wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf?

pmapmif
2010 ckESpf/ Zlvdkif (15) &uf? trSwfpOf (119)

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) rS xkwfa0jzef‹csdonf? 1

 carmufwHqdyf uefŒuGufolrsm; aESmifh,SufcH&
Irrawaddy, July 5, 2010
trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDt ift m;pk wGif oGm;a&muf uef@uGufcJhygw,f?NLD onf
(NDF)u carmufwHqdyf toHk;ðyjcif;ESifh ywf rlvu =u,fwvkH;ESifh cGyfa'gif;ykHukd tvHESifh
oufI aejynfawmfodk@ w&m;0ifuef@uGufpm ygwDtrSwf wHqdyftjzpf tokH;ðycJh+yD; 1990
oGm;a&mufay;ydk@aom trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pD a&G;aumufyGJ tóudumvwGif a&G;aumufyGJ
tzG JŒcsKyf(NLD) A[k dtvk yftr_aqmif a'gufwm aumfr&Sifu csay;aom tokH;ðyEkdifonfh ygwD
ar0if;jrifhESifh a&SŒae a':cifaX;ºuG,fwkd@udk tpd k;& trSwfwHqdyf trsKd;trsKd;teuf OD;cspfckdifESifh
tm%mydkifrsm;u taESmifh t,Sufay;cJ ha=umif; OD;cifarmifaqGwkd@u carmufykHukd a&G;cs,fcJh&m
od&ygw,f? (NLD)ygwD. trSwfwHqdyfonf carmufjzpf
uef@uGufpmukd jynfaxmifpka&G; vma=umif; od&ygw,f? ppftpkd;&u usif;y
aumufyGJaumfr&Sifu vufcHcJh+yD; aejynfawmf ay;rnfh 2010 a&G;aumufyJGonf w&m;r#w
&Sd pnfyifom,ma&; [dkw,fwGif a'gufwm jcif;r&Sd[kqdkum +yD;cJhonfh rwfv (29)&ufae@
ar0if;jrifhwdk@ (2)OD;wnf;cdkaepOf &J/ ppfzufa&; wGif ygwDudk xyfrHrSwfyHkrwif&ef NLDu qHk;
&mvHkòcHa&; (p&z) tzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh pnfyifom jzwfcJhygw,f?
,m0efxrf;wdk@u taESmifht,Suf ay;cJhonf rauG;wkdif;/ &efukefwdkif;ESifh yJcl;wkdif;
[k (NLD)A[kd tvkyftr_aqmif OD;0if;wifu wdk@rS (NLD) tzGJ@0ifrsm;uvnf; uef@uGufv$m
ajymjyygw,f? ,if;[kdw,fwGif wnf;cdk&ef rsm;ukd a&G ;aumufyGJaumf r&S ifxH ay;yd k@=ua=umif;
cGifhrðya=umif;ESifh jypfr_usL;vGefygu rnfonfh od&ygw,f? (NLD) ygwDA[kdtvkyftr_aqmif
yk'frESifh ta&;,lcH&rnfpaom owday;csuf (4)OD;wk d@u a&G;aumufyGJ ukdvufcHcJh=u+y(NDF) D ;/
rsm;udk tm%mykdifrsm;u vufrSwfa&;xdk;cdkif; ygwDukd arv (6)&ufae@wGif zGJ@pnf;cJh+yD;aemuf
a=umif ; OD ;0if; wifu qufvuf ajymjyyg arv (27)&uf ae@wGif ygwDwnf axmif cGifh av#muf
w,f? tm%mydkifrsm;. taESmifht,Sufay; xm;cJh=uygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ
r_a=umifh A[dktvkyftr_aqmif trsKd;orD; (2)
OD;onf &efukefodk@ vdkif;um;ESifh ae@csif;jyefcJh=u Õ a':atmifqef;pk-unfESifh EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;
&a=umif; od&ygw,f? (NDF) u =u,f (2)yGifh vGwfajrmufa&;/
yg tvHESifh carmufykHtrSwfwHqdyfudk ygwD Õ NLD/ CRPPES ifh a':atmifq ef;pk- unf wdk Œ.
twGuf tokH;ðyrnfjzpf+yD; uef@uGufvdku (7) qkH;jzwfcsufrsm; &yfwnfcsufrsm;udk axmufcHa&;/
&uftwG if; vma&muf uef@uGuf&ef a&G ;aumuf Õw&m;r#wr+r&dSaom 2010 a&G;aumufyGJ Oya'rsm;
yGJaumfr&Sifu ZGefv (30)&ufae@wGif tpdk;& udk qefŒusifa&;/
Õ2010 a&G;aumufyGJtm; qefŒusifoydwfarSmufa&;/
owif;pmrsm;rS a=unmcJhygw,f? (NLD) A[dk
tvkyftr_aqmifrsm;u Zlvdkifv (5) &ufae@

2 tmZmenfyk*d~KvfwdkŒ. vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufI aqmif&Guf&rnf?

 AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; aqmif;yg;rsm; pmaypdppfa&;u y,fcs
jynfwGif; tywfpOfxkwf owif; txdrf;trSwf txl;xkwftwGuf xnfhoGif;
*sme,frsm;/ vpOfxkwfr*~Zif;rsm;tm; pmaypd
ppfa&;tzGJ@odk@ wifjy&mwGif jzwfawmufr_rsm;
aeonfhtwGuf rD'D,mrsm;u pdwfysufae=u
a=umif; od&ygw,f?
,ckZlvdkifvwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;
ESifh tmZmenfacgif;aqmif}uD;rsm; usqHk;aom
Zlvdkif (19)&ufae@udk *k%fðyonfh Adk vfcsKyf
ta=umif; aqmif;yg;rsm;udk owif;*sme,f
rsm;u owif;pmq&m}uD;rsm;xH awmif;cHum
txl;*¾taejzifh xnfhonfudk pmaypdppf
a&;u vHk;0ðzwfypfonfrsm; &SdaeI jynfwGif;
owif; rD'D,morm;rsm; pdwfysuf=ujcif;jzpf
ygw,f? etz ppftpdk;&taejzihf AdkvfcsKyf
atmifqef;ESihfywfoufonfh rnfonhftxdrf;
trSwfrsKd;rS ðyvkyfavhr&dSaomfvnf; jynfol
rsm;u AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;udk odae=uojzifh
*sme,frsm;u &moDowif;rsm;/ aqmif;yg;rsm;
azmfjyae=ujcif;jzpfonf [k jrefrmEdkifiHpm
ayESifh pme,fZif;tzGJ@0if t,f'DwmwOD;u
ajymjyygw,f? ‚if;u “t&ifESpfawGuvnf;
usaemfwkd@ AdkvfcsKyfaqmif;yg;awGudk xnfhae
wmyJ? jynfolawGu AdkvfcsKyfaqmif;yg;eJ@ yHkawG
yg&if 0,f=uw,fAs? tckawmh ðzwfvdkufw,f
qdkwm vkyf&udkif&vnf; cufapw,f/ +yD;awmh
tpm;xdk; owif;u r&Sdbl;qdk&if rvG,fEdkifbl;”
[k &Sif;jyygw,f?
vpOfxkwf r*~Zif;wapmifjzpfonfh
pwdkifopfr*~Zif;wGif Zlvdkifv tmZmenfae@
EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vHk; csufcsif;vGwf
Nej, July 5, 2010
azmf jy&ef pmaypdp pfa &;¶Hk ;wif aqmif ;yg;
w0ufcef@ ðzwfcscHcJh&a=umif;vnf; ,if;r*~Zif;
wGif yifwdkifa&;aeaom aqmif;yg;&SifwOD;u
ajymjyygw,f? “usaemfodwmawmhh AdkvfcsKyf
atmifqef;udk,fwkdif a&;om;wJh aqmif;yg;/
1947/ Zlvkdifv ae@v,f (2) em&Daqmif;yg;/
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;&JΠyxrt}udrf &ckdifta&;
aqmif;yg;/ tJ'grsKd;awG awmfawmfrsm;rsm; ðzwf
ypfw,fvdk@ od&w,f? aqmif;yg;&SifawGvnf;
=umawmh b,fvdkaqmif;yg;awG a&;&r,fqdk
wm rawG;wwfawmhbl;”[k ‚if;uajymyg
w,f? *sme,frsm;wGif EdkifiHa&;okH;oyfcsuf
aqmif;yg;rsm;/ EdkifiHa&;owif;ESihf EdkifiHa&;
orm;rsm;ta=umif;udk azmfjycGifhr&a=umif;/
pmaypdppfa&;. twm;tqD;a=umihf *sme,f
tcsKdŒwGif&dSonfh EdkifiHa&;pmrsufESmudkyif ðzwf
&rvdkjzpfaea=umif; jynfwGif; rD'D,mavmurS
od&dS&ygw,f?
pmaypdppfa&;Y ,cifwm0ef,lae
aom pmppfrª;rsm; (3) OD;tzGJ@ESifh (4) OD;ygaom
tzGJ@wdk@udk pkpnf;um (12)OD;yg tzGJ@wck ajymif;
vkduf+yD;“tcka&mufvmwJh 'kwd,Akdvfrª;}uD;
rsKd;!Gef@armif(a&)u owif ;ESifhywfouf+yD;awm h
xdawG@r_r&Sdbl;/ topfa=umifh ðzwfwmawGrsm;
aewmvm;/ tay:uyJ !$ef=um;csufxkwfxm;
wmvm;qdkwmudk usaemfwdk@vnf; rajymwwf
awmhygbl;Asm”[k jynfwGif; owif;*sme,f
wckrS t,f'DwmcsKyfjzpfolu ajymjycJhygw,f?
3
 udkat;vGif ygwDudk tvSLcHr+ESifh w&m;pGJ&efjyifqif
jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiH trsKd;om; vnf;=unfhOD;r,f/ v$rf;rdk;w,fqdk&ifawmh
EdkifiHa&;tzGJ@csKyfygwDukd &efukefòrdŒawmfpnfyif
om,ma&;aumfrwD (ta&S Œykdif;c¶dk if) tm%m
ykdifrsm;u w&m;pGJqdk&ef jyifqifaeonf[k ‚if;
ygwD. wm0ef&SdolwOD;u ajymygw,f?
ZGefv (18)&ufae@wGif ajrmufOuU
vmy òrdŒe,f&Sd aps;wckwGif ,if;ygwDtwGuf
&efyHkaiGrsm; tvªcHcJh&m pnfyifom,menf;
Oya'ESifh w&m;pGJqdk&ef qifhac:xm;a=umif; ygwD
tzGJ@acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfonfh udkat;vGifuodk@
ajymygw,f? “udkatmifrif;olu jynfaxmifpk
jrefrmEdkifiH trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;tzGJ@csKyfygwDukd
OD;aqmifw,f/ olwdk@oGm;+yD;awmh tvSLcHw,f/
tJ'D tvSLcHwJh udpPeJ@ ywfouf+yD;awmh pnfyif
om,m enf;Oya' (33)t& pnfyifom,m
aps;awGxJrSm tvªcHcGifhr&Sdbl;qdk+yD;awmh qifh
ac:w,f”[k ‚if;u ajymygw,f? ,if;qifhac:
onfhpmukd &yfuGuf at;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh zGH@
òzd;a&;aumifpD (&,u)rS wqifhay;ykdrnf jzpf
a=umif; od&ygw,f? pnfyif om,m enf;Oya'
yk 'f r(33)qdk onf rSm aps;e,f ed rdwftwGif;
tm%mydkifrsm;. cGifhðycsufr&bJ tvªcHjcif;/
aps;aumuf aumufjcif;ponfwdk@jzpfa=umif;
od&ygw,f? OD;at;vGifu qifhac:onfhudpPESifh
ywfoufI Oya'ESifhnDrnD jyefvnfpOfpm;&
rnfjzpfa=umif; ajymygw,f?
“pnfyifenf; Oya' (33)qdkwmu
EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHkwifjcif;Oya'ukd ausmf
oG m;ovm;/ v$ rf;rdk ;ovm;/ tJ'gukdvnf; usaem f pk}uHhckdifa&;ESifh zGHΘzd;a&;ygwD(USDP)twGuf
Irrawaddy, July 8, 2010
usaemfwdk@ oGm;&rSmaygh/ rv$rf;rdk;bl;qdk&ifawmh
usaemfwdk@ oGm;p&mrvdkbl;”[k ‚if ;uqdkygw,f?
EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ukd axmufyHhay;vdkolrsm;tae
jzifh trsm;jynfolrsm;u vª'gef;Edkifa=umif/ ;EdkifiH
a&;ygwDrsm;uvnf; ,if;tvª aiG rsm;ukd aumuf
cHcGifh&Sda=umif; EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHkwifjcif;
Oaya' yk'fr (15)tykd'fcGJ(u)wGif azmfjyxm;
ygw,f? EdkifiHawmf at;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh
zG@Hòzd;a&;aumifpD OuUÏ AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD;oef;a&$.
vufrSwfjzifh xkwfjyefxm;aom Oaya'yk'fr
(15)tykd'fcGJ (u)wGif EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHk
wifjcif;Oya'wGif jynfwGif;&SdEdkifiHom;wOD;csif;
ujzpfap/ tzGJ@tpnf;vdkufjzpfap/ EdkifiHom;ykdif
ukr`%D odk@r[kwf ukr`%DtpktzGJ@ujzpfap ‚if;
wdk@w&m;0if&&Sdxm;aom aiGa=u;ypPnf;rsm;
xJrS ygwDodk@ aiGa=u; odk@r[kwf ypPnf;wdk@ukd
vª'gef;Edkifa=umif; azmfjyxm;ygw,f?
xdk@tjyif jynfaxmifpk}uHhcdkifa&;ESifh
zGH@òzd;a&;toif; (USDA) 0ifrsm;u ppfudkif;
wdk if; uav;òrdŒESifh ywf 0ef;usif aus;&Gmrsm;wGf i
a&G;aumufyGJ&efyHkaiG[kqdkum aiGrsm;aumuf
cHjcif;ES ifh EkdifiHom; pdppfa&;uwf&&Sda&; 0efaqmif
r_rsm;udk vGefcJhonfh wywfcef@u pwifðyvkyf
ay;aea=umif; od&ygw,f?
USDA vkyfaqmifr_rsm;onf jynf
axmifpka&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&SifwGif {+yDv
(29)&ufrSpI rSwfyHkwifcJhonfh jynfaxmif

