u|efawmfwdk@ bmvdkcJh=uovJ/ a&S@rSm bmqufvkyf=urvJ?

ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;.tpD&ifcHpm
(2009 ckEpS /f rwfv)

&Jabmfw@kd
ESpf 20 c&D;rSm u|efawmfwdk@ vdkcJhwmu t"dutm;jzifh (3) ck &Sdygw,f? 'D (3) ckuvnf; wckeJ@wck
qufpyfaewmyg? 'D (3) ck r&SdcJhvdk@bJ tcgtcGifhaumif;}uD; (2) }udrfavmuf vufvGwfcJhwm jzpfygw,f?
tcgtcGifhaumif; (2) }udrfqdkwmu
a'gufwmarmifarmif orRwoufwrf;rSmw}udrfeJ@ 1990 a&G;aumufyJEG dkifpOfuw}udrf jzpfygw,f? tus,f
wifjywm rvkyfawmhyg?
vdktyfcsuf (3) ck qdkwmu
(1) bHk&efol&Sd+yD; bHkvkyfief;pOfvrf;pOf r&Sdwmyg?
(2) bHkvkyfief;pOfvrf;pOf &Sd±HkeJ@vnf; r+yD;ao;yg? wckwnf;aomA[dk &Sd&ygOD;r,f?
(3) A[dkÏecsKyfr&Sdawmh wufºuv_yf&Sm;ol (Activists) awGudk pepfwuspDrHcef@cJGwm r&SdEdkifyg?
'D (3) csufudkawmh tus,fwifjyygr,f? 'grS a&S@rSm bmvkyf=urvJqdkwmeJ@ qufpyfrrd Smyg?

tcsuf (1) udk &Sif;vif;csuf?

bHk&efol b,fwkef;urqdk &SdcJhygw,f? 1962 rwdkifrDuvnf; &Sdcw Jh mygyJ? zqyv 0ef}uD;csKyfOD;EkajymwJh

‘a&mifpHk’ qdkwm trSefygyJ? ‘a&mifpHk’ rSmuvnf; vufeufudkifwyfudk,fpD &Sd=uw,f? e,fajr &Sd=uw,f? vlxkqDu
&efyHkaiGaumufcH+yD; &Sifoef=u&w,fqdkawmh tcsif;csif;vufeufudkifyÉdyuQawGvnf; &Sd=uygw,f? udk,fhtcsif;csif;&J@
vufeufudkifyÉdyuQ }uD;oxuf}uD;atmifvnf; &efoltpdk;&u ajr‡mufay;wwfygw,f?
ppftkyfpk&J@ tckOD;wnf&efol[m Auy r[kwfygbl;? KNU r[kwfygbl;? DASSK OD;aqmifwJh NLD yg?
'gudk owdðy&ygr,f? NLD udk xdcdkufapwJh ajcvSrf;udk b,folrS rvSrf;oifhygbl;? vSrf;vm&if b,foluyJvkyfvkyf
Auy u twdtvif; qef@usifrSmyg? NLD udk umuG,fa&;[m ppftkyfpkudk bHk&efoltjzpf oabmxm;olrSefor#&J@
OD;pm;ay;wm0ef jzpfoifhygw,f?

tcsuf (2) udk &Sif;vif;csuf?

A[dk r&SdcJhvdk@bJ 1988 wkef;u atmifyGJr&wmyg? Adkvfatmif}uD;u “'Drdkua&pDzcif}uD;” qdk+yD; yGJxGufawmh

