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Dvb, April 4, 2011
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Rfa, April 1, 2011
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Voa, April 4, 2011
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tzrf;cH&pOf aoqHk;oGm;r_awG/ rk'def;usifhr_awG Posner)u ajymygw,f? “jrefrmEkdifiHu tajc
eJ@ ESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;r_awGudk awG@ae&w,fvdk@ qdk taeawGeJ@ ywfouf+yD;awmh tckxdvnf; us
ygw,f? aemfwdk@ odyf+yD;awmh pdk;&drfae&wkef;ygyJ? txl;
jrefrmEdkifiHu tusOf;axmif (42)ckeJ@ t ojzifh EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om; (2˜000)ausmf tck
usOf;pcef; (100)ausmfrSmae&wJh tusOf;om; csdefxd zrf;qD;xm;wmrdk@ olwdk@ukdjyefv$wfay;zdk@
awGtwGuf usef;rma&;ðypkapmifha&Smufr_ quf+yD;awmh awmif;qdkaeygw,f? 'gwifru
aumif;aumif;rGefrGef r&wJhtjyif aq;0g;/ t ao;ygbl;? a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ ol@&(NLD) JŒ
pm;taomufeJ@ aexdkif&wJh tajctaeqdk; ygwDudkvnf; t"dy`g,fr&SdwJh uef@owfcsufawG
&Gm;r_a=umifh axmifxJ aoqHk;&r_awG&Sdaeovdk eJ@ jyif;jyif;xefxef qufqHaewmudk awG@&vdk@
EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGudk ESpf&Snfaxmif'%f pdk;&drfwmyg? jrefrmtpdk;&tay: ydwfqdk@ta&;
cswm/ rdom;pkeJ@a0;&m vrf;yef;tquft ,lxm;wJh (JADE)tufOya' csrSwfwJhtxJrSm
oG,f cufcJwJhe,fpGefe,fzsm; tusOf;axmif jrefrmEkdifiHqdkif&m tar&duef txl;udk,fpm;
awG ydk@wm/ ESdyfpufn‡if;yrf;wmawG &Sdaewmrdk@ vS,f cef@tyfzdk@ygovdk taumiftxnfazmf
tajctaeawG[m qdk;&Gm;aew,fvdk@ azmfjy zdk@vnf; pvkyfaeyg+yD? tJ'ga=umifh jrefrmht
xm;ygw,f? a&;udk r=umcifrSmyJ zdzdpD;pD;vkyfvmEdkifawmh
vGwfvyfpGm xkwfazmfajymqdkcGifh/ pka0; rSmyg?”
qENjycGifh/ toif;tyif;zGJ@cGifhvdk tvkyform; rpP wm ay:pemu ajymoGm;wmyg? orRw
&ydkifcGifh r&SdwmawGeJ@ vl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@t b&uftdkbm;rm;[m tar&duefEdkifiH&JΠjrefrm
pnf;awG vGwfvGwfvyfvyfzGJ@cGifh r&wmtjyif EdkifiHqdkif&m txl;udk,fpm;tjzpfeJ@ vuf&Sd tm
bmoma&;qdkif&m zdEdSyfr_awGeJ@ cGJjcm;qufqHr_ &Sypdzdwfa'o vHkòcHa&;qkdif&m tqifhjrifht&m
awG &Sdaew,fvdk@ qdkygw,f? 'ghtjyif ukd,fwif &Sdtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaewJh 'J&pfrpf&SJvf
ajr‡mufcsifwJhtpdk;&udk wifajrêmufcGifhr&atmif (Derek Mitchell)udk cef@tyfzdk@twGuf r=umcif
ppftpdk;&u xdef;csKyfxm;w,fvdk@ qdkygw,f? rSmyJa=unmzdk@ &Sdaeygw,f? Ô Ô Ô

EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; csufcsif;vGwf? 11
 tpdk;&opfudk todtrSwfjyKa-umif; a':atmifqef;pk-unf ajym
a':atmifqef;pk=unfu orRw OD;odef; oydwfarSmufcJhygw,f?
pdeftpdk;&opfESifh ywfoufI yxrqHk;t}udrf
tjzpf t&S d ud k t&S dt wd kif ; tod t rS wfð y
a=umif;/ odk@aomf apmifh=unfh&efvdka=umif;
ajym=um;oGm;cJhygw,f?
(RFA)u aom=umae@wdkif; xkwfv$ifh
aom “vlxkeSifh a':atmifqef;pk=unf”u¾
wGif vuf&Sdtpdk;&opfudk todtrSwfðy/ rðy
[laom y&dowfwOD;. ar;cGef;ESifh pyfvsOf;I
“tck tpdk;&opfwck &Sdaew,f qkdwmudk t&Sd
t&Sdtwkdif;yJ todtrSwfðyygw,f? wu,fhudk
jynfolawG&JŒqENudk av;pm;+yD; jynfolawGeJ@
wkdif;jynftwGuf tusdK;&Sdapr,hftpdk;&rsKd; jzpf
rjzpf qk dwmukd awmh enf ;enf ;awmha pmif h
=unfh&OD;rSmyg”[k ajz=um;cJhygw,f?
trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ajyma&;qkd
cGifh&Sdol OD;tkef;óudifu “usaemfwkd@ taxGaxG
twGif;a&;rª;ajymwmu &Sif;ygw,f? tck
olwkd@bufu (2008)zJGŒpnf;yHkeJ@ a&G;aumufyGJ
vkyf+yD; v$wfawmfuwqifh tpkd;&opfwuf
vm+yDqkdwm t&Sdw&m;yJ/ 'Dt&Sdw&m;udk &nf
&G,fajymwmyJjzpfw,f? wkdif;jynfjy\emudk
oufqkdif&m EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifawG awG@qHk
aqG;aEG;rS jzpfrSm”[k &Sif;jyygw,f? tm;vHk;yl;
aygif;yg0ifEkdifap&efESifh awG@qHkaqG;aEG; tajz
&SmEdkifa&;wkd@twGuf (2008)zGJ@pnf;yHk tajccH
Oya'ud k jyef vnfjyifqif ay;&ef(NLD)u awmif ;
qkdcJhygw,f? xkd@aemuf (2010)a&G;aumufyGJ
twGuf jyefvnfrSwfyHkrwifbJ a&G;aumufyGJudk
12 tusOf;uscH wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; csufcsif;vGwf?
Irrawaddy, April 11, 2011
(NLD)onf (1990)
ckESpf ygwDpHktaxGaxGa&G; aumufyGJ&v'frSw
qifh awG@qHkaqG;aEG; tajz&Sma&;twGuf w
pdkufrwfrwf awmif;qkdvmcJhygw,f? (NLD)yg
wDtaejzifh OD;odef;pdeftpdk;&opfxH pmwapmif
a&;om;ay;ydk@xm;a=umif;/ pmyg ta=umif;t
&mtao;pdyfudk oufqdkif&modk@ a&mufaom
tcsdefwGif jynfoludk today;rnfjzpfa=umif;
vnf; od&ygw,f?
a':atmifqef;pk=unf. rSwfcsufESifh tpdk;
&opfxH pmay;ydk@onfhudpP&yfrsm;ESifh ywfouf
+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD
(CRPP)rS OD;at;omatmifu “vufawG@rSm
(2008)zGJ@pnf;yHkt& tpkd;&opfwckawmh jzpf
vm+yDvkd@ a':atmifqef;pk=unfu &nf&G,fyHk
&w,f? 'Dtpkd;&opf[m jynfolawG ar#mfvifh
ovkd tajymif;tvJwck jzpfvmzkd@/ jynfwGif;
+idrf;csrf;a&;eJ@ jynfolawG&JŒaumif;usdK;udk azmf
aqmifr,fvkd@vnf; rxifbl;” [k ajymygw,f?
jynfwGif;/ jynfyrS jrefrmhta&;avhvmolrsm;
u a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf EkdifiHa&;acgif;
aqmifwOD;jzpfI vufawG@EkdifiHa&;udk csifhcsdef
vkyfaqmif&jcif;a=umifhwa=umif;/ awG@qHkaqG;
aEG;a&; jzpfpOfrSwqifh +idrf;csrf;pGm toGiful;
ajymif;a&;ESifh wkdif;jynf. tzufzufrS qif;&J
'kuQa&mufae&jcif;wkd@rS vGwfajrmufap&ef &Sd
aeaom t&Sdw&m;udk ajymjy¶Hkr#omjzpfonfh
csnf;uyfr_t opfj zpfa =umif; oHk;oyf=uyg
w,f? oHwrefa[mif; 0g&ifhEdkifiHa&;orm;}uD;
ocifcsefxGef;u “'guvnf; wkdif;jynf+idrf;csrf;
r,fvkd@ ,Hk=unf+yD; awG@qHkaqG;aEG;a&; jzpfay:
vmzkd@ óud;yrf;aewmvkd@jrifw,f? wu,fhvuf
awG@rSmu b,fvkdyJjzpfjzpf tpkd;&opf wuf
vmwmudk &nfn$ef;ajymwmygyJ? tpkd;&opf
taeeJ@ wkdif;jynftusdK; a&SΦ_+yD; EdkifiHa&;tajz
EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;v$wfzkdŒ orRwOD;odef;pdefxH NLD pmykdŒ
jrefrmorRwopf taeeJ@ wkdif;jynfrSm tJ'gudk vkyfr,fvdk@ cifAsm; (OD;odef;pdef)ajym
w&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;a&; &Sdzkd@vkdw,fvkd@ usrf;opPm
usdefqkdyJGrSm uwdðyoGm;wJhtwkdif; vufawG@
ðyjyifajymif;vJr_awG vkyfaqmifzkd@ trsKd;om;
'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf (NLD)ygwDu pmwapmif
ay;ykd@ wkdufwGef;vkdufygw,f? 'Dvkd aqmif&Guf
wJhae&mrSm yxrajcvSrf;tjzpf EkdifiHa&;t
usOf;om;awGukd jyefv$wfay;wmvkd Oya'eJ@
tnDvkyfaqmifwJh udpPawGukd pwifzkd@vnf;
orRwopfukd ay;ykd@wJhpmrSm azmfjycJhwmyg?
tpkd;&opfukd OD;aqmif+yD; orRwjzpfvmwJh
OD;odef;pdefukd ay;ykd@wJhpmeJ@ywfoufvkd@ (NLD)
ygwD 'kOuUÏ OD;wifOD;u tckvkd &Sif;jyygw,f?
