabFmawGay:udk rdrdwdk@armif;vmwJhav,OfawGeJ@ xdk;pdkufcs+yD;
taocHwdkufcdkufwmawG vkyfcJhzl;w,f? 'gayrJh a,bk,sajym&&ifawmh 9§11 aemufydkif;rSmrS taocHwdkufcdkufa&;awG
ydkacwfpm;vmwmjzpfygw,f?
wu,fuawmh a&S;&mZ0ifawGrSmygwJh bk&ifawG AdkvfcsKyfawGudk wdkufcdkufvkyf=uHr_awG[m
teD;uyfvkyf=uH&oltwGuf vGwfvrf;rvG,f aozdk@rsm;vdk@ taocHwdkufcdkufr_trsdK;tpm;xJ tusHK;0ifygw,f?
'Dvdkacwfa[mif;taocHwdkufcdkufr_uae acwfopftaocHwdkufcdkufr_udk ul;ajymif;oGm;wJhtvSnhftajymif;uawmh 1983
atmufwdkbmvu vufbEGefEdkifiHrSm tpPvrfrpf*sD['ftzGJ@u AHk;tjynfhwifxm;wJh ukefwifum;}uD;eJ@
tar&duefr&def;wyf pcef;csxm;wJh av;xyfwdkuf}uD;udk taocH0ifwdkufvdk@ tar&duefppfom; 241 a,muf
wb&dwfwnf; usqHk;oGm;cJhwJh jzpf&yfjzpfygw,f? t&ifwHk;u AHk;cGJvkyf=uHr_awGudk ol&Jabma=umifwJhvkyf&yfvdk@
cH&olbufu wHqdyfuyfwmawG[m taocHAHk;cGJr_awG ay:vmwJhtcg wdwfoGm;awmhw,f? tJ'Dtpm;
pdwf±l;aygufolawG&J@ tqifjcifrJh rdkuf±l;&Jvkyf&yfawGtjzpfyJ orkwfawmhw,f?
'Dae@umvrSm taocHwdkufcdkufr_udk bmoma&;tpGef;a&mufrGwfpvifawGeJ@ wGJjrif=uayrJh bmoma&;tpGef;a&muf
r[kwfwJh [dENLbmom0ifwrD;vfusm;awGu ppfqifa&;enf;vrf;wcktjzpf pGrf;pGrf;wrHeJ@ us,fus,fjyef@jyef@ pwifusifhoHk;
aqmif&GufcJh=uwmjzpfw,f? [dENLbmom0ifawGjzpfayrJh bmoma&;udktajcrcHbJ trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;udkom
tajccHwJh wrD;vfusm; awmfvSeaf &;tzG@J [m 1980 ckEpS rf sm;taESmif;ydkif;up+yD; typftcwf&yfpJa&;vkyfwJh 2002 cktxd
taocHwdkufcdkufr_awG woD}uD;vkyfcJhw,f? wrD;vfusm;awG&J@ taocHwdkufcdkufr_awG[m rdrdxuf vltiftm;
vufeuftiftm;ydk}uD;wJh &efoleJ@&ifqdkif&mrSm bufrnDwmudk bufr#atmifvyk fz@kd taotcsmpOf;pm;wGucf suf+yD;rS
r[mAsL[musus odk@r[kwf enf;AsL[musus aqmif&Gufwmjzpfw,fvdk@ avhvmolrsm;u oHk;oyf=uw,f? 'ghtjyif
ppfajrjyifeJ@tvSrf;a0;wJh &efol@aemufwef;udk ppf&J@tedÏm±HkawG a&mufoGm;atmifeJ@ rvHkrjcHKpdwfay:atmif
vkyfwmjzpfw,fvdk@vnf; ,lq=uw,f?
wrD;vfawG[m taocHwdkufcdkufr_awGvyk fzdk@ “usm;euf” vdk@ac:wJh txl;vufa&G;pifwyfzGJ@udk zGJ@pnf;xm;w,f?