OD;Eku tm;usrcH ‘&moufyef0ef}uD;csKyf’ qdk+yD; yGJxGufw,f? ay:vmump “rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@”
tpdwfpdwfuGJoGm;&w,f? rsdK;cspfppfAdkvf}uD;a[mif; wcsdK@u pdwfysuf+yD; xdkifoGm;w,f? rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@
ay:vmwm[m ae0if; ppftkypf &k J@t±d_uf txdk;cH&wmyg? odyfudk wefzdk;&Sdygw,f? 'DtzGJ@xJygwJh wyfrª;}uD;awGudk
rSDcdk+yD; wyfrawmfwckvHk;udk ae0if;ppftkyfpkvufatmufuae rdrdbufygvmatmif u|efawmfwdk@ vkyfEdkif&rSm
jzpfygw,f? tckawmh ol@udkygatmif rvkyfEdkifbJ udk,fhtxJuyJ tpdwfpdwfuGJxGufwm jzpfukefw,f?
A[dk&SdcJh&if tm;vHk;ygwJh ‘,m,D!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&’ zGJ@EdkifcJhrSmyg? vrf;ray:u tHkºuaewJh vlxku ‘,m,D
!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&’ zGJ@Edkifwm r[kwfygbl;? rdk;rqHk;ajrrqHk; r+yD;EdkifrpD;Edik f vrf;ray:rSm ‘qENjy’ aevdk@vnf; r+yD;ygbl;?
rqv tpdk;&udk tpm;xdk;zdk@ tpdk;& (,m,Dtpdk;&) w&yf zGJ@&rSmyg? 'Dwm0efudk acgif;aqmifawGu ,l&rSmyg?
nD!GwfwJhtpdk;&ay:&if vlxku auseyfrSmyg?
ArmjynfEdkifiHa&;rSm vlxktHkºur_}uD;awG &Sdzl;ygw,f? 1938 - 39 tHkºur_/ 1946 tHkºur_ pojzifh &Sdzl;w,f?
tJ'DtHkºur_awGrSm A[dk&Sdygw,f? &Sdvdk@vnf; qkwf&&ifvnf; uoDvifw rjzpfbl;? atmifyJ&G &ifvnf; pepfwus
jzpfygw,f? 1946 tHkºur_usawmh tEdkif&vdkufw,f? zqyv tm%m&vmw,f? (1988) rSmuawmh ‘A[dk’