4 a':atmifqef;pk-unfESifh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; csufcsif;vGwf?

pnf;¶Hk;aejcif;jzpfyD; &efyHkaiGrsm; aumufcHjcif;rSmvnf; ‚if;wdk@twGuf aumufcHjcif;rsm;jzpfEdkif
onf[k a'ocHrsm;u ajymjycJhygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ
7 Zlvdkif txdrf;trSwf jynfwGif;Y pmjzefŒ
A rmEk d i f i H v k H ; orkdif;a=umif;ESifh ausmif;om;or*~rsm; zGJ@pnf;
qkdif&m ausmif;
om;or*~ rsm;
tzG J@csKyf (Auo)
ESifh ppftm%m
&Sif qef@usifa&; vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_ aumfrwDwkd@u
Auo òzdcGif;cH&onfh (7)Zlvkdif txdrf;trSwf
v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;ukd jynfwGif;Y ðyvkyf=ua=umif;
od&ygw,f?
ppftm%m&Sif qef@usifa&;vlxk
v_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD (&efukef)rS ukdatmifu
vnf; “1962 ckESpf tm%modrf; ppftpkd;&
wufvm+yD;aemufykdif; Auoukd òzdcGJcJhw,f?
vuf&Sdtaetxm;rSm ausmif;om;or*~awG
jyefvnfay:aygufvmzkd@ vkdw,f ? 'g[mausmif;
om;awG &oifh&xkdufwJh tcGifhta&;jzpfw,f
qkdwmukd E_d;aqmfwJhpmawG usaemfwkd@jzef@
w,f” [k ajymjyygw,f? “jynfwGif; Auo
u ukdZmenfOD;aqmif+yD; &efukefrSm vufurf;
pmapmifawG/ ykd@puwfawG jzef@a0w,f? aemuf
+yD; pmwkdufuaewqifh jzef@a0wmawGvnf;
vkyfw,f”[k rJaqmuftajcpkduf Auo ¶Hk;rS
ukdaZmfxGef;u ajymygw,f?
jynfwGif; jynfy tzGJ@tpnf; (12)ck
yl;aygif;zGJ@pnf;xm;onfh ppftm%m&Sifqef@
usifa&; vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_ aumfrwDu &efukef/
rEœav;ESifh aejynfawmfokd@ Auo òzdcGJcH&r_
Irrawaddy, July 7, 2010
Ekdifa&;ponfh v_H@aqmfpmrsm; jzef@a0jcif;jzpf
ygw,f? “pmtdwfaygif; (500)ukd pmtdwfykHpH
trsKd;rsKd;eJ@ pmwkdufykH; toD;oD;uaeykd@w,f?
vdyfpmawGukd vrf;n$ef pmtkyfawGuae ,l
w,f”[k ukdatmifu ajymjyygw,f? 'kwd,
ausmif;om;oydwft+yD; yxrt}udrfajrmuf
ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;nDvmcH.
qkH;jzwfcsuft& 1936 ckESpf arv (8)&ufwGif
Auouk d pwifz GJ@ pnf ;cJ hygw,f? yxrqH k;
Auo OuUÏrSm udk&m&Spfjzpf+yD;/ 'kwd, OuUÏrSm
udkatmifqef;jzpfygw,f? ppftm%modrf;r_
udk qef@usiftHkºuGcJhonfh wuUodkvfausmif;
om;/ ausmif;olrsm;udk AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;.
awmfvSefa&; aumifpDu ypfcwfESdrfeif;cJh+yD;
1962 ckESpf/ Zl vkdif (7)&ufwGif ausmif;om;or* ~
taqmufttHkudk 'dkif;erdkufjzifhcGJI òzdcszsuf
qD;cJhygw,f? ausmif;om;or*~ zGJ@pnf;cGifhukd
vnf; ydwfyifcJh&m ,cktcsdefxd Auoonf
ajratmuftzGJ@tpnf;toGifjzifh &yfwnfcJh&
ygw,f?
Auoudk 1988 =o*kwfv (28) &uf
ae@wGif udkrif;udkEdkif/ udkudk}uD;/ udkrdk;oD;ZGefwdk@
OD ;aqmifum AuojyefvnfzGJ@pnf;a&;ESifh w&m;
0if&yfwnfEkdifa&;ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;
ukd owWruGef*&uftjzpf usif;ycJh=uygw,f?
ÑÑÑ

tusOf;uscH wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; csufcsif;vGwf? 5

 a':atmifqef;pk-unfvGwfajrmufa&; yifpifpm;orm;rsm; t"d@mef0if
Dvb, July 9, 2010
jref r mh 'D rk d ua&pD a cgif ;aqmif awmh &efukefrSm&dSwJh bk &m;awGukd tukefvkH;ukd
a':atmifqef;pk=unf usef;rmygap/ tjrefqkH; t"dÏmef0ifw,f/ wae@ukd (6)em&Dxkdifw,f/
vGwfajrmufygapeJ@ awG@qkHnd‡Ed_if;a&; tjrefqkH; nae (4)em&DcGJ (5)em&DavmufrS jyefvm=u
jzpfygapqkdwJh &nf&G,fcsufeJ@ &efukef&Sd yifpifpm; w,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unf usef;rmygapeJ@
orm;awGu wae@ukd (6)em&D w&m;xk d if t"dÏmef a':atmifqef;pk=unf tjrefqkH;vGwfajrmufyg
0ifae=uw,fvdk@ od&ygw,f? ap&,f/ aemuf+yD;awmh awG@qkHnd‡E_dif;a&;ukd
+yD;cJhwJhZGefv (19)&ufae@ a':atmif vnf; tjrefqkH; jzpfygapqkdwJh &nf&G,fcsufeJ@
qef;pk=unf&JŒarG;ae@up+yD; &efukefòrdŒwGif;u yxr pxkdifwkef;u (15)a,muf/ tckuawmh
yifpifpm;awGu pkaygif;t"dÏmef0ifaewmjzpf 0efxrf;a&m 0efxrf;awGvnf; ygvmw,f?
+yD; vmr,fhZlvdkifv (20)&ufae@txd ðyvkyf “tm;vkH;aygif;vlaygif; tpdwfaygh
oGm;rSmjzpfw,fvkd@ t"dÏmef0ifolwOD;u qdkyg aemf/ (25)a,mufjzpfoGm;+yD/ wjznf;jznf;eJ@ ol
w,f? &efukefòrdŒwGif;rSm&SdwJh bkef;}uD;ausmif; wkd@0ifvm+yD;awmh olwkd@tJ'DrSm w&m;xkdifwm
awGrSm wae@(6)em&Dðyvkyf+yD; pwifvkyfaqmif wem&Dxdkif+yD; watmifhavmuf em;=uw,f/
pOfu yifpifpm;orm; (15)OD;eJ@ pwifcJhwmay em;wJhtcsdefrSm tJ'DrSmaygh bmtwGufvJ bm
r,fh tck0efxrf;tygt0if aemufxyf (10) vJaygh ar;=uwmaygh/ ar;awmh pyfrdvkd@ 'Dvkd'D
yg0ifvmw,fvkd@ t"dÏmef0 ifaeolwOD;u a=umif;yJvkyfw,fqkdawmh olwkd@uyg usaemf
ajymygw,f? “a':atmifqef;pk=unf (65) ESpf wkd@yg0if+yD; ygr,fqkd+yD;awmh tckvuf&Sd 0efxrf;
jynfharG;ae@ (19)&ufae@uaep+yD;awmh &efukef u trsKd;orD ;(3)a,muf eJ@ trsKd;om; (4)a,muf
rSm&dSwJh bk&m;awGukd reuf (7)em&Duaep+yD; 0ifygvm=uw,f?” Ñ Ñ Ñ
EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om; rdom;pkrsm;udNLD
k acgif;aqmifESpfOD; qufvuftm;ay;
Rfa, July 6, 2010
'Drkdua&pD&&Sda&; 88 vlxktkHºuGr_ tckvdk EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om; rdom;pk
jzpfay:csdefup+yD; ESpf&Snfaxmif'%fawG t}udrf aetdrfawGudk olwdk@ NLD acgif;aqmif(2)OD;
}udrfuscHae&wJh 88 rsKd;qufausmif;om;acgif; oGm;a&muf tm;ay;&wm[m tusOf;usae
aqmifrif;aZ,s&J@rdom;pkaetdrfeJ@ wjcm; 88 olawG&J@ axmifwGif;tajctaeudk udk,fcsif;
rsKd;qufausmif;ol rav;av;rGefwdk@&JŒaetdrf pmrdwmuwa=umif; tjyif rSmusefaewJh Ekd ifiHa&;
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oGm;a&muftm;ay;cJha=umif; od&ygw,f? wdk@a=umifh olwdk@taeeJ@ vkyfaqmifaewm jzpf

6 rSefuefwJh OD;aqmifr+eJ‹ vlxkudk OD;aqmif = etz 2010 udk±dkufcsdK;

w,fvkd@ NLDacgif;aqmifawGu qkdygw,f? rdom;pk (5)pkeJ@ awGŒqkHEkdifcJh+yD;/ pm;aomufzG,f
'Duae@ awGŒqkHtm;ay;yGJrSm NLD &m tenf;i,fudkvnf; ay;vSLcJhw,fvdk@ od&yg
acgif;aqmifawGtaeeJ@ EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om; w,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ
&Srf; typf&yf wyfzGJŒ0ifwcsdKŒawmjyefcdk
Irrawaddy, July 6, 2010
e,fjcm;apmifhwyf toGifajymif;&ef a&;udk oabmwlcJhygw,f? etz ppftpdk;&ESifh
oabmwl xm;onf h &S r f ; jynf wyf r awmf 1989rSpI typf&yfoabmwlxm;onf(SSA
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armif;. wyfzGJŒ0ifwcsdKŒonf 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf ‚if;wdk@teufrS vufeuftiftm; aiGtiftm;
}uD; &GufqpfOD;aqmifonfh &Srf;jynfwyfrawmf tawmifhwif;qHk;jzpfonfh AdkvfcsKyfyefz OD;pD;
(awmifydkif;) (SSA - S)odk@ vma&mufyl;aygif; aom wyfr[m (1)onf e,fjcm;apmifhwyfzGJŒ
a=umif; od&Sd&ygw,f? toGifajymif;&ef jiif;qefaeqJ jzpfygw,f?
“vmaygif;wJh olawGuawmh olwdk@ ppftpdk;&udk vufeufudkif awmfvSef
awG &Srf;ppfwyf xJ0ifwm &Srf;jynfudk umuG,f aeqJjzpfaom (SSA - S)onf ‚if;wdk@ v_yf&Sm;
csifvdk@/ &Srf;ppf om;vk yf+yD; olrsm;twG uf tvkyf aeonfh e,fajrrsm;wGif tpdk;&wyfrsm;ESifh xdyf
vkyf&r,fhtjzpfrsdK; rjzpfcsifbl;/ 'ga=umifh awmf wdkufawGŒqHkjcif;udk a&Smif&Sm;aea=umif;/ tpdk;&
vSefaeqJjzpfwJh usaemfwdk@tzGJŒeJ@vm+yD; yl; wyf rsm;uvnf ; Ad kvfcsKyf yef z.wyfrsm;udk zdtm;
aygif;wmyg/ tiftm;uawmh ig;q,favmuf ay;&ef óud;pm;aea=umif; (SSA - S)rS Adkvfrª;
&Sd+yD; vufeufcJ,rf;awGyg ygygw,f”[k(SSA wOD;u ajymygw,f? etz ppftpdk;&xHwGif
-S)rS ajyma&;qdkcGifh&Sdol Adkvfrª; pdkif;avmifqdkif; vufeufESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;vJvS,fxm;onfh &Srf;
u ajymygw,f? (SSA - S) odk@vma&muf yl; jynftrsdK;om;wyfrawmf (Shan State National
aygif;aom ajrmufydkif;rSwyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;onf Army- SSNA)rS AdkvfcsKyfpdkif;,DESifh AdkvfcsKyf
&Srf;jynfajrmufydkif; pdefausmh/ erfhvef/ vG,fac;/ atmifjrwdk@onf ‚if;wdk@ acgif;aqmifjzpfaom
vG,fyef;ponfh a'orsm;&Sdwyfrsm;rS jzpf=uyg AdkvfcsKyf}uD; uef;&GufuG,fvGef+yD;aemuf vuf
w,f? trsm;pkrSm ( SSA – N)wyfr[m (3)rS usefwyfzGJŒrsm;udk pkpnf;um 2005 ckESpfwGif
jzpf=u+yD; usef&Sdaeolrsm;xJrS qufvuf xGuf (SSA-S) 'kwd, AdkvfcsKyf}uD; &Gufqpf.tzGJŒ
vmrnfholrsm;vnf;&Sdao;a=umif; od&ygw,f? rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;cJhonf? e,fjcm;apmifhwyfzGJŒ
+yD;cJhonfh arv (24)&ufae@wGif toGifajymif;&ef jiif;qefae=uonfh typf&yf
(SSA – N)OuUÏ AdkvfcsKyfvG,farmif;ESifh AdkvfcsKyf tzGJŒrsm;rSm 0 aoG;pnf;nDnGwfa&; wyfrawmf
udkifzwdk@ OD;aqmifum etzppftpkd;& urf; (UWSA)/ rGefjynfopfygwD (NMSP)/ ucsif
vS rf;xm;onfh e,fjcm;apmifhwyfzGJ ŒtoGifajymif; vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf (KIA)/ (SSA-N) rS