“OD;odef;pdefu wdkif;jynfeJ@ywfoufwJh
(Rule of Law)udk odyfajymw,favAsm/ ol@&JŒ
rdef@cGef;xJrSm? usaemfwdk@ avmuygvw&m;wdk@
bmwd k@ayghAsm? ajymw,fav? usaemfwdk@uvnf;
'gudkyJ vdkcsifwmyg? usaemfwdk@wdkif;jynfrSm
at;at;csrf;csrf; jzpfzdk@qdkwmuawmh ol@&JŒ
rdef@ cGef;xJr SmygwJht wdkif; jynfhjynh fpHkpHka ygh?
usaemfwdk@ 'g w&m;r#wr_/ ajzmifhrwfr_qdkwm
udkajymwmyg? tJ'D[meJ@ ywfouf+yD;awmh ol
ajymxm;wJh avmuygvw&m; twdkif;ayghaemf
trsKd;om;&if-um;apha&; tjrefqHk;taumiftxnfaz: -uygpdkŒ
&S m=uzkd@udk wk dufwGef;csifygw,f”[k ajymygw,f?
EkdifiHwum&Sd jrefrmhta&;v_yf&Sm;ae=u
aom tzGJ@rsm;uvnf; OD;odef;pdef tpkd;&opf
taejzifh tðyoabmaqmifaom vkyfaqmif
r_rsm;r&Sdv#if EkdifiHwumrS zdtm;ay;&ef wkduf
wGef;ae=uygw,f? Ô Ô Ô
Voa, April 11, 2011
xm;wmeJ@ ywfoufvdk@ usaemfwkd@uóudqdk
w,fayghAsm? 'gayrJhvdk@ tckawG@ae&wJh tcsdef
tawmftwGif;rSm 'Duae@txduawmhjzifh
cifAsm;ajymxm;wJh/ qdkxm;wJh tcsuftvuf
awGuawmh usaemfwdk@t&dyfta,mif rawG@
ao;bl;ayghAsm? odk@aomfvnf; cifAsm;ajym
xm;wJhtwdkif; qufvuf+yD;awmh w&m;r#wr_/
jynfolvlxktay:rSm tm;vHk;&=uvdrfhr,fvdk@
ar#mfvifhygw,fqdkwJhta=umif;udk usaemfwdk@
u olwdk@qD a&;vdkufwm? 'gygyJ? tJ'D[meJ@ t
nDvkyfygvdk@ usaemfwdk@u wdkufwGef;wmygyJ?”
orRwopf OD;odef;pdefajym=um;cJhwJh rdef@
cGef;xJ jrefrmEkdifiHrSm Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;ukd vkyf
aqmif r ,f vk d @ xnf h oG if ; ajym=um;cJ h wm
a=umifh Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;ukd wu,fvkdvm;&if
EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG t&ifv$wfay;zkd@ vkd
tyfwJhta=umif; awmif;qkdwJhpmukd (NLD)u
ay;ykd@cJhwmyg? tckykd@vkdufwJhpm[m wufvmwJh
t&yfom; tpkd;&opfeJ@ vufwGJvkyfEkdifzkd@ t
vm;tvm&Sdr&Sd prf;oyfay;ykd@wJhpmjzpfwJh t
a=umif;ukdvnf; OD;wifOD;u qufajymygw,f?
“p+yD;awmh test(prf;oyf) vkyf=unfhwmyg
13
av? wa,mufeJ@wa,muf qufoG,fr_ ol
ajymxm;wJh twdkif;uvnf; usaemfwdk@vdkvm;
wJhtwdkif; 'DESpfcku usaemfwdk@ oabmwlnDr_
&SdEdkifwJhoabmayghAsm? tJ'Dtay:rSm usaemf
wdk@u 'Dtwdkif;av;vkyfyg qdkwJh[mudk p+yD;
awmh pum;quf=unfhwmyJav? usaemfwkd@udk
qufoG,fyJ qufoG,frvm;/ rqufoG,fbJ
'DvdkyJxm;rvm;? 'guawmh olwdk@ ta=umif;
jyefrS odrSmayghAsm? cgwdkif;qdk&ifawmh 'Dvdk t
a=umif;jyefcsifvnf; jyefw,f? rjyef&ifvnf;
owif;pmxJrSm usaemfwdk@a&;wJh pmom;udk wHk@
jyefwJhoabmxm;awGawmh a&;wwfwmawG
&Sdw,f? tJ'gawmh usaemfwdk@ apmifh=unfhae
w,faygh?”
jrefrmEdkifiHrSm tpkd;&opfw&yf ajymif;
oGm;cJhayrJhvnf; wdkif;jynftwGif; Oya'pkd;rkd;r_
uif;rJhwJhvkyf&yfawG ae&mtESH@rSm &Sdaewkef;yJ
qkdwmukdvnf; OD;wifOD;u axmufjyajymqkdyg
w,f? “'Dvdk[mav;awGtay:rSm wlw,f/ nD
w,f / ol wdk@vnf; wu,fvkyfw,fqdk &if
usaemfwdk@ 0rf;omwmayghAsm? bmjzpfvdk@vJqdk
awmh tzrf;tðycHae&wJh taESmiftzGJ@xJrSm
trsm;qHk;u usaemfwdk@ 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk
awGu cH&wmudk;? 'D=um;xJrSmvnf;yJ v,f
orm;awGeJ@ywfouf+yD;awmh ajr,modrf;wm
udk usaemfwkd@ awmif;qdkwmawGeJ@ ywfouf+yD;
awmh w&m;pGJwmawGqdk &if &dkufw,fðyw,f qdk
wmawGu =um;ae&awmh tJ'gav;awGtay:
rSm w&m;r#wr_ay;ygvdk@ 'gav;awGudk usaemf
wkd@ jzpfapcsifwmyg? tJ'gygyJ? tJ'gudk usaemf
wkd@u olwdk@vnf; w&m;r#wr_eJ@ ywfouf+yD;
awmh (Rule of Law)vdk@ ajymw,f? usaemfwkd@
14 “jynfolŒppfr+xrf; Oya'”ESifh “t&HwyfzGJŒ Oya'” udk qefŒusifwdkufzsuf-u
uvnf; tppt&m&m (Rule of Law)ukdyJ jzpf
csifw,fayghaemf/ at;csrf;atmifqkd&if 'Drdku
a&pDjzpfatmifqdk&if? tJ'gu 'Dtay:rSm o
abmxm;u cifAsm;wdk@ 'gav;awGudkawmh
atmifatmifjrifjrif jzpfjzpfajrmufajrmuf
vkyfay;yg/ vkyf&ifawmh usaemfwkd@ auseyfw,f/
0rf;omw,fayghAsm? auseyfw,f/ oabmus
w,fayghAsm? tJ'gav;awGudk usaemfwkd@u p
ysdK;=unfhwmyJav? ”
tpkd;&opf taeeJ@ ajymxm;wJh twkdif; w
u,f vufawG @rSm vkyfaqmifjcif; &Sd/ r&Sd qk dwm
uk dawmh apmif h=unfh &OD ;rS mjzpfw,fvkd@ qkdygw,f?
“olwdk@ wu,fyJ vkyfovm;/ rvkyfbl;
vm;qdkwm =unfhrSmaygh? tck EkdifiHa&;tusOf;
orm;rsm;eJ@ ywfouf+yD;awmhawmifrS vdyfcJ
wif;cJ jzpfaeao;wmyJ? bmta&mifrS rxGuf
ao;bl;av? odwJhtwdkif;yJ? tJ'Dawmh 'gawG
udk apmifh=unfh&rSmaygh? t"duuawmh usaemf
wdk@ EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;rsm; tm;vHk;om
v$wfzdk@qdkwJh[mu ta&;}uD;wmudk;/ usaemf
wkd@twGufu? aemuf+yD;awmh 'gu odyfvnf;
ar#mfvifh=uw,fav? EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;
awG&JŒrdom;pkawG aqG;rsdK;om;csif;awG tm;
vHk;uvnf; ar#mfvifh=uw,f? usaemfwkd@u
vnf;yJ ckeuajymwJh OD;odef;pdefajymwJhtwdkif;
(Rule of Justice)wdk@ (Rule of Law)wdk@eJ@ qdk&if
awmhjzifh 'g pOf;pm;aumif; pOf;pm;&JŒqdk+yD;awmh
apmifhpm;aewm? odk@aomf tckxufxdawmh
rvmao;bl;aygh? o=uFef+yD;vdk@ ESpfqef;w&uf
wdk@ bmwdk@us&ifawmh vmrvm;ayghAsm? tJ'D
vdk[mav;awGuvnf; vlawGu awG;=uwm
ayghAsm?”