1
r&Sdbl;? A[dkr&Sdwmxuf A[dkawGrsm;w,fqdkwmu ydkrSefvdrfhr,f xifygw,f? A[dkawGrsm;vdk@ wckeJ@wck acszsuf&if;
wpkwpnf;wnf;aomA[dk r&Sdwm jzpfoGm;wmyJ?
tck ESpf (20) =umawmh jynfyrSm A[dkawG odyfudkrsm;vmaeyg+yD? pm&if;ðypkvdk@ r&atmifudkyJ rsm;ygw,f?
ygwDemrnfcHwma&m/ ‘wyfaygif;pk’ emrnfcHwma&m/ “rD'D,m” tpktzGJ@ emrnfcHwma&m/ toHv$ifhÏmeudk
A[dðk ywJth zGJ@tpnf;a&m pojzifh rsdK;pHkygw,f?
[dkwkef;u jynfyrSm ocifatmifqef;/ ocifvSòrifyJ ‘xGuf&yf*dk%f;’ &J@ udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf jynfy
xGufygw,f? (zwyv) zufqpfqef@usifa&;&J@ jynfyudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf ocifodef;az (jrifh)/ ocifwifa&$yJ
&Sdygw,f? vufeufudkifwdkufyJG A/S umvrSm Auy &J@ udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf ocifAodef;wif/ ocifoef;òrifwdk@
wawGyJ &Sdygw,f? olwdk@u jynfwGif;&J@ !ïef=um;csufemcH+yD; vkyf=u&wmyJ?
tckawmh tJ'Dvdk r[kwfbl;? jynfwGif;rSm tjrpfr&Sd=ubl;? jynfyrSmyJ &efyHkaiG&Sm+yD; &yfwnf=uw,f?
tJ'Dawmh pDrHudef;tqdkðywJh (proposal) EdkifiHa&;awG vkyf=uw,f? (Donor) tvª&Sif&SmwJh tvkyfu t"du
tvkyf jzpfvmw,f? avmfbD lobby (axmufcHolpnf;±Hk;wJh) EdkifiHa&; vkyf=uw,f? A[dkawG rsm;ovdk vkyfwJh
tvkyfuvnf; rsm;w,f? etz udk ukvor*~ukvm;xdkifay:u qGJcsa&; vkyf=uw,f? ukvm;xdkifay:u qGJcsvdk@
r&ao;cifrSm ukvm;xdkiftvGwfrSm0if+yD; b,folxdkifrvJqdkwm tcsdefukefcH jiif;=uw,f? 'DvdkeJ@ tcsif;csif;&efyGJawG
jzpfae=uygw,f?
pifòyiftpdk;&zGJ@wmudk jynfyrSmjzpfap/ jynfwGif;rSmjzpfap vkyfwmudk ‘Auy’ u ‘rlt&’ qef@usifygw,f?
Auy u A/S umvwkef;uvnf; 'DudpP rpOf;pm;cJhovdk tckvnf; rpOf;pm;ygbl;? wnf&SdaewJh tpdk;&&J@òr@awmf
[dkwkef;uawmh (&efukef) tckawmh ysOf;rem;rSm&SdwJh tm%mydkiftpdk;&udk ðzwfcs+yD;rSom rdrdbufu tpm;xdk;p&m
tpdk;&zGJ@zdk@ pOf;pm;oifhygw,f? wdkif;jynfuwjynf - tpdk;&u (2) ck jzpfae&if wdkif;jynfemwwfygw,f? Armjynfvdk
ae&mrsdK;rSmawmh tpdk;& (2) ckeJ@ &yfrSm r[kwfygbl;? tpdk;&awGtrsm;}uD; &Sdvmr,fhtvm;tvm &Sdygw,f? *smr%D/
udk;&D;,m;/ AD,uferfwdk@rSmvdk tpdk;& (2) zGJ@ òyif+yD;&SdaeEdkifwJh taetxm; ArmjynfrSm r&Sdygbl;?
A/S umvu cGJxGufa&;vufeufudkiftzGJ@tpnf;awG tm;vHk;[m ‘tpdk;&’ awG zGJ@=uygw,f?
“uGefjrLepfysufrdk;[def;” qdk&if &Srf;jynf&J@ “orRw” jzpfvdkuf/ “0ef}uD;csKyf” jzpfvdkuf t}udrf}udrfygyJ? tJ'gawGukd
u|efawmfwdk@u tpdk;&zGJ@wrf;upm;wmvdk@yJ oabmxm;cJhygw,f? a&;}uD;cGifus,fvkyf+yD;vnf; a0zefwm
rvkyfygbl;?
tcka&;aewmuvnf; jynfwGif;u NLD (A[dk) udk uoduatmifhjzpfatmif vkyfae=uw,fvdk@yJjrifvdk@
rwwfombJ ajymwmyg?
jynfyrSmae+yD; ppftpdk;&udk zGifhcswmeJ@ NLD udk umuG,fwm/ tm;ay;wm vkyfwJhtvkyf[lor#
aumif;ygw,f? tm;ay;ygw,f? tcsif;csif; tay;t,l&Sd=uw,f/ nDnD!Gwf!Gwf&Sd=uw,fvdk@=um;&if
tm;wufygw,f? tckawmh tJ'Dvdk r[kwfygbl;? tcsdefrD ðyjyif=uzdk@ aumif;ygw,f? jynfwGif;rSm NLD tusyaf wG@
aeygw,f? u|efawmfwdk@&J@ 88 rsdK;qufacgif;aqmifrsm; axmifESpf&Snf usaeygw,f? tzrf;tqD;awGvnf;
odyfrsm;ygw,f? vlxkuvnf; xGuf&yfvrf; aysmufovdk jzpfaeygw,f? tJ'DvdktcsdefrSm ArmjynfEdkifiHa&;udk
vGwfvGwfvyfvyf vkyfEdkfifolawGu tcsif;csif;&efyJjG zpf+yD; tcsdefrðzef;oifhygbl;? tajrmftjrif }uD;rm;apcsifygw,f?
vufeufudkifwdkufyGJumvu awmcdkoltcsif;csif; &efyJjG zpfaeovdk tckvnf; jynfya&muftcsif;csif; &efyGJ
rjzpfoifhygbl;?
tckacwfu jynfwGif;rSm v_yf&Sm;wufºuol (A) u enf;ae+yD; jynfya&muf (A) awG rsm;aewJhacwfyg?
'ga=umifh u|efawmfwdk@&J@acwfòyif wdkufazmfwdkufzufrsm;udk awmif;yefwmyg? (2010) ausmf&if Armjynf&J@EdkifiHa&;
tcif;tusif;[m wqpfcsdK;ajymif;vJawmhrSmyg? ppftm%m&Sifpepfu “2008 tajccHOya'” eJ@ txdkifus
oGm;ygvdrfhr,f? tcsdefodyfr&Sdawmhyg?
vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJacwfwkef;u u|efawmfwdk@ pGef@v$wfpGef@pm; vkyfcJh&wm[m odyfr=umygbl;? vGefa&m
u|efa&m (5) ESpf (6) ESpfyg? tck 'Drdkua&pDawmfvSefa&;umvrSmawmh pGef@v$wfpGef@pm; vkyfcJh&wJhESpfawG q,fpkeJ@csD+yD;
=umcJhyg+yD? a&S@rSmvnf; quf+yD;pGef@v$wfpGef@pm;=u&OD;rSmjzpfvdk@ tckvdk wifjywmyg? Auy taeeJ@awmh “twdwfudk
twdwfrSmyJxm;cJh (csif) w,f” qdkwJh oabmxm;eJ@ qdk&S,fvpfygwDeJ@/ zqyv eJ@/ tdrfapmifhtpdk;&eJ@/ ukefukef
ajym&&if Adkvfcif!Gef@wdk@eJ@yg &efpum;ajymwmudk a&Smifygw,f? rdrdwzufowfyJ a&Smifaewmyg? ygwD0if

