tvkyform;a&;&m*sme,f

twG J = 1/trS w f = 1/ atmuf w d k b mv/2011

xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H a &muf jref r mEd k i f i H o m;rsm;tzG J @ rS xk w f a 0onf

jrpfqpkH rD u
H ed ;f qdik ;f xm;&ef orw qH;k jzwf vluek u
f ;l cH&onfh _refrmtrsKd;orD;ESpOf ;D touftEW&m,f pd;k &dr&f
puf w if b m

orR w OD ; od e f ; pd e f ("gwf y H k = AP))

puf w if b m

30=2011=cif O D ; om({&m0wD o wif ; Xme)

{&m0wDjrpfqHk wnfaqmufa&; pDrHudef; xdktxJrS 90 &mcdkifE+ef;udk w&kwfEdkifiHodk@ ydk@ aqmif&ef

tm; vuf&t
dS pd;k & oufwrf;wGif &yfqikd ;f xm;rnfjzpf oabmwlxm;onf?
a'ocHjynfol 12000 0efusit
f xd ajymif;
a-umif; orRw OD;ode;f pdeu
f jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf tpnf;
ta0;odk@ ,ae@ o0%fv$may;ydk@ ajymqdkvdkufonf? a&$@ay;&rnfh pDrHudef;rsm; &yfwef@&ef awmif;qdkcJhonfh
ucsif vGwfvyfa&; wyfrawmf (KIA) xdef;csKyf&m
jrpfqpkH rD u
H ed ;f onf jynfov
l x
l .
k qENEiS hf a'orsm;wGif ,ckEpS f ZGev
f twGi;f rSpwifI wdu
k yf rJG sm;
v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. qENuakd oGzaD eonf[k tqufrjywfjzpfaeonf?
OD;ode;f pdeu
f qdo
k nf?
OD;ode;f pde.
f ajymqdck sut
f m; jrpfqq
kH nf
orRw OD;ode;f pde.
f ,ae@ ajymqdck suEf iS hf
pDru
H ed ;f udk uef@uu
G af e-uolrsm;u }udKqdv
k u
kd o
f nf? ywfoufI ucsiv
f ufeufuikd t
f zG@J . ajymcGi&hf yk*K~d vf
orRwOD;odef;pdefonf jynfolvlxk. OD;veefu &yfqdkif;xm;r,f qdkwmudk }udKqdkygw,f/
toHukd tav;xm;rnf[k ajymqdck o
hJ nft
h wdik ;f vkyf 'gayr,fh wpfESpf&yfwmvm;/ b,favmuf&yfqdkif;
kd m apmif-h unf&h OD;rSmyg/ usaemfw@kd u t_yD;
aqmif j cif ; jzpf o nf h t jyif TqH k ; jzwf c suf o nf wmvJqw
a':atmifqef;pk-unfEiS hf OD;ode;f pdew
f @kd awG@qrkH .
+ &v'f tydkif &yfqdkif;wmudkyJ vdkvm;ygw,f[k {&m0wDo
wpfc[
k v
k nf; ,lqEdik af -umif; {&m0wD&iS o
f efa&;tzG@J wif;Xmeudk ajymonf?
udk OD;aqmifolwpfOD;jzpfaom udkjrwfolu {&m0wD
tv$mtoD;oD;u jyif;jyif;xefxef uef@uGuf
owif;Xmeudk ajymonf?
zdtm;ay;ae-uwJhtwGuf orRwu tav#mhay;wm
pD r H u d e f ; a-umif h obm0ywf 0 ef ; usif vJ jzpfEdkifygw,f[k OD;veefu qdkonf?
ysupf ;D um {&m0wDjrpf}uD; wdraf umyaysmufomG ;rnf
[k jynfwiG ;f / jynfy ynm&Sirf sm;u axmufjy uef@uu
G f
jrpfqHkpDrHudef; &yfwef@a&; aqmif&Gufaeonfh
ae -u_y;D vlxv
k y+ &f mS ;r+ wpfcsK@d yif jzpfay:cJo
h nf?a':vm olrsm;uvnf; if;wd@k . Facebook pmrsuEf mS rsm;
3 'or 6 bDv,
D H ukeu
f srnfh jrpfqkH pDru
H ed ;f tm; 2006 wGif orRw. ajymqdck sut
f m; }udKqdak -umif; a&;om;
ckESpfwGif pmcsKyfcsKyfqdkcJh_yD; w&kwf EdkifiHu OD;aqmif xm;-u&m xdktxJwGif umwGef;q&m atmfyDus,f/
wnfaqmufaejcif;jzpfonf? pDrHudef; _yD;pD;ygu ucsif acgi;f aqmifa[mif; a'guw
f m reefw;l *sm/ pma&;
v#yfppfr*~g0yf 6000 yrm% xkwfvkyfEdkifrnf jzpfum q&m armif0o
H ponfyh *k K~d vfrsm; yg0ifonf?

a&vkyo
f m;rsm;ESihf oufqikd o
f nfh
tvky&f akH qG;aEG;yJG xdik ;f awmifyikd ;f wGiu
f si;f y

vk y f i ef ; cG i f t wG i f ; rS a&vk y f o m;rsm;
puf w if b m

23=2011=armif p d k ; (&aemif ; )

a&vkyfief;ESifh oufqdkifonfh a&$@ajymif;

tvkyo
f rm;qdik &f m tvky&f akH qG;aEG;yGJ wpfct
k m; xdik ;f
EdkifiHawmifydkif; &aemif;_rdK@&Sd vlxkody`H tpnf;ta0;
cef;rwGif 2 &uf-um usi;f ycJo
h nf?
aqG;aEG;yGo
J @kd xdik ;f Edik if b
H ufrS xdik ;f tpd;k &
tm%mydkiftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh xdkif;a&vkyfief;&Sifrsm;
tzG@Jwdk@ wufa&mufchJ-u_yD; xdkif;awmifydkif;tajcpdkuf
EdkifiHwumtef*sDtdkwcsKd@ tygt0if zefitajcpdkuf
ynma&;ESifh zG@H_zdK;wdk;wufa&; azgifa';&Sif; (FED)
tzGJ@wdk@vnf; wufa&mufcJh-uonf?

oif , H k - unf & onf h owif ; *sme,f

aqG;aEG;yGw
J iG f wufa&mufaqG;aEG;cJah om
FEDrS tvkyo
f rm;a&;&m wm0efcH udrk ;kd a0u a&vkyf
ief;wGif vkyfudkifae-uaom tvkyform;rsm; tajc
taersm;ESihf yifv,fjyifwiG f ig;zrf;aeonfh a&vkyo
f m;
rsm;twGuf aexdkifcGifhvufrSwfrsm; pOfqufrjywf
vkyfay;oifha-umif; t}uHjyKcJhonf [k ajymonf?
xdkif;a&vkyfief;&SiftzGJ@awGu a&vkyf
ief;rSm jy\emawG odyfr&Sdawmhbl;qdk_yD; ajymw,f?
jrefrmawGukd Edik x
f ufp;D eif; vkyrf ,fq&kd if xdik ;f awG ao
oGm;rSm ayghwJh? avSwpfpD;rSm ArmawGu tenf;qHk;

16=2011=jrwf ! d k ( tvG w f o wif ; axmuf )

twlwuG vluek u
f ;l cHc&hJ olrsm; tm;vH;k
udk xdkif;tpdk;&u jrefrmEdkifiHodk@ jyefvnfydk@aqmifcJh
_y;D jzpfaomfvnf; ta-umif;jycsuf r,fr,f&& rod&yJ
befaumuf_rdK@ IDC tcsKyfcef;xJwGif usefaecJh&
onfh trsK;d orD;ESpOf ;D . touftE &W m,ftm; pd;k &dr&f
a-umif; if;wd@k tm; tultnDay;aeonfh tzG@J rS wm
0ef&Sdol wpfOD;u ajymonf?
tvk y f o rm;ta&; aqmif & G u f o nf h
befaumuftajcpdu
k f xdik ;f Edik if aH &muf jrefrmEdik if o
H m;
rsm; tzGJ@ BAT rS udkpdkif;at;uusaemfwdk@ ulnD
xm;wJh tvkyform;awGxJu IDC tcsKyfcef;xJu
tvkyo
f rm; 8 a,mufukd ryd@k yJ -umaevd@k xdik ;f vluek f
ul;r+ wdkufzsufa&;tzGJ@udk tultnDawmif;aewm
-um_yD? 'Dae@ 6 a,muf yd@k vu
kd w
f ,f? roG,ef @J rZifrm
wdk@udk bmjzpfvdk@ csefxm;vdkufvJ rodbl;? olwdk@ pdwf
"gwfus_yD; udk,fhudkudk,f owfaorSmudk usaemf pdk;&drf
aew,f[k ajymonf? ,ckusef&Sdaeol roG,fu
usrwdk@ tcsKyfxJ/ axmifxJrSmae&wm ig;vjynfh
awmhr,f? usrwdk@ IDC tcsKyfcef;xJrSm tcif;zsm
vnf; r&Sb
d ;l / apmifvnf; r&Sb
d ;l / xrde_f cKH _y;D tdy&f w,f?
usrwd@k wpfa,muf_yD;wpfa,muf zsm;emae-uw,f?
'Dae@ 6 a,mufukd yd@k vu
kd w
f ,f? usreJ@ rZifrmudk bm
jzpfv@kd csex
f m;cJw
h mvJ? ud,
k u
hf u
kd ,
kd f owfaocsipf w
d f
aygufaew,f[k BAT odk@ ajymqdkcJhonf?
jyefy@kd c&H onfh tvkyo
f rm;teuf ESpOf ;D udk
rdom;pkrsm;u jr0wD_rdK@ udk;oHk;vHk;*dwfrS wpfOD;v#if
bwfaiG 2500 jzifh a&G;xkwcf o
hJ nf? ra&G;Edik o
f nfh tvkyf
orm; av;OD;wdk@u befaumuftajcpdkuf yifv,f
aysmfrsm;or*~ SUB ESihf BAT wd@k u ukvor*~ vl
ukeful;r+ wdkufzsufa&; UNIAP odk@ tultnD
awmif;cHc-hJ uonf?
20 avmuf yg wmqdk_yD; jiif;w,f? usaemfu yg0gydGKifh
eJ@ jy\em wpfcck si;f udk &Si;f jyw,f? 'DawmhrS olw@kd u
eJeJ vufcHoGm;wm[k ajymonf?
xdik ;f vkyif ef;&SiEf iS hf tvkyo
f rm;rsm; tr+
&ifqikd f &onft
h cg xdik ;f &Jrsm; rvmjcif;/ olaX;rvmjcif;
t_rJ&Sd aewwf-uojzifh tcsdef-umvmonfhtcg
tvkyf orm;rsm;u tr+ydwfoGm;wwf-ua-umif;
tr+upd t
P m; xdxad &mufa&muf jrefjrefqefqef vkyaf y;
&ef udrk ;kd a0u wifjycJah -umif; ajymqdo
k nf?
xdik ;f tm%mydik rf sm;bufu &Si;f jy&mwGif
tpdk;&r[kwfonfh tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. yl;aygif;aqmif
&Gufr+rsm; a-umifh ta&;}uD;onfh udpP&yftcsKd@udkyif
vkyfudkifEdkifcJh a-umif;/ xdkif;trsKd;om; vHk_cHKa&;ESifh vl@
tcGifhta&;wdk@ t-um; o[mZmw tjzpfEdkifqHk;jzpf
atmif taumiftxnf az:oGm;rnfjzpfa-umif;
wifjycJhonf?
tvkyf&Hk aqG;aEG;yGJ. t"du tpDtpOf
wpfcjk zpfaom vluek u
f ;l r+wu
kd zf suaf &; av#meh nf;ap
&ef vkyfief;pOftwGuf vdktyfonfh aiGa-u;/ vltif
tm;ESihf bmompum; tcuftcJw@kd tm; xdik ;f tpd;k &ESihf
Edik if w
H um tzG@J tpnf;rsm;u uln&D ef vdt
k yfa-umif;
tef*st
D rkd sm;u wifjy-uonf?
vlukeful;r+wdkufzsufa&;tzGJ@u vlukef
ul; cH&olrsm; tultnDvdktyfygu a[mhvdkif;zkef;eH
ywf 1300 udk zke;f quf_yD; jrefrmbmomjzifh wdik -f um;
Edkifa-umif; vlukeful;r+wdkufzsufa&; txl;wyfzGJ@u
ajymqdck ahJ -umif; od&&dS onf?
xdkif;EdkifiHtwGif; a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;
qdkif&m tvkyf&HkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm; pOfqufrjywf &Sdaomf
vnf; oef;csD&Sdonfh a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;rSm
tumtuG,frJhqJ jzpfa-umif; tvkyform;ta&;
aqmif&u
G o
f rl sm;u ajymonf?

tvk y f & H k t wG i f ; yd w f a vS m if c d k i f ; apcH & jcif ; rS vG w f a jrmuf c J h a omf v nf ; xd r f o d r f ; a&;pcef ; wG i f ; aexd k i f & onf h
jrefrmtvkyforrsm;

xdak e@ ae@vnfyikd ;f u jr0wD_rKd @ vluek u

f ;l r+
&Jwyf zGJ@ u trsKd;orD; av;OD;tm; vma&mufac:,l
oGm;cJha-umif; befaumuf UNIAP rS jrefrmt&m
&Sdu ajymonf?
SUB rS OuUX udak tmifo&l u'Dtvkyf
orawG[m tcef;ydwfavSmif_yD; vaygif;rsm;pGm vkyf
tm;cr&yJ tvkyfvkyfcJh-u&w,f? u,fq,fa&;
pcef;vd@k trnfcx
H m;wJh tusOaf xmifawGrmS vaygi;f
rsm;pGm aecJh&w,f? olwdk@udk e,fpyfjyefydk@awmh wpf
a,mufudk bwf 2500 eJh a&G;&r,f/ 'Davmuf 'kuQ
a&mufcw
hJ hJ jrefrmtvkyo
f rm;awGukd jr0wD ud;k oH;k vH;k
*dwfrSm bma-umifh aiGay;_yD;a&G;&w,fqdkwm usaemf
vH;k 0em;rvnfb;l [k ajymonf?
tqdyk g tvkyo
f rm;rsm;rSm _yD;cJo
h nfh {_yD
v 19 &ufae@u befaumuf_rKd @ 'if;'Je;f &yfuu
G f pufcsKyf
&Hk 4 &Hrk S em&Daygi;f rsm;pGm tcef;ydwaf vSmif cdik ;f apcHae
&ojzifh BAT ESifh xdkif;tpdk;& vlukeful;r+ wdkufzsuf
a&;tzG@J w@kd y;l aygi;f u,fxw
k cf o
hJ rl sm;jzpfonf?