 orRw OD;odef;pdefOD;aqmifwJh tpkd;&opf
xH (NLD)u a&;om;ay;ydk @cJhwJh pmygta=umif;
t&mawGudk 'kOuUX OD;wifOD;u ajymjycJhwm
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oufvdk@ tckcsdefxd wpHkw&mta=umif;jyef
=um;jcif;awmh r&Sdao;ygbl;? t&if ppftpkd;&
vufxufrSm t}udrf}udrf ajymcJhwJhtwkdif;bJ
(NLD)taeeJ@ trsKd;om;&if=um;apha&; jzpf
ay:vmatmif awG@qkHaqG;aEG;r_awG vkyf
aqmifzkd@ t+rJwrf; wHcg;zGifhxm;w,fqdkwm
udkvnf; OD;wifOD;u ajymygw,f?
orRwOD;odef;pdefOD;aqmifwJh tpdk;&opft
aeeJ@ jrefrmEkdifiHrSm EkdifiHa&;t& ppfrSefwJh ajymif;
vJr_awGjzpfay:vmzkd@ (NLD)tygt0if jrefrmh
EkdifiHa&;rSm ta&;ygwJh yk*~KdvftzGJ@tpnf;awGeJ@
awG@qkHaqG;aEG;zkd@ ukvor*~eJ@ tar&duefjynf
axmifpk tygt0if wkdif;jynfawmfawmfrsm;rsm;
u wkdufwGef;xm;=uovkdyJ +yD;cJhwJh ukvor*~
vl@tcGifhta&;aumifpD tpnf;a0;wGif;rSmvnf;
Ek dif iHa &;tusOf; om;awG v$ wfa y;zkd @ud pPudk
awmif;qdkcJh=uygw,f?
ÔÔÔ

xdkif;u 'kuQonf wodef;ausmf jyefydkŒrnf

Irrawaddy, April 12, 2011
xkdif;-jrefrm e,fpyf&Sd 'kuQonf pcef; vHkòcHa&;aumifpD tpnf;ta0;Y xkdif;EkdifiH0ef}uD;
(9)ckwGif aexdkifvsuf&Sdaom 'kuQonfw csKyf tzdqpf a0hcsmcsD0 OD;aqmifI xkdif;tpdk;&
odef;ausmfukd xdkif;tpdk;&u jrefrmEdkifiHodk@ jyef wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh awG@qHkaqG;aEG;cJhygw,f?
ydk@Ekdif&ef pDpOfaeygw,f? xkdif;tpdk;&taejzifh “'kuQonfpcef;awGudk b,fawmhydwfypf r
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif tpdk;&opf ay:xGefvmonfh vJqdkwm usaemfwdk@ rajymEdkifao;bl;/ 'gayr,fh
twGuf 'kuQonfrsm;ukdjyefykd@&ef ,ckuJhokd@ pD vkyfzdk@ tpDtpOfawmh&Sd ygw,f/ tck tcsdefrSmawm h
pOfaejcif;jzpfa=umif; od&ygw,f? jrefrmppftpdk;&eJ@ aqG;aEG;aewkef;ygyJ”[k xkdif;
vGefcJhonfh tESpf (20)cef@rS pwifI jref trsKd;om; vHkòcHa&;aumifpDrS rpPwmThawil Plie-
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rsm;ukd ae&yfodk@jyefykd@&ef xkdif;tpdk;&taejzifh tyfa=umif;/ xdkif;EdkifiHwGif &moufyefaexdkif
pDpOfaejcif; jzpfygw,f? 'kuQonfpcef;rsm; oGm;&ef roifhavsmfa=umif; ukvor*~'kuQonf
onf xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf&Sd wmhcfc&dkif/ r,f rsm;qdkif&m r[mrif;}uD;&Hk;(UNHCR)rS Kitty
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awGu uif;vSnhfapmihfa&Smufae=uygw,f? orRwtopf tvmpJef; 0gx&m&JΠtpdk;&topf
atmufrSm tvkyfjyef0if=uzdk@ t&iforRw avm&ifhbufbdk (Laurent Gbagbo)&JΠwyfrawmf
t}uD;tuJ AdkvfcsKyf}uD; zdvpf ruf*l; (Philippe Mangou)u ol@ppfom;awGudk trdef@ay;vdkuf
ygw,f? rpPwm bufbdk&JΠxdyfwef; ppfwyf t&m&Sd}uD;awG[m rpPwm 0gx&mudk opPm&SdrSm
jzpfwJhta=umif; usef;udsefcJh=uygw,f? 'gu rpPwm bufbdkudk zrf;+yD; aemufwpf&uf t=umrSm
jzpfygw,f? (Voa)
wleD;&Sm;orRwa[mif;tay: 18r+ pGJqdkrnf
wleD;&Sm; orRwa[mif; Zif;t,fvftbD'if; beftvD (Zine El Abidine Ben Ali)tay: rl;
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w&m;a&;qdkif&m wm0ef&SdolawG jyifqifae=uygw,f? Ak'<[l;ae@nydkif;u xkwfv$ifhwJh tpdk;&
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rpP wm bef tvDtygt0if ol@&JŒrdom;pk0if awG/ ol@&JŒEdkifiHa&;r[mrdwfawGtay: tr_aygif; (44)r _
avmuftxd w&m;pGJqdkzdk@ jyifqifaew,fvdk@ w&m;a&;0ef}uD;u ajymygw,f? Zefe0g&Dvu
wleD;&Sm;jynfolawG&JŒ tHkºuGr_a=umifh EdkifiHudk (23)ESpf=um tkyfcsKyfvmcJhwJh orRw beftvD &m
xl;uae qif;ay;cJh&+yD; aqmf'Dtma&bD;,m;EdkifiHudk xGufajy;wdrf;a&SmifcJh&ygw,f? ol@rdom;pk0if
wcsKdŒeJ@ wleD;&Sm;rSmusefcJhwJh teD;uyfyk*~dKvfawGuawmh tck xdef;odrf;cHae&ygw,f? (Voa)
u'gzDwyf wm;jrpfvufeufoHk;
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tpkd;&wyfzGJ@awGu olwkd@xkd;ppfqifwJhae&mawGrSm qifhuJaygufuGJwJh AkH;awGukd tokH;ðycJhw,fvkd@
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16 vuf0g;}uD;tkyf pD;yGm;a&;pepfrsm; y,f&Sm;ay;?

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u &kdufwmowif;Xmeukd ajymygw,f? taotaysmuf &Sdw,fqkdwJh owif;awmh r&ao;bl;vkd@
tJ'D ajymcGifh&yk*~Kdvfu qkdygw,f? tJ'D qifhuJaygufuGJwJhAkH;awG[m ypfrSwfukd wdwdususrSef
wmr[kwfbJ txdef;tuGyfr&Sd AkH;qefawG pifcsifwJhae&m pifwwfwmrkd@ tJ'DAkH;awGukd tokH;rðyzkd@
EkdifiHawmfawmfrsm;rsm;u ydwfyifxm;wmyg? (Voa)
c&dkat;&Sm; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;udk 24 ESpf jypf'%fay;
Croatia EdkifiHrSm trsKd;om; ol&Jaumif; tjzpf vltrsm;u ,lq=uwJh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;a[mif;
tefwD *dkwdkAD;em; udk vlrqefwJh &ufpufr_/ ppf&mZ0wfr_/ n‡if;yrf; EdSyfpufr_wdkŒ usL;vGefcJhw,f
qdkwJh pGyfpGJcsufawGeJΠEdkifiHwum ppf&mZ0wfckH&kH;u axmif'%f (24)ESpf csrSwf vdkufygw,f?
w&m;&kH;&JŒawGŒ&SdcsufawGt& qkH;jzwfcsufudk w&m;ol}uD;u ajymoGm;&mrSm ,l*dk qvm;AD;,m;
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xif&Sm;wJhacgif;aqmifwpfa,muf jzpfygw,f? oleJŒtwl pGyfpGJ cHcJh&wJh(Mladen Markac)uawmh
axmif'%f (18)ESpf csrSwfcHcJh&ygw,f? olwdkŒ&JŒa&SŒaeawGu 'DqkH;jzwfcsuftay: t,lcH0ifr,fvdkŒ
ajym=uygw,f? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;a[mif; aemufwpfa,mufjzpfwJh(Ivan Cermak)udkawmh w&m;&kH;u
w&m;ao vGwfcJhygw,f? tck w&m;pD&ifr_tay: c&dkat;&Sm; tpdk;&eJΠjynfolwGau a'gow}uD;
wkHŒjyefcJh=uygw,f? (BBC)

Edkif*sD;&D;,m; a&G;aumufyGJ vuf&Sd orRwbJ Edkif

Edkif*sD;&D;,m; EdkifiHrSm orRwa&G;aumufyGJ usif;yae&mrSm &v'fawGt& vuf&SdorRw
(Goodluck Jonathan)u yxr tqifhrSmwif tjywftowf tEdkif&+yDvdkΠ,lq&ygw,f? a&eH
xGuf&m Edkif*smjrpf0Srf;u c&pf,efbmom0ifwa,mufjzpfwJh rpPwm *sdKeoef[m vwfwavm
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awmh EdkifiHajrmufydkif; rlqvifawGv$rf;rdk;&mae&mu axmufcHr_&&Sdol jzpfygw,f? Edkif*sD;&D;,m;
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vdk@ac:wJh tzGJ@}uD;u 'Dqkudk a&G;cs,fcsD;jr‡ifhwm
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xm;ygw,f? (TBBC)tzGJ@onf 'kuQonfrsm;ukd
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rsm;ay;aeaom tpdk;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@rsm;
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ygw,f? Ô Ô Ô
Voa, April 12, 2011
uvifwefudk,fwkdif qkcsD;jr‡ifh *k%fðypum;
ajym=um;rSm jzpfygw,f? jrefrmEkdif iHxJu
trsKd;orD;xktay: t=urf;zuf zdESdyfr_awGudk
urBmu txl;apmifh=unfhaew,fqkdwm jyo
zdk@ a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk qka&G;cs,fcsD;jr‡ifhcJh
wm jzpfwJtha=umif; (Vital Voices)ac: trsKd;
orD;xktwGuf r&SdrjzpftoHrsm;vdk@ t"dy`g,f
&wJh tzGJ@}uD;&JŒt}uD;tuJawGu ajymygw,f?