2
tm;vHk;udkvnf; a&Smif=uzdk@ !ïef=um;xm;ygw,f? Auy udk qJa&;ykwfcwfwJhpmawG u|efawmfwdk@ rzwf&wm
r[kwfygbl;? zwf&ygw,f? rwHk@jyefbJ wrifaewmyg?

tcsuf (3) udk &Sif;vif;csuf?

wufºuv_yf&Sm;ol (A) awGudk pkaqmif;xm;+yD; tcgtcGifhaumif;ay:wJhtcg xkwfoHk;Edkif&ygr,f? (1988)

rwdkifrDuqdk&if òr@ay:rSm ajratmuf U/G tjzpf/ awmxJrSm jynfol@vufeufudkiftjzpf pkpnf;xm;EdkifcJhygw,f? (A)
awG qdkwmuvnf; trsm;tm;jzifh ausmif;om;awGyg? ynmwwfawGyg? tvkyform; v,form;awGyg? tv$m
pHkygw,f? Zmwda'opHkygw,f? 'ga=umifhyJ tcgtcGifhaumif; ay:vm&if vdktyfwJha'o/ ausmif;/ tvkyf±Hkpuf±Hkodk@
wdkuf±dkufv$wf+yD; wdkufyGJrSm yg0ifapEdkifygw,f?
1988 rwdkifrDuvnf; v_yf&Sm;wufºuolawG tzrf;cH&ygw,f? 'gayrJh axmifcsvnf; (7) ESpf (9) ESpf
trsm;qHk;yg? ESpfaphatmifvnf; ae&avh r&Sdygbl;? ta=umif;wckckeJ@ vGwf+idrf;cGifh ay;wwfygw,f? axmifu
vGwfvmawmh tprf;oyfcH+yD;wJh/ }uH@cdkifwJh au'gaumif; jzpfoGm;avh &Sdygw,f?
(1988) uae tckxd umvrSmawmh axmifcscH&wJh (A) awGu ESpf (20) tck ESpf (60) ausmf jzpfaeyg+yD?
olwdk@u vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_xJ ygrvmEdkifawmhygbl;? vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_eJ@ a0;&mqDodk@ tydk@cH&ygw,f?
(1988) rwdkifrDu zqyv eJ@ rqv tm%mydkifom;orD;awGavmufyJ jynfyv$wfygw,f? olwdk@uvnf;
wufºuv_yf&Sm;olawG r[kwf=uygbl;? tckawmh trsm;}uD; jynfya&mufaeygw,f? jynfya&muf+yD;&if vlxk
v_yf&Sm;r_xJ udk,fwdkifudk,fus yg0ifcGifh r&=uawmhygbl;? ta0;u axmufcHwm/ tm;ay;=uwmyJ vkyfEdkif
ygawmhw,f?
(1988) rwdkifrDu awmcdkp&mae&m rsm;ygw,f? òr@jyifxGufvdkuf±HkygyJ? tckawmh awmcdkp&m r&Sdygbl;?
jynfyxGuf&wmyg?
t}uD;qHk;tcuftcJu (A) awGudk jynfwGif;rSm pkpkpnf;pnf; rxm;EdkifcJhwmeJ@ pepfwuspDrHcef@cGJ
rxm;EdkfifwmygyJ?
u|efawmfwdk@ygwDuawmh wm0eft& jynfyxGufcdkif;wJh ygw0D ifuvGJ+yD; usefwJhygwD0if trsm;pk}uD;udk U/G
yJ vkyfcdkif;xm;ygw,f? bmrSrvkyfEdkif&ifvnf; rvkyfbJaeyg? jynfy rxGufygeJ@vdk@ !ïef=um;ygw,f? jynfwGif;rSm
&Sdae&if tcgtcGifhaumif;ay:wmeJ@ xkwf+yD;oHk;Edkifatmif jzpfygw,f?
ESpf ‘20’ twGif;rSm Auy u (1988) ckESpf weSpfxJrmS yJ csrSwfxm;wJh aoe*FAsL[meJ@ enf;y&d,m,fudk
vkyfaqmifcGifh&cJhwmyg? (1989) rSm Auy &J@ vufeufudkifwdkufyGJ A/S usqHk;ygw,f? pDrHudef;tm;vHk; ysufygw,f?
20 &mpkESpf ukeo f nftxd udk,u hf pd eP J@udk,fyJ vHk;yef;ae&ygw,f? 21 &mpk0ifrSyJ jyefvnfv_yf&Sm;Edkifygw,f? ‘'Drdk
2006 }uHqcsuf’ wifjywJhtcgrSmawmh ‘vufawG@EdkifiHa&;’ xJrSm pwif0ifa&mufcyJh gw,f?
‘vufawG@EdkifiHa&;’ xJ 0ifawmhrSyJ EdkifiHa&;vufawG@awGudk u|efawmfwdk@pwif&&Sdygw,f? &&SdvdkufwJh
EdkifiHa&;vufawG@udk wifjyygr,f?