u,fxw
k cf o
hJ nfh tvkyo
f rm; 43 OD; t
euf vlukeful;r+ rajrmuf[kqdkum tvkyform; 22
OD;wdk@tm; ZGefvqef;ydkif;u xdkif;jrefrme,fpyfodk@ jyef
vnfy@kd aqmifay;cJo
h nf? e,fpyfo@kd tokwv
f u
kd f jyef
vnf ydk@aqmifcJh_yD;aemuf -o*kwfv 12 &ufae@wGif
EGex
f bl&D u,fq,fa&; pcef;xJrS tvkyo
f rm; 15 OD;
udk befaumuf_rK@d IDC tcsKycf ef;od@k yd@k aqmifco
hJ nf?
-o*kwv
f 15 &ufae@nu 7 OD;tm; e,f
pyfodk@ jyefvnf ydk@aqmifay;cJh_yD; 8 OD;rSm IDC tcsKyf
cef;xJY usefaecJhonf? xdktxJrS 6 a,mufudk xdkif;
tm%mydik rf sm;u xdak e@u jr0wDo@kd jyefvnf yd@k aqmif
ay;cJjh cif;jzpfonf?
vlukeful;cHcJh&onfh jrefrmtvkyform;
rsm;rSm tpk;d &oufaotjzpf 5 vwdik w
f ikd f tcsKycf ef;ESihf
tusO;f axmifw@kd wiG f aecJ-h uaomfvnf; qH;k &SK;H cJo
h nfh
vkyt
f m;crsm;ESihf epfema-u; wpfpw
kH pfcrk S r&&Scd ahJ -umif;
jyefvnfy@kd aqmif cHc&hJ olrsm;u ajymjyonf?

jrefrmwdik ;f &if;om; uav;i,frsm; pGr;f &nfjyyGJ befaumufwiG f usif;y

jref r mwd k i f ; &if ; om;uav;i,f r sm;

puf w if b m 29=2011=owif ; =jrwf n d K (tvG w f o wif ; axmuf )

xdik ;f Edik if aH &muf jrefrmEdik if o

H m; a&$@ajymif;
uav;i,frsm; pGr;f &nfaz: xkwjf yoyGw
J pfct
k m; bef
aumuf tydkif qludkApf vrf;oG,f 2 twGif; 2 &uf
-um usi;f ycJah -umif; jyyGyJ g0iforl sm;u ajymonf?
uav;i,frsm;udk pGrf;&nfrSifhwifay;ae
onfh I am child tef*sDtdktzGJ@u xdkif;EdkifiHtESH
a&$@ajymif;pmoifausmif;rsm;rS rlvwef;uav; 109 OD;
udk zdw-f um;I tzG@J _cH0ef;twGi;f usi;f ycJjh cif;jzpfonf?
pufwifbm 24 rS 25 txd 2 &uf-um pGrf;&nf
jyyGw
J iG f csi;f rdik /f rJaqmuf/ r[mcsKid /f &yfcsb
f &l /D &aemif;/
zef i ES i f h zl ; cuf a 'owd k @ rS wd k i f ; &if ; om;aygif ; pH k
uav;rsm;u oufqdkif&m &dk;&mtursm;jzifh wifjy
-uonfhtjyif vlukeful;cH&jcif;ESifh tdrfwGif;t
-urf;zufcH&jcif; wdk@udk toHwdwf o&kyfaz: jyo&m
y&dwfowf 200 ausmf wufa&mufcJhonf?
xdik ;f Edik if H awmifyikd ;f zefic&dik f tajcpdu
k f
ynma&; zGH@_zdK;a&;azgifa';&Sif; FEDpmoifausmif;rS
uav;i,f 18 OD;udk tkyx
f ed ;f oltjzpf vdu
k yf gcahJ om

pG r f ; &nf j yoaepOf

rlvwef; jrefrmpmq&mr a':pdev

f S u uav;awGrmS
pGr;f &nfav;awG ud,
k pf &D -dS uw,fav? 'gayr,fh olw@kd
rSm&SdwJhpGrf;&nfudk az: xkwfcGifh&SdrS jyoEdkif rSmjzpfwJh
twGuf 'Dvdk yGJrsKd;udk vkyf-uwm yg[kajymonf?

pmoifausmif;rS uav;i,frsm;
onf csif;/ ucsif/ u&if/ u,m;/ rGef/ Arm/ &ckdif/ &Srf;
wdkif;&if;om; 0wfpHkjynfhjzifh ujyonfh pnf;vHk;jcif;
onf tiftm;/OD;a&$&dk;ESifh a':rdk;tuwdk@udk wif
qufcahJ -umif; uav;rsm;ESihf twlvu
kd yf gomG ;ol FED
vli,foyd aH` usmif;rS ud,
k pf m;vS,f reDe0D if;(18)ESpu
f
ajymonf?
tcrf;tem;rSL;tjzpfvnf; aqmif&u
G cf o
hJ l
reDeD0if;u 'Dvdk ta&miftaoG;pHkwJh wdkif;&if;om;
awGudk jrif&wm tHh-ow,fvdk@ ajym-uw,f&Sif[k
ajymonf?
a&$@ajymif;jrefrm pmoifausmif;rsm;rS zdwf
-um;cH &onfh rlvwef;uav;rsm;rSm tutzG@J 14 zG@J
tjzpf vma&muf wifqufcJh-ujcif;jzpfonf?
FED

2011=ck E S p f / atmuf w d k b mvwG i f pwif x k w f a 0onf

twG J = 1trS w f = 1

pmrsufESm =2

tvkyof rm;*sme,f

tmqD,EH ikd if H wcsKwYd iG f jrefrmtpd;k & bPfcrJG sm; zGiY rf nf

r,fv'kuonf 18 OD; *syefEdkifiH wdkusKdodkY a&muf&Sd

pufwifbm=29=2011=aemfqJuv,f(autdkifpD)

aejynf a wmf & S d jref r mh p D ; yG m ;a&;b%f &H k ; csKyf ( "gwf y H k = {&m0wD )

puf w if b m

21=2011={&m0wD o wif ; Xme

tpdk;&ydkifb%frsm; jzpf-uaom jrefrmh

EdkifiHjcm; ukefoG,fr+b%f(Myanma Foreign
Trade Bank)/ jrefrmh pD;yGm;a&;b%f(Myanma
Economic Bank)ESihf jrefrmh&if;ES;D jrKyfErHS E+ iS hf ukef
oG , f a &;b%f ( Myanma Investment
Commerce Bank) ponfh b%foHk;ckwdk@onf
tmqD,H EdkifiHwcsKd@wGif b%fcGJrsm; zGifhvSpfawmhrnf
jzpfa-umif; owif;&&So
d nf?
tpd;k &u Edik if jH cm; ukeo
f ,
G rf v
+ yk if ef;rsm;
wdk;csJ@&efESifh jynfy&if;ESD;jrKyfESHr+rsm; wdk;wufvma&;
twGuf tmqD,HEdkifiH wcsKd@wGif b%fcJGzGifhvSpf&ef
jyifqifaejcif;jzpfa-umif; jrefrmEdik if AH [db
k %f todik ;f
t0ef;ESihf eD;pyforl sm;u ajymonf?
b%f c G J a wG z G i f h z d k @ 0ef x rf ; pd p pf a &G ;
cs,w
f mawG vkyaf e_yD? rav;&Sm;/ pifumyle@J xdik ;f rSm
zGirhf ,f? bmeJ@ tcGe0f ef}u;D Xmeu 0efxrf;awGuykd J
EdkifiHjcm; v$wf_yD; b%fvkyfief;awG vkyf&rSmyg[k
trnfrazmfvakd om b%ft&m&Sw
d pfO;D u ajymonf?
pifumylEikd if w
H iG f jrefrmhEikd if jH cm; ukeo
f ,
G f
r+b%fcGJ/ rav;&Sm; EdkifiHwGif jrefrmh &if;ESD;jrKyfESHr+ESifh
ukefoG,fa&;b%f/ xdkif;EdkifiHwGif jrefrmhpD;yGg;a&;
b%fcGJrsm; zGifhvSpfoGm;rnf jzpfa-umif; od&onf?
pD;yGg;a&; ydwfqdk@r+rsm; }uHKawG@ae&aom
jrefrmEdkifiHtaeESifh b%fvkyfief; aqmif&Guf&mwGif

tcuftcJrsm; &Sdaea-umif;/ jrefrmukr`%D trsm;pk

onf pifumylEdkifiHwGif b%fpm&if;rsm; zGifhvSpfum
a&mif;0,fjcif;/ &if;ESD;jrKyfESHjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfae&ojzifh
tmqD,EH ikd if H wcsK@d wiG f jrefrmhb%fcrJG sm; ay:ayguv
f m
jcif;onf jrefrmhp;D yGm;a&; vkyif ef;&Sif rsm;twGuf rsm;pGm
tqifajyvmrnf jzpfa-umif; pD;yGm;a&; todik ;f t0ef;
u oHk;oyfonf?
pifumylrmS b%fpm&if; zGiEhf ikd zf @kd yGpJ m;cay;_yD;
vk y f - u&w,f ? pD ; yG m ;a&; yd w f q d k @ r+ & S d w J h t wG u f
vH_k cHKpdwcf s&wJh pifumyl b%fawGqu
D yJ ta&mif;t
0,f/ tv$t
J ajymif; vky&f wm? bmyJajymajym tckvkd
tpd;k &b%fcaJG wG pifumylw@kd / rav;&Sm;wd@k / xdik ;f wd@k rmS
zGix
hf m;vdu
k &f if jrefrmpD;yGm;a&; vkyif ef;&Siaf wGtwGuf
trsm;}u;D tm;omcsuf &Sv
d mr,f? r&Sw
d mxuf pm&if
&Sw
d mu aumif;w,f? 'gayr,fh Edik if w
H um b%fawG
eJ@ t_ydKiftqdik f vkyEf ikd zf @kd vw
kd ,f[k jynfaxmifpjk ref
rmEdkifiH ukefonfrsm;ESifh pufr+vufr+vkyfief;&Sifrsm;
f r+aqmifwpfO;D u
toif;csKyf (UMFCCI)rS tvkyt
ajymonf?
jrefrmEdik if aH wmf A[db
k %fEiS hf eD;pyfaom
todkif;t0ef;rsm;rS xGuf&Sdvmaomowif;rsm;t&
vmrnfh atmufwdkbmvtwGif; bma&;ESifhaiG
a-u;qdkif&m tajymif;tvJopfrsm;udk tpdk;&u vkyf
aqmifoGm;rnf[k od&onf?

xdkif;=jrefrme,fpyf&Sd r,fv'kuQonf
pcef;rS u&if'u
k o
Q nf 18 OD;onf *syefEikd if /H wdu
k sK_d rKd @o@kd
'kw,
d tokwf tjzpf ava-umif;c&D;jzifh a&muf&v
dS m
onf[k od&onf?
r,fv'kuQonf pcef;wGif rdom;pk 6 pkrS
vlOD;a&aygif; 26 OD; *syefEdkifiHodk@ xGufcGmrnf[k
owfrSwfxm;aomfvnf; avmavmq,f rdom;pk 4
pkom xdik ;f Edik if rH S xGucf gG um *syefo@kd a&muf&o
dS mG ;cJjh cif;
jzpf_yD; if;wdk@tm; *syeftpdk;&/ UNHCRESifh wdkusKd&Sd
*syefowif;Xmersm;rS oGm;a&muf}udKqdk cJh-ua-umif;
wdu
k sK_d rdK@a&muf u&ifwpfO;D u ajymonf?
tcka&mufvmwJh olawGukd *syeftpd;k &
u 'kuo
Q nfawGukd ulnzD @kd wm0efay;xm;wJh RHQRefugee HeadquartereJ@UNHCRaemuf wdkusKdu
*syefr'D ,
D mawGvnf; oGm;}udK-ur,fav? a&mufvm
r,fh tcsed u
f nae 6 em&Davmuf qdak yr,fh Immigration wd@k bmwd@k ppfaq;wm jzwf&tH;k rSmeJ@ qdak wmh
nydik ;f avmufusrS avqdyu
f ae xGuv
f mvd@k &rSmyg?
[k olu qdkonf?
*syefEdkifiHonf jrefrm'kuQonfrsm;udk
yxrOD;qH;k ac:,lonfh tm&SEikd if w
H pfck jzpfaomfvnf;
'kuQonfrsm;rSm touf 40 ESpfatmufESifh rdom;pk
&So
d rl sm;om jzpf&_y;D ,if;tpDtpOfukd 2010 ckEpS rf S pI
3 ESpf pDru
H ed ;f jzifh wpfEpS v
f #if 'kuo
Q nf 30 OD;pD ac:,l
oGm;jcif; jzpfonf?
'kwd,tokwf xGufoGm;olxJrS 'kuQ
onf wpfO;D u rdrrd aejzifh *syefEikd if o
H @kd oGm;a&muf ae
xdik jf cif;tm;jzifh om;orD;rsm; tqifjh rifh ynma&; oif
-um;Edkifovdk qHk;cef;wdkifonfh ynma&; tmrcHcsuf
vnf; &&Sdrnf[k ar#mfvifha-umif; wdkusKdtajcpdkuf
NHK &kyfoH owif;Xmeudk e,fpyfrS rxGufcGmcifu
ajymqdck o
hJ nf?
_yD;cJhonfhESpf pufwifbmv 28 &ufae@
uvnf; r,fv'kuQonf 27 OD; *syefEdkifiHodk@ pwif
a&muf&cdS -hJ u_yD; vuf&dS tcsed w
f iG f if;wd@k rmS csb
D m;uef
ESihf rD,u
J ef a'orsm;&Sd r+pd u
kd cf if;ESihf [if;oD;[if;&Guf