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aqmifawGudk 0g&Sifweftajcpdkuf (The Vital
Voices Global Partnership)tzG J @ u ES p f p Of
*k%fðycsD;jr‡ifhavh &Sdygw,f? 'DESpfrSmawmh jrefrmh
'Drkdua&pD acgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unf
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awmfjzpfcJhwJh vuf&SdEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; [,f
vm&Duvifwef/ EdkifiHjcm;a&; 0ef}uD;a[mif;
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Partnership)tzGJ@u t}uD;tuJa wGeJ@ 'DESpf
twGuf qkvufcH&&SdolawG owif;pm&Sif;vif;
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}uD;tuJjzpfwJh (Alyse Nelson)u jrefrmh'Drkd
ua&pDacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@
ywfouf+yD; tckvdk ajymygw,f?
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usrwdk@udk owdw& &Sdapygw,f?”
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tmz*efe pP wef rS m trsKd; orD ;awGt wG uf
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(Vital Voice Global Partnership)tzGJ@}uD;
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19
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20 nD!Gwfjcif;onf tiftm;?
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'Dqkudk jrefrmEdkifiH vl@tcGifhta&; óud;yrf;
aqmif & G uf r _ t wG uf (2008)ck E Sp f wk ef ; u
(SWAN)ac: &Srf;trsKd;orD;a&;&m tzGJ@u &Srf;
wdkif;&if;ol eef;csrfawmif;eJ@ xdkif;tajcpdkuf
jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDta&; v_yf&Sm;ol rcifOrRmwdk@
udkvnf; csD;jr‡ifhay;cJhwm jzpfygw,f? Ô Ô Ô
Rfa, April 12, 2011
cJh+yD; jzpfygw,f? aqG;aEG;yJGjzpfajrmufzdk@twGuf
=um;cHaqmif¶Gufay;cJhwmu jynfol@ppfzJGŒ
oGm;cJhwJh (SSA)ajrmufydkif; wyfr[m (7)u
acgif;aqmifawG jzpfw,fvdk@ trnfrazmfvdkwJh
a'ocHwOD;u ajymygw,f?
(SSA)ajrmufydkif;[m +yD;cJhwJh rwfvukef
ydkif;avmufuwnf;u jrefrmtpdk;&wyfawGeJ@
uGef[dkif;eJ@ wef@,ef;t=um;rSm r=umc%
wkdufyJGawG jzpfcJhygw,f? tckqdk&if tpdk;&wyf
awG[m eef@yefeJ@ oHvGifjrpf=um;u a'oawG
udk wyfpJGxm;Edkif+yDjzpfwJhtwGuf (UWSA)eJ@
(SSA)ajrmufydkif; wyfr[m (1)wyfawGt=um;
ppfa&;t& ydkif;jcm;xm;Edkifovdk jzpfaew,fvdk@
od&ygw,f ? (SSA) ajrmufydkif; wyfr[m (1)udk
ppfa&;t& qufvufzdtm;ay;ae&if (SSA)
awmifydkif;wyfawGeJ@ jyefvnfaygif;pnf;oGm;
jrefrmtay: ydwfqdkŒta&;,lr+ tD;,loHk;oyf
jrefrmtpkd;&bufu ppfrSefwJh ajymif;vJ oufvkd@ +AdwdefEdkifiHtajcpkduf jrefrmhta&;v_yf
r_awGvkyfaqmif&if Oa&myor*~ (EU)u jref
rmtpkd;&tay: csrSwfxm;wJh ydwfqkd@'%fcwfr_
awGukd tuef@towfeJ@ av#mhcsay;zkd@ tD;,lu
pOf;pm;aeygw,f? b,fvf*sD,HEkdifiH b&yfqJvf
(Brussels)òrdŒrSm usif;yr,fh tD;,l EkdifiHjcm;a&;
0ef}uD;awG&JΠpnf;a0;yGJtwGif; jrefrmhta&;ukd
xnfhoGif;aqG;aEG;=urSm jzpfygw,f?
jrefrmjynftay: ydwfqkd@'%fcwfxm;
awGukd oufwrf;wkd;zkd@ jyefvnfokH;oyf&mrSm
orRwOD;odef;pdef OD;aqmifwJh jrefrmtpkd;&opf
xJu t&yfbufacgif;aqmifwcsKdŒtay: jynf
0ifcGifh ADZmydwfxm;wmukd ,m,Dtm;jzifh w
ESpf¶kyfodrf;ay;oGm;zkd@ aqG;aEG;aew,fvkd@ tD;
,ltzGJ@0if tpkd;&t&m&SdawGeJ@ eD;pyfwJhtokdif;
t0kdif;u ajymygw,f? b&yfqJvfòrdŒrSmusif;y
r,fh tD;,lEkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;awG&JΠpnf;a0;
yGJtwGif; jrefrmEkdifiHta=umif; aqG;aEG;=uwJ
tcg usvmEkdifajc&SdwJh qkH;jzwfcsufawGeJ@ ywf
xGufaygufudkr&SmbJ azgufxGuf-u?
rSm pdk;&drfwJhtwGuf tckvdk aqG;aEG;zdk@urf;vSrf;
wm jzpfEdkifw,fvdk@vnf; tuJcwfawGu ajym
ygw,f?
wu,fvdk@awGŒqHkaqG;aEG;r_ tqifajy&if
tiftm; (3000)cef@ &dSwJh (SSA)ajrmufydkif;
wyfr[m (1)udk 0ef[dkif;a'orSm jyefvnfae
&may;r,fvdk@vnf; tpdk;&zufu urf;vSrf;
xm;w,fvdk@ od&ygw,f?
ÔÔÔ
Voa, April 12, 2011
&Sm;r_tzGJ@ (Burma Campaign UK)u !$ef
=um;a&;rª; rmhuf zmrmem (Mark Farmaner)
u ajymjyygw,f? “jrefrmtpkd;&0ef}uD;awG
tay: vuf&SdcsrSwfxm;wJh jynf0ifcGifhADpm ydwf
qkd@xm;wmawGukd qufvufxm;&SdoGm;r,f
vkd@ usaemfwkd@ ar#mfvifhygw,f? 'gayrJh tpkd;&
opfxJrSmygvmwJh 0ef}uD;topfawG ukdawmh
wESpf &kwfodrf;ay;xm;r,fvkd@ usaemfwkd@ od&
ygw,f? 'g[m tpkd;&opftaeeJ@ t&yfom;
awGukd tpkd;&&JŒta&;ygwJhae&mawGrSm wkd;csJŒ
cef@tyfr ,fqkd&if/ ppfr SefwJh ajymif; vJr_ukd
azmfaqmifay;r,fqkd&if wkd@bufuvJ t
av#mhay;oGm;zkd@ tqifoihfyJqkdwmukd tD;,l
bufuvnf; jyovkdufwm jzpfygw,f? 'gayrJh
ppfrSefwJhajymif;vJr_awGukd jrefrmtpkd;&bufu
vkyfrvm&ifawmh tJ'D t&yfom; 0ef}uD;tzGJ@
0ifawGvnf; wESpf=umwJhtcg jynf0ifcGifhADpm
tydwfcH&wJh pm&if;xJ txnfhcH&rSmygyJ?”
21
 tD;,lzufu tckvkd tðyoabmaqmif }uD;awG&JŒ tpnf;a0;twGif; jrefrmtpkd;&eJ@
wJh rl0g'awGukd jyifqifcsrSwfzkd@ pOf;pm;vmwm xdawG@qufqH+yD; EkdifiHa&;t& zdtm;awG ykd
[m jrefrmEkdifiHtwG if; ppfrSefwJh ajymif ;vJr_awG ay;Ekdifatmif tD;,l0ef}uD;awG jrefrmjynfukd
vkyfaqmifvmwmukd jrifawG@vkdwJhtwGuf w&m;0ifoGm;cGifhðyzkd@ qkH;jzwfcsuf usaumif;
jzpfygw,f? “jrefrmEkdifiHxJrSm ajymif;vJr_awG usEkdifw,fvkd@ qkdygw,f? wu,fvkd@ tD;,l0ef
azmfaqmif&if ydwfqkd@ta&;,lr_awGukd tD;,l }uD;awG jrefrmjynfukd oGm;jzpfw,fqkd&ifvnf;
zufu av#mhay;zkd@ tqifoifh&Sdw,f qkdwmukd a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ awG@ukdawG@&r,fqkdwJh
tcsufay;vkdufwmyg? 'gayrJh b,fvkdajymif;vJ rl0g'ukdvnf; csrSwfEkdifw,fvkd@ rmhufzmrmem
r_rsKd;ukd vkdcsifw,fqkdwJh tay:rSmawmh tD;,l u ajymygw,f?