ppftkyfpk. 2010 a&G;aumufyGJtm; qefŒusifwdkufzsuf-u 7

wyfr[m(1)ESifh &Srf;jynfe,f tajcpdkuf trsdK;
om;'Drdkua&pD r[mrdwfwyfrawmf (NDAA)
wdk@ jzpf=uygw,f?
typf&yf wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkif
tzGJŒrsm;udk etz ppftpdk;&u +yD;cJhonfh 2009
ESpfukefydkif;rS pwifum e,fjcm;apmifh wyf toGif
ajymif;&ef urf;vSrf;cJh+yD; ,cktcsdefxd pckefwdrfh
ppfawG qENjy ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyefrwufao;
ppfawGenf;ynmaumvdyfausmif; cJh=u+yD; nae (6)em&Dcef@wGif y,u ¶kH;a&SŒY
om;rsm;u ausmif;oGm;vma&; tcuftcJ
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pwifum tm%mydkifrsm;udk awmif;qkd qENjyr_
rsm;ðyvk yfcJ h=u+yD ;/ ausmif ;wuf=ujcif ;r&Sd
ao;a=umif; od&ygw,f?
ppf a wG e nf ; ynmaumvd y f onf
ppfawGòrdŒrS (12)rkdifuGma0;onfh a&csrf;jyif&Gm
teD;wGifwnf&Sd&m Zlvkdif (5)&ufu ausmif;óud
ykd@um;wcsKdŒ rvma&mufjcif;/ ,if; óudykd@um;c
aps;E_ef;rsm; wdk;jr‡ifhjcif;wdk@a=umifh ausmif;qif;
csdefwGif ausmif;om;rsm;u y,u ¶kH;a&SŒtxd
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ygw,f? “usaemfwkd@u óudykd@um;awG ykHrSefvm
zkd@ / um;caps;wufwmawG rvkyfzk@d / um;caiG
taºuGtrf;zkd@twGuf um;py,f,mawGudk aiG
taºuGxkwfay;xm;zk@dawG awmif;qkdw,f” [k
ppfawGenf;ynm aumvdyfausmif;om;wOD;u
ajymygw,f? nae (3)em&Dcef@rSpI ppfawG
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tiftm; (500)ausmfcef@ ajcvsifav#mufjyef
8 tm%m±l;ppftpdk;&. &ufpuf,kwfrmr+rsm;tm; &J0HhpGmazmfxkwf-u?
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jynf e,f txl;a'o(2) (uvvw)/ ukd;uef@
txl;a'o (1)/ wmcsDvdwfòrdŒe,f&Sd vm;[l
jynfol@ppf wyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;uom oabmwlcJh=u
ao;ygw,f?
ÑÑÑ
Irrawaddy, July 8, 2010
xkdifI qENjycJh=u&m n (9)em&Dcef@wGifrS q&m
/q&mrrsm;u tm;vkH;tqifajy&ef pDpOfay;yg
rnf [ktmrcHojzifh qENjyyG Jukd &yfqkdif;cJ ha=umif;
od&ygw,f? ausmif;om;rsm;qENjyr_a=umifh
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rsm;u ausmif;óudydk@ um;ykdif&Sifrsm;udk wif;
usyfpGm ukdifwG,fr_ðyvmvdrfhrnfjzpfa=umif;
ppfawG a'ocHwOD;u ajymygw,f?
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"mwfqDaps;wufawmh ausmif;óudydk@um; vkyf
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w,f?
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w,f/ wkdif;rSL;u qENjyyGJrSmygwJh ausmif;om;
awGukd pm&if;ðypkckdif;aew,fqkdawmh uav;
awGvef@ae=uwmvnf ;ygr,f ”[k ppfawG
a'ocH uajymygw,f ? ppf a wG wuU o k d vf
tef'Dtufzftm; rSwfykHwifcGifhðyjcif;udk teft,fvf'D ¶+wfcs
carmufykHudk ygwDwHqdyftokH;ðyjcif; teft,fvf'Du ¶_wfcsygw,f”[k ajym=um;
ES if hywfoufI uef@ uG ufonf h=um;rS a&G;
aumufyGJaumfr&Sifu trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pD
tiftm;pk (tef'Dtufzf)ygwDukd EkdifiHa&;rSwf
ykHwifcGifhðyvkdufonfhtay: trsKd;om;'Drkdua&
pDtzGJ@csKyf (teft,f vf'D)u vufrcHEkd ifa=umif;
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teft,fvf'DrS ajyma&;qkdcGifh&Sdol
OD;^m%f0if; u “a&G; aumufyG Jaumfr&Sifu
teft,fvf'D&JΠuef@uGufv$mukd todtrSwf
rðywmbJvkd@jrifw,f? 'g[m Oya'a=umif;
t& vufcHEkdifp&mr&Sd ygbl;? a&G;aumufyGJ
aumfr&Sif&JΠqkH;jzwfcsuf[m uef@uGufwmukd
rsufuG,fðyovkd ðyaewma=umifh usaemfwkd@
rwlwm c%z,f/ wlwmawGeJ‹ pkpnf;/ bHk&efoludk rsufajcrjywfapeJ‹
ausmif;om;rsm;onf 2006 / 2008 / 2009
ckESpfrsm;wGifvnf; óudykd@um;c aps;wufjcif;/
um;rvmjcif;rsm;a=umifh qENjyr_rsm; ðyvkyfcJh
=uao;ygw,f? jrefrmEkdifiHwGif wuUokdvf/
aumvdyfESifh 'D*&Daumvdyf pkpkaygif; (159)ck
&Sdae+yD; tmqD,HEkdifiHrsm;twGif; trsm;qkH;jzpf
aea=umif; weekly eleven tifwmeufpmrsuf
ESmwGif azmfjyxm;ygw,f?
odk@&mwGif 1988 ckESpfaemufykdif;rS
pI tqifjrifhynmtqifhausmif;rsm;ukd òrdŒESifh
a0;uGm&m ae&mrsm;wGifom xlaxmifay;xm;
&m ausmif;om;rsm;t=um;yÉdyuQ jzpfy Gm;
r_rsm;&Sdvmygu òrdŒvlxkESifh ryl;aygif;rdap&ef
ppftpkd;&u ðyvkyfxm;jcif; jzpfonf[k ausmif;
om;rsm;u ajymjycJhygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ
Nej, July 12, 2010
cJh ygw,f ? trsKd; om;'D rk d ua&pDt zG J @csKyf .
carmufyHkwHqdyftrSwftom;ukd tjcm;ygwD
w&yf&yftm; ,if;uhJokd@ tokH;ðycGifh ay;vkduf
onfhtwGuf jynfolwkd@tm; xifa,mifxif
rSm;jzpfapa=umif; teft,fvf'Du axmufjycJh
ygw,f? OD;^m%f0if;u “uef@uGufEkdifwJhtcsdef
awmif rjynfhao;bJ ygwDzGJ@cGifh ay;vkdufw,f
qkdwmukd tefu,fvfwkd@ em;rvnfEkdifbl;?
'DudpPukd teft,fvf'D acgif;aqmifvl}uD;awG
qufaqG;aEG;+yD; a&SŒqufbmvkyfoGm; rvJqkd
wm r=umcif qkH;jzwfoGm;rSmyg” [k ajym=um;
cJhygw,f? trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pD tiftm;pkygwD
u ‚if;wkd@ygwD. tvHESifhwHqdyfrsm;ukd uef@
9
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cJh+yD;aemuf tqkdygcarmufykHukd tef'Dtufzfu pnf;oGm;zkd@ 'DtywfxJrSm tpnf;ta0;ac:zkd@
qifwl,kd;rSm;wky+yD; ykHrSm;¶kdufonf[lI a&G; &Sdygw,f”[k ajym=um;cJhygw,f? ygwDrSwfykH
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onfh Zlvkdif (5) &ufwGif uef@uGufpm wifoGif; tiftm;pk (tef'Dtufzf)ygwDonf vmrnfh
cJhygw,f? a&G;aumufyGJY òrdŒe,faygif; (50)ausmfwGif 0if
okd@aomf uef@uGufEkdifonfhtcsdef (7) a&mufta&G;cHoGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; a'gufwm
&ufrjynfhcif +yD;cJhonfh Zlvkdif (9) &ufae@Y oef;+idrf;u ajymygw,f?
a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sifu rSwfykHwiftrSwf tef ' D t uf z f y gwD u k d trsKd ; om;
(38)jzifh trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pD tiftm;pkygwD 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS EkwfxGufcJhonfh A[kd
tm; EkdifiHa&;ygwD rSwfykHwifcGifhðyvkdufjcif;jzpf tvkyfr_aqmif a[mif; OD ;cifarmif aqG/ a'gufwm
ygw,f? tef'DtufzfrS ygwDacgif;aqmifwOD; oef ;+idrf;/ OD ;odef;!Gef@/ a'gufwm0if ;Ekdif tygt0if
jzpfol a'gufwmoef;+idrf;u “EkdifiHa&;ygwD acgif;aqmif (19) OD;wkd@u 2010 a&G;aumufyGJ
rSwfyk HwifcGifhðyvkduf+yDqk dawmh 'DcarmufykH wGif 0ifa&muf,SOfòydif&ef +yD;cJhonfh arv (6)
wHqdyfukd okH;cGifhay;vkduf+yDqkdwJhoabmvkd@ &ufae@u pwifwnfaxmifcJhygw,f?
usaemfawmh em;vnfw,f? a&SŒqufvkyfief; ÑÑÑ
ILO 0efxrf;ESpfOD; bkduav;rSm zrf;qD;cH&
Rfa, July 12, 2010
{&m0wDwkdif; bkduav;òrdŒe,frSm jrifoufaowa,mufu ajymygw,f? “bdk
t"rRvkyftm;ay; ckdif;apr_ yaysmufa&;eJ@ qkdif uav;òrdŒe,frSm ILO uae+yD;awmh qif;+yD;
wJh todynmay; vufurf;pmapmifawG jzef@ awmhayghaemf/ t"rRvkyftm;ay; yaysmufa&;
a0cJhwJh &efukef ILO ¶Hk;csKyfu 0efxrf;ESpfOD;ukd qdkwJh pm¶Gufpmwrf;awG a0iSw,fAs? tJvdk
tm%mykdifawGu zrf;qD;ppfaq;+yD;aemuf/ tcsdeftcgrsdK;rSm 'DrSm&SdaewJh tufpfbDwdk@/ poHk;
em&Dykdif;twGif; &efukefukd jyefykd@vkdufw,fvkd@ vHk;wdk@/ &Jwdk@uae+yD;awmh qif;+yD;awmh ppfaq;
òrdŒcHawGu ajymygw,f? r_awG vmvkyfw,fayghav/ 'DtcsdefrSm? trSef
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trsdK;om;wOD;eJ@ trsdK;orD;wOD;[m Zlvkdifv qif;+yD;awmh a0w,fqdkwmu tpdk;&cGifhðycsuf
(9)&ufae@u bkduav;òrdŒr aps;}uD;w0kdufeJ@ òrdŒ awG/ ppfrSefwJh agreement awGeJ@ Oya't& a0&
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urf;pmapmifawG jzef@a0aepOf tm%mykdif tpnf;awGu ae+yD;awmh 'geJ@ywfoufvdk@
awGu zrf;qD;oGm;cJhwm jzpfw,fvkd@ òrdŒcHrsuf teH@&wJhtcgrsdK;usawmh ac:+yD;awmh ppfaq;