(tvG w f o wif ; axmuf )

pufwifbm(12)ae@xkwf jrefrmtpdk;&
owif;pmrsm;wGif vluek u
f ;l r+qikd &f m owif;rsm; quf
oG,fay;ydk@Edkifonfh a[mhvdkif; zkef;eHywfrsm;udk pwif
az: jyvdkufonf?
jynf w G i f ; jynf y rS vl u k e f u l ; r+ q d k i f & m
owif;rsm;tm; qufo,
G ef ikd &f eftwGuf aejynfawmf/
&efuek /f rE aW v;ESihf rlq,f_rKd @rsm;od@k qufo,
G Ef ikd o
f nfh
zke;f eHywfrsm;udk az: jyay;xm;jcif; jzpfonf?
owif;pmyg rlq,f vlukeful;r+ wdkufzsufa&;
tzG@J rS wm0ef&dS &JrLS ;wpfO;D u a[mhvikd ;f rsm;udk ,ae@rS
pwifwnfaxmifjcif;jzpfonf[k ajymonf?
vlukeful; cH&onfh um,uH&SifrSjzpfap
rdom;pk0if(od@k r[kw)f vlra+ &;toif;tzG@J wpfcck k wd@k u
jzpfap cdik v
f w
kH u
d sonfh owif; tcsut
f vuf tjynhf
tpHk wifjyvm&ef vdt
k yfa-umif; tqdyk g rlq,f&rJ LS ;u
ajymonf?

jynfwGif;eHywfrsm; jzpfonfhtwGuf vl
ukeu
f ;l r+rsm; jzpfay:avh&adS om xdik ;f ESifh w&kwEf ikd if H wd@k rS
qufoG,f&onfhtcg EdkifiHjcm;zkef;tjzpf ac:qdk&rnf
jzpfojzifh vlukeful;cH&onfh tvkyform;rsm;ESifh
jrefrmtvkyo
f rm;ta&; aqmif&u
G o
f rl sm;u vSr;f I
qufoG,f&ef tcuftcJ &SdEdkifa-umif; tvkyform;
ta&; aqmif&u
G o
f rl sm;u axmufjyonf?
xdik ;f Edik if H zefitajcpdu
k f ynma&; zG@H _zdK;r+
azgiaf ';&Si;f rS 'g&u
kd w
f m OD;xl;cspu
f jynfy&Sd jrefrm oH&;kH
rsm;wGif qufoG,f&ef tpDtpOfrsm; zefwD;ay;&efvdk
tyfa-umif; t}uHjyKonf?
oH&;kH awGrmS tGev
f ikd ;f xm;ay;Edik w
f mrsK;d Oyrm
xdik ;f Edik if x
H rJ mS qd&k if vluek u
f ;l r+e@J ywfouf_yD; tcsed f
ra&G; qufo,
G Ef ikd w
f hJ t_rw
J rf;zke;f vdik ;f udk xm;ay;wm
rsKd;/ w&kwfEdkifiHrSmqdkvnf; jrefrmoH&Hk;rSm xm;ay;Edkif
wmrsKd;u ydkxda&mufr,fvdk@ usaemfxifyg w,f [k
OD;xl;cspf u ajymonf?

2011=ck E S p f / atmuf w d k b mvwG i f pwif x k w f a 0onf

awGom tqifrajywmyg? wm0ef,lwJholu wm0ef

,l r + r&S d w J h t wG u f 'D v d k jzpf & wmyg? tck q d k
'kuo
Q nfawGe@J qufo,
G rf ,f qd&k if a&S@aeeJ@yJ pum;
ajymae&w,f? [k autdkifpDudk ajymonf?
*syefwiG f 5 ESpaf usmf a&muf&adS eol wpfO;D
uvnf; *syef tpd;k &uawmh usrtawG@ t}uHKt&
vkyaf y;r,fqkd wu,fvyk af y;ygw,f? ol,w
l hJ wm0ef
olausatmif vkyaf y;ygw,f? emrnfysuv
f nf; rcHb;l ?
wpfck &Sw
d mu 'DrmS u vlwikd ;f tcsed ef @J tr# v+y&f mS ;ae
&wm? jrefrmjynfrSmvdk aevdk@awmh r&bl;av? 'Dudk
a&mufvmwm aumif;ygw,f?[k qdkonf?
xdik ;f =jrefrme,fpyf&dS 'kuo
Q nf pcef; 9 ck
wGif jrefrm'kuo
Q nf OD;a& wpfoed ;f cGcJ ef@ aexdik v
f #uf
&Sdonf?
_yD;cJhonfh vuvnf; *syeftpdk;&ESifh
xdik ;f tpd;k &rS wm0ef&o
dS t
l csK@d u xdik ;f Edik if /H wmhccf &dik &f dS
tkef;zsef 'kuQonfpcef;odk@ oGm;a&mufcJh_yD; vmrnfh
ESpw
f iG f pwif ac:,lrnf[k ajymqdck ahJ -umif; tke;f zsepf cef;
aumfrwDu ajymonf?

AIDS
a&m*guif ; a0;ap&ef
oif h Z eD ; / cif y G e f ;
tay:wG i f o pP m &d S y g?
jref r mEd k i f i H tpd k ; &u atmuf w d k
bm 12 &uf a e@wG i f tusOf ; om;aygif ;
6359 OD;udk vGwf_idrf;csrf;omcGifhjzifh v$wf
ay;cJ h o nf ?
xdktxJwGif EdkifiHa&; tusOf;
om; 200 ausmf y g0if o nf ? Tod k @ t
usOf ; om;rsm;tm; v$ w f a y;jcif ; tay:
Ed k i f i H w umrS 0rf ; ajrmuf 0 rf ; ompG m jzif h
}ud K qd k - ua-umif ; ud k od & S d & onf ?
uGsEkfyfwdk@ jynfya&muf tvkyfo
rm; xk } uD ; uvnf ; vd + u f v d + u f v J S v S J
-unf E l ; yD w d jzpf & ygonf ?

vl u k e f u l ; jcif ; cH & ol r sm;("gwf y H k = BAT))

21=2011=jrwf n d K

pdu
k cf if;rsm;wGif tvkyf vkyu
f ikd af exdik v
f #uf &So
d nf[k
od&onf?
KNL(Karen National league) rS
apmbvSodef;u usaemfwdk@ taeeJ@ 'kuQonfawG
rvmcif 4 ESpaf vmuf uwnf;u jyifqifxm;wmyg?
*syef tpd;k & taeeJ@ vkyaf qmifr+ tydik ;f u tqifajyay
r,fh -unfhcdkif;wJh vlawGeJ@ odyf tqifrajyao;ygbl;?
t&ifa&mufvmwJh tzG@J awG enf;enf; tcuftcJ &Syd g
w,f? ,Ofaus;r+/ bmompum;u tpayg?h usaemfw@kd
}udK;pm; ajz&Si;f oGm;rSmyg?[k ajymonf?
,if;odk@ a&muf&Sdvmonfh 'kuQonf
rsm;tm; *syeftpd;k &u wpf&ufpm tjzpf vl}u;D 1500/
uav; 750 ,ef;udk 6 v axmufyHh ulnDay;ovdk
xdktawm twGif; *syefpum;/ *syefpmESifh vlr+quf
qHa&; oifwef;rsm;vnf; ydk@csay;onf [k 'kuQonf
rsm;udk ulnaD y;aeolrsm;u ajymqdo
k nf?
*syefa&muf u&iftrsKd;orD; wpfOD;u
t&if a&mufwo
hJ al wGxu
J cs;D bm;rSmaewJh rdom;pk

Edik if jH cm;om; armif;ESio

f nfu
h m; wdu
k rf o
d jzifh jrefrm tvkyo
f rm;wpfO;D aoqH;k

vluek u
f ;l rI owif;ay;Edik o
f nfh a[mhvikd ;f
jrefrmtpd;k & pwif

puf w if b m

jref r m'k u Q o nf r sm;ud k *syef a vqd y f w G i f awG @ &pOf = ("gwf y H k = autd k i f p D )

aejynfawmf -067-412-555
-067-412-666
&efue
k f -0949=555=888
-0949-555-999
rEav;
-0949-555-777
rlq,f
-0949-555-666

jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f 2005 ckEpS u
f vluek u
f ;l r+
wm; qD;umuG,af &; Oya'udk jyXmef;cJ_h yD;onfh tcsed f
rS 6 ESpw
f m umvtwGi;f ta&;,lEikd o
f nfh tr+aygi;f
731 r+wGif vlukeful;ol 2043 OD;ESifh vlukeful;cH&ol
1298 OD; wd@k tm; u,fwifEikd cf ahJ -umif; tpd;k & owif;
pmrsm;wGif a&;om;az: jyxm;onf?

tcif ; jzpf p Of jyKwf u s usef c J h a om um;eH y wf j ym;

aoqH k ; ol ud k a rmif 0 if ;
puf w if b m

12=2011=jrwf n d K

if;u usaemf eH&dk;emoGm;w,f? vufawG

acgif;awGvnf; emoGm;w,f? usaemhf oli,fcsif;u
awmh uHraumif;bl;Asm? qH;k &Sm_yD[k ajymonf?

(tvG w f o wif ; axmuf )

xdik ;f Edik if aH wmifyikd ;f zl;cuf_rKd @wiG f Edik if jH cm;

om;wpfOD; armif;ESifvmonfh um;wdkufrdojzihf vkyf
ief;cGio
f @kd vrf;av#mufomG ;aeaom jrefrmtvkyo
f rm;
wpfO;D aoqH;k _yD; wpfO;D '%f&m &&So
d mG ;onf?
_yD;cJhonfh pufwifbmv 12 &ufae@u
zl;cuf_rKd @/ ygaomif urf;ajc&Sd yef;&Hvyk if ef;cGio
f @kd tvkyf
orm; udkausmfvSxGef;/ udkxGef;jrifhESifh udkarmif0if;wdk@
3 OD; vrf;av#muf_yD; tvkyfqif;&ef vm-upOf EdkifiH
jcm;om; wpfOD;armif;ESifvmonfh tjzLa&mif um;
wpfp;D rsuEf mS csi;f qdik rf S 0ifwu
kd jf cif;jzpfa-umif; twlwl
onfh tvkyform; udkxGef;jrifh u ajymonf?
aq;&Hkodk@ a&muf_yD;rS aoqHk;oGm;onfh t
ouf 30 t&G,f udak rmif0if;rSm &cdik jf ynfe,f ausmuf
awmf_rdK@e,f ocGyyf if aus;&GmrS jzpfonf?
um;wdu
k cf cH &hJ _yD; twGi;f vlemtjzpf ESp&f uf
-um aq;ukocJ&h olrmS &cdik jf ynfe,f ayguaf wm_rKd @e,f
awmifyw
k af u aus;&GmrS udo
k ef;jrifh jzpfonf?

tE W&m,f rjzpfcJhaom rsufjrifoufao

udak usmv
f x
S eG ;f u rsuEf mS csi;f qdik u
f 0ifwu
kd w
f myg?
usaemfw@kd vrf;atmufu qif;_y;D oGm;aewmyg? usaemfh
udk yGwfoGm;ygw,f? 'kef;qdk aemufu ESpfa,mufudk
0ifwdkufoGm;ygw,f? wpfa,mufu aq;&Hk;a&mufrS
qH;k wmyg[k ajymjyonf?
wdkufrdonfh um;rSm xdkae&mwGif jyKwfus
useaf ecJo
h nfh eHywfjym;t& xdik ;f tuQ&m udw
k =kd 6316
jzpfonf?
tqdkyg ,mOfwdkufaoqHk;r+twGuf zl;cuf
tajcpdkuf av;0wD &cdkifvlr+a&;toif;/ befaumuf
tajcpdu
k f xdik ;f Edik if aH &muf jrefrmEdik if o
H m;rsm; tzG@J EiS hf
zefic&dkif tajcpdkuf ynma&;ESifh zG@H_zdK;wdk;wufa&;
azgiaf ';&Si;f tzG@J om;rsm;u aoqH;k oGm;onfh tvkyf
orm;ESihf xdcu
kd 'f %f&m &&Scd o
hJ nfh tvkyo
f rm; ESpOf ;D
twGuf &oifh &xdkufonfh tcGifhta&;rsm; &&SdEdkif&ef
yl;aygi;f aqmif&u
G v
f su&f adS -umif; tr+aqmif 'g&u
kd w
f m
OD;xl;cspf u ajymonf?

oif , H k - unf & onf h owif ; *sme,f

pmrsuf E S m =11

twG J = 1trS w f = 1

tvkyof rm;*sme,f

a':atmifqef;pkMunf abmvH;k yGJ oGm;Munfh

ref,lwGif zm'Deef ae&maysmufrnfhtajctae&Sdae

jrefrmabmvH;k tzGc
YJ sKyfukd FIFA
ta&;,l

ref , l a emuf w ef ; cH p pf r + ; zm'D e ef

atmuf w d k b m 6=2011=atmif a Zmf r d k ; vwf ( rd k ; eJ ) Mutdfan.com

ok 0 uG i f ; wG i f abmvH k ; yG J - unf h a eaom a':atmif q ef ; pk - unf ( "gwf y H k = Soccer Myanmar