zuf u jywfjywf om;om; &Sd zkd @vkdygw,f ? 'ga=umif h jrefrmEkdifiHeJ@ywfoufwJh tD;,l&JŒoabm
ta&;ygwJh qkH;jzwfcsufawG rcscifrSm a':atmif xm; ajymif;vJr_awGjzpfay:vmatmif tckvkd
qef;pk=unfwkd@/ (NLD)wkd@eJ@ t&if aqG;aEG;+yD; oabmxm;aysmhajymif;wJh rl0g'awG csrSwf
bmawGukd csrSwfvkyfaqmifoifhw,f qkdwmukd vmEkdif atmif *smreDe J@ tDwvDEkdif iHwkd@u
usaemfwkd@u n‡dE_dif;apcsifwmyg? Oyrmtm; aemufuG,fuae óud;yrf;ae=uwmyg? jrefrm
jzifh wu,fvkd@ jrefrmtm%mykdifawGu EkdifiH EkdifiHrSm vl@tcGifhta&;eJ@ EkdifiHa&; tajctae
a&; tusOf;om;awGukd v$wfay;vkdufr,fqkd&if awG wkd;wufr_r&Sdbl;qkd+yD; tzJG@0if (27)EkdifiH
b,fvkd ydwfqkd@ta&;,lr_awGukd tD;,lbufu yg0ifwJh (EU)u (1996)ckESpfuwnf;u ydwf
&kyfodrf;ay;rSmvJ/ wkdif;&if;om; vufeufukdif qkd@'%fcwfr_awG csrSwfusifhokH; vmaewmjzpf
wyf z G J@ awG t ay: xk d ;ppf qif aewmawG uk d +yD; wESpfwcg oufwrf; wkd;vmaecJhwmyg?
&yfwef@vkduf&if b,fvkd ydwfqkd@ta&;,lr_awG tar&duef jynfaxmifpkuawmh jrefrm
ukd &kyfodrf;ay;rSmvJ pojzifh tD;,lbufu EkdifiHrSm tpkd;&opf ay:aygufvmayrJhvnf; t
jywfjywfom;om; jzpfzkd@ vkdygw,f?” ay:,Htajymif;tvJawGom jzpfwmrkd@ ydwfqdk@
tD;,lEkdifiHjcm;a&; 0ef}uD;awG&JΠpnf;a0; '%fcwfr_awGukd qufvufusifhokH;oGm;rSm jzpf
yGJukd b&yfqJvfòrdŒrSm usif;yae=uwmjzpf+yD; w,fvkd@ ajym=um;cJhygw,f?
b&yfqJvf a'opHawmfcsdef naeapmif;ykdif;rSm trsKd;om; 'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyfygwDuawmh
awmh jrefrmEkdifiHeJ@qkdifwJh qkH;jzwfcsufawGukd '%fcwfr_awG[m vlxkxuf tkyfcsKyfolawGeJ@
w&m;0if xkwfjyefEkdifvdrfhr,fvkd@ tD;,l t&m olwkd@eJ@eD;pyfolawGukdom xdckdufapwmrkd@ xd
&SdawGu ajymygw,f? tD;,ltzGJ@0if EkdifiHawGu a&mufr_&SdwJhta=umif; a=unmcsufwapmif
EkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;awG[m avmavmq,f xkwfjyefajymqkdxm;ygw,f?
jrefrmEkdifiHukd w&m;0ifoGm;a&mufcGifh r&Sd=u ÔÔÔ
ygbl;? 'gayrJh usif;ywJh tD;,lEkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef

22 2008zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk vHk;0vufrcHEdkif
 EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; v$wfrS qufqHa&; vrf;yGifhEdkif
Edkiif Ha&;tusOf;om;rsm;udk v$wfay;rnf oufvdk@ xdxda&mufa&muf vkyfygqdkwJho
qdkygu tpdk;&opfESifh 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;
t=um; yGifhvif;aomqufqHa&; vrf;a=umif;
wck jzpfvmEdkifonf[k trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyf 'kOuUÏ OD;wifOD;u ajymygw,f?
tmqD,H EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;rsm; tpnf;
ta0;Y jrefrmEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;opf OD;0À
armifvGifu a':atmifqef;pk=unf tygt0if
jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;wGif oufqdkifol tm;vHk;ESifh
qufoG,fa&;wHcg; zGifhxm;a=umif; ajymqdkcJhr_
tay: wk@Hjyefajymqdkvdkufjcif; jzpfygw,f? “Edkif
iHa&;tusOf;om;awG v$wfzdk@udpPu ta&;}uD;
wmudk;As? a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;&ifyJ v$wfrvm;/
v$wfawmf ac:+yD;&ifyJ v$ wfrvm;/ orRw usrf;
usde+f yD;&ifyJ v$wfrvm;/ tckqdk EdkifiHa&;t
usOf;om; rdom;pkeJ@ 'Drdkua&pD tiftm;pkawG
uawmh ESpfqef;w&ufrSmyJ v$wfrvm;aygh?
'gawGjzpfvm&ifawmh ajymqdkxm;wJhtwkdif;yJ
yGifhyGifhvif;vif; qufqH=uzdk@ vrf;yGifhoGm;wJh o
abmawmh &SdwmayghAsm”[k ajymqdkygw,f?
tpdk;&opfESifh qufqHa&;twGuf vrf;p
yGifhap&ef óud;pm;onf@taejzifh (NLD)'kOuUÏ
vufrSwfxdk;um orRw OD;odef;pdefxH ,cif
tywfxJwGif pmwapmifay;ydk@cJhaomfvnf;
wk@Hjyefr_wpHkw&m r&Sdao;a=umif;vnf; OD;wif
OD;u ajymygw,f? “OD;odef;pdef&JŒ rdef@cGef;u
w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;wdk@/ w&m;r#wa&;wdk@/
avmuygvw&m;wdk @ ajymxm;awmhum
usaemfwdk@uvnf; w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;eJ@ ywf
vlrsKd;tm;vHk; cGifhwlnDr#tvkyf vkyfEdkifa&;ESifh tcGifhtvrf;&&Sda&;?
Mizzima, April 12, 2011
abm wdkufwGef;wmyJ? vuf&SdtajctaerSm
w&m;¶Hk;awGbmawGrSm ajym&qdk& vGwfvGwf
vyfvyf rjzpfao;wmudk jzpfatmifvkyfay;yg
vdk@? tðyoabmaqmifwJh/ &&SdEdkifwJhoabmudk
prf;oyfa&;vdkufwJh tpoabmyJAs”[k olu
ajymqdkygw,f?
w&m;¶Hk;rsm;wGif trsm;jrifomatmif ppf
aq;a&;uJhodk@ erlemrsm;udk axmufjy+yD; vGwf
vyfaom w&m;pD&ifa&;ESifh w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;
a&;wdk@udk trSefwu,fazmfaqmif&ef pmxJ
wG if wd k uf wG e f ; xm;ygao;w,f ? xd k @ jyif
‚if;pmrSm (NLD). (66)ESpfajrmuf zufqpf
awmfvSefa&;ae@ a=unmcsufyg &if=um;apha&;
oabmxm;rsm;ESifh wqufwnf;jzpfonf[k
OD;wifOD;u qkdygw,f?
pmygta=umif;t&mrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;I
tpdk;&opftaejzifh rnfr# vdkufavsmvmEdkif
onfudkrl OD;wifOD;u “aemufydkif;vmwm
=unfh&rSmyJ? t&ifvdkyJ oGm;wmyJvm;? OD;odef;
pdefu vGwfvGwfvyfvyf vkyfEdkifwJh taet
xm;awG &Sdovm;”[k olu ajymygw,f? Ô
23
}uHhzGHŒtpkd;&ESifh ywfouf_yD; &ckdifjynftrsKd;om;aumifpD(ANC) u abmxm;xkwfjyef
Arakanreview, April 13, 2011
&ckdifjynftrsKd;om;aumifpD (ANC)u aumifpDu vkH;0todtrSwf rðyEkdifbl;? 'g
(2010)a&G;aumufyGJa=umifh jzpfay:vmaom a=umifh qef@usif&wm jzpfw,f”[k qkdygw,f?
}uHhzGHŒtpkd;&ESifh ywfouf+yD; oabmxm;ukd (2010)a&G;aumufyGJESifhtwl &ckdifjynf
xkwfjyefa=unmvkduf=umif; od&Sd&ygw,f? e,ftpkd;&qkd+yD; ay:aygufvmjcif;ESifh ywfouf
xkdokd@ xkwfjyefa=unmjcif;ESifh ywfouf I &ckdifjynf trsKd;om;aumifpD&JŒoabmxm;
+yD; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; OD;xGef;aZmfukd ukd ar;jref;=unfh&m olu “(2008)zGJ@pnf;ykH t
qufoG,far;jref;=unhf&m olu “bma=umifh ajccHOya't& cGifhðyay;xm;wJh jynfe,ftpdk;&
qef @ usif & ovJ q k d a wmh t"d u uawmh awG[m ppfAkdvfwrwfom;eJ@ t&yf0wfvJ ppf
(2008)zGJŒpnf; tkyfcsKyfykHukd tajccH+yD;awmh Akdvfa[mif;awG }uHhzGwfygwD0ifawGuyJ }uD;pkd;
wufvmwJh tpkd;&jzpfvkd@yJ? (2008)zGJŒpnf;ykH ae+yD;awmh wkdif;&if;om;ukd,fpm;ðyygwD ukd,f
[m wjynfaxmif zGJŒpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHyJ jzpfw,f? pm;vS,fawGtaeeJ@ bmrSvkyfvkd@r&wJh [efjy
aemuf+yD; v$wfawmf&JŒ&v'ftm;vkH;[m ppf jynfe,ftpkd;&omom jzpfaew,f”[k &Sif;jy
tkyfpk&JΠtusKd;pD;yGm;oufoufom jzpfw,f? ygw,f?