10 awGŒqHkaqG;aEG;a&; taumiftxnfazmfay;
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vufurf;pmapmifawG vma&muf jzef@a0wm tukefvHk;u odw,fr[kwfvm;/ vkyfay;&
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tcsuftvufawGtay: pdwf0ifwpm; zwf¶_ b,fOpPmqdk vkyfay;oifhw,f/ b,fOpPmqdk
olawGtawmfrsm;w,fvkd@ aemufxyfòrdŒcH vkyfray;oifhbl;/ 'Dvdk[mrsdK;awGu uGJuGJjym;
wa,mufu ajymygw,f? “olwdk@udk em&Dydkif; jym;odoGm;wmaygh?”
avmufaygh/ em&Dydkif;avmuf ac:ppfar;jref;+yD; 'Dowif;eJ@ ywfoufvkd@ twnfðy
awmh 'Dnae jyefrvm;/ jyefr,fqdk olwdk@udk jyef csuf &,lEkdifzkd@ &efukef ILO ¶Hk;csKyfu wm0efcH
v$wfay;vdkufwmaygh? pmqufa0cGifhawG bm t&m&Sd Steve Marshall udk qufoG,f ar;jref;
awGydwfvdkufawmh olwdk@qDrSmvnf; rusef &mrSm rtm;vyfa=umif; w,fvDzkef; ajzqkdol
awmhbl;eJ@ wlygw,f? olwdk@u w&ufwnf;yJ 0efxrf;wOD;u wHk@jyefajymqkdygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ
rdbrJhuav;rsm;twGuf ynma&;tvSL
Rfa, July 11, 2010
rEœav;òrdŒ xD;aygif;um;pm=unfh }uD;ausmif;wausmif;rSm 'Duae@ usif;ycJhw,f
wdkuftzGJ@eJ@ jr&nfeENmaps; rdom;pkawG pkaygif; vdk@ wm0ef,lvkyfudkifay;aeol wOD;u ajymjyyg
zGJ@pnf;xm;wJh vlr_a&; toif;tzGJ@uae rdb w,f? rEœav;òrdŒ[m jrefrmEkdifiHrSm vlOD;a&
rJhvdk@jzpfap/ rdb&SdwmyJjzpfap awmif;&rf;pm; txlxyfqHk; 'kwd,òrdŒjzpf+yD; uav;oli,f
aomufae&wJh uav;awG&JŒynma&;eJ@ vlae wcsdK@[m ynmoifcsdefrSm ynmoif,lcGifhr&bJ
f awmif;&rf ;pm;aomufwm tygt0if vuf zuf
r_b0 jr‡ifhwifh ay;zd k@ &nf &G,fcsufeJ@uav;ol i,
awGudk ac:,lapmifha&Smufay;aeygw,f? &nfqdkifeJ@ pm;aomufqdkifawGrSm tvkyfvkyf
+yD;cJhwJh wvavmufu 'Dvlr_a&; ae=u&ygw,f?
tzGJ@uae ouFef;0wf &Sifðyay;xm;wJh rdbrJh +yD;cJhwJhvtenf;i,fu rav;&Sm;
uav;oHk;a,muftwGuf wvjynfh txdrf; EdkifiHvl0ifr_}uD;=uyfa&; xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;
trSwfyGJav;wckudk csrf;jrompnfòrdŒe,f bkef; twGif;u,folrJhjzpfaecJhwJh jrefrmuav;i,f
zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya' jyefvnfoHk;oyfa&;aumfrwD zGJŒpnf;ay; 11
(6)OD;rSm rEœav;wdkif;u uav;wcsdKŒvnf; yg0ifygw,f? olwdk@udk vlyGJpm;uae &efukefrSm tvkyf
vkyfzdk@ ta=umif;jyac:vm+yD; rav;&Sm;EdkifiHrSm awmif;&rf;ckdif;zdk@ a&mif;cscJhw,fvdk@ 'Duav;awG
ajym=um;cJhygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ
rHk&GmwGif bkef;awmf}uD;ausmif;rsm; vkHòcHa&;csxm;
Nej, July 9, 2010
urBmESifht0Sef; ausmf=um;chJaom ‚if;u “OD;Zif;wdk@ ausmif;udk rD;¶_dŒzdk@
2007 ckESpf a&$0ga&mifoHCmhawmfvSefa&; vmawmh touf (14) ESpfavmufyJ&SdwJh ae0if;
wGif yg0ifcJhonfh ppfudkif;wdkif; rHk&GmòrdŒ&Sd v,f atmifeJ@ aZmfaZmfatmifqdkwJhuav;(2)a,muf
wDausmif;wdkuf/ pdwWokcausmif;wdkuf/ ayyif udk OD;Zif;wdk@ q&mawmfu zrf;rdw,f” [k rdef@yg
ausmif;wd kufESifh ta&SŒav;xyf ausmif ;wdk u wkf d@ w,f? bkef;}uD;ausmif;rsm;udk rD;¶_dŒrnf[k ,lq&
wGif vHkòcHa&;wyfzGJ@ESifh &Jum;rsm; csxm;onf aom oHo,jzifh vl (5) OD;udk zrf;qD;xm;+yD; ppf
[k od&ygw,f? aq;aea=umif; rkH&Gm&Jpcef;rS wm0efus&J t&m&dS
ppfudkif;wdkif; wdkif;rª;. !$ef=um; wOD;u twnfðyajym=um;cJhygw,f?
csufjzifh ,if;odk@vkHòcHa&;cscJhjcif;jzpfa=umif; odk@aomf zrf;qD;xm;olrsm;. trnf
rHk &GmòrdŒe,f &Jt&m&SdwOD ;u ajymygw,f? bk ef; ESifh rnfokd@ta&;,l tjypfay;rnfqdkonfudk ‚if;
awmf}uD;ausmif;rsm;udk vHkòcHa&;cs&efrnf u ajymqdk&ef jiif;qefcJhygw,f? rkH&GmrS pmayESihf
onfhta=umif;rS r=um;bJ bma=umifh vHkòcH pme,fZif ;tzGJ @0if rkH&GmòrdŒcHwOD;url ,if;od k@ bk ef;
a&;csonfudk ar;jref;onfhtcg &Jrsm;u wdkif; }uD;ausmif;rsm;udk rD;¶_dŒ&ef}uHpnfr_onf pufwif
rª;.trdef@jzpfa=umif; ajymonf[k rHk&GmòrdŒcH bm ta&;tcif;ra&mufrD oHCmrsm;udk apmifh
wdk@xHrS od&ygw,f? ,cifv (30) &ufae@wGif =unfhapvdkaom &nf&G,fcsufjzifh tr_tcif;jzpf
v,fwDausmif;ESifh pdwWokcausmif;wdk@udk rD; ap&ef tpdk;&bufrS wrifzefwD;vdkufjcif; jzpfEkdif
¶_dŒ&efvmonf[k ,lq&olESpfOD;tm; oHCm a=umif; ajymqdkcJhygw,f? ‚if;u “jzpfEdkifacs&dS
awmfrsm;u zrf;qD;rdcJh+yD; aemufydkif;wGif ,ck wmudk awG;&wmaygh? bmvdk@vnf;qdkawmh tv
uJhodk@ vHkòcHa&;cscJhjcif;jzpfygw,f? “rD;r¶d_Œcif um;oufouf apmifh=unfhwmrsKd;usawmhtpd k ;&
bkef;}uD;ausmif;awGudk óudwif+yD;awmh +cdrf; taeeJ@ raumif;bl;av? tckawmhta=umif;
ajcmufwJhoabm ta=umif;=um;w,fav? jycsuf&wmaygh? tckvdk udpPawGa=umihf vkHòcHa&;
tJ'Dawmh 'DudpP[m aoG;¶kd;om;¶kd; rjzpfEdkif t&apmihf=unhfwmygqdk&if +yD;oGm;+yDav” [k
bl;”[k v,fwDbkef;awmf}uD;ausmif;rS 'um ajymygw,f? jrefrmwEdkifiHvHk;wGif oHCmhta&;
&if;wOD;u ajymygw,f? xdka=umihf óudwif tcif;jzpfay:cJh&m ausmif;om; jynfolwdk@vnf;
odxm;ojzifh rD;¶_dŒcsdefwGif zrf;qD;rdjcif;jzpf yg0ifvm=uonfhtwGuf ppfwyfuaoewfrsm;
a=umif; v,fwDausmif;wdkufrS oHCmawmf jzifh ypfcwf ESdrfeif;cJhr_a=umifh oH Cmrsm;tygt0if
wyg;u rdef@ygw,f? vlaygif;ajrmufjrm;pGm toufqHk;¶_H;cJh&ygw,f?
12 rSefuefwJh OD;aqmifr+eJ‹ vlxkudk OD;aqmif = etz 2010 udk±dkufcsdK;
 w±kwfEdkifiHwGif ta&mif;pm;cH&olrsm;udk u,fwifEdkif&ef wdkif-um;
w±kwfEkdifiHrSm a&mif;pm;cH&&mu
ae jyefvGwfvmwJh &Srf;trsKd;orD;awGu olwdk@
eJ@twl a&mif;pm;cH&+yD; w±kwftrsKd;om;awGeJ@
tvdkrwlbJ xdrf;jrm;ae&wJh &Srf;wdkif;&if;ol
awG jyefvnfvGwfatmifaqmif=uOf;+yD; rdom;
pkeJ@ jyefvnfaygif;pnf;Edkifatmif ulnDay;zdk@
&efukeftajcpdkuf tdkift,fvftdk qufqHa&;
±Hk;udk wdkifvdkufygw,f?
2008 ckESpftwGif;rSm ±kd;±dk;tvkyf
vkyf&r,fvdk@ nmac:a&mif;pm;cH&ol ajcmuf
OD;teuf vGwfajrmufvmwJh rdk;rdwfòrdŒ aus;&Gm
ol trsKd;orD;ESpfOD;u+yD;cJhwJh udk;&ufae@u wdkif
=um;cJhygw,f? wdkif=um;ol trsKd;orD;ESpfOD;
teufwOD;u rdk;rdwfòrdŒe,f rkHbdkaus;&Gmu
wOD;jzpf+yD; usefwpfOD;u rkd;rdwfòrdŒe,freftkH
aus;&Gmu jzpfygw,f? olwdk@wawGudk w±kwf
EkdifiHwdef;crf;rd@udk ac:aqmif a&mif;cscJhwmjzpf
+yD; xGufajy;vGwfajrmufvmol trsKd;orD;
wOD;u attdkif'DtufpfeJ haoqkH;cJhw,fvdk@
qdkygw,f? olwdk@udk nmac: a&mif;pm;olawG
udk rdk;rdwfòrd@&JwyfzGJ@/ trsKd;orD;a&;&m tzGJ@awG
udk wdkif=um;ayr,hf rxda&mufvdk@ tdkift,fvf
tdkudk wdkifwmvdk@qdkygw,f? 'Dwdkif=um;r_udk
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf rE Wav;wdkif;
vli,fazmf aqmifa&;tzGJ@eJ@ tzJG@csKyf&efukef
wdkif;/ prf;acsmif;òrd@e,f OuUÏ OD;oufa0wdk@u
vdkufygulnD=uygw,f? OD;oufa0uyJ tckvdk
ajymjyygw,f? “ajcmufa,muf pvkH; ZeD;r,m;
tjzpfeJ@ a&mif;pm;cH&wm/ ac:oGm;wk ef;uawmh
wjcm; tvkyftudkif vkyf&r,f/ xif;pdkuf/ xif;
ppftkyfpk. 2010 a&G;aumufyGJtm; qefŒusifwdkufzsuf-u
Nej, July 12, 2010
ckwfvkyf&r,fqkd+yD; ac:oGm;wm/ wvudk (8)
aomif;&r,fqkd+yD; ac:oGm;wm/ ac:oGm;+yD; [kd
a&mufwJh tcgusawmh wqifh+yD;wqifh w±kwf
jynfxJ ac:oGm;+yD;awmh w±kwfjynfxJusawmh
w±kwftrsdK;om;awGeJ@ ay;pm;zkd@ a&mif;pm;jcif;
cHcJh&w,f?” jyefvGwfvmol trsKd;orD;awG&J@
aqGrsKd;xJu Oya'em;vnfolu ta&;,lEdkifwJh
Oya'twd kif;tqudk &Sif ;vif; +yD;wJhaemuf
w±kwftrsKd;om;awGu pdk;&drf+yD; jyefxnfhvdkuf
wmvdk@ qdkygw,f? oufqdkif&m &Jpcef;awGudk
qufoG,fzdk@ óud;pm;ayr,hf r&ygbl;? w±kwf
EdkifiHu rESpfu jrefrmEdkifiHudk vlukeful;cH&ol
okH;&mausmf jyefydk@cJhygw,f// xdkif;tajcpdkuf
ucsiftrsKd;orD;tpnf;t±Hk; (au'AvsLat
wD) ajymcGihf&ol *sLvD,mu ucsifjynfe,fwGif;
avhvmcsuft&qdk&if vlukeful;cH&+yD; jyefvGwf
vmolawGxJu w&mrSmajcmufq,favmuf
[m tvdkrwlyJ tdrfaxmifðy&wJh trsKd;orD;
awGjzpfw,fvdk@ajymqdk+yD; vlukeful;r_avsmh
enf;yaysmufa&;twGuf t&if;cHjy\emudk
udk,fwG,f ajz&Sif;&r,fvdk@ ajymqdkygw,f?
“'Dvlukeful;r_qkdwm jy\em t&if;
tjrpfudk jyef=unfhvdkufr,fqkd&if wkdif;jynf&J@
EkdifiHa&;tajctae t&rf;qkd;0g;aew,f/ pD;yGm;
a&;usqif;aew,f/ qif;&J iwfrGwfr_awG jzpf
aew,f? tJ'D[mawGudk t&ifajz&Sif;rS 'Dvl
ukeful;r_ jy\em xda&mufpGm ajz&S if;Ek difrSmav?
tJawmh ajymcsifwm jy\em&J@ t&if;tjrpf
udk udkifwG,f ajz&Sif;zdk@u eHygwfwpfvkd@ ajymcsif
ygw,f?” jrefrmEkdifiH[m ukvor*~vlukeful;r_
13
wdkufzsufa&;qkdif&m aemufqufwGJpmcsKyf/
vlarSmifcdkr_ wdkufzsufa&;qdkif&m aemufqufwGJ
pmcsKyftzGJ@0if EkdifiHtjzpf 2004 ckESpfqef;ydkif;
uwnf;u vufrSwfxkd;xm;ovdk vlukeful;r_
wdkufzsufa&; Oya'yg jyÏmef;xm;ygw,f?
+yD;cJhwJh ZGefvukefykdif;u rauG;wdkif;
OD;0if;wifESifh pum;ajymjcif;
OD;opfqif;? ? [kwfuJhcifAsm? tck
wifqufr,fh tpDtpOfuawmh OD;0if;wifESifh
pum;ajymjcif; tywfpOfu¾yg? tckwywf
'DtpDtpOfrSm xdkif;EkdifiH wae&mrSm&SdwJh vl@
abmifopf' Drdku&ufwpfy gwD acgif;aqmif
wpfOD;jzpfwJh udkaiGvif;u (NLD)&JΠvuf&Sd&yf
wnfcsufeJ@ ywfouf+yD; (RFA) w,fvDzkef;
vkdif;ay:uae+yD;awmhrSwqifh OD;0if;wifeJ@
wdkuf¶dkufqufoG,f pum;ajym=um;cJhwmudk
em;qif&rSmyg? 'DtpDtpOfudk OD;cifarmifpdk;u
wm0ef,lwifqufwmjzpfygw,f?
OD;cifarmifpdk;? ? [kwfuJhudkaiGvif;a&vdkif;
ay:rSm q&mOD;0if;wif &Sdygw,f? ajymyg ?
OD;aiGvif;? ? q&m OD;0if;wifcifAs ?
OD;0if;wif? ? [kwfuJhcifAs? ajymyg ?
OD; aiG vif ;? ? usaemf u vl @ abmif opf
'Drdku&ufwpfygwDu udkaiGvif;yg? q&mwdk@
tJh'D (88§89) avmufu q&mwdk@XmecsKyf¶Hk;udk
usaemfwdk@ r=umc%qdkovdk a&mufygw,f?
OD;0if;wif? ? [kwfuJhcifAs ?
OD;aiGvif;? ? tJh'Dwkef;uwnf;u q&mwdk@
14 ppftm%m&Sifpepf usqHk;a&;twGuf pnf;vHk;-u/ nD!Gwf-u/ xºuG-u?
acsmufòrdŒe,frSm touf (16)ESpf rjynhfao;wJh
trsKd;orD;wOD;wOD;udk w±kwfjynfbufrSm ,Grf
aiG&SpfaxmifeJ@ a&mif;pm;&mrSmusL;vGefolawG
udk vlukeful;Oya'yk'frt& axmif'%f (15)
ESpf csrSwfwJhtr_wckjzpfcJhygw,f?
ÑÑÑ
(pDpOfol - OD;cifarmifpdk;)
ygwDudk usaemf wdk@u twwfEdkifqHk;0ef;&Haxmuf
cH+yD;awmhrS aqmif ¶GufcJhwJhtpOftvm &Sdygw,f?
tckvnf;yJ q&mwdk@ 'Da¶$*Hkwkdifa=unmcsuf
tay:rSm&yfcH+yD;awmhrS q&mwdk@taotcsmyJ
vlxkudkrsufESmrlwJh tvkyfawG/ vlxkEdkifiHa&;
vkyfief;awGaqmif¶GufaewJhOpPmudk usaemfwdk@
trsm;}uD;tm;&ygw,fq&m? tJh'D OpPmudk
vnf;E_wfquf&if;eJ@ q&meJ@pum;ajymcsifvdk@
vSrf;+yD;E_wfqufwmygq&m?
OD;0if;wif? ? [kwfuJh aumif;ygw,fAsm?
udkaiGvif;a& cifAsm;ajymqdkaewmawGvnf;
usaemfwdk@rD'D,mawGrSm awGŒaeygw,f? tJh'D
cif Asm;wdk@u 'D (88) ausmif;om;awG / tJh 'Dtcsf de
wkef;u vl i,fawG ayghAsm? aemuf+yD;awmh Edk ifiHa&;
vkyfoGm;wJh vl@abmifwdk@bmwdk@qdkwJh vli,f
awGeJ@ (NLD)udk 0ef;&HcJhwJh[mawGjyefajym
awmh 'gawGudkusaemfwdk@rarhygbl;? 'D[mawG
twGufvnf; usaemfwdk@ tJh'Dtcsdefwkef;u
wnf;u ausmif;om;vli,fawG&JΠtiftm;
awGudk tm;udk;wmawG usaemfwdk@trsm;}uD;
&SdcJhygw,f? usaemfwdk@tJh'gawGudk aemufydkif;
usawmh usaemfwdk@enf;enf;ajymwmayghAsm?
 usaemf t ck a vmavmq,f a jym
csifwmu bmvJqdkawmh usaemfwdk@'D&ufydkif;
tawmtwGif;rSm tJh'DcifAsm;wdk@ ausmif;om;
vli,fawG txl;ojzifh tusOf;axmifxJudk
a&mufaewJh ausmif;om;vli,facgif;aqmif
awG&JŒtdrfawGudk usaemfwdk@ (NLD)u OuUÏ
OD;wifOD;eJ@twlayghAsm usaemfwdk@ trsKd;orD;
acgif;aqmifawG/ aemuf+yD;awmh usaemfwdk@
(NLD)u vli,facgif;aqmifawG oGm;a&muf
+yD;awmh E_wfqufaew,f? arwWmvufaqmif
awG usaemfwdk@ay;=uw,f? trSwfw&&Sdjcif;
awG ud k ajymw,f ? aus;Zl ; pum;awG u d k
ajym=uygw,f? tJh'D[mawG tckusaemfwdk@
vkyfaeygw,f? tJh'DvkyfaewJhtcsdefqdkawmh
cif Asm;ajymwJ hpum;twd k if;yJ [d ktcsdefuwnf
u;
cifAsm;wdk@vnf; (NLD)wdk@ bmwdk@0ef;&Hvm
wm usaemfwdk@uvnf; 'Dausmif;om;vli,f
rsm;&JŒ aus;Zl;awG/ ausmif;om;vli,frsm;&JŒ
*k%fowWdawG/ tm;rmefawGudk usaemfwdk@
tav;xm;cJhw,fqdkwmudk usaemfwdk@u tJh'D
(88) umvwkef;uwifrubJeJ@ 'Duae@txd
vnf; quf+yD;awmh 'Doabmxm;awGudk xm;
aew,f qd k wmud k tck usaemf wdk @ 'D OuU Ï
OD;wifOD;&JŒoGm;a&muf+yD; aus;Zl;wifpum;awG
ajymaewmu oufaocHaeygw,fAsm? tJh'g
vnf;cifAsm;wdk@ owdxm;rdr,fvdk@ usaemfwdk@
,lqygw,f?
OD;aiGvif;? ? [kwfuJhygq&m? q&mwdk@
tusOf;om;tdrfawGudk vdkuf+yD;awmhrS/ vdkuf+yD;
tm;ay;aewm/ awGŒqHkE_wfqufay;aewm
apmapmuq&majymovdkyJ txJu usaemf
xGufaygufudkr&SmbJ azmufxGuf-u ?
wdk@&JΠvkyfazmfudkifzuf nDtpfudkarmifESrawG
udk vdkuf+yD;tm;ay;aewmu 'Duae@tajc
tae}uD;udk tjyeftvSef0ef;&H axmufcHae
=uw,fvdk@ usaemfwdk@atmufarhygw,fq&m?
tJh'Dawmhq&m tJh'DvdkoGm;wJhtcsdefusawmh
'DtusOf;usrdom;pkawG&JΠpdwftcHeJ@ pdwf"mwf
cHpm;r_awG b,fvdkwkef@jyefr_awG awGŒ&ovJ
q&m?
OD;0if;wif? ? usaemfuawmh b,fvdkajym
csifovJqdkawmh tm;vHk;uvnf; 0rf;om=u
w,fAsm? olwdk@&JΠwkef@jyefr_awGuvnf ;tvGf e
aumif;ygw,f? bmjzpfvdk@vJqdkawmh Oyrm
qdkygawmh 'Duae@ aom=umae@rSm usaemfwdk@
a':oufoufatmifwdk@/ a':pef;pef;wifwdk@ tdrf
awGa&mufwJhtcgusawmh tJh'Durdom;0if
awG&JŒ wufºuGr_u usaemf OD;wif OD;&JŒ pum;av;
udk udk;um;ajym&vdk@&Sd&if uJwJh usaemfwdk@ vm
wJh[mu cifAsm;wdk@udktm;ay;zdk@vmwmyJwJh?
'gayr,fhcifAsm;wdk@uae usaemfwdk@udk jyef+yD;
awmh tm;ay;vdkufovdkjzpfygw,fwJh? tJh'D
twGuf usaemfwdk@trsm;}uD;a&SŒquf+yD;awmh
vkyf&r,f h vkyfief;awGtwG uf tm;wufygw,f
qd kwJ h pum;uav;udka jymcJh w,f As? tJh 'D
oabmyJAs? cifAsm;&JŒar;cGef;eJ@ ywfouf+yD;
awmh usaemfajz&&if awmh OD;wifOD;pum;
twdkif;yJ ajz&rSmyJ? usaemfwdk@awGoGm;+yD;awmh
rdom;pk0ifawGudk oGm;awGŒwJhtcgrSm tm;vHk;
vdkvkdayghAsm 'Da':oufoufatmifwdk@tdrfwdk@/
a':pef;pef;wifwdk@tdrfwdk@ tvm;wlpGmyJ tdrf
wdkif;vdkvdkrSm 'Drdom;pk awG&JŒwkef@jyefcsufawG
[m usaemfwdk@u tm;oGm;ay;w,fqdkwJh
pmrsufESm(18) odk@â
15
 w¶kwfEkdifiH a&v$rf;rkd;r+ tenf;qkH; vl (17)OD; ao
w¶kwfEkdifiH taemufawmifydkif;rSm rdk;tjyif;txef &GmoGef;wma=umifh vl (17)a,muf