Myanmar))
puf w if b m 14=2011=&ef y d k i f ({&m0wD )

a':atmifqef;pk-unfonf &efuek _f rKd @wiG f

23 ESpfqufwdkuf aexdkifcJhonfh umvtwGif; yxr
qH;k t}udrf abmvH;k uGi;f od@k oGm;a&muf_yD; abmvH;k yGJ
-unhjf cif;jzpfonf?
tck yGJpvdk@ 3 rdepf &Sdaeyg_yD/ a':atmif
qef;pk-unf tem;rSm OD;aZmfaZmf/ a'gufwmpdkif;qrf
xGef;/ OD;atmifausmfrdk;wdk@vnf; xdkifaeygw,f [k
a':atmifqef;pk-unf. teD;uyfvHk_cHKa&; wm0ef
,lxm;onfh udkausmfpdk;Edkifu ajymonf?
a':atmif q ef ; pk - unf . vH k _ cKH a &;
udkvnf; tm%mydkifrsm;u wm0ef,lxm;a-umif;
abmvH;k yGu
J kd at;csr;f pGmtm;ay;aeonfh y&dowfrsm;
uvnf; a':atmifqef;pk-unfudk E+wfqufa-umif;
udkausmfpdk;Edkif u ajymonf?
_yD;cJhonf -o*kwfvu aejynfawmfY
usif;yonfh pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m aqG;aEG;yGJodk@ a':atmif
qef;pk-unf wufa&mufpOf abmvHk;tzGJ@csKyf OuUX
OD;aZmfaZmfu abmvH;k yGJ -unf&h &+ ef zdw-f um;cJjh cif; jzpf
onf[k od&onf?
xdkyGJudk jrefrmh&kyfjrifoH-um;uvnf;
wdu
k &f u
kd x
f w
k v
f i$ chf o
hJ nf? tmqD,H abmvH;k tzG@J csKyf
. 2011 ckEpS f tmqD,H touf 19 ESpaf tmuf abm
vH;k _ydKifyu
JG kd pufwifbm 8 &ufae@u pwifusi;f yjcif;
jzpf_yD; jrefrmtoif;onf tif'ekd ;D &Sm;/ vmtd/k b&lEikd ;f /

AD,uferfw@kd EiS hf tkypf (k c)wGif ywfvnf,OS _f ydKif upm;

&rnfjzpfonf?
jrefrmtoif;. vuf&SdtajctaerSm
AD,uferfudk oa&/ b&lEdkif;udk 6 *dk;jywf tEdkif&&Sd
xm;onf? vmtdktoif;rSm tif'dkeD;&Sm;toif;udk
oa& upm;xm;onf? Zlvdkif 28 & ufae@u ok0
uGif; urBmhzvm;ajcppfyGJwGif jrefrmtoif;ESifh tdkref
toif;wdk@upm;&m/ tdkreftoif;u 2 *dk; tEdkif&&Sd
aecsed f wGif jrefrmy&dowfwcsK@d u &rf;um;onft
h wGuf
yGJ ysufoGm;onf?

usef;rmpGmjzifh
oif jyeftvmudk
oifh rdom;pkawGu
t_rJwrf;
apmifhar#mfae
-uw,f?

touf(32)ESpf &Sd_yDjzpfaom zm'Deefonf

_y;D cJo
h nfh abmvH;k &moDtxd t*Fvef cseyf ,
D t
H oif;.
t"duaemufcu
H pm; o rm;tjzpf ajcpGr;f jycJah omfvnf;
,cktcg t_ydKif;t&dkif; wdk;wufvmonfh vli,f rsm;
a-umifh ae&m&a&; tmrcHcsuf r&Sad wmhay?
aEG&moDwGif bvufbef;&dk;AmrS ajymif;a&$@
vmonfh touf(19)ESpft&G,f zD;vf *sKH;pfonf
td k ; vf x &uf z d k @ 'f w G i f txl ; ajcpG r f ; jyaeovd k
touf(21)ESpf&Sd c&pf parmvif;rSmvnf; vltrsm;
tH-h o&avmufatmif yHpk aH umif;rsK;d ydik q
f ikd af eonf?
xdk@tjyif '%f&ma-umifh em;aeonfh
ref,ltoif;acgif;aqmif qmbD,m; cHppfrSL; eDref*sm
AD'pf }uHcdkifr+ jynhf0vmjcif;ESifh ajrmuftdkif,mvef
vufa&G;pif *|eef t
D AD efpf ajcpGr;f jyaejcif;rsm;u zm'Deef
udk A[dck pH pfwiG f wwd, OD;pm;ay;ae&mod@k a&mufomG ;
apzG,f &Sad eonf? zm'Deefonf ,ckEpS f abmvH;k &moD
wGif wHaumufa-um'%f&m &cJh_yD;aemufydkif; ajcpGrf;
usqif;r+rSm odod omom jzpfvmonf? ref,lonf
cseyf ,
D v
H *d w
f iG f tdru
f iG ;f Y abq,fvu
f kd (3)*d;k pD oa&
usc&hJ m ,if;yGw
J iG f zm'DeeftaeESihf trSm;rsm;pGm usL;
vGecf ahJ -umif; abmvH;k okawoDrsm;u a0zefc-hJ uonf?

csed rf mS refcsupf wm,lEu

kd w
f ufukd qufvufarmif;ESif
oGm;r,f? awmifhwif;wJh vli,ftoif; wpfoif;udk
csex
f m;cJrh mS yg[k ajym-um;oGm;cJo
h nf?

ref , l . ouf a wmf & S n f tatmif j rif q H k ; enf ; jy qmtJ v uf p f z m*l q ef

atmuf w d k b m

3=2011=atmif a Zmf r d k ; vwf r d k ; eJ

ref c suf p wm,l E d k u f w uf . ouf

awmf &Snfenf;jy qmtJvufpfzm*lqefu aemuf 4
ES p f t xd enf ; jywm0ef , l o G m ;rnf h ta-umif ;
xk w f a zmf a jymqd k vd k u f o nf ? touf 69 ES p f
&Sdae_yDjzpfonfh zm*lqef onf o&JeDtoif;wGif
oufwrf;t-um&SnfqHk;ESifh atmifjrifr+ trsm;qHk;
qGwfcl;ay;EdkifcJhonfh enf;jyvnf; jzpfonf? ol.
vuf xuf wGif t"du zvm;rsm;tjzpf y&D;rD;,m;vd*f
zvm; 12 }udrf/ FA Cup 5 }udrfESifh csefyD,Hvd*f
2 }udrf &&SdcJhonf?
tem;,lawmhrnf[k ESpfwdkif; xifa-u;
ay;jcif;cH ae&onfh zm*lqefu u|eaf wmfaemufxyf
3 ESpf 'grSr[kwf 4 ESpf avmufxdawmh &SdaeOD;rSmyg?
u|efawmfhusef;rma&; tajctaeuawmh bmrSajym
p&mr&Sdatmif aumif;rGefaeqJyg/ 'gayr,fh u|efawmf
tem;,lawmhr,fvdk@ aocsmayguf qHk;jzwfvdkuf

olwdk@[m ysHv$m;iSufawGvdkyJ wpfoif;

vHk; wpfnDwpf!Gwfwnf; ysHoef;Edkif-uw,f/ wpf
aumifu ysaH e&if c|w&f iG ;f csuf wpfcck jk zpf vdu
k w
f meJ@
usew
f hJ ESpaf umifu tajy;tv$m; oGm;r,f/ az;rr,f/
tzGJ@awG&SdwJhae&mudk jyef_yD; o,faqmifvmr,f?
u|efawmhf toif;u upm;orm; awGvnf; 'DvdkyJ
wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf tepfem cHr+&Sdw,f/
az;rr+&w
dS ,f wpfa,mufjcif;pD&@J t&nf taoG;awGukd
toif ; tay: yH k _ yD ; ay;tyf a vh &S d - u w,f [k
ol @ tm;upm;orm;rsm;ES i f h
ywf o uf _ yD ;
xkwaf z:ajymqdo
k mG ;cJo
h nf?

qG m &uf Z f
atmuf w d k b m 6=2011=atmif a Zmf r d k ; vwf ( rd k ; eJ ) Mutdfan.com

vDAmyl;vf 0g&ifhaemufcHvl uma&*gu

toif;wdkufppfrSL; qGm&ufZftm; y&D;rD;,m;vd*f.
taumif;qHk;wdkufppfrSL;rsm;jzpf-uaom &Gef;eD/ t*l&dk
wd@k EiS yhf if rvJEikd af -umif; xkwaf zmfajym-um;vdu
k o
f nf?
t*Fvefwu
kd pf pfrLS ; 0de;f &le/D tm*siw
f ;D em;
wdkufppfrSL; t*l&dkwdk@onf ref,l/ 'gbD udk,fpDtoif;
rsm;twGuf tm;&zG,f&m ajcpGrf;rsm; jyoxm;Edkif-u

urBm@zvm; ajcppfyJG jrefrm=tdrk ef yGpJ OfwiG f

jrefrmy&dowf wpfcsKd@. &rf;um;r+a-umifh yGJzsufodrf;
vdu
k &f jcif;ESihf ywfoufI jrefrmEdik if H abmvH;k tzG@J csKyf
MFFudk urBm@abmvHk;tzGJ@csKyf(FIFA)u ta&;
,lvdkuf_yD jzpfonf?
xd k j zpf & yf t wG u f FIFAu jref r m
abmvH;k toif;udk &k&mS ;Edik if w
H iG f jyKvyk rf nfh 2018 ckEpS f
urBm@zvm; abmvHk; _ydKifyGJ 0ifa&muf ,SOf_ydKifcGifh
yd w f y if v d k u f _ yD ; '%f a iG t jzpf qG p f z &ef @ 25000
(a':vmoHk;aomif;)csrSwfcJhonfhtjyif -um;emr+
twGuf w&m;p&dwf qGyzf &ef@ 2000 udk '%faiG tjzpf

aomfvnf; qGm&ufZfonf toif;twGuf t&nf

tcsi;f jynhpf akH om upm;orm;wpfa,muf jzpfa-umif;
csD;usL;vdkufonf?
t*Fvefvufa&G;pif upm;orm;a[mif;
uma&*gu at*sufpftoif;rS aygif(24)oef;jzifh ac:
,lxm;aom qGm&ufZfESifh ywfouf_yD; bufvdkufr+
rygyJ &d;k om;pGm 0efc&H &if/ qGm&ufZu
f kd b,fupm;orm;
eJ@rS rvJEdkifygbl;/ u|efawmfwdk@vd*f&J@ *&dwfyav,m
awGukd u|eaf wmf aumif;aumif;odygw,f/ refp;D wD;u
t*l&dk/ ref,lu &Gef;eDwdk@[mvnf; ajcpGrf;jy_yD; *dk;awG
qufwdkuf oGif;,lay;xm;w,f? olwdk@[m rwlnDwJh
upm;orm;awGyg? 'gayr,fh u|eaf wmf&;kd om;pGm 0efcH
r,f/ bufvdkufr+rygyJeJ@aygh/ qGm&ufZfudk olwdk@eJ@ rvJ
Edik yf gb;l [k xkwaf zmfajym-um;vdu
k o
f nf?
uma&*gu olwdk@udk qGm&ufZfavmuf
raumif;bl;vdk@ u|efawmfqdkvdkwm r[kwfbl;aemf/
qdv
k w
kd mu qGm&ufZu
f kd olw@kd e@J rvJEikd b
f ;l vd@k yJ ajym
wmyg? qGm&ufZf[m wu,fxl;jcm;wJh upm;orm;
yg[k xyfrHjznfhoGif; csD;usL;oGm;cJhonf? qGm&ufZf
onf vDAmylv;f twGuf (22) yGJ upm;xm;_yD;/ (9) *d;k
oGi;f ,lay;xm;onf?

*dk;(40) oGif;,lcJhonfh
pD;a&mfe,f'dk

c%wm aysmf & $ i f r + t wG u f oif h t ouf u d k a y;vd k u f a wmh r S m vm;?

vd i f w pf c gquf q H & H k E S i f h v nf ; AIDS a&m*gjzpf w wf y gonf ?

c&pP f w D , mEd k a&mf e ,f ' d k

3=2011=atmif a Zmf r d k ; vwf

&D ; &J v f r uf ' &pf pwm;yav,m

c&pPfwD,mEdk a&mfe,f'dkonf &D&Jvftoif;twGuf
*d;k (40)jynhf oGi;f ay;Edik cf o
hJ nf?
tufpyefnKd toif;udk (4=0)ESihf Edik cf _hJ yD;
vmvD*gwGif 2010=11 ckESpftwGuf *dk; (40) jynhfcJh
jcif;jzpfonf?

ay;aqmif&ef trde@f csrw

S cf ahJ -umif; pufwifbm 30 &uf
ae@xw
k f attufzyf D az: jyxm;onf? _y;D cJo
h nfh Zlvikd f
vtwGif;u 2014 urBm@zvm; ajcppfyGJwGif tdrf&Sif
jrefrmtoif;u tdkreftoif;tm; 2 *dk;jywf &+H;edrfhpOf
jrefrm y&dowftcsKd@u uGif;twGif; cJrsm;/ a&Al;rsm;/
oHcsG erf sm;/ xD;/ zdeyf tp&So
d nfw
h @kd EiS hf ypfaygucf o
hJ nfh
twGuf yGzJ suo
f rd ;f cJ&h aom tjzpftysuEf iS hf ywfouf
I FIFA u ta&;,lvu
kd jf cif;jzpfonf?
xdo
k @kd y&dowftcsK@.
d &rf;um;r+a-umifh tdrk ef
abmvH;k orm;rsm;ESihf enf;jytcsK@d xdcu
kd f '%f&m&um
yGJudk &yfqdkif;cJh&_yD; FIFArS wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u tdkref
toif;tm; tEdkifay;cJhonf?

f q
f ;D &&Sd
Respect qkukd csJ,v

atmuf w d k b m

6=2011=atmif a Zmf r d k ; vwf

t*Fvef abmvHk;tzGJ@csKyf tufzfatu

2010=11 ck E S p f abmvH k ; &moD w G i f owf r S w f
pnf;urf;twdkif; vkdufygvkyfaqmifr+ taumif;qHk;
toif; Respect qkcs;D rSi&hf m cs,
J v
f q
f ;D toif;
u &&SdoGm;onf? qka-u;tjzpf aygif(3)aomif; &&Sd
oGm;cJhonf? y&dowfqkudk qef;'g;vefu aygif (2)
aomif; &&Scd -hJ uonf?

teDu'fxjd yefwhJ &Ge;f eD

atmuf w d k b m

atmuf w d k b m

oif , H k - unf & onf h owif ; *sme,f

puf w if b m 30=2011=&ef y d k i f ({&m0wD )