EkdifiHawmf tm%mqkdwm[mvJ jynfolvlxk &ck difjynf trsKd;om;aumifpD taejzifh
vufxJrSm &Sdwmr[kwfbl;? ppftkyfpk vufxJ a&S Πquf rnfuJhokd@ aqmif&GufoGm;rnfenf;[k
rS myJ &S d aeao;w,f ? 'gawG[m &k yfao;v$ wfawmf ar;jref;&m OD;xGef;aZmfu “usaemfwkd@wkdif;jynf
tpnf;ta0;awGu oufaojyaew,f”[k u ESpfaygif; (60)ausmf=um jynfwGif;ppfukd t
ajym=um;ygw,f? olu quf+yD;ajymjyonfrSm qkH;owfzkd@twGuf wkdif;&if;om;awG&Jh ppfrSefwJh
“}uHhzGHŒygwD tpkd;&[m wu,fhawmh jynfolukd ukd,fykdifjyXmef;cGifheJ@ wef;wla&;awG&SdrS jzpfr,f?
ukd,fpm;ðywJh w&m;0iftpkd;& w&yfr[kwfwJh 'DtwGuf usaemfwkd@ qufvufwkdufyGJ0ifoGm;
twGuf u|efawmfwkd@ &ckdifjynf trsKd;om; rSm jzpfygw,f”[k ajym=um; oGm;cJhygw,f? Ô
tD;,lydwfqdkŒr+wcsdKŒ acwWav#mhaomfvnf; NLD rlrajymif;
Voa, April 13, 2011
jrefrmEkdifiHtay:xm;&SdwJh ydwfqkd@ta&; ay: wkH@jyefajym=um;&mrSm (NLD)ajymcGifh&
,l r_awG[m tusKd;rJhvk yf&yfr[kwfb l;vk d@ yk*~Kdvf OD;^m%f0if;u tckvkd ajym=um;vkduf
(NLD)trsKd;om; 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyfu ajym wmyg? wcsdefwnf;rSmyJ ydwfqkd@ta&;,lxm;
=um;vkdufygw,f? tD;,l Oa&myor*~u jref wmawGukd &kyfodrf;ay;zkd@ awmif;qkdaewJh 'Drkdu
rmtm%mykdifawGtay: xm;&SdwJh jypf'%fxJ a&pD r[mrdwf (10)ygwDtzGJ@0if &ckdifwkdif;&if;
u wcsKdŒtcsufawGukd acwW qkdif;ihHvkdufwJht om;rsm; wkd;wufa&;ygwD (RNDP)ygwDOuUÏ
24 vuf0g;}uD;tkyf pD;yGm;a&;pepfrsm; y,f&Sm;ay;?
a'gufwm at;armifuawmh tD;,lbufu
tckvkd oufn‡mr_jyovkd jrefrmtm%mykdif
awGbufuvnf; wkH@jyefaqmif&Gufcsuf jyozkd@
ar#mfvifhw,fvkd@ qkdygw,f?
jrefrmtpkd;&tay: csrSwfxm;wJh ydwfqkd@
ta&;,lr_awGeJ@ ywfoufv(NLD) kd@ &JΠoabm
xm; rajymif;vJ wJhta=umif ;udkawmh ajymcGifh&
yk*~Kdvf OD;^m%f0if;u tckvdk wkH@jyefajymqkdcJhyg
w,f? “usaemfwdk@ (Sanctions)('%fcwfydwfqdk@
ta&;,lr_)eJ @ywfouf+yD;awmh (NLD)rl u
rajymif;ygbl;? tck tD;,luvkyfwmudkvnf;
usaemfwkd@em;vnfwmu (Sanctions)awG &kyf
odrf;zdk@ olwdk@uvrf;zGifhay;wJh oabmyJ? olwdk@
u (Time Limit)tcsdefumv owfrSwfcsuf
vnf;ygw,fvdk@ ajymygw,f? tJ'D owfrSwf
csufjynfhvdk@rS bmrSrxl;vm&if t&iftwdkif;yJ
jyefjzpfr,fqdkwJh t"dy`g,fvnf; ,lvdk@&ygw,f?
tJ'Dawmh usaemfwdk@ tzGJ@csKyftaeeJ@uawmh
(Sanctions)[m usaemfwdk@udpPawmhr[k wfbl;?
okd @aomf tJ'gxm;jcif;tm;jzif h usaemfwdk@tusdK;rJh
r[kwfbl;vdk@ 'DvdkyJjrifygw,f”? (NLD)ajym
cGifh&yk*~Kdvf OD;^m%f0if; ajymjycJhwmyg?
&ckdifwkdif;&if;om;rsm; wkd;wufa&;ygwD
(RNDP)OuUX a'gufwmat;armifuawmh
tD;,lbufu tckvkd oabmxm;aysmhajymif;
ay;vmovkdyJ tpkd;&bufuvnf; vkdufavsm
vkyfaqmifzkd@ ol@taeeJ@ ar#mfvifhw,fvkd@
qkdygw,f? “aysmhaysmif;vmw,fvdk@yJ ,lqyg
w,f? usaemfwkd@ vuf&Sdvnf;yJ zGJ@pnf;yHkt&
ay:aygufvmwJh tpdk;&u 'Drkdua&pDtoGif ul;
ajymif;a&;udk pwifvSrf;ae+yDvdk@ usaemfwdk@ ,l
q&wJhoabmawGudk ar;cGef;oHk;cku azmfjyae
trsKd;om;&if-um;apha&; tjrefqHk;taumiftxnfaz: -uygpdkŒ
w,fav? tJ'Dawmh usaemfwkd@ jynfaxmifpk
tpdk;&tzGJ@rSmvnf; ckeu tD;,luajymovdk
yJav t&yfom;awGvnf; ygvmygw,f? jynf
cdkifòzd;ygwD0if jzpfaumif;jzpfEkdifwmayghaemf?
'gayrJhvdk@vnf; tckvdk tD;,lu p+yD;awmh
avsmhayghay;wmudk óudqdkygw,f? trsm;}uD;
vnf; yGifhvif;jrifomwJh 'Drdkua&pDtoGiful;
ajymif;a&; tpDtpOfav; pepfwuseJ@ jzpfvm
r,fvdk@ usaemfwkd@ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tay:rSm
usaemf wk d @ ar#mf r S e f ; ygw,f ? aumif ; wJ h
vuQ%mudk p+yD; vSrf;w,f/ tJ'D[may:udk rl
wnf+yD;umrSvnf; jrefrmEdkifiH jynfaxmifpk
tpdk;&uvnf;yJ olvSrf;ovdk udk,fhbufu
vnf; vSrf;Edkifr,fvdk@ usaemf,lqygw,f”
(RNDP)ygwDOuUX a'gufwmat;armif
ajymjycJhwmyg?
wqufwnf;rSmyJ 'DudpPeJ@ywfouf+yD;
xkdif;/ vmtdk/ uarBm'D;,m; EkdifiHrsm;qdkif&m
tD;,loHtrwf}uD; a';ApfvpfyfrJef (David
Lipman)uawmh ta&;,lr_awG acwW&yfqdkif;
xm;wm[m xdawG@quf qHr_ ðyvkyfvdkwJh
twGufjzpfw,fvdk@ tckvdk ajym=um;cJhygw,f?
“usaemfwkd@[m xdawG@qufqHzdk@ vdkyg
w,f? jrefrmtpdk;&eJ@ qufqHvdkygw,f? wjcm;
'Drdkua&pD tiftm;pkawGeJ@ xdawG@vdkygw,f?
'ga=umifh usaemfwkd@[m 'D '%fcwfta&;,lr_
tcsdKŒudk qdkif;iHhvdkufwm jzpfygw,f? jrefrmEdkif
iHeJ@ tqifhjrifh xdawG@qufqHa&;awG vkyfEdkifzdk@
twGuf tckvdk qdkif;iHwm jzpfygw,f?”
tD;,loHtrwf}uD; a';ApfvpfyfrJef ajym
=um;cJhwm jzpfygw,f?
ÔÔÔ
25
 wdk;wufr+ppfrppf owdxm;oHk;oyfzdkΠa':pkwdkufwGef;
jrefrmjynf&JΠEkdifiHa&;jzpfpOfawGrSm tm; jzpfpOfawGrSm yg0ifcGifhay;zdk@ jrefrm tm%mydkif
vkH;yg0ifcGihf &&Sda&;twGuf 0dkif;0ef;ulnDaqmf
=ozdk@ jrefrmh'Drkdua&pDacgif;aqmif a':atmif
qef;pk=unfu EkdifiHwum trsKd;orD;acgif;
aqmifawGudk arwWm&yfcHvkdufygw,f? tar&d
uefEkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; [Dvm&Duvifwefu
vnf; a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ (NLD)ygwDt
ay: uef@owfydwfyifwmawG rvkyfzdk@ jrefrm
ppftpdk;&udk awmif;qdkcJhygw,f? 0g&SifwefòrdŒ
awmf uae'D p if w mtaqmuf t OD ; rS m
a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ EkdifiHwum trsKd;orD;
acgif;aqmifawGudk (Vital Voices Global Partn-
ership)tzGJ@}uD;u qkay;yGJtcrf;tem; usif;
y+yD; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu AGD'D,dkeJ@ trSm
pum; ajym=um;cJhwm jzpfygw,f?