aoqHk;+yD; (44)a,mufxufrenf; aysmufqHk;aew,fvkd@ w¶kwfwm0ef&SdolawGu t*F gae@rSm
ajymvdkufygw,f? aZmifawmif; (Zhaotong) òrdŒawmfu òrdŒe,fwckrSm nbuf}uD; awmifòyduswJh
twGuf vl (4) a,muf aoqHk;+yD; (42)a,muf aysmufqHk;aew,fvdk@ tm%mydkifawGu ajymyg
w,f? vl (11) a,mufxufrenf; '%f&m&cJh+yD; (2)a,mufu pdk;&drf&w,fvdk@ jynfe,f tpdk;&u
ajymygw,f? tdrfeD;csif; pDc|rf (Sichuan) jynfe,fu ,ef'kdif (Yandai) &GmrSm vl (7)a,muf ao
qHk;+yD; (1)a,muf aysmufaew,fvdk@ tpdk;&tmabmf qif[Gmowif;Xmeu ajymygw,f? qDrm
&GmrSmawmh tavmif; (7)ckudk u,fq,fa&; vkyfom;awGu &SmawGŒcJh+yD; aemufwa,mufudk
quf&Smaew,fvdk@ ajymygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ
,l*ef'grSm urBmhzvm;yGJ -u!hfaeolawG AHk;cGJ wdkufcdkufcH&
,l*ef'gEkdifiHòrdŒawmf urfygvm (Kampala)u ae&m(2)ckrSm urBmhzvm;abmvkH; Akdvf
vkyJG pka0;=unhf¶_ae=uwJhtcsdef AkH;cJGwkdufckdufr_awG jzpfyGm;cJhvkd@ vlaygif; (64)a,mufxufrenf ;
aoqk H;cJh wJh udpP&JΠaemuf uG,frSm qk drmvD tpG ef;a&muf tk yfpkwckjzpf wJh t,f vf-&Smbyf bf
(al-Shabab)
yg0ifw,fvkd@ tpkd;&wm0ef&SdolawGu oHo,&Sdae=uygw,f? wkdufckdufr_eJ@ ywfoufvkd@ EkdifiH
wumacgif;aqmifawGu ¶_wfcscJh=uovkd t,fvf-&SmbyfbfeJ@ wjcm;ppfaoG;ºuGtkyfpkawGukd
wkdufckdufaewJh ,l*ef'g tpkd;&ukd axmufcHr_ay;oGm;r,fhta=umif; uwdðyajymqkdvkduf =uwmyg?
{&mr ¶kyfjrifoH=um;}uD;awGrSm jyoaewJh urBmhzvm;yJGukd =unhfae=u&m abmvkH;uGif;rSm ayguf
uJGr_jzpfcJh&mrSmawmh vlaygif; (49)a,muf aoqkH;cJha=umif;vnf; tpkd;&uajymygw,f? EkdifiH
jcm;om;awGeJ@ pnfum;&mae&mu tDoD,kd;yD;,m; pm;aomufqkdifu aygufuJGr_rSmawmh vlaygif;
(15)a,muf aoqkH;cJhwmyg? Ñ Ñ Ñ
xdkif;tm%m&ygwD zsufodrf;a&; tpdk;& a&SŒaetzGJŒ awmif;qdk
xkdif;EkdifiH&JΠvuf&Sdtm%m&ygwDukd zsufodrf;zkd@eJ@ ygwDacgif;aqmifawGudk EkdifiHa&;
vkyfaqmifcGihf (5)ESpf ydwfyifzdk@twGuf xdkif;zGJŒpnf;ykH tajccHOya'qkdif&mw&m;¶kH;udk tpkd;& a&SŒ
aeawGu awmif;qkdvkdufygw,f? wu,fvdk@ 'Da&SŒaeawG&JŒ awmif;qkdr_udk w&m;¶kH;u oabmwl
cJh&if vuf&Sd0ef}uD;csKyf tbDqpf 0dwfcsmcsD0(Abhisit Vejjajiva) [m vlxkqENjyr_a=umifh w&m;¶kH;
u tm%m¶kyfodrf;wmcHcJh&wJh wwd,ajrmuf 0ef}uD;csKyfjzpfvmrSmyg? 'gayrJh ol@t&if 0ef}uD;csKyf
16 'Drdkua&pDpepfqdkwm vlwdkif;wa,mufeJ‹wa,muf av;pm;wJhpepfygyJ?
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Shinawatra) &JŒvl r[kwfbJ twkduftcH jzpfaewJhtcsufyg? tpdk;&a&SŒaeawG wifoGif;wJh pmrsuf
ESm (1˜000)avmufygwJh pmwrf;xJrSm rpPwm tbDqpf&JŒ 'Drkdu&ufwpfygwD[m 2005 ckESpfrSm
bdvyfajr ukr`%Dwckuae tvªaiG bwfoef;aygif; (250)ausmfeJ@nDwJh tar&duefa':vm
(8˜000˜000)udk v#KdŒ0Suf wdwfwqdwf&,lcJhw,fvdk@ pGyfpGJxm;ygw,f? 'Drkdu&ufwpfygwDukd
zsufodrf;zkd@eJ@ ygwDacgif;aqmif av;ig;q,fudk EkdifiHa&;vkyfcGifh (5)ESpf ydwfyifzkd@vnf; a&SŒaeawGu
awmif;qkdygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ
aysmufaewJh tD&ef EsLuvD;,m; odyH̀ynm&SifawGŒ_yD
aysmufaew,fvkd@ tD&efuajymaewJh EsLuvD;,m;qdkif&m odyH̀ynm&Sif wa,muf[m
0g&Sifwef'DpDòrdŒawmfrSm&SdwJh ygupPwefoH¶Hk;u tD&efa&;&mXmeudk a&mufvmchJygw,f? odyH`ynm&Sif
&Sm&rf tmrD&D (Shahram Amiri) ukd tD&efEdkifiHjyefydk@zdk@ tD&efwm0ef&SdolawGu pDpOfae=uw,fvkd@
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zrf;qD;ac:aqmif r_[m tar&d uef twGuf oduQmusp&mjzpf w,f vdk@ tmrD&Du ol wdk@ owif;axmuf
wa,mufudk zkef;ay:uaeajymcJhw,fvdk@ tD&eftpdk;& ¶kyfoHuqdkygw,f? ar;jref;cef;rSm tmrD&Du
ol b,fvdk ygupPwefoH¶Hk;qD a&mufvmw,fqdkwmudkawmh ajymqdkjcif;r&Sdygbl;? Ñ Ñ Ñ
*syeftm%m&ygwD v$wfawmf a&G;aumufyJGrSm ta&;edrfh
*syefEkdifiHrSm 'Duae@ usif;ywJh txufv$wfawmf a&G;aumufyGJawGrSm rJ¶HkxGufaumuf
,lwJh ppfwrf;awGt& 0ef}uD;csKyfopf emtkdwkd cef; (Naoto Kan)&JŒ tm%m&!Gef@aygif;tzGJŒ
taeeJ@ v$wfawmfwGif;rSm trwfae&m trsm;pk &xm;wmudk qHk;¶H_;&awmhrSm jzpfygw,f? *syef
'Drkdu&ufwpfygwD (DPJ) [m olwdk@cef@rSef;xm;wJh trwfae&m ta&twGuf (54)ae&mxuf
avsmh+yD; trwfae&m (50)atmufudkyJ tEkdif&r,fvkd@ *syef owif;rD'D,mawGu aumuf,lwJh
ppfwrf;awGuae cef@rSef;xm;ygw,f? a&G;aumufyGJ aemufqHk;&v'fawGudk od&r,fvdk@ ar#mfvihf
xm;=uygw,f? tckxGufxm;wJh cef@rSef;csufawG twnfjzpfr,fqdk&ifawmh tm%m&!Gef@
aygif;tzGJŒ[m trwfae&m (242)ae&m&dSwJh txufv$wfawmfrSm vlOD;a&trsm;pk &xm;wmudk
vufv$wf&awmhrSmyg? Ñ Ñ Ñ
awmifudk;&D;,m; ppfoabFmepfðryfr+vH+òcHa&;aumifpD ¶+wfcs
ukvor*~ vHkòcHa&; aumifpDuae awmifudk&D;,m; ppfoabFm wkdufcdkufcHcJh&r_eJ@ ywf
ouf+yD; ¶_wfcsvdkufwmudk ajrmufudk&D;,m;EkdifiHuóudqdkvkdufygw,f? 'D qHk;jzwfcsufu ppfoabFm
wkdufckdufr_udk ¶_wfcsvdkufayrJh ajrmufudk&D;,m;EdkifiHtay: wdkuf¶dkuftjypfwifwmawGawmh azmfjy
xm;jcif ;r&Sd ygbl;? vHkòcHa&;aumif pD&JŒ a=unmcsuf[m olwdk@twGufoHwrefa&;&m r[matmif GJ jzpfy
w,fvdk@ ajrmufudk&D;,m; oHtrwf}uD; qifqef[kd (Sin SonHo)u ajymvkdufygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ
vmrnfhab; ajy;awGΠ17
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oabmxuf olwdk@uae jyef+yD;awmh usaemf jzpfwJhtwGuf usaemfwkd@uvnf; trsm;}uD;udk
wdk@ukd tm;ay;vdkufw,f? quf+yD;awmh EdkifiH tm;wuf&w,fAsm? trSeftwdkif;ajym&&if
a&; vkyfief;awGvkyfyg? rSefuefwJhEdkifiHa&;&yf usaemfwkd@&JΠ'D qHk;jzwfcsufuvnf; jrefrmjynf
wnfcsufawGtay:rSm &yfygvdk@ usaemfwdk@udk &JΠEdkifiHa&;ordkif;rSm tvGefta&;}uD;wJh tcsKd;
jyef+yD;awmh tm;ay;vdkufovdkawmifjzpfyg tauGŒ}uD;jzpfygw,f?
w,fvkd@ usaemfajymcsifygw,f? usaemfwkd@bufu=unfhr,fqdk&if
OD;aiGvif;? ? usaemf,Hk=unfygw,fq&m? NLD bufu=unfhr,fqkdvnf; 'gtvGefudk
'D txJxJu usaemfwdk@ EdkifiHa&;,Hk=unfcsufeJ@ }uD;rm;wJh pGef@v$wfr_ayghAsm? usaemfwkd@&JΠygwD
tusOf;uscHae&wJh usaemfwdk@ nDtpfudkarmif vkyfief;awG ygwDtaeeJ@ w&m;0if&yfwnfr_
ES rawGtukefvHk;u b,f awmhrS olwdk@&JŒ,Hk =unf awG 'gawGudk usaemfwkd@pGef@+yD;awmh EdkifiHa&;
r_udkpGef@v$wf=urSmr[kwfbl;? b,favmuf usifh0wfeJ@tnD usaemfwkd@ rSefuefwJhqHk; jzwf
txd 'kuQ}uD;}uD; olwdk@quf+yD;awmhrS wu,fh csufawGcsvdkufwm aemuf+yD;awmh 'g[mbm
'D,Hk=unfcsuftay:rSm &yfcH=ur,f? aemuf+yD; vJqdk&if jynfolvlxktay:rSm opPmrazmuf
awmhrS wòydifeufwnf;rSm q&mwkd@tjyifu wm jynfolvlxkudk ausmrcdkif;wmqdkwm jyyg
&J&J0Hh0HheJ@ 'Dvlxkta&SŒuae+yD;awmhrS OD;aqmif w,f? wenf;tm;jzifhqdkvkd@&Sd&ifvnf; 'Da¶G;
vrf;jyaewmawGukdvnf; olwkd@ tpOft+rJ aumufyGJudk r0ifjcif;tm;jzifh usaemfwkd@[m
axmufcH0ef;&Haevdrhfr,fvk@d usaemftJ'Dvdk 2008 ppftajccHOya'}uD; w&m;0ifvkyfay;
atmufarhygw,f q&m? r,fhvrf;a=umif;ay:rSm vufajr‡muf'l;axmuf
OD;0if;wif? ? usaemfaemufqHk;=um;&wJh tm;vsm;arSmuf+yD;awmh taygufudk0if+yD;
Message av;wpfckayghAsm? b,fol@qDub,f awmh wdk;wmrvkyfbJeJ@ jynfoludkopPmcHwJh
0hgqDu&,fvkd@awmh twdtus ajymzkd@awmhr oabmw&m;eJ@ usaemfwkd@&yfwnfjcif;jzpf
vG,fbl;aygh? rajymvnf;rajymcsifygbl;us w,fqkdwmudk ausmif;om;vli,fawGqDu
aemfwkd@ bmpum;vnf;qdkvkd@&Sd&if tck NLD ae+yD;awmh 'Dvkdpum;rsKd;ukd jyef+yD;awmh &wJh
[mtcka emuf qH k;a¶G ;aumuf yGJ ud k r0if zk d@ tcgusawmh usaemfwkd@trsm;}uD;tm;wuf
twGuf rwfv (29) &ufae@u qHk;jzwfvdkufwJh ygw,f? usaemftJ'DvdkyJajymcsifygw,f?
qHk;jzwfcsufudk axmifxJrSm&SdwJh vlawGtm;vHk; udkaiGvif;? ? aocsmygw,fq&m tJ'D
uae+yD;awmh 'gudkaxmufcHw,f? *k%f,lw,f OpP mu/ tusOf ; axmif a wG xJ uyJ j zpf j zpf
0rf;om;w,fqdkwJh pum;awG usaemf tdrfwdkif; usaemfwkd@tusOf;axmifjyifyaygh q&mhpum;
vdkvkdrSm tenf;eJ@trsm;ayghAsm =um;cJh&wJh eJ@ ajym&r,fqdkvkd@&Sd&ifawmh axmiftus,fxJ
pum;jzpfygw,f? usaemfwkd@udk rdom;pkawG&JΠuayghaemf 'DjrefrmjynfweHwvsm;uvlawG
wuf ºuGr_awG a=umifhom tm;wuf&wmr[kwf yJjzpfjzpf aemufusaemfwkd@vdk tjyifbufrSm
18 etz 2010 udk [efcsufnDnD wdkufzsuf-u?
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tm;vHk;twGuf tm;jzpfoGm;apwJh qHk;jzwf
csufvnf;jzpfovdk aemufNLD &JΠ*k%foduQm
NLD&JΠEdkifiHa&;wefzdk;vnf; ydkrdk+yD;}uD;oGm;ap
w,fvkd@ usaemfwkd@ jrifygw,fq&m? tJ'D OpPm
udk usaemfwkd@ tºuGif;rJhaxmufcHygw,f?
tJ 'D aemufy kd if ;rSm wqufwnf ;
q&m;wkd@tm;vHk; vlxkudkvrf;!$efay;aewJh
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uae+yD;awmhrS ygwD0ifawGujzpfap vlxku
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avmuf rdwfqufay;ygvm;q&m?
OD;0if;wif? ? tJ'D[mvnf; ta&;}uD;yg
w,f A sm? bmjzpfvk d@ ta&;}uD ; vJ qdk a wmh
ckeuajymovdkaygh 'D rwfv (29) &ufae@NLD
&JΠqHk;jzwfcsufu jrefrmjynfEdkifiHa&;ordkif;rSm
tvGefudkta&;ygwJh qHk;jzwfcsuf}uD;wpfck jzpf
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todtrSwfðy=uygw,f? txl;ojzifhuawmh
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awG/ atmufajcrSm&SdwJh vlxkawGeJ@oGm;a&muf
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olwkd@&JŒaxmufcHr_awG[m ydk+yD;awmhxif&Sm;
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avmuf jrifhrm;w,fqdkwmudk usaemfwkd@awGŒ
&wJhtcgusawmh trsm;}uD;tm;wufygw,f?
trS efwdkif;ajymjy&&if usaemfwdk@vnf;
axmifxJae=uayghAsm? wcgwav usawmh
ppftm%m&Sifpepf usqHk;a&;twGuf pnf;vHk;-u/ nD!Gwf-u/ xºuG-u?
odwJhtwdk if;yJ jynfolvlxkeJ@ usaemfutqu f
awG ujywf? tJvdktcgrsdK;rS m usaemfwkd@rSm tm;
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usaemfwdk@rSm 0if0ifoGm;w,fAs? jynfolvlxk
[m jrefrmjynfEdkifiHa&;rSm pdwfrS0ifpm;ao;&JŒ
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awG/ wcgwav usaemfwdk@acgif;xJrSm 0ifw,f
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(29)&ufae@ qHk;jzwfcsufudk rSefw,fvdk@wcJ
euf ajym=uw,f? (2) uawmh bmvJqdkawmh
jynfolvlxkubmyJ ajymaeaeNLD a¶G;aumuf
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qHk;jzwfjcif;/ tJ'Duaewqifh 'D (2008) ppf
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jynfolvlxku 'g oabmayguf+yD;awmh bm
jzpfvJqdkawmh NLD r&Sdvnf; NLD vkyfovdk
vkyfr,fqdkwJh oabmxm;awGuawmh ay:
w,f? wu,fvkyfEdkifjcif;/ rvkyfEkdifjcif;uawmh
wpfydkif;ayghAsm?
jynfolvlxk&JΠwef@jyefcsufuawmh
t"du wkef@jyefcsufuawmh bmvJqdkawmh
'Da¶G;aumufyGJudk NLD u ausmcdkif;ovdkyJ/
jynfolvlxkuvnf ; ausmcdkif;r,fqdkwJhoabm
xm;udk azmfxkwf=ujcif;jzpfygw,f? 'gtvGef
ta&;}uD;wJh qHk;jzwfcsuf/ jynfolvlxk&JΠazmf
jycsufESpfckjzpfw,fvdk@ usaemf ajymcsifygw,f?
odk@r[kwfvkd@&Sd&ifvnf; jrefrmjynfolvlxk&JŒ
19
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jyw,fvdk@ usaemftJvdkyJ ajymjycsifyg w,fAsm?
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&&if Bright In Tunnel qdkwJh pum;&Sdygw,f?
20 etz 2010 udk [efcsufnDnD wdkufzsuf-u?
Orifv_d%facgif ;xJu tvif ;a&mifaygh Asm
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usaemfwdk@[m 'Dae@ NLDu xGuf
oGm;wJhvlawG&JΠpum;toHk; tE_ef;eJ@ajym&&if
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wdk@uawmh tJ'DtwGuf ta&;r}uD;bl;? olwdk@
ajymwJh olwdk@ Oya'vrf;a=umif;ay:qdkwm
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ay:rSm&Sdwm? usaemfwdk@uawmh ppftajccH
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awmh Orifv_d%facgif;xJrSm tvif;a&mifawGŒ
w,fqdkuwnf;udku Orifv_d%facgif;u ydwf
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bmawGvkyfrvJqdkwmudk usaemfwdk@ pOf;pm;
wJhtcgrSm usaemfwdk@ 'Dae@ NLD vkyfaewm
[m yxrOD;qHk; usaemfwdk@ vkyfwm bmvJqdk
awmh usaemfwdk@[m b,favmufyJ ppftpdk ;&u
ae+yD;awmh usaemfwdk@u aoapcsifaeae ab;
a&muf apcsifaeae? usaemf wdk@u ab;ud kra&muf
bl;? usaemfwdk@[m raobl;? usaemfwdk@[m
EdkifiHa&;tm;jzifh 0wfvpfpm;vpfjzpfraebl;?
Politically Naked r[kwfbl;? usaemfwdk@u a&SŒ
rSm aumif;aumif;vrf;}uD;u ajzmifhajzmifh
wef;wef;&Sdw,fvdk@ usaemfajymcsifygw,f?
tJ'gawGu ckeudkaiGvif;ar;wJh pum;xJuygwJh
usaemfwdk@ bmvkyfoGm;rvJqdkwmudk jywmyg
yJ? 'D usaemf ajymwJhpum;awGrSmawmh usaemf
wdk@ bmawG vkyfr,f? a&SŒrSm bmawG &Sdw,fqdk
wmud kjyw,fvdk@ usaemf ajymcsifygw,f? aus;Zl;
{nfhEdkifiHom;ESifh EdkifiHom;uwfrsm; w¶kwfvlrsKd;rsm;udk xkwfay;
ucsifjynfe,f/ rdk;aumif;òrdŒe,f wGif w¶kwfvlrsKd;rsm;tm; {nfhEdkifiHom;uwf
twGif;&dS w¶kwfvlrsdK;rsm;tm; 2010 a&G;
aumufyJGwGif rJxnfhEdkifcGifh&&dS&ef {nfhEdkifiHom;
ESifh EdkifiHom;ðycGifh&uwfrsm;udk jynfaxmifpk}uHh
cdkifa&;ESifhzGH@òzd;a&;ygwDu rJqG,fonfhtaejzifh
ðyvkyfay;aeygw,f?
}uH hz G H@ A[d ka cgif; aqmif wOD ;vnf ;
jzpfol jynfxJa&; 'k-0ef}uD; OD;bkef;aqG.
aqG;rsKd;awmfpyfol rdk;aumif;òrdŒ/ eef@&if;&yf
uGuf&dS aetdrfwckwGif w¶kwfvlrsKd;rsm;tm;
ðyvkyfay;aea=umif; rdk;aumif;òrdŒcHwOD;uajymyg
w,f? ‚if;u “FRC (Foreigner Registration
Certificate) udk ifxm;wJh jrefrmjynfayguf w¶kwf
awGudk vkyfay;wm? tcku 'kwd,t}udrfvkyf
wmaygh? yxrw}udrfwkef;u azmifjznfh+yD;wJh
olawGu {nfhEdkifiHom;uwfwdk@/ EdkifiHom;uwf
awG&+yD/ w¶kwfawGu trsm;}uD;&dSwm/ touf
(18) ESpfjynfh+yD; rJxnfhEdkifwJh w¶kwfawG &mcsD/
axmifcsD&dSw,f? tJ'D rJawG }uHhzGH@&Edkifwmaygh”
[k ajymygw,f? ,ckESpf {+yDvtwGif;uvnf;
rdk;aumif;òrdŒ/ eef@&if;&yfuGuf&dS tqdkygaetdrf
pnf;urf;&Sd-u/ pnf;vHk;-u/ nD!Gwf-u = etz 2010 udk wdkufzsuf-u ?
wifygw,f?
OD;aiGvif;? ? tckvdk &Sif;jywm aus;Zl;wif
ygw,fq&m? tm;vHk;usef;rma&;udk *¶kpdkuf=u