&Gef;eD? t*l&dkwdkYeJYawmif rvJEdkifygwJh qGm&ufZf

qmtJvufpzf m*lqef ref,w

l iG f aemufxyf 4 &moD quf&adS ernf

_yD;cJhonhf aemf0SpfcsfESifh awG@qHkcJhonfh

yGJwGif tEdkifupm;Edkifvdkufjcif;onf tdk;x&ufzdk*fh
wGif 19 }udrf qufwdkuf tEdkifyGJjzpfcJh_yD; pHcsdefopf
wpfckvnf; jzpfcJhonf? 'g[m toif;om;awG&J@
tm;xkwfr+a-umifh &cJhwJh pHcsdefyg/ _ydKifyGJwpfyGJrSm
uGsefawmfh upm;orm;awG xJu 8 a,mufavmuf
qDuyJ taumif;qH;k yHpk H &ae&if awmfyg_yD/ tJ'h aD vmuf
qdk&if toif;udk armif;ESifzdk@ vHkavmufyg_yD/ 'gayr,fh
'D & moD r S m yxryG J O D ; xG u f 6 yG J a vmuf u awmh
uGseaf wmfah umifawG 11 a,mufv;kH olw@kd &@J taumif;
qH;k yHrk mS &Sad ecJ-h uygw,f

jref r my&d o wf t csK@d . ypf c wf w d k u f c d k u f r + u d k uG i f ; twG i f ; &S d td k r ef t &ef u pm;orm;rsm; wd r f ; a&S m if a eyH k ( "gwf y H k = {&m0wD )

6=2011=atmif a Zmf r d k ; vwf

0d e f ; &G e f ; eD

rGew
f eD *D &d;k enf;jy b&efcu
kd &Ge;f eD teDu'f
&&Sjd cif;. aemufu,
G t
f &if;tjrpfrmS ol@ro
d m;pk jy\
em jzpfa-umif; ajym-um;cJ_h y;D xdu
k o
hJ @kd jy\emjzifh &ifqikd f
ae&aom ol@udk xnfhoGif;upm;oGm;cJhonfh umy,f
vd.
k qH;k jzwfcsuu
f kd em;rvnfEikd af tmif jzpf&a-umif;
xkwaf zmfajym-um;cJo
h nf?
b&efcu
kd u|eaf wmf odoavmufawmh
&Gef;eDrSm rdom; pkjy\em t}uD;}uD; &Sdaew,f/

ol0ifupm;vdrfhr,fvdk@ vHk;0ar#mfvifhrxm;bl 'Dvdk

tajctaersK;d rSm b,fvkd vkyf yGu
J kd tm&Hpk u
kd Ef ikd rf mS vJ
ol&wJh teDu'f&J@ aemuf uG,frSm rdom;pk jy\em
a-umifh[k ajym-um; cJhonf?
&Gef;eDonf rGefwDeD*&dk; upm;orm;tm;
&nf&G,fcsuf &Sd&Sd wrifwum uefausmuf cJhaom
a-umifh UEFA. ta&;,lr+jzifh &ifqdkif&rnf jzpf_yD;/
tenf;qHk; (3) yGJy,f jypf'%fjzifh &ifqdkif&zG,f&Sdonf?
xdkyGJwGif rGefwDeD*&dk;toif;ESifh t*Fveftoif;wdk@
wpfzuf 2 *d;k jzifh upm;cJ-h uonf?

2011=ck E S p f / atmuf w d k b mvwG i f pwif x k w f a 0onf

pmrsuf E S m =3

twG J = 1/ trS w f = 1

tvkyform;*sme,f

tvkyo
f rm;rsm; ay;pmu@

f mG rrII xdik ;f jrefrme,fpyf

MSF xGuc

use;f rma&; xdcu

kd ef idk f

MSF . trS w f w H q d y f
puf w if b m 26=2011=Ed k i f u G e f ; td e f ( AG D t d k a t)

bef a umuf _ rd K @v,f r S m xd k i f ; yk v d y f a wG tEd k i f u sif h y H k r sm;

odk@
a&$vkyfom;*sme,f &Sifh
usrwd@k prGwpf mcGeef ,fajr us0v
d k txnfcsKyfpuf&rkH S pufcsKyftvkyu
f kd vky-f uygw,f?
-o*kwv
f 2 &ufae@u usrwd@k ZeD;armifEHS 2 OD;wd@k onf befaumuf_rdK@ tEkq0gvD ausmufwikd t
f eD; aexdik af om
rdwfaqGwpfOD;xHodk@ tauG;&p&maiGtm; oGm;a&mufawmif;cH&ef tvkdiSmoGm;a&muf-upOf vdkif;um;ay:rS
qif;v#iq
f if;jcif; xdik ;f &Jzrf;qD;jcif;udk cH&ygonf?
um;ay:uqif;pOf xdkif;&JwpfOD;a&muf&Sdvm_yD; bwf&Sd/ r&Sdar;jref;onf? udkatmifatmifwGif
,m,Dywfpydk@ yg&Sdaomfvnf; rckdifwGif bwfomyg&Sdonf? xdka-umifh touf 40 0ef;usif&Sd xdkif;&JwpfOD;u
um;eHywf 1938 ay:od@k zrf;qD;ac:wifco
hJ nf?
usr. trsKd;orD;t*F gZmwfESifh &ifom;udk udkifwG,fyGwfowfjcif;cH&ygw,f? xdk@aemuf bwfaiG
2500 ESifh bwf 3000 ausmfwef a&$vufpGyf eHywf (965) wpfuGif;tm; &Ju ,loGm;onf?
od@k jzpfygI xdik ;f Edik if t
H wGi;f w&m;0if aexdik f tvkyv
f yk u
f ckd iG (hf bwf)ESihf ywfpyd@k udik af qmif xm;ygv#uf
,ckuJhodk@ aiGESifh vuf0wfvufpm;rsm;udk tEdkifhtxuf,liifjcif;ESifh trsKd;orD;wpfOD;tm; rzG,fr&m udkifwG,f
yGwo
f yfjcif; wd@k tm; tzG@J tpnf;rsm; 0dik ;f 0ef;ulnD ay;-uyg&ef arwWm&yfcH tyfygonf?
rcdkif?

....
usaemf w d k @ jzpf t if u d k tod a y;csif y gw,f ?
odk@

usaemfw@kd &cdik jf ynfe,f &rf;_AJ_rdK@e,fuyg? usaemfw@kd ukd e,fpyfu ESpEf ikd if t

H vkyo
f rm; wifoiG ;f wJh
tpDtpOfe@J jrefrmtm%mydik af wGu xdik ;f bufypJG m; vufxu
J kd xnfv
h u
kd w
f myg? &efuek f ausmufww
H m;_rKd @e,fu
&J0ehH *g;ukr%
` u
D yd@k vu
kd yf gw,f? aumhaomif; a&$jynfom&yfuu
G f q&mpHvrf;u taqmifwpfcrk mS vlaygi;f &mcs_D y;D
pkxm;ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@udk &efukefu yGJpm;ukr`%D udkvnf; usyfav;odef;cGJ ay;_yD;yg_yD/ aumhaomif; rve &Hk;u
wm0ef&o
dS al wGu xdik ;f bufu PMP ukr%
` eD @J pmcsKyfcsKyfwt
hJ cg usaemfw@kd ukd bwfwpfaomif; ay;&r,fq_kd yD;
vufrw
S x
f ;kd cJ&h ygw,f? xdik ;f bufuakd &mufvmwJt
h cg tJ'u
D rk %
` q
D w
kd m rawG@&awmhyJ &aemif;uyGpJ m; @ @ @ @ @ eJ@
befaumufu yGpJ m; @ @ @ @ @ wd@k qrD mS usaemfw@kd ywfpyd@k a&muf&o
dS mG ;ygw,f? usaemfw@kd cx
k d tvkyt
f udik f rnfrnf&&
r&Syd g? yGpJ m;awGu 16000 ay;_yD;a&G;&if usaemfw@kd ,m,Dywfpyd@k ay;r,fv@kd ajymygw,f? usaemf wd@k vkd jzpfaewJh
tvkyform;awG axmifaygif;rsm;pGm &Sdaeygw,f? w&m;0ifoa,mifeJ@ vlukeful;cHae&wJh usaemfwdk@ tjzpfudk
jrefrmtpd;k & odatmif ajymay;yg cifAsm; ?
&rf;_AJom;acs(xdkif;awmifydkif;)

xdik ;f / jrefrm e,fpyfa'oae jynfoal wGukd

use;f rma&; tultnDawG ay;aewJh b,fv*f s,
D H tajc
pdu
k f e,fpnf;rjcm; q&m0efrsm;toif;( MSF)tzG@J
[m 'DvxJrmS vkyif ef;&yfqikd ;f awmhrmS jzpfygw,f? 'Dvkd
&yfqdkif;&wm[mvnf; b&yfqJvfrSm&SdwJh MSF&Hk;
csKyu
f ae qH;k jzwfwm jzpfw,fv@kd MSF0efxrf;awGu
ajymygw,f? MSFtzG@J [m xdik ;f / jrefrme,fpyfrmS &Sw
d hJ
jref r mtvk y f o rm; awG e J @ 'k u Q o nf p cef ; &S d
'kuQonfawGudk iSufzsm;eJ@ wDbDa&m*gtjyif wjcm;
taxGaxG a&m*gawGudk uko tultnD ay;cJh&mu
ae tckvkd xGuo
f mG ;wJt
h wGuf a'ocHawG tzd@k awmh
use;f rma&;qdik &f m jy\emawG &Sv
d mEdik w
f ,fv@kd ajymqdk
r+awG &Sad eygw,f?
xdik ;f Edik if H e,fpyfa'ou jrefrma&$@ajymif;
tvkyo
f rm;awGu/ ppfajy;'kuo
Q nfawGe@J e,fpyfae
jynfoal wGukd use;f rma&;udpP t00 ulnaD pmifah &Smuf
ay;aewJh e,fpnf;rjcm; q&m0efrsm;toif; ( MSF)
tzJ@G [m 'Dvupvd@k vkyif ef;awGukd &yfqikd ;f vdu
fk w
f myg
tckvdk MSFtzGJ@taeeJ@ xdkif;EdkifiH uae vkyfief;
&yfqdkif;zdk@twGuf txuf tm%mydkifawGuae qHk;
jzwfcw
hJ mjzpf_y;D ta-umif;&if;udak wmh &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif;
rod&ao;bl;vd@k MSFbefaumuf&;kH cGu
J jrefrmt&m
&Sd wpfO;D u ajymygw,f?
xdik ;f Edik if rH mS r&Sad wmhb;l As? tuke&f yk o
f rd ;f
_yD;awmh 'DEpS u
f ek af vmufq&kd if tukeo
f rd ;f r,f? ol@t
oif;&J@ jy\emaygah emf? xdik ;f eJ@ odyrf qdik b
f ;l ? ol@&@J q;kH
jzwfcsufaygh? b&yfqJvfuae qHk;jzwfw,f? MSF
qH;k jzwf_y;D om;qdak wmh bmrS ajymEdik b
f ;l av? yk*K~d vt
f &
qd&k ifawmh tJ'v
D kd rjzpfapcsib
f ;l ? 'gayr,fh usaemfw@kd
taeeJ @ rvH k a vmuf b l ; ? 'g b&yf q J v f t qif h ?

M S F . 2009 ck E S p f {&m0wD w d k i f ; em*pf a 'oul n D a &;vk y f i ef ; cG i f j rif u G i f ; ("gwf y k H = M S F )

usaemfw@kd tqifh r[kwaf wmhb;l ? befaumuftqifh

r[kwf awmhbl;?
wjcm;tzGJ@tpnf;xJrSm IRC wdk@
ARCwk@d aygah emf? jy\em tJ'aD vmuf t}uD;us,f
rjzpfb;l xifw,f? 'gayr,fh MSF avmufq&kd if b,f
olrS vkyfay;rEdkifbl;av? aq;cef;zGifhr,f/ q&m0ef
csay;r,f? aq;0g;u jynfjh ynfph pkH kH csEikd w
f hJ tzG@J tpnf;
u 'Davmuf twdkif;twm r&Sdbl;?
tultnD &yfqikd ;f a&; tpDtpOfukd _y;D cJw
h hJ
-o*kwv
f 30 &ufae@uwnf;u befaumuf&;kH csKyfrmS
usif;ycJhwJh MSF tpnf;ta0;rSm xdkif;EdkifiHqdkif&m
use;f rma&;wm0efcH rpPwm 'ef;epfpf yDEKGd i(f Mr.Denis
Penoy) uae xdkif;EdkifiHqdkif&m tultnDay;a&;
ya&m*suu
f kd &yfqikd ;f zd@k w&m;0ifoabmwl qH;k jzwfcw
hJ m
jzpfygw,f?
MSFtzGJ@taeeJ@ tzGJ@twGif; bm
a&; tcuftcJ&,f wjcm; tm&yfEikd if rH sm;jzpfwhJ vpfAsm;
ESifh qD;&D;,m;EdkifiH tygt0if tmz&duwdkuf&Sd tiwf
ab; }uHKae&wJh EdkifiHawGudk ta&;ay: tultnDay;
a&; tajctaea-umifh xdik ;f Edik if t
H wGi;f &Sd &H;k awGukd ydwf
&jcif;jzpfw,fv@kd pufwifbmv 7 &uf ae@peJG @J MSF
xdkif;EdkifiHqdkif&m wm0efcH rpPwm 'ef;epfpf yDEdGKifu
vufrSwfa&;xdk;_yD; r[mrdwftzGJ@awGudk ta-umif;
-um;cJyh gw,f?
tckvkd e,fpnf;rjcm; q&m0efrsm;toif;
tzGJ@ taeeJ@ xdkif;/ jrefrme,fpyfuae xGufoGm;wm
[m e,fpyfae a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;awG tzdk@awmh

ysO;f rem;jrKd Ye,f a'ocH &Gmom; ESp&f mausmf w&m;pGJcHae&

....
r[mcsKd i f u xd k i f ; yk v d y f a wG ,k w f r myH k u awmh
odk@

(0J r S xd k i f ; &J ) r[mcsKd i f xd k i f ; &J r S zrf ; qD ; oG m ;yH k

a&$vyk o
f m;*sme,fcifAsm
usaemfwdk@ r[mcsKdifrSm ykvdyfawG[m
Armtvkyform;jrifor# vdkufvHaESmuf,Sufaer+u
txl;vGefuJygw,f? r[mcsKdif xdkif;,lepf ig;aowWm
&Hak &S@u tvkyo
f rm;awG aewJah e&mawGukd r[mcsKid f
4 xyf ykvyd &f ;kH uykvyd af wG eHywfrygwu
hJ m;tjzLeJ@ vm
_yD;awmh tvkyform;awGudk ppfaq;ygw,f? tvkyf
orm;awGrmS ywfpyd@k vyk x
f m;-uw,fav? zrf;p&mr&Sd
bmvk y f v J q d k a wmh
tvk y f o rm;awG

pm;p&dwaf wGrw
S x
f m;wJh pmtkyu
f kd csx
J x
D ;kd wmqd_k y;D zrf;ac:oGm;w,f? olaX;u oGm;_y;D awmh tmrcHvyk af y;&w,f?
r[mcsKdifrSm 'Dvdkvkyfaeusjzpfayr,fh 'Dvdkvkyfaewmudk &yfwef@oGm;atmif b,fvdkvkyf&rvJ
rodb;l jzpfaeygw,f? usaemfw@kd tJ'yD v
k yd af wG&@J yu
kH kd "gwyf kH cd;k &du
k x
f m;wm &Syd gw,f?
xdkif;,lepfrS tjrifrawmfwJh tvkyform;wpfOD;?