‘Auy’ eJ@ ajAmifvufwGJzdk@ r0Hhr&J jzpfae=uw,f? ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK; &Sdw,f? ta=umif;wcku Auy udk ajcukef
vufyef;usaewJh ygwDvdk@ ,lqvdk@jzpfw,f? 'geJ@ywfoufvdk@uawmh rSwfcsufay;p&m r&Sdygbl;?
aemufta=umif;wcku uGefjrLepfeJ@ ,SufEG,fywfoufae&if udk,fhtwGuf tusdK;rJhw,fvdk@ ,lqwmjzpfw,f?
tvª&Sif (Donor) &Smr&bJ jzpfr,f? wwd,EdkifiH rxGufEdkifbJ jzpfr,f? tqdkðypDrHcsuf (proposal) wifz@dk
cufr,f? qGJaqmifpnf;±Hk;a&; (lobby) vkyfwJhtxJrSm uGefjrLepfawG a&maxG;ygaevdk@ rjzpfbl; pwJhpwJh
ta=umif;awG jzpfw,f? u|efawmfwdk@u em;vnfcGifhv$wfEdkifwJh ta=umif;awG jzpfygw,f?

‘Auy’ udk EdkifiHa&;tqifhae&m ray;vdkolawG &Sdaew,f? jynfwGif;rSma&m/ jynfyrSmyg &Sdw,f? tm%m&xJrSma&m/

tm%mrJhxJrSmyg &Sdw,f? wcsdK@u tpktzGJ@eJ@ &Sdw,f? wcsdK@u wOD;csif; tmCmwxm;olawG jzpfw,f? olwdk@eJ@
ywfoufvdk@uawmh EdkifiHa&;tqifhae&mqdkwm olrsm;ay;rS &wmr[kwf? udk,fhbmom vkyf,l&wmjzpfw,f

3
qdkwmudk Auy ,Hk=unfygw,f? 'ga=umifhvnf; ygwDxJrSm rlwckcsxm;w,f? vkyfEdkifwmudkyJ ajym/ ajym+yD;&if
ZGJeJ@vkyfqdkwJhrl jzpfw,f?

'Drdkua&pDawmfvSefa&;twGif;rSm enf;y&d,m,fvrf;pOf (2) &yf wdkufyGJ&Sdaew,f? vrf;pOf (2) &yfwdkufyJ[ G m

“'DyJ,if;ta&;tcif;” +yD;uwnf;u ydk+yD;xif&Sm;vmw,f? t±H_;ay;a&;vrf;pOfeJ@ jywfom;wJhwdkufyGJvrf;pOfwdk@[m
xifxif&Sm;&Sm; uGJxGufvmw,f? tHh=op&maumif;wmu ppftm%m&Sif&J@tm%mpufatmufrSm ae&olawGu
jywfom;wJhvrf;pOfbufu &yfcHolrsm;ae+yD; tm%mpufatmufu r[kwfbJ jynfya&mufawGxJrmS t±H_;ay;a&;
vrf;pOfu toHus,faewmyJ? ‘2008 tajccHOya'’ eJ@ ‘2010 a&G;aumufyJ’G tay: b,fvdk oabmxm;=urvJ
qdkwmrSm jywfjywfom;om; vrf;uGJae=uwmyJ? Auy u t±H_;ay;a&;vrf;pOfudk jywfjywfom;om; qef@usifrSmyg?
rSefuefwJhvrf;pOf csrSwf+yD;&if rSefuefwJh pnf;±Hk;a&;vrf;pOf &Sd&rSm jzpfygw,f?
tck ta&;w}uD;vdkaewmu au'gpnf;±Hk;a&; jzpfygw,f? vlxkeJ@twl wdkufyGJ0ifr,fhau'g/ tawG;tac:
=unfvifwJhau'g/ taysmfwrf;rqefwJhau'g pnf;±Hk;a&;eJ@pkaqmif;a&;[m aomhcsufjzpfygw,f?

bmvkyf=urvJ?

a&S@rSm bmvkyf=urvJ qdkwmudk pOf;pm;&if aemufu bmjzpfcJhovJ qdkwmu tpcsDpOf;pm;&rSmyJ? jyefvnf

ðcHiHkoHk;oyfw,fvdk@ ac:ac:/ ed*Hk;csKyfvkyfw,fvdk@yJajymajym/ ESpf 20 c&D;rSm bmjzpfcJhovJ/ bmawGvdkcJhovJ qdkwmudk
jyefvSefoHk;oyf oifcef;pmxkwf&rSmyg? 'DudpPudk a&S@rSmtawmfav; ajym+yD;yg+yD?
u|efawmfwdk@ vkyfEdkifwmu EdkifiHa&;vufOD;r_ jyef,lzdk@yg?