ygq&m? tm;vHk; usef;usef;rmrmeJ@ EdkifiHhwm
0efawGudk quf+yD;xrf;aqmifEdkif=uygapvdk@
usaemfwdk@ tav;eufudkyJ qk awmif ;ay;ygw,f
q&m?
ÑÑÑ
Nej, July 15, 2010
ESifh EdkifiHom;uwfrsm; xkwfay;&eftwGuf udk,f
a&;tcsuftvuftygt0if rdom;pk/ aqGrsKd;
om;csif;wdk@. tcsuftvufazmifrsm; aumuf
,lcJh+yD;jzpfygw,f? xdktcsdefu azmifrsm;ukef
oGm;ojzifh rvkyfvdkuf&bJ usefaeonfholrsm;
tm; ,ck ðyvkyfay;aejcif;jzpfa=umif; rdk;aumif;
òrdŒcHwOD;u ajymygw,f?
jrefrmjynfayguf w¶kwfrsm;onf
FRC vufrSwfrsm; udkifaqmifcGifh&+yD; EdkifiHawmf
odk@ ESpfpOftcGefaqmifae&ygw,f? ‚if;wkd@onf
rqvacwf rJ qENay;yJGrsm;ESifh 1990 a&G;
aumufyJGwdk@wGif rJay;ydkifcGifhr&dScJhbJ ,ck 2010
ckESpf a&G;aumufyJGtwGuf rJay;Edkifonfh tcGifh
ta&;&&dSvmjcif;jzpfa=umif; jrpf}uD;em;òrdŒcH
w¶kwftrsKd;om;wOD;u ajymygw,f? etz.
a&G;aumufyJGqdkif&m EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHkwif
jcif;Oya'wGif {nfhEdkifiHom;/ EdkifiHom;ðycGifh&ol
odk@r[kwf ,m,DoufaocHvufrSwfrsm;&dSv#if
ygwDaxmif+yD; a&G;aumufyJG0ifcGifh&dSa=umif;
jyÏmef;xm;ygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ
21
 ppftpdk;&tay: ydwfqdkŒ ta&;,lr+ wESpfwdk;&ef twnfðy
ppftpdk;&tay:xm;&Sdonfh pD;yGm; n$ef=um;a&;rª;jzpfol udkatmif'ifu “tar&d
a&;ydwfqdk@ ta&;,lr_rsm;udk wESpfoufwrf;
xyfrHwdk;jr‡ifh&ef tar&duef atmufv$wfawmf
rS twnfðyvdkufa=umif; od&dS&ygw,f?
jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; EdkifiHa&;ajymif;vJ
r_rsm; wdk;wufvmr_r&Sdonfhtjyif vl@tcGifh
ta&; csdK;azmufr_rsm;vnf; ydkrdkqdk;&Gm;vm
ojzifh ,ckuJhodk@ pD;yGm;a&; ydwfqdk@ta&;,lr_
oufwrf;udk xyfrHwdk;jr‡ifh&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufjcif;
jzpfa=umif; atmufv$wfawmftrwfrsm;u
ajymvdkufygw,f? tar&duef EkdifiHjcm;a&;Xme
. jynfol@a&;&mXme t}uD;tuJ rpPwm yDa*s
ca&mfavu atmufv$wfawmftrwfrsm;.
rJcGJqHk;jzwfr_udk tar&dueforRw tdkbm;rm;
xHodk@ vufrSwfxdk;ay;ydk@rnfjzpfygw,f? rpPwm
tdkbm;rm; vufrSwfxdk;+yD;rSom jrefrmEdkifiH
tay: xyfrHwdk;jr‡ifhrnfh pD;yGm;a&; ydwfqdk@ta&;
,lr_w&m;0ifjzpfvmrnf jzpfygw,f? tar&d uef
EkdifiHjcm;a&;Xme. jynfol@a&;&mXme t}uD;
tuJjzpfol rpPwm yDa*sca&mfavu “jrefrm
EdkifiHu tajctaeawG[m tckqdk&if qdk;onf
xuf qdk;aeyg+yD? 'ga=umifh tcktcsdef[m jrefrm
EdkifiHtay: zdtm;awGudkwdk;zdk@ tcsdefusa&muf
vmyg+yD”[k owif;axmufrsm;udk ajymyg
w,f? ,ckuJhodk@ ppftpdk;&tay: pD;yGm;a&;ydwf
qdk@ta&;,lr_ oufwrf;wdk;jr‡ifhvdkufjcif;udk
tar&dueftajcpdkuf US Campaign for Burma
u axmufcHóudqdkvdkufa=umif;vnf; od&yg
w,f?
US Campaign for Burma tzG J@.
22 rwlwm c%z,f/ wlwmawGeJ‹ pkpnf;/ bHk&efoludk rsufajcrjywfapeJ‹
Irrawaddy, July 15, 2010
uefatmufv$wfawmf[m olwdk@&JΠppftpdk;&
tay:xm;&SdwJh oabmxm;udk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;
xkwfazmfvdkufjcif; jzpfygw,f? ppftpdk;&tae
eJ@ a':atmifqef;pk=unftygt0if EdkifiHa&;
tusOf;om;awG udk rv$ wfay;ao;oa&G Πtwd ku f
tcHawGeJ@ awG@qHkaqG;aEG;r_awG rvkyfoa&GŒ
awmh tar&duefEdkifiH[m olwdk@&JΠpD;yGm;a&;
ydwfqdk@ta&;,lr_awGudk ¶kyfodrf;rSm r[kwfyg
bl;” [k ajymygw,f?
'D r d k u&uf wpf y gwD r S v$ wf a wmf
trwf rpP wm *sdK ;Zufca&mfa vuvnf ;
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif jzpfyGm;aeaom &mZ0wfr_rsm;
twGuf wm0ef&SdolrSm ppftpdk;&jzpf+yD; ‚if;
taejzifh ppftpdk;&udk wm0ef,lr_rsm; vkyfvm
Edkif&eftwGuf tm;pdkufóud;pm;rnf jzpfa=umif;
ajymqdkoGm;ygw,f? tar&duefv$wfawmfu
2003 ckESpfwGif “jrefrmEkdifiH vGwfvyfa&;ESifh
'Drdkua&pD Oya' (2003)”udk jyÏmef;um jrefrm
EkdifiHtay: pD;yGm;a&;ydwfqdk@ ta&;,lr_rsm;udk
pwifvkyfaqmifcJhygw,f? xdkOya'atmuf
wG if ppftpd k;&ud k axmuf yHh r_rsm;rjzpfap&ef jref rm
EdkifiHrS ukefpnfrsm; wifoGif;cGifhudk ydwfqdk@jcif;/
tar&duefEdkifiHwGif&Sdaeaom ppftpdk;&todkif;
t0ef;. ydkifqdkifr_rsm;udk xdef;csKyfjcif;/ c&D;oGm;
vmcGifh ADZmydwfqdk@jcif;/ jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDv_yf
&Sm;r_udk yHhydk;jcif;ponfjzifh tcef;(9) cef;yg0if
ygw,f?2008 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiHrS ausmuf
rsuf&wemrsm; wifydk@cGifhudk ydwfyifonfOya' h
w&yfudkvnf; tar&duef u jyÏmef;cJhygw,f ? Ñ
 EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; tmZmenfaeŒ wufa&muf *g&0ðycGifh&&Sd
vmr,fh wevFmae@rSm usa&muf ajymygw,f? 'ghtjyif ygwDawGtaeeJ@ vGrf;ol
r,f h (63)ESpfajrmuf tmZmenfae@ tcrf;tem;
udk wufa&mufvdkwJh EkdifiHa&;ygwDawG taeeJ@
reufjzef aemufqHk;xm; trnfpm&if;ay;oGif;
=u&r,fvdk@ a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sifu ajym
=um;vdkufygw,f?
etz&J@a&G;aumufyGJukd 0ifa&muf
,SOfòydifr,fh &efukeftajcpdkuf EdkifiHa&;ygwD (21)
ygwDudk tmZmenfae@ tcrf ;tem;wufa&muf
vdku wufa&mufEdkifw,fvdk@ &efukefwdkif; a&G;
aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sifu zdwfac:xm;
wmyg? wufa&mufvdkwJh ygwDtaeeJ@ wdkif;
aumfr&Sif¶Hk;rSm (16)&ufae@ aemufqHk;xm;+yD;
wufa&mufr,fh ygwDacgif;aqmif (7)OD; pm&if;
eJ@twl av#mufxm;=u&rSmjzpfw,fvdk@ &efukef
wdk if;a&G ;aumufyGJusif;ya&; aumfr&S ifu wm0ef
us0efxrf;wOD;u ajymygw,f? “usrwkd@rSm
wif&wJh ygwD (21)ygwD tm;vkH; ac:xm;wm
ayghaemf/ &efukefrSm tajcpdkufwJh ygwDtm;vkH;
(21)ygwDaygh/ tck tJ'DygwDwufzdk@twGufudk
wkdif;±kH;rSm av#mufv$mykHpH vm,lckdif;xm;w,f?
tJ'DrSmvnf; pnf;urf;csufawG xnfhxm;ay;
w,f? usrwkd@ av#mufv$mawGyJ vm+yD;awmh
vufcHzkd@ ajymxm;+yD;+yD?” aumfr&Sif&JŒ wuf
a&mufcGifh pnf;urf;owfrSwfcsufawGxJrSm
awmh ygwDtvHeJ@ qdkif;bkwfawGudk t&G,f
tpm;awGtvdkuf toHk;ðycGifh&Sdovdk tjcm;
pnf;urf;csufawGvnf; yg0ifw,fvdk@ tcrf;
tem;wufcGifh&wJh ygwDacgif;aqmifwcsKdŒu
trsm;jynfol oabmrwlwJh trdef‹tm%m[lor# wm0eft&zDqef-u
Dvb, July 15, 2010
yef;acGcscGifhay;xm;+yD; vkyfaqmif&r,fh vkyf
ief;pOfawGudk jynfaxmifpk'Drdkua&pD ygwDu
ajyma&;qdkcGifh &Sdol OD;udkudk}uD;u ajymygw,f?
“rSwfcsuftaeeJ@ ay;wmuawhm
yef;acGcsr,f/ yef;acGudk (18)&ufae@ nae (6)
em&D aemufqkH;xm;+yD;awmhrS tJ'D òrdif}uD;il
"rRm±kHrSm oGm;ykd@&ygr,f?” 'Dvdk tmZmenfae@
udk yxrqHk; wufa&mufcGifh &&SdvmwmeJ@ ywf
ouf+ yD; jref rmh 'D rkd ua&pD uGe f* &uf ygwD& JŒ
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; udka0rSL;oGifu ol@o
abmxm;udk ajymygw,f? “aumif;ygw,f
qkdwm olwkd@u 'Dtay:rSm todtrSwfðyw,f/
aumfr&Sifu csrSwfxm;wJhtwkdif; vkyfr,fqkd
&ifolwkd@u vufwJGac:r,fqkdwJh[mrsdK; olwkd@
u ruf a qh a y;csif yk H & ygw,f ? usaemf wk d @
EkdifiHa&;ygwDawGudkav?” aemuf rwluGJjym;
jcif;eJ@ +idrf;csrf;a&;ygwD taxGaxGtwGif;a&;
rSL; udkaersdK;a0uvnf; æ “EkdifiHa&;ygwDawGeJ@
wnfqJtpkd;&eJ@ &efbufo¾mef r[kwfawmh
bl;? waygif;wpnf;wnf;eJ@ EkdifiHawmftcrf;
tem;rSm yg0ifcGifh&w,fqkdwm/ EkdifiHa&; jy±kyf
av;aygh/ tJ'DrSm wa,mufeJ@wa,muf Ek difiHa&;
npfywfr_awGrvkyfbJeJ@ c0gcswJh pdwfxm;awGeJ@
tmZmenf*kH;rSm OD;!$wf=ur,f/ tJvdk OD;!$wf
=u&if ; tJ 'Dpdwf"mwf awG udk &if 0,f ykd uf wa,muf
eJ@ wa,muf EkdifiHa&;t& npfywfr_awG rvkyf
=ubJeJ@ EkdifiHtusdK;udkyJ a&S;±_csifwJh pdwfawG
udef;atmif;apcsifw,f?” etzppf tpdk;&
23
taeeJ@ 'Dvd kðyvkyfwm[m EdkifiHwumu
jrefrmjynfrSm EdkifiHa&;tcif;tusif; tajymif;
tvJjzpfay:ae+yDvdk@ xifrSwfatmif ðyvkyf
wmjzpfw,fvdk@ jrefrmhEdkifiHa&; apmifh=unhf
tuJcwfwcsKdŒu qdkygw,f?
etzppftpdk;&[m 1990 jynhfESpf
ygwDpHktaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ rusif;ycifu
vnf; tckvdk EdkifiHa&;ygwDawGudk zdwfac:wm
tzGJŒcsKyfvli,fwOD;udk axmif'%f (10)ESpf xyfcs
&efukef/ ok 0Àu teft,f'Dvli,f uusef;rma&;raumif;bl;av æ tck usef;
udkoef;jrifhatmifudk axmif'%f (10) ESpfxyf
rHcsrSwfvdkufygw,f?
udkoef;jrifhatmifudk taemufydkif;
c±dkifw&m;±Hk; w&m;ol}uD;a':EkEkcifu tDvuf
xa&mepf yk'fr-33 (u)eJ@ axmif'%f(10)ESpf
csvdkufwmyg? ol@udk 2009 ckESpf rwfv (4)
&ufae@rSm tm%mydkifawGu zrf;qD;+yD; tckESpf
ZGefvtwGif;uyJ ouFef;u|ef;òrd@e,f w&m;±Hk;
u rw&m;toif; tufOya' yk'fr (17-1)eJ@
(2)ESp f/ v0u tufOya'yk'fr (13-1)eJ@
tvkyf=urf;eJ@ axmif'%f (3)ESpf pkpkaygif; (5)
ESpf axmif'%fcsrSwfcJh+yD;jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umif@
udkoef;jrifhatmif[m pkpkaygif;axmif'%f
(15)ESpf uscH&wmjzpfw,fvdk@ rdom;pkeJ@ eD;pyf
olwOD;u ajymygw,f? udkoef;jrifhatmifudk
pD&ifcsufcsvdkufwmeJ@ ywfouf+yD; w&m;±Hk;udk
udk,fwdkifa&mufcJhol rdom;pk0ifwOD;u tckvdk
ajymjyygw,f? “w&m;cGiftajctaeu c%
av;ygyJ/ 'Dae@ol@udk tDvufxa&mepfeJ@ (10)
ESpfcsvkdufw,f/ oef;jrifhatmifu t&ifwkef;
24 ppftkyfpk. 2010 a&G;aumufyGJtm; qefŒusifwdkufzsuf-u
rsKd;&SdcJhayr,fh aemufydkif; ESpf (20)wdwd zdwf
ac: jcif; r&SdcJhbJ tckrSjyefvnf ac:,lwmvnf;
jzpfygw,f? jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;zcif AdkvfcsKyf
atmifqef;&JΠorD;jzpfol jrefrm'Drdkua&pD
acgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unfudkawmh
'DESpftmZmenfae@rSm wufa&muf*g&0ðycGifh
ay;/ ray;udkawmh rod&Sdao;ygbl;?
ÑÑÑ
Dvb, July 15, 2010
rma&;aumif;awmh jynfhòzd;òzd;eJ@ &$if&$ifvef;
vef;eJ@ wufwufºuGºuGyJ æ olrsm;awG (65)
ESpfeJ@pm&if oltrsm;}uD;awmfw,f/ bmrS 0rf;
enf;p&mta=umif;r&Sdbl;/ tJvdkyJajymw,f?”
ud koef; jrifh atmif tay: t&ifu
csrSwfxm;wJh jypf'%fawGtwGuf t,lcH0if
xm;+yD; tcktr_twGufvnf; t,lcH0ifoGm;
r,fvdk@ oluajymyg w,f? udkoef;jrifhatmifudk
teft,fvf'D (t,fvfat-rav;&Sm;XmecGJ)
rSm tvkyfvkyf+yD; w&m;r0if jyefvnf0ifa&muf
vmw,fqdkwJh pGyfpGJcsufe@J tm%mydkifawGu
zrf;qD;cJhwmvdk@qdkygw,f? ppfa=uma&;rSm ±dkuf
ESufppfaq;cHcJh&wJh '%fawGa=umif@ &Gmom}uD;
pdwfa&m*gukaq;±HkrSm aq;0g;ukor_cH,lcJh&
w,fvdk@vnf; od&ygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ
“a&G;aumufyGJvkyfay;_yD;&if a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk
taumiftxnfazmfay;zdkŒvnf;vdkygw,f? 1990 a&G;aumufyGJ
&v'fudk taumiftxnfaz:ray;wm jynfolvlxkwpf&yfvkH;udk vdrf
vnfvSnfhzsm;apmfum;&ma&mufw,f?” (a':atmifqef;pk-unf)
 a':atmifqef;pk-unf. ukd,fa&;t&m&Sd OD;0if;xdef jyefvnfvGwfajrmuf
a':atmifqef;pk=unf. ukd,fa&;
t&m&Sdtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhzl;ol wyfrawmfAkdvf
}uD;tqifh t&m&Sda[mif;jzpfol OD;0if;xdefukd
ppftpkd;&u ppfukdif;wdkif;/ uom tusOf;
axmifrS v$wfay;vkdufa=umif; od&ygw,f?
EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; ulnDapmifh
a&Smufa&;tzGJ@ (jrefrmEkdifiH)rS twGif;a&;rª;
ukdwdwfEkdifu “vGwf&ufaphvkd@ v$wfay;vkduf
wmyg? uomaxmifuae v$wfay;vkdufwm?
tck rEœav;ukd olqif;vm+yDvkd@ usaemfwkd@
=um;&ygw,f” [k ajymygw,f? touf (69)
ESpf&Sd+yDjzpfaom OD;0if;xdefonf 1996 ckESpf
arv (21) &ufae@uwnf;u zrf;qD;tusOf;
csjcif;cHcJh&ygw,f? OD;0if;xdefukd jynfyowif;
Xmersm;okd@ owif;tcsuftvuftrSm;rsm;
ay;onf[k pGyfpGJcsuf (2)&yfjzifh axmif'%f
(14)ESpf csrSwfcJhygw,f? ‚if;tm; jrefrmEkdifiH.
pkdufysKd;a&;qkdif&m tajctaersm;ESifh ywfouf
I rSm;,Gif;aom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;
jzef@cJhr_jzifh axmif'%f (7) ESpf csrSwfcJh+yD;aemuf
axmifwGif;&Sd EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;wkd@. tajc
rSefuefwJh OD;aqmifr+eJ‹ vlxkudk OD;aqmif = etz 2010 udk±dkufcsdK;
Nej, July 15, 2010
taersm;ESifh ywfoufI jyifyokd@ tpD&ifcHcJhr_
jzifh aemufxyf axmuf'%f (7)ESpf csrSwfcJh
ygw,f? “OD;0if;xdef cH&rSmu (14) ESpfyg? &uf
ae@awmif ausmfaeyg+yD? trSefu ol@ukd v$wf
ay;oifhwm=um+yDav” [k trsKd;om;'D rkdua&pD
tzGJ@csKyfrS ajymcGifh&yk*~Kdvf OD;^m%f0if;u ajym
ygw,f?
OD;0if;xdefonf 88 ta&;awmfykH
umvwGif trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. 'k-
OuUÏ OD;wifOD;. ukd,fa&;t&m&Sd wm0efukd
vnf; xrf;aqmifcJhzl;+yD; 1995 ckESpf aemuf
ykdif;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unf. ukd,fa&;
t&m&Sdtjzpf wm0ef ,lcJhygw,f? ,cifu
aoG;wkd;/ ESvkH;a&m*g/ aoG;a=umusOf;/ av;
bufem/ t¶kd;usD;aygif;ponfh a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;
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tajctaerSm aumif;rGefa=umif;/ rdom;pk0if
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axmif (3)ESpfausmf pojzifh tusOf;axmif
25
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ckESpfwGif OD;0if;xd eftm; ppftpkd;&u a':atmif
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Dvb, July 15, 2010
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Nej, July 14, 2010
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tusOf;uscH wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; csufcsif;vGwf? 27
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ajym=um;cJhygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ
Irrawaddy, July 15, 2010
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Irrawaddy, July 13, 2010
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vGefcJhwJh =umoyaw;ae@u ppfzuf ÑÑÑ
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Nej, July 15, 2010
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xGufaygufudkr&SmbJ azmufxGuf-u ? 29
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&ufrS pwifrSwfyHkwif cGifhðycJhygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