'DtzGJ@[m tqifhjrifhppfoifwef;udk jyif;jyif;xefxefavhusifh&w,f? “ppfqifa&;” rxGufcifrSm wrD;vfawG
tifrwefav;pm;=unfndKvSwJh acgif;aqmif}uD; bJvl;yDav;y&mbmc&ef eJ@twl npmpm;cGifh "gwfyHkwGJ±dkufcGifh&w,f?
usm;eufawGwifrubJ wrD;vfusm;tm;vHk;[m &efol@tzrf;cH&wJhtcg udk,fhudk,fudk,ftqHk;pD&ifzdk@ qdkif,mEdkuf
tqdyfaq;ygwJh =uKwfuav;awG vnfyif;rSm qGJ}udK;vkyfqGJxm;w,f?
wrD;vfusm;awG&J@ yxrqHk;taocHwdkufcdkufr_udk 1987 rSm vkyfcJhw,f? 'Dwdkufcdkufr_rSm wrD;vfusm;
wyfcGJrSL;wa,muf[m tpdk;&wyfpcef;xJ0if+yD; taocHazmufcGJypfvdkufwm tpdk;&ppfom; 40 wb&dwfwnf;
usoGm;w,f? wrD;vfusm;ajymcGifh&yk*~dKvfu taocHwdkufcdkufr_awG[m ppfbufypfrSwfawGudkyJ
tav;xm;w,fvdk@qdkayrJh EdkifiHa&;eJ@ pD;yGm;a&;ypfrSwfawGudkvnf; taocHwdkufwmawGvkyfvdk@
t&yfom;&maygif;rsm;pGmvnf; toufqHk;cJhw,f?
1991 arvrSm wrD;vfusm;trsdK;orD;wa,mufu tdENd,0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif; &m*spf*E<Dudk taocHAHk;cGJvkyf=uHcJhw,f?
1993 arvrSm oD&dvuFm0ef}uD;csKyf y&drR'\ udkvnf; taocHAHk;cGJvkyf=uHEdkifcJhw,f? 1999 'DZifbmrSm oD&dvuFm&J@
trsdK;orD;orw csef'&DumukrRm&wGef*g udk taocHAHk;cGJvkyf=uH&mrSmawmh ratmifjrifbJ orwrsufvHk;wzufom
xGufoGm;cJhw,f? 1996 ZEM0g&Dv udkvrfbdk+rdK@awmfu A[dkb%fudk taocHAHk;cGJ&mrSm t&yfom; 100 avmufaocJhw,f?
2001 ck Zlvdkifv udkvrfbdkEdkifiHwumavqdyfudk wrD;vfusm;wyfpkwpkvHk; taocHwdkufcdkuf&mrSm t&yfom;awG aoqHk;r_
r&SdcJhbJ '%f&mavmufom&cJhayrJh tpdk;&ydkift&yfbufava=umif;ydk@aqmifa&;av,Of 6 pD; (ava=umif;vdkif;wckvHk;&J@
xuf0uf) eJ@ ppfav,Of 8 pD; vHk;0ysufpD;oGm;w,f? pkpkaygif; 28 pD;xdcdkufcJhw,f?

1
taocHwdkufcdkufr_vkyfwJh wjcm;tiftm;pkwckuawmh tpPvrftpGef;a&mufawGjzpf+yD; ygvufpwkdif;u [m;rmpf eJ@
tpPvrRpf*sD['ftzGJ@/ vufbEGefu [ZfblvmtzGJ@/ td*spfEkid fiHu rlqvifnDtudkawmfrsm;tzGJ@/ ±k&Sm;EdkifiH
csufcseD,molykeftzGJ@eJ@ aqmf'Dtma&As-tmz*efepPwef-ygupPweftajcpdkuf t,fudkif'gtzGJ@wdk@jzpf=u+yD; ta&S@awmif
tm&SrlqvifawGuawmh AHk;cGJwJhtcgawGrSm taocHazmufcGJwmrsdK; vkyfavhodwfr&Sd=uao;ygbl;? 'gayrJh tZ…a&;
axmufvSrf;a&;udk,fYu 1981 rSm tD&efygvDrefudk taocHAHk;cGJ+yD; tD&eforw/ 0ef}uD;csKyfeJ@ tpdk;&tzGJ@0ifawG/
v$wfawmftrwfawG w&mausmfavmufudk vkyf=uHcJhw,fvdk@ owif;xGufwmvnf;&Sdw,f? tcktrsm;qHk; taocH
wdkufckdufr_vkyfaewJh tD&wfawmfvSefa&;!Gef@aygif;uawmh tpPvrftpGef;a&mufawGomru omreftpPvrfbmom0if
trsdK;om;0g'DawGvnf;yg0if=uw,f? 'gayrJh 0g&Sifweftajcpdkuf &ef;'faumfydka&;&Sif;okawoetzGJ@u t=urf;zuf0g'
avhvmol b±kpfa[mhzrif; ajymwmuawmh urBmrSm taocHt=urf;zufr_ usifhoHk;wJhtzGJ@ 35 zGJ@&Sd+yD; 'DxJrSm 31 zGJ@u
tpPvrfjzpfw,fvdk@qdkygw,f?