EdkifiHa&;vufOD;r_ b,fvdk,lrvJ?

tm%mydkifawG jzpfapcsifwmudk rjzpfatmifvkyfwm[m vufOD;r_,lenf;wckyg? *rfbm&DeJ@awG@awmh etz

ajyma&;qdkcGifh&Sdolu RM (vrf;jyajryHk) tqifh (4) rSm olwdk@udk jynfolvlxku vkyfydkifcGifhtm%m (mandate)
ay;vdkuf+yD;+yD qdkwmudk t}udrf}udrfajymw,f? t"dy`m,fu 1990 (mandate) ysufjy,foGm;+yDvdk@ ajymwmyJ?
u|efawmfwdk@u vufOD;r_,lcsif&if 1990 (mandate) tay: }uH@}uH@cdkifcdkif&yfwnf=u&rSm jzpfw,f? NLD udk
umuG,f&rSm jzpfw,f?
NLD tajctae b,fvdkjzpfaeovJqdkwmudk OD;0if;wifu yGifhyGifhvif;vif; ajymxm;+yD;+yD? etz uvnf;
NLD udk aysmhnHhvmatmif usHK;oGif;aew,f? NLD xJu yJhxGufvmwJh aysmhnHholawGudk EdkifiHa&;pifxdk;ay;aew,f?
jynfyrD'D,mwcsdK@uvnf; ulnD+yD; ‘tawG;tac:pifxdk;’ ay;wmudk =um;ae&w,f? 'Dtjyif Auy opPmazmuf/
NLD opPmazmufawGuvnf; jynfwGif;rD'D,mrSm NLD udk ajymifajymifwif;wif;xdk;ESuf+yD; tnHhcHa&;vrf;rSm;
vdkufatmif aoG;aqmifae=uw,f?
'DtajctaerSm rdrdwdk@vkyf&rSmu tawG;tac:vufOD;r_,lzdk@yJ? tawG;tac:vufOD;r_ b,fvdk,lrvJ?
u|efawmfwdk@tjrifuawmh -
(1) EdkifiHa&;tawG;tac:ynmay;pmwrf;awGudk (v#dK@0Suf+yD;) a&;zdk@eJ@ jzef@csdzdk@ jzpfw,f?
'DtawG@tñuHudk ppfeJ@awmfvSefa&;umvu rdrdwdk@rsdK;qufa[mif;rsm; vkyfcJh+yD; jzpfw,f?
topfwDxGifaep&m rvdkygbl;? tck IT acwfrSm ydk+yD;awmif us,fus,fjyef@jyef@ vlxkxJ
a&mufatmif jzef@csdEdkifygao;w,f?
(2) jynfya&muf wufºuolawGu tJ'Dpmwrf;awGudk toHv$ifhrD'D,mpifjrifhay:a&mufatmif
ulnDEdkifw,f? pmtkyfpmwrf; tjrefxkwfa0+yD; jynfwGif;wifoGif; jzef@csdEdkifw,f?

4
tawG;tac:vufOD;r_udk pnf;±Hk;a&;vufOD;r_tjzpf wdk;csJ@Edkif&r,f? v#dK@0Sufpmwrf;awGudk avhvmwJh v#dK@0SuftpkawG
zGJ@/ v#dK@0Sufuvmyfpnf;awGzGJ@/ v#dK@0Sufoifwef;awG zGifh=uzdk@ jzpfw,f? (w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;r_r&SdwJh umvrSm Oya'wGif;
vkyfa&;udkcsnf; pdwful;,Ofaevdk@ rjzpfawmhygbl;?)