u,m;jynfe,fwGif }uHŒzGHŒwygwDwnf; pnf;¶Hk;

Nej, July 15, 2010
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qDrSm wzJG@rSr&Sdbl;? wpnygwD&Sdayr,fh olwdk@ tygt0if pkpkaygif; (3) ygwD/ rGefjynfe,f (1)
vnf; 'Davmufpnf;¶Hk;a&; rvkyfEdkifbl;? t"du ygwD/ u&ifjynfe,f (2) ygwD/ &Srf;jynfe,fwGif
}uHhzHG@uyJ pnf;¶Hk;a&;vk yfEdkifw,f? olwdk@u tpd k;& &Srf;ygwD (1) ygwD/ ucsif(1)ygwDESifh tjcm;wkdif;
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a'oawG rSmqd k&ifvnf ; ppf wyf u ausmaxmu f (3) odef;cJGausmf&dSonfh u,m;jynfe,fwGifrl
aemufcHðyxm;ay;w,f? 'DrSm&SdwJh typf&yf u,m; (odk@r[kwf) u&ifeD trsKd;om;ygwDrsm;
tzJG@tm;vHk;uawmh tpdk;&u jynfol@ppf vkyf wckrS zJG@pnf;xm;jcif;r&Sdyg? ppftpdk;&taejzifh
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tpdk;&u raxmifcdkif;bl;? olwdk@ wzJG@wnf;yJ ouf+yD; &efukefrS 0g&ifh EkdifiHa&;orm;}uD;wOD;
pnf;¶Hk;r,feJ@ wlw,f? aemufòrdŒcHawGxJu &yf u “ppftpdk;& jynfol@v$wfawmf a&G;aumufyJG
&Gmu av;pm;olawGudkvnf; olwdk@tzJG@xJ0ifzdk@ Oya' yk'fr 41 (u)rSm rJqENe,fajrwckrSm