wrD;vfusm;awG&J@ taocHwdkufcdkufr_awG[m oD&dvuFmtpdk;&udk aphpyfaqG;aEG;a&;pm;yGJqDa&mufatmif
wGef;tm;ay;EdkifcJhw,fvdk@ wcsdK@uoHk;oyf=uovdk r&def;wyfbm;wdkufudk taocHAHk;cGJypfvdk@ tifrwefaxmifv$m;wJh
tar&dueforw&D*if[m vufbEGefu tar&duefwyfawGudk 'a&maomyg; ±kyfodrf;oGm;cJh&w,fvdk@vnf; ajym=uw,f?
urBmrSm jzpfcJhor# taocHwdkufcdkufr_pkpkaygif;&J@ av;yHkoHk;yHk[m 9§11 udpP+yD;wJhaemufrSm ay:cJhwmjzpf+yD;
t,fvfudkif'g&J@vkyf&yfu wjcm;t=urf;zuform;awGudk tm;ustwk,lvdkpdwfawG jzpfatmif wGef;tm;ay;cJhwm
b,folrSrjiif;Edkifygbl;? avmavmq,frSmawmh taocHwdkufcdkufr_ trsm;qHk;jzpfwJhEdkifiH[m tD&wfjzpfaeyg+yD?
tD&wfEdkifiHrSm arvwvwnf; taocH AHk;cGJr_ 90 jzpfcJhwm[m tZ…a&;-ygvufpwdkif;rSm 1993 uae 2005 txd
jzpfcJhwJh taocHAHk;cGJr_ta&twGufeJ@ wlnDaew,f? vef'efvdk+rdK@}uD;rSm taocHAHk;cGJvdkufwm[m urBmrSm/ txl;ojzifh
taemufwdkif;rSm tifrwef*,uf±dkufoGm;ayrJh wu,fawmh tar&duefusL;ausmfr_ pwifwJh 2003 {+yD upwGuf&if
tD&wfrSm taocHwdkufcdkufr_ 400 ausmfjzpf+yD;aeyg+yD? t&ifuqdk taocHwdkufckdufr_trsm;qHk;[m oD&dvuFmjzpfchJw,f?
aemufydkif;rSm ygvufpwdkif;[m taocHwdkufcdkufr_ txGef;um;qHk;a'o jzpfvmw,f? tckaemufqHk;awmh tD&wf[m
taocHt=urf;zuform;wdk@ tHkvdkufusif;vdkuf taygufzGm;qHk;a'o jzpfaeyg+yD?
1980 uae 2003 txdumvtwGif; wurBmvHk;rSm taocHwdkufcdkufr_aygif; 315 ckjzpfcJhwJhtxJrSm
oD&dvuFmwrD;vfusm;awGu 76 }udrf/ ygvufpwdkif;[m;rmhpftzGJ@u 54 }udrf/ ygvufpwdkif;tpPvrfrpf*sD['ftzGJ@u 27
}udrfeJ@ ±k&Sm;csufcseD,molyek fawGu 19 }udrfvkyfcJhw,f? t,fvfudkif'guawmh emr,f}uD;ayrJh taocHwdkufcdkufr_ t}udrf
20 avmufyJ vkyfxm;ao;w,f? odk@aomf 'DtxJrSm tjypfrJht&yfom; 3000 ausmfaocJh&wJh/ &mZ0ifwGifoGm;wJh 9§11
wdkufcdkufr_ygw,f?
wrD;vfusm;awG/ ygvufpwkdif;awGeJ@ t,fudkif'gawGtwGufawmh taocHwdkufckdufolawG[m tifrwef
*k%fa&mifajymifwJh tmZmenfawGtjzpf tzGJ@tpnf;acgif;aqmifawGu t}uD;tus,fcsD;ajr‡mufovdk vlxkxJrSmvnf;
tifrwefav;pm;*k%fjyK=uw,f? ygvufpwkdif;rSmqdk&if taocHAHk;cGJr_wck jzpf+yD;wmeJ@ wc%twGif; AHk;cGJol&J@udk,fa&;
twˆKy`wWd*k%fyk'fawG[m ygvufpwdki;f jynfolawG=um;xJ jyef@oGm;+yD; ae@csif;ncsif;ol&Jaumif;tmZmenfawG
jzpfoGm;w,f? taocHAHk;cGJorm;&J@ rdom;pk[mvnf; t}uD;tus,*f k%fwufoGm;+yD; vlwumav;pm; ±dkaowmcH&w,f?