au'garG;jrL/ a&&Snfjr‡KyfESH/ tcgtcGifhaumif;apmifh? 'Dtvkyf[m wyGJxdk;tvkyf r[kwfbl;? b,fvdkjr‡KyfESHrvJqdkwmudk

pOf;pm;&ygr,f? 'DtvkyfrSmvnf; ppfeJ@awmfvSefa&;rsdK;qufa[mif;awGqDu tawG@tñuH,l&ygr,f? acwfeJ@tnD
wdk;csJ@=u&ygr,f? jynfwGif;rSm vkyfr&bl;/ 'ga=umifh jynfyxGuf&w,fqdkwJh vkyf&yfudk &yfoifhyg+yD? jynfwGif;rSm
vkyfp&mawG r&Sdwm r[kwfbl;? wyfrawmfxJrSm jr‡KyfESHwm/ }uH@§zGH@ xJrSm jr‡KyfESHwmeJ@ tqifhqifhtm%mydkiftzGJ@awG
xJrSm jr‡KyfESHwm vkyfEdkifygw,f? a&G;aumufyGJ0if=ur,fh ygwDawGxJrSmvnf; jr‡KyfESHEdkifwmygyJ? a&Snfjr‡KyfESH&rSmyg?
a&&SnfrSmudk ra=umufoifhygbl;? tckyJ a&&Snfaeyg+yD? ESpf ‘20’ ausmf+yD r[kwfygvm;? a&wdkpOf;pm;enf;[m
rSm;a=umif; vufawG@u jycJhyg+yD? 1988 tHkºur_u ay:xGufvmwJh wufºuv_yf&Sm;ol ausmif;om;wcsdK@eJ@ Auy
aqG;aEG;awmh “'Drdkua&pDvufeufudkifwdkufyGJ atmifjrif+yD;&if EdkifiHa&;vkyfrSm r[kwfbl;? ausmif;jyefwufr,f” vdk@
ajym=uygw,f? Auy &J@ a&&SnfqdkwJhpum;udk olwdk@tawmfrESpfrsdK@wmudk awG@&ygw,f? 'gayrJh olwdk@qEN
jzpfrvmygbl;? a&&Snfaeygw,f?
Armjynf'Drdkua&pDawmfvSefa&;rSm a&wdkpOf;pm;enf;eJ@vkyfvdk@ rjzpfygbl;? òr@ay:rSmvnf; a&wdkpOf;pm;enf;
eJ@yJ vkyfcJh=uvdk@ tm%m&Sdol&J@ vSnfhjzm;r_/ acsmufwGef;r_awG awG@&wm jzpfygw,f? Adkvfapmarmif/ Adkvfcif!Gef@wdk@&J@
weyfpm;t}uHtpDeJ@ a&wdkorm;wdk@ xdyfwdkufawG@=uawmh a&wdktjriform;awG ezl;uGJ'l;+yJ jzpfukefwmygyJ? tJ'v D kd
jzpfaewkef;u Auy u (olrsm;udpPjzpfvdk@) apmif;yg;&dyfjcnfyJ ajymcJhxkwfjyefcJhygw,f? etz ppftkyfpk[m
pdwf"mwfppfqifa&;oifwef;qif;awG jzpfw,fqdkwmudk rarh=uzdk@yg? RM udk Adkvfcif!Gef@yJ pwifyGJxkwfcJhwmudk
rarhoihfyg? Adkvfoef;a&$u ‘eHygwf0rf;’ (&moufyefeHygwf0rf;) yg? aemufuyJ óu;udkifaerSmyg?

PP jynfol@pGrf;tm;v_yf&Sm;r_ pnf;±Hk;wm tcsdef,l&r,f?

Auy u PP pn;f±Hk;a&;vkyfzdk@ajymawmh vufawG@rusbl;/ vlxku ajcukefvufyef;usae+yDvdk@ajymoH

=um;&ygw,f? ajcukefvufyef;uswm[m vlxk r[kwfyg? EdkifiHa&;orm;awGyJ jzpfEdkfifygw,f? ygawmfrlacwf vlxku
ajcukefvufyef;usawmh 0HomEkacwfvlxku tm;aumif;armif;oef jzpfcJhw,f? 0HomEkacwf ajcukefawmh 1300
jynfhu tm;aumif;armif;oef jzpfcJhw,f? olwdk@ajcukefawmh aemufwacwfvlxku tm;aumif;armif;oef
jzpfaejyefwmyJ? 1988 vlxk ajcukef&if 21 &mpkvlxk tm;aumif;armif;oef jzpfrSmyg?
ordkif;qdkwm ta[mif;udk topfeJ@ tpm;xdk;p+rJ? 'ga=umifh tcgtcGifhaumif;apmifhzdk@ Auy u wifjy
wmyg?

tcgtcGifhaumif; b,fawmhay:rvJ?