30 NLD a&$*kHwdkifa-unmpmwrf;udk axmufcH-u?

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odk@r[kwf jynfe,fv$wfawmf a&G;aumufyJG
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qdkawmh u,m;jynfe,frSm }uHhzHG@uyJ v$wf
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a&G;aumufyJGa-umifh wuUodkvfwGif wufokwf¶dkuf pmoifae&
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oif=um;ae&a=umif; '*HkwuUodkvfrS ordkif;
bmom&yf enf;jyq&mrwOD;u ajymygw,f?
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wifbmvqef ;txd oif +yD; puf wif bmvv,f
qdk pmar;yJGawG ppfw,f? b,fawmh pmar;yJGppf
r,fqdkwm ynma&;0ef}uD;Xmeu xkwfjyef
xm;wm r&Sdao;ayr,fh tu,fI pmar;yJG
apmppfcJh&if tqifoifhjzpfaezdk@ oifcef;pmawG
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w,f? tqdkyg wuUodkvfwGif ¶lyaA'bmom
t"dujzihf 'kwd,ESpf wufaeol ausmif;om;
wOD;uvnf; oifcef;pmrsm;udk tjrefoifae
a=umif;/ q&mrsm;udk,fwdkifu twdtus
r[kwfaomfvnf; a&G;aumufyJGa=umifh pmar;
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typf&yftzJG@awGudkawmif ygwDaxmifzdk@tm;r
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rsm;udk,fwdkif ulnDyHhydk;aea=umif; od&dS&ygw,f?
Irrawaddy, July 14, 2010
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31
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w,f?
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EdkifiH wuUodkvfynma&;[m oif¶dk;ujrifhae+yD;
q&mawG &JΠoif =um;r_ eJ@ ausmif ;om;awG &JΠwwf
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tqifhtwef;eJ@ E_dif;,SOfvdk@ r&bl;? 'D=um;xJ
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vkyfwmrsKd;a=umifh ynmoif=um;a&;udk t[ef@
twm;taESmifht,Sufjzpfapw,f” [k ajym
ygw,f? ppftpdk;& a&G;aumufyJGaumfr&Sifu
f;u¾
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qdkv#if (3) veD;yg; a&muf+yDjzpfaomfvnf;
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w&m;0ifxkwfazmfajymqdkjcif; r&dSao;aomf
vnf; tar&duef txufv$wfawmftrwf
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atmufwdkbm (10)&uf wGif a&G;aumufyGJusif;y
ay;vdrfhrnf[k ar#mfvifh&a=umif; +yD;cJhonfh
ZGefvtwGif; 0g&Sifwef'DpD&dS txufv$wfawmf
wGif usif;ycJhonfh urBmvkH;qkdif&m tm&StzGJ@
aqG;aEG;yGJY jrefrmEdkifiH a&G;aumufyGJESifh ywf
oufI ajym=um;cJhygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

qufo G , fr S m ,lv d k y gu 
shwekhamaukhq@gmail.com,
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P.O Box (34) Mae Sot, Tak 63110. Thailand.
Ph: 089-856 56 91

32 rSefuefwJh OD;aqmifr+eJ‹ vlxkudk OD;aqmif = etz 2010 udk±dkufcsdK;