odk@
a&$vkyfom;*sme,f cifAsm
r[mcsKdifrSm xdkif;,lepftem; r[mcsKdif 4 xyf ykvdyf&Hk;uykvdyfawG tkyfpkvdkufvm_yD;awmh
aq;ajcmufxw
k af wGe@J vmzrf;ygw,f? pufwifbm aemufq;kH ywfu usaemfw@kd tcef;udk vm&Smygw,f? olw@kd rmS
ygvmwJh aq;ajcmufxw
k u
f kd tr+u
d jf cif;xJrmS xnf_h y;D awmh usaemfw@kd uzkd rf;w,f? usaemfw@kd [mvd@k pGypf _JG y;D awmh
tjcm;ae&mawGu zrf;vmwJh 4 a,muf vnf;ygvmw,f? usaemfwdk@udk wpfaeukef tcsKyfxJrSmxnfhxm;_yD;
naerSm jyefvGwfvdkufw,f? wpfa,mufudk bwf 5000 pD ay;cJh&w,f? r[mcsKdifu ykvdyfawG enf;trsKd;rsKd;eJ@
usaemfw@kd jrefrmtvkyo
f rm;rsm;tay: rw&m;vkyaf ewmawGukd b,forl S ta&;r,lEikd -f ubl;vm;Asm?
udk,fwdkifcHcJh&wJh 0if;atmif(yJcl;)

oif , H k - unf & onf h owif ; *sme,f

vnf; r&Sad wmhb;l av? a&m*gjzpfwhJ tcgus&if/ ydu

k q
f H
r&SdwJholu tdrfrSmyJ aeusw,f? awmaq;0g;awGudk
vku
d &f mS _yD;awmh pm;aomufae-uwm? wcsK@d ydu
k q
f &H dS
wJh olusawmh aq;&Hktxd oGm;-uw,f?
b,fvf*sD ,HEdkifiH tajcpdkuf tzGJ@[m
1975 ckESpfrSm xdkif;EdkifiHudk pwif 0ifa&mufcJhygw,f?
xdkif;/ jrefrme,fpyfrSm&SdwJh jrefrmtvkyform;awGeJ@
'kuQonfpcef;&Sd 'kuQonf awGudk iSufzsm;eJ@ wDbD
tqkwef ma&m*gtjyif wjcm; taxGaxG a&m*gawGukd
uko tultnD ay;cJhygw,f?
2005 ckESpfuae 2009 ckESpfxd qlemrD
a&vSdKif;'%f cHcJh&wJh axmifeJ@csDwJh jrefrma&$@ajymif;
tvkyo
f rm;awGtwGuf aq;cef;awG aqmufvyk af y;
wJhtjyif usefrma&; pifwmawGrSmvnf; jrefrmhaq;
vkyo
f m;rsm;udk cef@tyf wm0efay;cJw
h ,fv@dk rGet
f rsK;d
om; userf ma&; aumfrwD0if wpfO;D u ajymygw,f?
'gtjyif xdik ;f Edik if H prGwq
f mcGecf &dik rf mS &Sw
d hJ
jrefrm a&$@ajymif;tvkyo
f rm;awGe@J xdik ;f / jrefrme,fpyf
bk&m; oH;k ql_rKd @ae a'ocHjynfoal wGtwGuf use;f rma&;
tpDtpOfudk 2011 ckESpf ZGefv txd aq;0g;ukor+eJ@
userf m;a&; apmifah &Smufr+ tultnDukd ay;cJyh gw,f?
wpfywfwpfcg ysO;f rem;_rK@d e,f w&m;&H;k udk oGm;ae&wm
tckq&kd if &H;k csed ;f 4 cg&adS e_yDv@kd qdyk gw,f?
'DudpPeJ@ ywfoufvdk@ w&m;pGJcHxm;&wJh trsKd;orD;
wpfO;D uvnf; w&m;&H;k rSm ajrpm&if;&H;k u w&m;pG_J yD;
awmh zsufcdkif;w,f? w&m;ol}uD;uawmh zsufay;yg
ayg/h cifAsm;wd@k rzsuaf y;&if axmifusr,fayg?h tJ'aD wmh
zsuaf y;vdu
k w
f m em;at;w,f zsuaf y; vdu
k w
f mayg?h
usrwdk@u ae&mr&Sdbl;av? v e(39) rwifvdk@ qdk_yD;
w&m;pGw
J m
v e(39)qd k w m 1953 ck E S p f u jymef ; cJ h w J h
v,f,majr EdkifiHydkifjyKvkyfa&; Oya'jzpfygw,f? tJ'D
aus;&GmawGu a'ocHawG[m vGecf w
hJ hJ q,fpEk pS af wG
uwnf;u tdrfaqmuf aexdkifcJhwm jzpfovdk/ wcsKd@
a'ocH a wG q d k & if pnf y if o m,mud k ES p f p Of t cG e f
aqmifxm;-uw,fvdk@ od&ygw,f?

wd k u f w G e f ; E+ d ; aqmf c su
suff

puf w if b m 17=2011=vG w f v yf o nf h tm&S t o

oH

rE aW v;wdik ;f ysO;f rem;_rKd @e,frmS &Sw

d hJ aus;
&Gm 10 &Gmausmfu vlaetdrf wpfaxmifausmfudk ajr
pm&if; OD;pD;Xmeu zsufcdkif;xm;wJh udpPeJ@ywfouf_yD;
vlEpS &f mausmu
f kd w&m;pGq
J kd cHae&w,fv@kd od&ygw,f?
uefOD;/ oajyvS/ a,mufptif;/ uifyGef;
wef;/ yk&u
G q
f yd u
f ek ;f / oJu|e;f / oufu,fusi;f / t&ifv/kd
r,fZvDuek ;f / O,smOfp/k awmifom/ ajrmufvw
G u
f ek ;f /
tdk;bdk pwJh aus;&GmawGu a'ocH&Gmom;awGudk
v,fajrO,smOfay: usK;ausmfaqmufvkyf aexdkifr+
eJ@ w&m;pGq
J _kd y;D aetdraf wGukd zsucf ikd ;f aewm jzpfygw,f?
tdrfawGrzsuf&if axmifcsr,fvdk@ ajym
qdkxm;ovdk toem;cHpm wifwmudkvnf; aemuf
aemif rwifzdk@ oufqdkif&m tm%mydkifawGu _cdrf;
ajcmuf ajymqdka-umif; w&m;pGJcH ae&olawGxJrSm
yg0ifol wpfOD;jzpfwJh OD;ausmfoufvGifu (RFA) udk
ajymygw,f?

use;f rma&; aq;0g;ukor+twGuf tcuftcJ jzpfw,f

vdk@ bk&m;oHk;ql_rdK@ae zdeyfcsKyfpuf&Hk tvkyform;
wpfO;D u ajymygw,f?
tckawmh awmfawmfav; tcuftcJ
jzpfae-uw,f? use;f rma&;bufrmS qdak wmh tck aq;0g;

rzsufbl;qdk&if axmif 2 ESpfcsr,faygh?

wu,fvdk@ axmifuscH&ifvnf; tdrfuawmh zsuf
&rSmyJ/ rzsufao;&if rSDcdkoludk xyf_yD; w&m;pGJr,fvdk@
ajymw,f? usaemfwdk@u orRw}uD;qDudk toem;cH
pm wifcw
hJ m oH;k }udr&f ydS g_yD? aemuf v,f^qnf 0ef}uD;
qDuv
kd nf; wifygw,f? aejynfawmf aumifpu
D kd wif
ygw,f/ _rdK@e,f tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;&Hk;awGa&m trsm;}uD;
wifygw,f? tJ'Dvdkwifvdk@awmifrS usaemfwdk@udk
tpnf;ta0; qifhac: _yD;awmh aemufwpfcg to
em; cHpmwif&if ta&;,lr,fv@kd _rKd @e,ftyk cf sKyaf &;rSL;u
_cdr;f ajcmufygw,f?
tdrzf su&f _yDq&kd if tdraf xmifpak ygi;f wpfaxmif
ausmf tdk;rJh tdrfrJh jzpf&awmhr,f vdk@ qdkygw,f? tck
qdk&if w&m;pGJ cHae&ol ESpf&mausmf &Sdae_yDvdk@ od&yg
w,f? olw@kd ukd yk'rf 48(u)eJ@ w&m;pGx
J m;wJt
h wGuf

xd k i f ; jref r m tpd k ; &wd k @ cG i f h j yK

csd e f t wG i f ; w&m;0if ae xd k i f c G i f h
(bwf / ,m,D y wf p yd k @ )wd k @ ud k &&S d
atmif vk y f u d k i f x m;-uyg?
w&m;0if aexdkif tvkyf vkyf
ud k i f c G i f h &&S d _ yD ; aemuf xd k i f ; tvk y f
orm; Oya'yg tvkyform; tcGifh
ta&;ES i f h Oya'. tumtuG , f
rsm;ud k &&S d E d k i f a p&ef xd k i f ; tvk y f
orm; Oya'udk rjzpfrae avhvm
rS w f o m;xm; -uyg&ef Ed + ; aqmf
tyf y gonf ?

2011=ck E S p f / atmuf w d k b mvwG i f pwif x k w f a 0onf

pmrsuf E S m =10

twG J = 1/ trS w f = 1

jrefrmtvkyform;rsm; avhvmp&m
vG,u
f o
l nft
h *Fvyd pf m oifcef;pm
q&m OD;atmif-unf wifjyonf?

tyd k i f ; =1
u|ef a wmf v J t*F v d y f p mud k avh v maewJ h o l wpf a ,muf y gyJ ?
twef ; ynm od y f r wwf y J omref Om%f t &nf t aoG ; om&S d w J h u|ef a wmf h e J @
vG , f v G , f u l u l rS w f r d a pwJ h pmtk y f w pf c sKd @ u t*F v d y f p mawG u d k
twl w l a vh v m&atmif
1. Letter/ Alphabet
(tuQ&mpmvHk;)

a,b,c ..

2.

Word
(pum;vHk;)

see

3.

Phrase
(pum;pk)

to see

4. Clause
(0gusyd k i f ; )

5. Sentence
(0gus)
qdkwmawGudk

whom I want to see

He is the man (whom) I want to see.

(tuQ&mpmvHk;) vdk@ac:w,f?

Alphabet
a,b,c .. qdkwmawGudk Letter/ Alphabet
(tuQ & mpmvH k ; ) vd k @ ac:w,f ?
tJ ' D ( tuQ & mpmvH k ; )awG u d k aygif ; vd k u f & if Word
Word
(pum;vH k ; ) jzpf v mw,f ?
Phraset'Dpum;vHk;awG wpfvHk;xufydkvm&if wpfvHk;xufydkvm&if
Phrase (pum;pk) vdk@ac:w,f?
( Verb awmh rygbl;)
Clause
- tJ'D Phrase rSm Subject eJ@ Verb ygvm&if
Clause(0gusydkif; 0gus&J@ tpdwftydkif;) vdk@ac:w,f? Sub eJ@ Verb
ygaeayr,fh ygaeayr,fh t"dy`g,fjynhfpHkr+ &SdcsifrS&Sdr,f?
Oyrm
Whom I want to see. (igawG@csifwJhvl) qdkwm .SubeJ eJ@ Verb
ygaeayr,fh t"dy`g,fjynfph w
kH hJ Sentence (0gus) rjzpfao;bl;
Clause vdk@yJac:&ygr,f?
Sentence
= t"dy`g,fjynfhpkHwJh pma-umif;udk Sentence (0gus)
vdk@ac:w,f?
He is the man whom I want to see.
ol[m igawG@csifaewJh vlyJ?
u|eaf wmfw@kd bmompum;wpfcu
k kd a&;zwfajymawmhr,fq&kd if txufrmS az: jy
xm;wJh tqifhawGudk jzwfausmfvm_yD;rS &rSmyg? 'gav;awGudkodxm;_yD;&if u|efawmfwdk@
Sentenceta-umif;udq
k ufavhvmvdu
k &f atmifaemf? Sentence(0gus) ta-umif;
udk avhvmawmhr,fqdkawmh ar;cGef;av; wpfckavmuf ar;yg&aptHk;aemf?
Sentence (0gus) qdkwm bmygvJcifAsm? pOf;pm;xm;ygtHkaemf aemufwpfywfrS
jyefawG@r,f tDtcgus&ifawmh u|efawmfwdk@ tajzav; wdkuf-unfh&wmaygh?
ud k ; um;= OD ; atmif [ d e f ; ausmf t*F v d y f p m a&;om;enf ; pmtk y f r S wif j yonf