pdwfqENeJ@ rqdkifyg? rqv acwfyJ =unfhyg? qENt&ajym&if 1962 Zlvdkifpdwf"mwf[m ESpfywfvnf

ae@wdkif;rSm jyefay:vmr,fvdk@ Auy u xifcJhwmyJ? 'gayrJh rqv u ‘tajccHOya'’ eJ@ txkdifusoGm;wJh 1974
usrS “62 Zlvdkifpdwf"mwf” jyefvnfEdk;xvmwmyJ? 74/ 75/ 76 rSm jyefvnfEdk;xvmayr,fh atmifyGJr&bl;? 1988
usrSyJ atmifyGJ&wmyg? (1962) uae (1988) txd (26) ESpf apmifhcJh&wmyg? tckvnf; tcgtcGifhaumif;apmifhzkd@
pdwf&Snf&ygr,f? xdkifapmifhzdk@ r[kwfyg? wufºupGm apmifhzdk@yg? jyifqifoifhwmawG jyifqif&if; apmifh&rSmyg?

bmawGjyifqifrvJ?

vlxkudk jyif&r,f? (PP) pnf;±Hk;a&; vkyf&r,f? 'gudk tus,fajym+yD;om;yg? tckp+yD; vkyf&rSmu EdkifiHawmf
ppfwyfudk xdk;azmufpnf;±Hk;a&;eJ@ jyifqif&ygr,f? ae0if; t±d_ufxdoGm;wm[m rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@

5
ay:wmyg? pay:wkef;u (15) a,muf aemuf (85) a,muf ygvmw,f? tm;vHk;u ppfwyfxJrSm =oZm&SdwJh
t+idrf;pm;ppfAdkvf}uD;awGcsnf; jzpfygw,f?
tckvkyf&rSmu wm0efxrf;aqmifqJ rsdK;cspfjynfcspf&Jabmfrsm; ay:vmzdk@ jzpfw,f? urBmhtajctae/
Armhtajctaet& ay:vmEdkifw,fvdk@ wGufygw,f? vrf;ray: vlxka&mufaerS tJ'Dvlxkudk ESdrfeif;zdk@ xGufvmwJh
ppfwyfudk pnf;±Hk;zdk@qdk&if aemufusoGm;yg+yD? rvG,fawmhygbl;? 'ga=umifh tckvdk at;aq;aewJh tajctaeup+yD;
pnf;±Hk;zdk@ vdkygw,f? tcsdef,l&ygr,f? ppfausmif;awGxJrSm/ ppfwyfawGxJrSm au'gjr‡KyfESH&ygr,f? wyfrawmfudk
ppftkyfpk wvufudkifb0u vGwfajrmufatmif vkyfEdkifrS atmifyGJ&rSmyg?
ausmif;awGrSm Auo (tðraw) awG v#dK@0SufzJ@G &r,f? ajAmifvkyfvdk@ r&ygbl;? tvkyf±Hk/ puf±HkawGrSmvnf;
tvkyform;or*~ (tðraw) v#dK@0SufzJ@G &r,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;o¿meftm;vHk;[m U/G jzpfw,f? (tðraw) u p+yD;
zGJ@&rSmyg?

&Jabmfw@kd -

vlxktHkºur_awGu tcsdefra&G; jzpfEdkifygw,f? 'gayrJh jynfvHk;u|wftaxGaxGtHkºur_}uD; jzpfatmifawmh

apmifh&vdrfhr,f? jyifqifwm rjynfhpHkao;&if jynfvHk;u|wf taxGaxGtHkºur_}uD; rjzpfEdkifbl;?
vlxktHkºur_xJu ay:xGufvmwJh wufºuwJh tiftm;pkawGudk (jynfwGif;rSm) pkaqmif;xm;zdk@vnf;
vdkw,f? jynfwGif;rSm a&&Snfjr‡KyfESHxm;EdkifrS ta&;ñuH&if xkwfoHk;EdkifrSm jzpfw,f?
'Dwcg tpD&ifcH&wm[m odyf+yD;tuef@towf&Sdw,f? U/G udpPudk vlod&Sif=um;ajymvdk@ rjzpfbl;? 'gayrJh
rajymbJaevdk@vnf; rjzpfvdk@ ajymEdkifwmudk ajymvdkufygw,f? wdk;csJ@pOf;pm;zdk@yg?
‘2008 tajccHOya'’ udk (udk,fhta=umif;eJ@udk,f) vufrcHEdkifwJh tiftm;pkawG rsm;ygw,f? olwdk@udkvnf;
oifhawmfpGm pnf;±Hk;&rSmyg?
“2010” rSm Armjynf&J@ EdkifiHa&;tcif;tusif;[m topfjzpfvmrSm aocsmw,f? “urBmhpD;yGm;ysufuyf”
eJ@vnf; wdkufqdkifaew,f? rar#mfvifhwmawG trsm;}uD; jzpfEdkfifw,f? 'ga=umifh A[dkeJ@ tquftoG,frjywfygapeJ@?

1370 jynfhESpf/ waygif;vqef; 6 &uf?

2009 ckESpf/ rwfv 1&uf?