*k%fjyKr_[m bmoma&;t&wifrubJ trsdK;om;a&;eJ@ yk*~dKvfa&;t&ygjzpfw,f? wjcm;tm&yfEdkifiHtpdk;&awGeJ@
tm&yftif*sDtdkawGuvnf; taocHwdkufcdkufa&;orm;&J@ usef&pfolrdom;pkudk 0dkif;0ef;axmufyHh=unfh±_ay;=uwJhtwGuf
tZ…a&;tpdk;&u usef&pfolrdom;pk&J@aetdrfudkyg bl'dkZmeJ@ +zdKypf+yD; pdwf"mwfrwufatmifvkyf vufpm;acsavh&Sdw,f?
taocHAHk;cGJolwdkif; bmoma&;tpGef;a&mufr[kwfwmudkawmh wuUodkvfbGJ@& ygvufpwdkif;trsdK;orD;i,fawG
udk,fwdkif taocHAHk;cGJwmrsdK;u oufaojyaeovdk tD&wfEdkifiHu taocHt=urf;zuform;wdkif;uvnf; bmoma&;
tajccH0g'Dr[kwfbl;vdk@ &SDum*dkwuUodkvf EdkifiHa&;ody`HygarmuQ a&mbwfydyf u tuJjzwfw,f? t,fvfudkif'gawmifrS
taocHt=urf;zufr_awGudk bmoma&;tpGef;a&muform;awG tajccHtoHk;cs+yD; acgif;aqmifydkif;u r[mAsL[musus
pOf;pm;aqmif&Gufwm jzpfw,fvdk@ ydyfuqdkw,f?
taocHAHk;cGJwJhtcg ajy;vrf;udk pOf;pm;xm;p&mrvdkovdk AHk;awGuvnf; aemufaz;rD;zdkacsmifrSmwif vkyfvdk@&+yD;
udk,fay:rSm yHkpHenf;enf;ajymif;xm;wJh a0hpfukwf odk@r[kwf cg;ywfeJ@ywf,loGm;vdk@&wm 'grSr[kwf ausmydk;tdwfxJ
xnfho,fwmrsdK; vkyfEdkifvdk@ pdwf"mwfjyif;xefwJh rlqviftpGef;a&mufawGeJ@ trsdK;om;a&;0g'DawG=um;rSm acwfpm;vm
wmjzpfw,f? ydk+yD;yrm% }uD;}uD;cGJcsif&ifawmh um;ay:AHk;rsm;rsm;wifoGm;+yD; armif;olygyg wpD;vHk;azmufcGJypfwm

2
vkyf=uw,f? 9§11 rSmqdk&if bmAHk;rSawmifrygbJ av,OfqDawG avmifu|rf;aygufuGJapwJhenf;eJ@ cswmjzpfw,f? WMD
vdk@ac:wJh tpkvdkuftjyHKvdkuf aoa=uysufpD;apwJh vufeufawGuvGJ&if taocHwdkufcdkufr_[m txda&mufqHk;
wdkufcdkufenf;jzpfw,fvdk@ t=urf;zuf0g'okawoD b±kpfa[mhzfrif;uoHk;oyfw,f? 'Dvdkwdkufcdkufr_rsdK;udk &mE_ef;jynfh
umuG,fwm;qD;Edkifzdk@ rjzpfEdkifavmufatmifyJvdk@ oluqdkw,f? tar&duef&J@ wwd,vd_if;ppfenf;ynmwckjzpfwJh
txl;wdusxdrSefvufeufawGudk/ vludk,fwdkifoGm;vmarmif;ESif+yD; ypfrSwfudkwdwdususwdkufwJh taocHwdkufcdkufenf;u
xdxda&mufa&mufwkef@jyefEdkifw,fvdk@ tD&wfa&muf tar&duefppfbufajyma&;qdkcGifh&Sdol avwyfAdkvfrSL;csKyf a':e,f
t,fvfpwefu +iD;&Smw,f?
“udk,fhtoufudkpGef@zdk@ ydkif;jzwfcsuf&Sdxm;+yD;&if AHk;tjynfhwifxm;wJh um;wpD;udk vltkyfxJarmif;oGif;&wm
bmrSrcufawmhbl;” vdk@ t,fvfpwefaumufcsufcswm rrSm;yg?

&nf!¸ef;? 2005/ Zlvdkif 17 xkwf 0g&Sifwefydk@pf owif;pmrS Dan Eggen eJ@ Scott Wilson wd@k .aqmif;yg;?
*gr%d

You might also like