“'DnrSm usrwdk@ a':atmifqef;pk=unf
udk *k%fðyvdkygw,f? rdom;pk/ jyifyurBmeJ@ ESpf
aygif;rsm;pGm tquftoG,f jzwfawmufcHcJh
&wmawGudk =uHh=uHhcH&yfwnfcJhol/ oHr%dvdk cGef
tm;eJ@ r,drf;r,dkif ckdifrmwJhol”vdk@ tar&duef
EkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; [Dvm&Duvifwefu 0g&Sif
wefòrdŒawmf orRwa[mif; *|eftufzf uae'D
trSwfw&taqmuftOD;}uD;&JΠqkay;yGJcef;r
rSm ajymqkdoGm;cJhygw,f?
a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk vGwfajrmuf
a&;twGuf a&SŒaqmifvrf;jy &kef;uef v_yf&Sm;
oltjzpf q,fpkESpf&JŒtoHqkdwJh acgif;pOfeJ@
*k%fðycsD;jr‡ifhwm jzpfygw,f? “a':atmifqef;
pk=unfeJ@ ol@&JŒygwDudk jrefrmEkdifiH&JŒ EkdifiHa&;
26 “jynfolŒppfr+xrf; Oya'”ESifh “t&HwyfzGJŒ Oya'” udk qefŒusifwdkufzsuf-u
Voa, April 13, 2011
awGudk usrxyf+yD; awmif;qdkvdkygw,f? olwkd@
udk vGwfvyfpGmv_yf&Sm;cGifheJ@ pk&kH;cGifhawG ay;zdk@
vnf; awmif;qkdygw,f”vdk@ tar&duef EkdifiH
jcm;a&;0ef}uD; [Dvm&D uvifwefu ajymqkd
oGm;ygw,f?
jrefrmh'Drkdua&pDacgif;aqmif a':atmif
qef ;pk =unf uvnf; tcrf ;tem;twGuf
AGD'D,dkuwqifh trSmpum; ay;ydk@cJhygw,f?
“usrwdk@[m vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf &kef;
uefv_yf&Sm;aeolawG/ tajccHtcGifhta&;t
wGuf &kef;uefwdkufyGJ0ifaeolawGqkdwm vlawG
owdw& &Sdapcsifygw,f? trsKd;orD;awGt
wGuf tajccHtcGifhta&;awGwif r[kwfbJ
jynfoljynfom;tm;vkH;&JΠtajccHtcGifhta&;
twGuf &kef;uefv_yf&Sm;aeolawG jzpfygw,f”
vkd@ a':atmifqef;pk=unfu ajymqkdoGm;yg
w,f?
wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pka'oawGrSm q,fpk
ESpfcsD=umcJhwJh yÉdyuQawGeJ@twl jrefrmjynf
[m vGwfvyfa&; &+yD;uwnf;u ppfrSefwJhnD
nGwfa &;udk rwnf aqmuf Ek d if ao;wJ h t
a=umif ;udkvnf; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu
xnhfoGif; ajymqdkoGm;ygw,f? jrefrmjynf&JŒ
wdkif;&if;om;awGt=um; ppfrSefwJh pnf;vkH;nD
!$wfr_udk b,fwkdif;&if;om; rsKd;EG,fpkujzpfjzpf
trsKd;orD;awGtcsif;csif; nD!$wfr_eJ@ tpysKd;
xlaxmifEkdifr,fvdk@ awG;rdwJhta=umif;udk
vnf; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu ajymqkdoGm;
ygw,f? “+yD;cJhwJhESpfu a&G;aumufyGJ usif;ycJh
wm/ tck a&G;aumufcH udk,fpm;vS,fawGeJ@
v$wfawmfac:,lcJhwmudk =unfh+yD; 'g[m wdk;
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vSrf;wck jzpfw,fvkd@ &_jrifolawGudk usrwdk@
taeeJ@ ydk+yD;owdxm;zdk@ ppfrSefwJhwdk;wufr_
[kwfr[kwf aoaocsmcsmowdxm;=unfhzdk@
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pk=unfu ajymqkdoGm;ygw,f?
'Dtcsdef jrefrmEkdifiHrSm vdktyfaewJht&m
u EkdifiHa&;jzpfpOfawGrSm tm;vkH;yg0ifcGifh&Sdzdk@
jzpfw,fvdk@vnf; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu
ajymqkdygw,f? jrefrmjynf&JΠvuf&Sdtaet
xm;udk wdk;wufwJhtqihfvdk@ jrifcsifwJholawG
u EkdifiHa&;jzpfpOfqdkwm a&G;aumufcH udk,f
pm;vS,fawGeJ@ v$wfawmfac:,lwm avmuf
udkyJ tuef@towfeJ@ t"dy`g,fzGifhcsifae=uwJh
ta=umif;/ 'Drdkua&pDudk tckdiftrm,kH=unf
w,fqkd&if jynfolawGtaeeJ@ olwkd@bmom
vGwfvGwfvyfvyf a&G;cs,fydkifcGifh&Sd&rSmjzpfwJh
ta=umif;ukdvnf; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu
ESpful;rSm EdkifiHa&; tusOf;om;awGv$wfzdkΠuifwm;em; ar#mfvihf
jrefrmtm%mydkifawG[m tcGihftvrf; od&ygw,f?
wcktaeeJ@ usa&mufaewJh jrefrmESpfqef;rSm
EdkifiHa&; tusOf;om;awGudk v$wfay;zdk@ ar#mf
vihfygw,fvdk@ jrefrmEdkifiHqdkif&m ukvor*~
vl@tcGihfta&;udk,fpm;vS,f rpPwmuifwm
em;u ajymygw,f? wcsdefwnf;rSm jrefrmEdkifiH
udk oGm;a&mufcGihf&zdk@udkvnf; jrefrmtm%m
ydkifawGxHudk olpma&; awmif;qdkxm;w,fvdk@
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ajymqk d oG m ;ygw,f ? v$ wf a wmf uwqif h
aqmif&GufcsifolawGtaeeJ@ aqmif&GufEdkifo
vdk wbufrSmvnf; v$wfawmfjyifyu v_yf&Sm;
aqmif&GufvdkwJh trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pD tzGJ@csKyf
vdk tzGJ@tpnf;awGtaeeJ@vnf; wkdif;jynf&JŒ
EkdifiHa&;/ vlr_a&;eJ@ pD;yGm;a&;b0 pwJhtcef;
u¾awGrSm vGwfvyfvkòHcHpGm yg0ifaqmif&Guf
cGifh&SdoifhwJhta=umif; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu
ajymqkdygw,f?
tcrf;tem;rSm a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@
ywfoufvkd@ awmiftmz&du bkef;awmf}uD;
'uf prG efwl;wl ;/ tar&d uef orR wuawmf a[mif ;
avmf&mbk &Sf wdk@eJ@twl wjcm;xif&Sm; wJh olawG&JŒ
a':atmif qef;pk=unf eJ@ ywfoufwJh ajymjycsuf
awGygwJh ADG'D,dkrSwfwrf;wkdudkvnf; jyoygw,f?
tcrf;tem; tyd wfrSmawmh tkdif,mvef EkdifiHu
a&mhcfaw;*Dwtqkdawmf bd kEkdu a':atmifqef;
pk=unftwGuf &nf!Gef;oDqdkxm;wJh (Walk
On)qdkwJh oDcsif;udk oHpkHwD;0dkif;}uD;awGeJ@ azsmf
ajza&;tzGJ@awG u 0dk if;0ef;oDqkd+yD; tcrf ;tem;udk
&kyfodrf;cJhwm jzpfygw,f?Ô Ô Ô
Voa, April 13, 2011
tck jrefrmESpfopful;rSm EdkifiHa&;tusOf;
om;awG vGwfajrmufvmrvm; ar#mfvihfol
awGu ar#mfvihfcsufxm;=uovdk EdkifiHa&;ygwD
tcsdKŒuvnf; tckwufvmwJh t&yfom;tpdk;
&opftaeeJ@ EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGudk tck
ESpful;rSm v$wfay;zdk@udkvnf; awmif;qdkae=u
ygw,f? jrefrmEdkifiHqdkif&m ukvor*~ vl@tcGihf
27
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em;vnf; 'Dvdk awmif;qdkwJhtxJ yg0ifygw,f?
EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG v$wfay;jcif;tm;jzihf
tckvmr,hf ESpfopfrSm jrefrmtpdk;&taeeJ@
tcGihfaumif;wck qkyfudkifaer,fvdk@ ar#mfvihf
wJhta=umif; ajymygw,f? “usaemftaeeJ@
'Dwm0efudk ,luwnf;u EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;
awG vGwfajrmufa&;udk wav#mufvHk;awmif;
qdkcJhygw,f? tmqD,HEdkifiHawGtygt0if jref
rmhta&;twGuf pdk;&drfol tawmfrsm;rsm;u
vnf; wdkufwGef;cJh=uygw,f? EdkifiHa&;tusOf;
om;awG v$wfay;zdk@ awmif;qdkcsufawGudk jref
rmtm%mydkifawG taeeJ@ tck jrefrmESpfqef;
usa&mufwJhtcgrSm tcGihfaumif;wcktaeeJ@
pwif taumiftxnfazmf v$wfay;zdk@ ar#mf
vihfxm;ygw,f? wzufrSmvnf; usaemhft
awG@tóuHt&awmh jrefrmtm%mydkifawG t
aeeJ@uvnf; olrsm;pum; em;axmifwmxuf
ol@pOf;pm; owfrSwfcsuftay: wnf+yD;awmh
qHk;jzwfvkyfudkifwwfygw,f? apmihf=unhf&ao;
wmayghAsm?”