2011=ck E S p f / atmuf w d k b mvwG i f pwif x k w f a 0onf

tvkyof rm;*sme,f

wdrf;apmif;aeaom vkyf&yfrsm;
xdik ;f Edik if rH mS aexdik w
f hJ b,fEikd if o
H m; b,f
vlrsK;d rqdk xdik ;f Edik if u
H jyXmef;xm;wJh Oya'udk vdu
k ef m
-u&rSmjzpfygw,f? tvm;wl jrefrmEdik if rH mS aexdik o
f l
[lor#w@kd [mvnf; jrefrmEdik if u
H Oya'twdik ;f vdu
k f
em-u&rSm jzpfw,f? 'gayr,fh vky&f yfawGu wdr;f apmif;
aew,f?
xdik ;f Edik if q
H w
kd m jrefrmvlrsK;d awGe@J tom;
ta&mif t&yftarmif; udk;uG,fwJhbmomeJ@ tpm;
tpmawGu tp teD;pyfqHk; wkdif;jynfjzpfygw,f?
xdkif;EdkifiH tESHtjym;rSm oef;csD&SdwJh jrefrmawG ysHESH0if
a&muf tvkyfvkyfudkif ae-u_yD;vnf; jzpfygw,f?
'gha-umifh xdkif;awG&J@ oabmobm0eJ@ xdkif;bmom
pum; udv
k nf; jrefrmawG tawmfrsm;rsm; ajymEdik q
f kd
Edik f jzpfae-uwmudk awG@&&dS w,f?
0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif; xyfqifvufxuf
2003 ckEpS rf mS aexdik f tvkyv
f yk u
f ikd cf iG (hf yef;a&mifbwf)
udk vkyaf y;cJw
h ,f? xdik ;f tpd;k &twGuf t}uD;tus,f
yGayguw
f ;kd cJw
h hJ pDru
H ed ;f }uD;jzpfw,fv@kd befaumuft
ajcpdu
k f tvkyo
f rm;ta&; aqmif&u
G o
f l wpfa,muf
u axmufjyygw,f? tpd;k & owfrw
S af ps;u bwfaiG
3800 omjzpfayr,fh bwf 5000 ^ 6000 ukefuscH
vkycf -hJ u&wmyg? 'D (bwf)u _rdK@e,fwpfcu
k wpfcu
k kd
oGm;vmcGihf rjyK? tvkyt
f udik f ajymif;a&$@z@kd ydwyf if xde;f
csKyfxm;wmawG uef@owfcsufawGtrsm;}uD;eJ@ vkyf
xm;wm jzpfygw,f?
xdik ;f eJ@jrefrmtpk;d &wd@k jrefrmtvkyf o
rm;awGudk ,m,DEdkifiHul;vufrSwf vkyfay;vmcJhwm
2 ESpf wif;wif;jynfch _hJ yD; jzpfw,f? jrefrmtvkyo
f rm;
awG[m xdik ;f vkyif ef;&Siaf wGe@J xdik ;f &JawG ,kwrf myuf
pufr+awGudk ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm cHpm;ae-u&w,f? vGwf
vGwfvyfvyf oGm;vmcsif-uwma-umifh bwfaiG
aomif;csD tukecf _H y;D vkyu
f ikd cf -hJ uwm jzpfovkd vkyaf e
-uqJvnf; jzpfw,fvdk@ tqdkyg tvkyform;ta&;
aqmif&u
G o
f u
l ajymjyygw,f?
,m,D ywf p yd k @ vk y f z d k @ wd k u f w G e f ; wk e f ; u
,m,D
xd k i f ; tpd k ; &u bmawG uwd a y;cJ h o v
vJ
xdkif;wpfEdkifiHvHk;udk vGwfvGwfvyfvyf
oGm;vmcGifh&Sdw,f? tcGefraumuf/ ykvdyfrzrf;/ xdkif;
tvkyform;rsm;enf;wl tvkyform; tcGifhta&;
wef;wl&&Srd ,f qd_k yD; ajymqdu
k wd ay;cJyh gw,f?
jrefrmtvkyo
f rm;awG ,m,Dywfpyd@k r
vkyfcif(yef;a&mif aexdkifcGifh bwf)udk bwfaiG 4000
u ae 6000 txd ukeu
f sc_H yD; OD;pGmvky&f ygw,f? _yD;rS
,m,Dywfpyd@k ukd tenf;qH;k bwf 6500 uae 10000
twGif;rSm ukefuscH_yD; vkyfudkif-u&ygw,f? _yD;&if
work permit qdkwmudkvnf; wpfESpfpmtwGuf

uwd r wnf r + a wG e J @ acG ; t_rD ; aumuf u d k

usnf a xmuf c|wf _ yD
(bwf)jzpfap ,m,Dywfydk@jzpfap tvkyf
orm;vufxrJ mS udik af qmifxm;&r,fv@kd xdik ;f tvkyf
orm; Oya'rSm jyXmef;xm;ayr,fh jrefrmtvkyo
f rm;
wdik ;f rSm udik af qmifciG hf r&&S-d uygb;l ? vkyif ef;&Siaf wG odr;f
xm;wm cH&ygw,f? &Spd rk phJ k vkyx
f m;wJh w&m;0if aexdik f
cGifh(bwf)awGudk vkyfief;&Sifu qufvkyfray;wm
a-umifh w&m;r0if jzpfoGm;-uwJh tvkyform;awG
a&wGuv
f @kd rukeEf ikd af tmif rsm;jym;ygw,f?

v#yH ,fjzpfaewma-umifh xdik ;f vkyif ef;&Siaf wG[m tpd;k

&owfrSwfxm;wJh wpfae@vkyftm;c 162 bwf ay;p
&mrvdyk J wpfae@ukd bwf 60 avmufe@J cdik ;f vd@k &aewm
jzpfw,f? rJaqmufrmS tvky&f akH v;ig;&mxuf renf;
&Sad yr,fh tpd;k &owfrw
S af ps;ay;wJh puf&kH av;ig;&Ho
k m
&Sw
d ,fv@kd rJaqmufu tvkyo
f rm;ta&; aqmif&u
G f
olawGu ajymygw,f?
'gah -umifh rJaqmufu jrefrmtvkyo
f rm;
awG[m tcuftcJ trsK;d rsK;d -um;u vkyt
f m;cawG yd&k
wJh befaumufeJ@ tjcm;_rdK@awGudk oGm;vdk-uygw,f?
oGm;&r,fh tcGifhtvrf;awG
udk t_rJar#mfvifh }udK;yrf;ae
wwf-uw,f? 'ga-umifhyJ vl
ukeful;olawGu vG,fvifhw
ul pnf;&Hk;vdk@ &wwf-uw,f
vd@k ajym-uygw,f?
tvkyform;awG[m
vkyftm;c ydkrdk&&SdwJh _rdK@}uD;
udkoGm;csifvGef;vdk@ q,fem&D
xuf r enf ; vk y f r S wpf a e@
ajcmufq,f ckEpS q
f ,f &wJh 0if

t"rR y d w f a vS m if c d k i f a pjcif ; cH & ol r sm;ud k awG @ &pOf ( "gwf y H k = ausmf a omif ; )

befaumufteD;u r[mcsKdifrSmqdk&if
bwfr&Sd ywfpyd@k r&Sv
d @kd zrf;pm;wmuawmh r[mcsKid f &J
awG&J@ t"duae@pOf pD;yGg;a&;vkyfief;jzpfygw,f? _yD;cJh
wJhae@u ,m,Dywfpydk@ vkyfxm;wJh tvkyform;awG
udyk g zrf;qD;_y;D awmh aiG!pS /f &Jpcef;ac: _y;D tdro
f maq;
cdik ;f / tr+u
d v
f cJS ikd ;f tvkycf ikd ;f aewmu tawmfyJ ,kwf
rm yufpufrj+ zpfw,fv@kd ud,
k w
f ikd f cHpm;cJ&h wJh r[mcsKid f
u &cdik f tvkyo
f rm;wpfO;D u ajymygw,f?
'gt
h jyif 'D&ufyikd ;f rSmyJ xdik ;f awmifyikd ;f zefi
tajcpdu
k f ynma&;zG@H _zdK;r+azgiaf '&Si;f FEDvd@k ac:wJh
tef*st
D u
kd 0efxrf; 2 a,muf rJaqmuf&;kH cGu
J ae vuf
axmuf'g&u
kd w
f m wpfO;D eJ@twl zefi&H;k vkyif ef; udpeP @J
vmwmudk oGm;vmcGifh r&Sdvdk@qdkum wmcfh*dwf t
a&mufrmS um;ay:uqGcJ s_yD; rJaqmufukd jyefy@kd wm cHchJ
&ygw,f? 'Dvdkw&m;0if oGm;vmcGifhudk ydwfyif wm;
jrpfwm[m vluek u
f ;l r+ukd tm;ay;tm;arSmuf ay;&m
a&mufEdkifw,fvdk@ udk,fawG@}uHKcJh&wJh vufaxmuf
'g&u
kd w
f mu ajymygw,f?
'DjzpfpOfukd FED 'g&u
kd w
f m OD;xl;cspu
f
usaemfwdk@ tzGJ@tpnf;[m xdkif;EdkifiHrSm w&m;0if
rSwfyHk wifxm;wJh tzGJ@jzpfw,f? jrefrmvlrsKd;awGom
ru xdkif;EdkifiHtwGufyg tusKd;jzpfapwJh tzGJ@tpnf;
jzpfygw,f? usaemfwdk@vdktzGJ@u w&m;0if ,m,D

aiG uav;awGudk wpfESpfrS ESpf ESpf}udwfrSdwfpk_yD;

rJaqmuf rSm aexdik t
f vkyf vkyu
f ikd cf iG (hf bwf) vkyx
f m;
-uw,f? bwfvkyf_yD;awmh ydkufqHxyfpk-uw,f?
wcsKd@qdk ,m,Dywfpydk@vkyf_yD; _rdK@}uD;awGudk oGm;
zd k @ twG u f ae&yf & if ; u rd o m;pk a wG q D u d k aiG r S m
-uw,f? _yD;cJhwJh azaz:0g&Dvu rJaqmufuae_yD;
&aemif;od@k ywfpyd@k vyk f zd@k oGm;r,fh tvkyo
f rm; (110)
udk rJaqmuf vkyif ef;&Siaf wGu &JawGe@J aygi;f _yD; zrf;qD;
vdkufw,f?
befaumufu ywfpydk@vkyfwJh ukr`%Du
jrefrm0efxrf; jynfESif'%fcH&w,f? EdkifiHul;vufrSwf
&kwo
f rd ;f cHvu
kd &f w,f? tvkyo
f rm;awG rJaqmufrmS
aexdkifcGifh(bwf)vkyfxm;wmawG tukefzsufqD;
cHvdkuf&w,f?
ESpEf ikd if t
H pd;k & w&m;0if vkyaf eygv#uf bm
a-umifh rJaqmufu tvkyo
f rm;awGukd ,m,Dywfpyd@k
vkycf iG hf rjyK-uwmvJv@kd rJaqmufu tvkyo
f rm; t
a&; aqmif&u
G o
f al wGu ajym-uygw,f? xdik ;f tpd;k &eJ@
jrefrmtpd;k &wd@k ,ae@xd wpfpw
kH pfck 0ifa&muf pHpk rf;jcif;
r&Sad o;bl;?
'gayr,fh rJaqmufrmS xdik ;f Edik if o
H m; cH,l
cGifh&xm;wJh emrnf}uD; vlukeful;ol wpfa,muf&Sd
w,f? xdkif;wpfEdkifiHvHk;rSm&SdwJh puf&Hk tvkyf&Hku vdk
tyfor# tvkyform;awGudk wifydk@ay;aew,f?
rJaqmufu xdkif;tm%mydkifeJ@ wmcfh*dwfu xdkif;
tm%mydkifawG rsufuG,fjyKxm;-uw,f? 'Dvl[m
tvky&f akH [mif;awG puf&akH [mif;awGrmS tvkyo
f rm;
awG &mcsD_yD; t_rJpkaqmif; xm;w,fvdk@ rJaqmufu
tvkyo
f rm;ta&; aqmif&u
G o
f al wGu ajymjyygw,f?
'D emrnf}uD; vluek u
f ;l *d%
k ;f csKyf}uD;u wify@kd vu
kd v
f @kd
xdik ;f Edik if t
H wGi;f a&muf&o
dS mG ;}uwJh tvkyo
f rm;awG
work permit vkyfr&yJ 'kuQa&muf ae-uw,f?
axmfa&mf 381 vdk@ ac:wJh pm&GufawGu twkawG

t"rR y d w f a vS m if I tvk y f c d k i f ; cH x m;&onf h tvk y f o rm;rsm;ud k u,f x k w f a epOf ("gwf y H k = ausmf a omif ; )

yJGpm;c tygt0if bwfaiG 6000 0ef;usif tukefcH_yD;

vky-f u&ygw,f?
'Dae&mrSm jrefrmtpd;k &[m bwfvyk _f yD;rS
ywfpydk@vkyf&wm/ ywfpydk@vkyf_yD; work permit
vkyf&wmawG tvkyform;wpfa,muftwGuf 'Dt
qifh 3qifrh mS tuket
f us b,favmufrsm;r,f/ xdik ;f
awG tjrwfxkwfawmhr,f qdkwmudk xnfhrwGufcJh
wmudk awG@&w,f? oef;csDwJh jrefrmtvkyform;awG
ausmaumhatmif cHae&_yDqw
kd mudk ckxd jrefrmtpd;k &
odao;[ef rwlao;bl;vdk@ befaumufu tvkyf
orm;ta&; aqmif&u
G o
f u
l qufvufajymjyygw,f?