(2010)a&G;aumufyJ GtwGif; yg0if,SOf
òydifcJh=uwJh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtcsdKŒeJ@ udk,fpm;vS,f
tcsdKŒ[mvnf; EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG vGwf
ajrmufapa&;udk v$wfawmftwGif; aqmif&Guf
oGm;r,fqdk+yD; uwdu0wfawG ðycJh=uygw,f?
jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfac:awmh EdkifiHa&;t
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[m zJG@pnf;yHkt& EdkifiHawmforRweJ@ trsdK;om;
umuG,fa&;eJ@ vHkòcHa&;aumifpDu qHk;jzwf&
rSmjzpfw,fqdk+yD; }uHhcdkifa&;ygwD udk,fpm;vS,f
28 tusOf;uscH wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; csufcsif;vGwf?
awGu jiif;y,fwma=umihf v$wfawmfwGif;
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ay:vmwJhtcsdefrSm tckESpful;rSm EkdifiHa&;t
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vihfolawG &dSvmwmyg? rpPwmuifwmem;
taeeJ@uawmh vl@tcGihfta&;udpPawG t
wGuf jrefrmEkdifiHudk oGm;a&mufvnfywfcGihf
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tcktcsdeftxdawmh wHk@jyefcsufr&ao;ygbl;?
“wpHkw&mtajzawmh tcktcsdeftxd
bmrS r&ao;ygbl;? apmihfaewkef;yg? a&SŒ
tywfxJus&ifawmh tajz odaumif;odEdkifyg
w,f? tðyoabmaqmifwJh wHk@jyefcsuftajz
&r,fvdk@awmh ar#mfvihfxm;ygw,f ? 'guvnf;
cef@rSef;csufyg?”
rpPwmuifwmem;taeeJ@u +yD;cJhwJhESpf
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twGif;rSmawmh jrefrmEdkifiHbufu ukvor*~
txl;udk,fpm;vS,fudk tpdk;&opfzJG@+yD;aemuf
vma&mufcGihf ay;yghr,fvdk@ uwdðycJhygw,f?
'ga=umihf tck jrefrmESpfqef;aemufydkif;rSm
tpdk;&opftaeeJ@ ol@udk vma&mufcGihfay;Ekdif
r,fvdk@ ar#mfvihfxm;wmyg?
tpdk;&taeeJ@uawmh EdkifiHwumudk,f
pm;vS,fawG vma&mufwdkif; EdkifiHa&;tusOf;
om;tcsdKŒudk v$wfay;wmrsdK; &dScJhygw,f? 'gay
rJh EdkifiHa&;a=umihf zrf;qD;cH&olawGudk EdkifiHa&;
tusOf;om;&,fvdk@ jrefrmtm%mydkifawGu
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NLD vli,frsm;. pwk'Domtvª {nfhy&dowfpnfum;
Rfa, April 14, 2011
trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJΠcsKyfu &ef awGaygh/ um;awGu &yf&yf+yD;awmh vmaomuf
ukefòrdŒ A[ef;òrdŒe,fu ¶Hk;csKyfa&SŒrSm jrefrmh¶dk; =uw,faygh/ tJvdkrsdK;aygh? ygq,fay;&ifvnf;
&mtwm o=uFefyGJawmftjzpf pwk'Domau|; ay;vdkufw,f? vmajymoGm;wJhvlu 'grS igwdk@
wJhyGJwck {+yD (14)&uf o}uFeftusae@u usif; tar/ 'g igwdk@tarqdk+yD; ajym=uwm &Sdw,f?”
ycJhygw,f? vli,fawG&Jh pwk'Domau|;yGJudk (NLD)
'Dtvªudk (NLD)A[dkvli,ftzGJŒu OD; 'kOuUÏ OD;wifOD;eJ@ A[dk tvkyftr_aqmifawG
aqmifusif;ycJhwmyg? yGJrSm rkef@vufaqmif; jzpfwJh OD;0if;wifeJ@ OD;[Homjrifhwdk@vnf; oGm;
au|;+yD; aemufydkif;rSm azsmf&nftat;wdkuf a&mufcJhygw,f? twuf aeŒrSmvJ(NLD)vli,f
w,fvkd@ (NLD)vli,facgif;qmif udkrsdK;!Gef@u awGu pwk'Domau|;zdk@ jyifqifxm;+yD; ESpfqef;
tckvdk ajymygw,f? “u|efawmfwdk@ trsdK;om; w&ufae@rSmawmh y&dwf¶GwfyGJeJ@ ouf}uD;0g}uD;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf vli,fawGuae pwk'Dom awGudk ylaZmfwJhyGJ usif;yr,fvdk@ od&ygw,f?
au|;w,f? 'Dae@ au|;wmu rkef@vufaqmif; &efukefo=uFefu rESpfu AHk;uGJxm;wJh
aygh? naeus&if rkef@vHk;a&ay: au|;r,f? au|; t&Sdefa=umifh 'DESpfrSm vHkòcHa&; wif;usyfxm;
wJhtcgusawmh u|efawmfwdk@tzGJŒu vlawG ovdk pnfpnfum;um; r&Sdbl;vdk@ od&ygw,f?
vnf; vmw,f/ aemuf vrf;uaygh/ 0,fwJhvl ÔÔÔ

wdkuf}uD;&Sd cr& 709eJΠ710wdkΠtypfcH&

Bbc, April 14, 2011
&efukefwdkif; arSmfbDtajccs trSwf(4) jzpf w,f vdk Πqd k ygw,f // wyf = uyf } uD ;wOD ;
ppfqifa&; uGyfuJr_XmecsKyf vufatmufcH ajymwmuawmh vkHòcHa&;,lxm;wJh &efukef
wdkuf}uD; òrdŒrSm&SdwJh cr& (709) wyfzGJŒ wcsdKŒeJh wdkif;uwyfawG jcHpnf;&dk;em;uyfvmpOf vSrf;
cr& (710)yl;aygif;wyfudk &efukefwdkif; txl; ar;&mu pwif ypfcwfr_awGjzpf+yD; (709)buf
wyfawGu 0ifa&mufypfcwf&mrSm (3)OD; jyif; rS &JabmfokH;a,muf jyif;xefpGm '%f&m&w,f
xefpGm 'g%f&m&&SdoGm;w,fvdkΠcr& (709)u vdkΠajymygw,f?
wyf}uD;wOD;u ajymygw,f// 'Dypfcwfr_udpPeJh ygwfouf+yD; wdkif;rª;tyg
'Dypfcwfr_[m 'kwd,t}udrftypfcH&wm t0if 'uprª; Adkvfrªk;}uD;atmifoD[udk,fwdkif

'Drdkua&pDqdkwm wa,mufeJŒwa,mufav;pm;wJhpepfyg? 29
wyf&if;&kH;txd vma&mufajz&Sif;ayrJh tajz aygif;awmif;qdkxm;wJh tcsuf (4)csufa=umifh
wpkHw&m r&&Sdbl;vdkΠqdkygw,f// tajzr&wJh pwif wif;rmoGm;wmjzpfygw,f//
twG uf &efukefwdkif;bufu vufeuf}uD;awG eJΠtJ'Dawmif;qdkcsufwGauawmh EdkifiHawmf
ppftiftm; wdk;csJŒxm;ovdk cr& (709)eJŒ zGJŒpnf;ykH tajccHOya'udk jyifqifay;zdkŒ/ +yD;awmh
(710)wdkŒbufuvnf; vufeuf}uD;eJŒ jyef ppfr_xrf;a[mif;Oya'udkjyifqif+yD; vpmwdk;
vnf jyifqifxm;w,fvdkŒ tJ'Dwyf=uyf}uD;u ay;zdkŒtyg0if EdkifiHwGif;u EkdifiHa&;jy\emudk
qufajymygw,f? EdkifiHa&;t& ajz&Sif;ay;zdkŒeJŒ jynfolawGaxmuf
yxrt}udrf ypfcwfrSkwkef;uawmh wyf cHwJh tpdk;&rsKd; jyefvnfzGJŒpnf;ay;zdkŒqdkwJh t
=uyf}uD;wOD; yGJcsif;+yD;aoqkH;+yD; wOD;'g%f&m csufawGudk &efukefwdkif; wdkif;rª;xH wifjy&mu
&&SdoGm;ygw,f// wu,fawmh'Djyoem[m wif;rmvmcJhwm jzpfw,fvdkΠod&ygw,f?
cr& (709)wyfzGJŒeJŒ cr& (710)wyfawG yl; ÔÔÔ
tnw& ol&Jaumif; 3 OD;
Voa, April 15, 2011
jrefrmEdkifiHrSm ,Hk=unfcsuftjynfheJ@ udk,f wmyg? r*~Zifq&mawmf OD;tdENu[m (1988)
usdK;pGef@+yD; 'Drdkua&pDeJ@ vl@tcGifhta&;twGuf vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_twGif; yg0ifcJhzl;+yD; axmifuscJh
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30 vGwfvyfpGmaz:xkwfcGifh &Sd&rnf?
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a=u;aiGu wOD;ukd jrefrmusyfaiG q,fodef; csD;
qufoG,f&ef.......... shwe khamauk.@gmail.com
www.nldla.net
P.O Box(34) Mae Sot, Tak 63110. Thailand
Ph: 084-5789669
2011rSm zGJŒpnf;wJh vGwfawmftpdk;& tvdkr&Sd?
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31
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32 odef;pdeftpdk;& tvdkr&Sd?