ywfpydk@ vkyfxm;_yD; oGm;vmaewmudkawmif xdkif;&J

awGu ydwfyifwm;jrpf&if omreftvkyform;awGudk
qdk&if b,favmuftxd tEdkifusifhrvJqdkwm awG;
-unfhvdk@ &ygw,fvdk@ ajymjyygw,f?
vH k ; 0 em;rvnf E d k i f w J h xd k i f ; tm%myd k i f a wG & J @
vk y f & yf
xdkif;jrefrme,fpyf rJaqmuf_rdK@qdkwm
jrefrmawG ae@wikd ;f 0ifa&mufaewJh e,fpyf_rKd @jzpfygw,f?
wmcfch &dik ef @J rJaqmuf_rKd @e,ftwGi;f rSm a&$@ajymif; tvkyf
orm; 4 odef;ausmfcef@ &Sdw,f? tvkyform; vdktyf
csux
f uf 0ifa&mufvmae-uwJh tvkyo
f rm;awG t

jzpfaewma-umifhvdk@ thJ'Dvlydk@ay;wJh tpDtpOfeJ@ vm

cJzh ;l olawGu ajymjy-uygw,f?
'DvdkvufwpfvHk;jcm; vkyfxm;wmudk od
-uwma-umifh xdik ;f vkyif ef;&Siaf wGu ,m,Dywfpyd@k ukd
odr;f xm;_y;D tEdik u
f siahf ewm jzpfw,fv@kd tvkyo
f rm;
awGu ajymygw,f?
jrefrmtpd;k &eJ@ xdik ;f tpd;k &wd@k [m ,m,D
ywfpydk@eJ@ ywfoufwJh jy\emawGudk wpfckrS 0if&Sif;
vif;wm r&Sw
d ma-umifh wpfae@xuf wpfae@ ydrk q
kd ;kd 0g;
vmaew,fvdk@ tvkyform;ta&; aqmif&GufolawG
u ajym-uygw,f? jrefrmtpdk;& taeeJ@ rw&m;zdESdyf
cHae&wJh jrefrma&$@ajymif; tvkyo
f rm;udpP wpfcw
k pf
avavmuf xdxad &mufa&muf 0ifa&mufajymqdk vkyf
udik w
f m ar;jref;pHpk rf;wmrsm; vkyv
f mcJ&h ifawmh xdik ;f
tm%mydkifawG 'Davmuftxd vuf&JZuf&J zdESdyfrSm
r[kwb
f ;l vd@k ,lqae-ua-umif;yg?
ausmfaomif;

oif , H k - unf & onf h owif ; *sme,f

twG J = 1/ trS w f = 1

pmrsuf E S m =4

ykord f v,form;rsm; 0efBu;D &H;k odUk cswD uf

tvkyform;*sme,f

ndKxGef;eJY bdk;vGef;
aqG;aEG;cef;
tyk y f e H @ xG u f a eaom v$ w f a wmf

yk o d r f c &d k i f / zk e f ; armf } ud K if & G m rS v,f r sm; tod r f ; cH & _yD ; aemuf yk Z G e f u ef r sm; jzpf o G m yH k "gwf y H k = HRWDN
puf w if b m=15=2011 Zmenf r mef {&m0wD o wif ;

ykodrfc&dkif aiGaqmif_rKd@e,f ywf0ef;usif&Gmrsm;rS

v,form; 150 ausmo
f nf todr;f cHxm;&aom ajr
{u 2000 ta&; !SdE+dif;r+ &&eftwGuf xdkae@ eHeuf
ydkif;u {&m0wDwdkif; tpdk;&tzGJ@0ef}uD;&Hk;odk@ pDwef;
vrf;av#muf awmif;qdck ahJ -umif; owif;&&So
d nf?
vkyfief;&Sifrsm;ESifh ppfwyfu oZif&Gmr/
*sKdifv,f/ r#ifwdk;/ zkef;armif}udKif ponfh aus;&Gm
tkyfpkwdk@rS v,f/ ,m/ O,smOf_cHajrrsm;udk odrf;qnf;
_yD; aemufydkif; tvkyfvufrJhjzpfoGm;onfh if;wdk@.
tcuftcJrsm; ajz&Sif;ay;&ef a&;om; awmif;qdkxm;
aom pmudk 0ef}uD;&Hk;odk@ ay;tyfcJhonf[k qdkonf?
wdkif;0ef}uD;csKyf OD;odef;atmifu aumif;aumif;
rGefrGefygyJ? vlcsif;ac:awG@_yD; 3 &uftwGif; uGif;qif;
ppfaq;ay;yghr,f/ ajyvnfatmif taumif;qHk;jzpf
atmif !SdEd+if;ajz&Sif;ay;yghr,fvdk@yJ ajymw,f/ jyef&
rvm;/ av#mfa-u;ay;rvm;uawmh olwdk@ b,fvdk

vkyfay;rvJqdkwm apmifh-unfh&rSmayhg[k zkef;armf

}udKif&GmrS v,fydkif&SifwpfOD;u ajymonf?
2000 jynfhESpfaemif;ydkif;wGif ,kZeukr`%Du
xd k a 'orS v,f a jrrsm; od r f ; qnf ; cJ h _ yD ; / umv
aygufaps;xuf vGefpGmenf;yg;aom aiGudkom av#mf
a-u;tjzpf ay;cJhonf[k qdkonf?
tJ@'Dwkef;u pufeJ@xdk;ypfr,f bmnmeJ@ _cdrf;
ajcmuf armif;xkwaf wmh a-umufwma&m/ em;rvnf
wma&meJ@ olwdk@ay;ovdkyJ ,lcJhwm? v,fawGawmh
jyef vdck siw
f mayg?h 'gayr,fh olw@kd u ig;uef/ ykZeG u
f ef
}uD;awG wl;xm;awmh b,fvdkvkyf&rvJ rodbl;[k
v,fyikd &f iS u
f ajymonf?
2006 ckEpS w
f iG f trSw(f 1)ava-umif;&ef
umuG,af &;wyfu oZifarSm&f mG rS a'ocH 25 OD;wd@k .
_cHajr{u 100 ausmfudk odrf;vdkufonf[k _cHydkif&Sif
rsm;u qdkonf?

pyg;cif;rsm;wGif usa&mufonfh c&krsKd;pdwo

f pf zsufq;D rI
avQmhenf;vm

a&$a&mifc&kESifh if;.Orsm;
puf w if b m 19=2011=rif ; awmf v 0D / rG e f o wif ; at*sif p D

rGefjynfe,f/ acsmif;qHk_rdK@e,f&Sd pyg;cif;rsm;wGif

vGefcJhonfh vydkif;Y c&krsKd;pdwfopfwpfrsKd; usa&muf
zsufqD;r+ us,fus,fjyef@jyef@ jzpfyGg;cJh_yD;aemuf ,ck
tcgrSm pyg;yifrsm;. tajctaerSm }uD;&ifh vmaom
a-umifh ysufpD;r+ tajctae enf;yg;vm_yD[k a'ocH
v,form;rsm;xHrS od&onf?
ysKd;cif;/ pdkufcif;opf/ tyif&GufEkcsdefrSm tysuf
rsm;cJhw,f/ v,fajrjyKjyifcsdefrSmvnf;jzpf jrufvnf;
r&Sdawmh 'Dc&kawGu pyg;cif;ajymif;pdkufp tyifyGm;
tEkawGukd pm;aeawmh pyg;&moD tapmydik ;f rSm awmf
awmf y suf p D ; oG m ;&w,f [k c&k z suf q D ; cH & aom
ewfarSmf&GmrS v,f&SifwpfOD;u ajymonf?
v,form;rsm;onf v,fvkyfief;.tp ta&;
}uD;qHk; ysKd;yif&Sifoef}uD;xGm;a&;twGuf tav;ay;
aqmif&Gufaeonfh -um;u rsufajcjywfoGm;wm
a-umifhvnf; ysKd;cif;wpfcif;vHk; ysufpD;oGm;onf[k
ysKd;cif;tzsufcH&onfh acsmif;qHk_rdK@rS v,form;
wpfOD;u ajymonf?

a&$a&mifc&k trsKd;tpm;rsm;

ewfarSmf acsmif;qHkum;vrf;taemuf a&eufuGif;

rSm pdu
k zf @kd ysK;d cif;apmapmaxmifvu
kd w
f m ysK;d cif;uGuf
wpf{ueD;yg; ntcgrSm c&kudkufvdkufwm tm;vHk;
ukefoGm;w,f/ pdkufcif; 6 {updkufzdk@ ysKd;cif;ukefoGm;
awmh ysK;d yifvu
kd 0f ,f&w,f[k txufyg v,form;
u ajymonf?
if;tzsufqD;cHvdkuf&onfh ysKd;cif;wpfuGufwGif
ydk;owfaq;/ xHk;/ qm;jzifh wpfrsKd;rsKd;jzifh ESdrfeif;vdkuf
a*:ydkuf &ifwGef;
aomtcg c&k rsm;aoausomG ;_yD; a*:yd
jzifh pkaqmif;vdu
k o
f nft
h cg "gwaf jr-oZm oH;k av;tdyf
cef@ pkaqmif;&rdonf [k if;v,form;u ajymonf?

tqdkygc&konf acsmif;qHk_rdK@e,f&Sd aus;&Gmtkyfpk

trsm;tjym;wGif usa&mufcJh_yD; txl;ojzifh a&csKd
a&iefpyfv,fajr/ a&csKdv,fajrrsm; wnf&Sdonfh
jrpf0ESifh yifv,fpyf&Sd v,fajrrsm;wGif usa&mufr+
rsm;jym;onf[k od&onf?

uav;tdrfaz:udk ESdyfpuf SOf;yef;oltm; zrf;qD;ta&;,l

puf w if b m 11=2011=vG w f v yf o nf h tm&S t oH

td r f a z:tjzpf t vk y f v k y f u d k i f p Of
td r f & S i f r S r suf E S m ES i f h vuf a rmif ; ud k ',f t d k ; yl E S i f h
tuyf c H x m;&onf h uav;tvk y f o rm; rod * a qG
("gwf y H k = AFP))

touf 11 ESpft&G,f rdef;uav;i,f

wpfOD;udk uav;tvkyform; tdrfaptjzpf cdkif;ap
&mrSm trsKd;rsKd; ESdyfpuf!SOf;yef;wJhtwGuf tdrf&Sif
jzpfou
l kd &efuek f wdik ;f r*FvmawmifneG @f _rKd @e,f &Jpcef;u
zrf;qD;xm; w,fv@kd pHpk rf;od&ygw,f?
yef;waemf_rdK@e,f ukvm;pkaus;&Gmae
OD;vSoef;&J@orD;/ touf 11ESpft&G,f rod*aqG[m/
rdbawG qif;&JEGrf;yg;wJhtwGuf vGefcJhwJh 2 vausmf
avmufu p_y;D r*Fvmawmif!eG @f _rKd @e,f/ (126)vrf;ae
a':eDev
D KdS if&@J aetdrrf mS tdraf z:tjzpf vkyu
f ikd cf &hJ mrSm
ae@pOf ae@wdkif; t&G,feJ@rr#atmif tvkyfcdkif;apcH

2011=ck E S p f / atmuf w d k b mvwG i f pwif x k w f a 0onf

!dkxGef; ? ? awmuf awmfawmf&ufpufwJh aumif

awGyJ vlpdwfr&SdwJh aumifawG vlvdrfawG jynfol@csOf
zwfawG jynfol@ tefzwfxJrSm yufvufar#maewJh
aumifawG?
bdk;vGef; ? ? [ !dKxGe;f & bmawG rausreyf jzpfae
wmvJuG/
xGef; ?
? 'D&ufpufwJh tm%m&SifawG vlpdwfr&Sd
wJh aumifawG ta-umif;awG;&if; usaemf awmfawmf
cHjyif;pdwf jzpfvmwmeJ@ a&&Gwaf ewmyg OD;av;&m?
vGef; ?
? [ armif!x
kd eG ;f u awmfawmf tqd;k jrif
wwfwmyJ enf;enf;av;vJ taumif;bufu vSnhf
_yD;jrifwwf awG;wwfatmif tavhtusifhav; vkyf
xm;prf;ygt;kH ? tckq&kd if a&G;aumufyaJG wG bmawGvyk f
_y;D v$waf wmfawG bmawG ay:vm_y;D orRw}u;D eJ@ a':pk
awG@-u_yD 'gawG[m tjyKoabmaqmifwJh tajymif;
tvJawG r[kwb
f ;l vm; armifnKd xGe;f &?
xGef; ?
? usaemfvnf; taumif;bufu vSnfh
awG;zd@k t_rpJ Of;pm;wmyJ OD;av;vGe;f & 'gayr,fh wpfpuf
rf rS awG@b;l ? OD;av;ajymwJh a&G;aumufyJG uvnf; ajAmif
vdrfajAmifnm vkyfoGm;wm [pfwvmu emZDygwD
tm%&zdk@vkyfwmxufawmif qdk;ao;w,f? a&G;
aumufyGJwkef;uvnf; ukvor*~eJ@ EdkifiHwum tzGJ@
tpnf;awGu apmifh-unfhavhvma&; tzJG@awG vGwf
ay;r,f qdkwmvnf; vufrcHcJhbl; rJawG vdrfcsifo
vdkvdrf nmcsifovdknm oGm;-uwm wpfurBmvHk;u
todyJav? &SufwwfwJh olawGqdk&if jynfolawGudk
nmjzef ; _yD ; ae&m,l r d w m
&Suv
f eG ;f vd@k ae&mwif yGcJ si;f _y;D
vJaoavmufw,f? 'gayr,fh
&Suf}udK;jywf_yD; rsufESmudk oH
r%d tzHk;pGyf xm;um t&Gwf
wufaewJh vlwpfpk uawmh
ajAmifvdrf ajAmifnm&wm &dk;
ae_yD OD;av;&? 'gu bmudk jy
ovJq&kd if 'Da&G;aumufyJG [m
abmvHk;yGJrSm 'dkifrygyJ uef
wJyh v
JG kd yG-J unfyh &dwo
f wfr&Syd J
acsmufuyfuyf uefoGm;wJh
abmyGJwpfyGJvdk usaemfh &ifxJ
rSm cHpm;&wm trSefyJ OD;av;
&m? aemuf_yD; v$wfawmf t
rwfawG qdkwm 75 &mcdkifE+ef;
u tm%m&Sif&J@ a'gufwdkif
awG vufa0cHawG a0pm;r#pm;
vl&rf;um;awGu ae&m0if,l
aeawmh v$wfawmfqdkwm awmfawmf-uufoa&
,kww
f hJ ae&mvd@k awmif usaemf&h ifxrJ mS cHpm;&w,fAsm?
vGef; ?
? [ armifxeG ;f &m/ 25 &mcdik Ef e+ ;f yJ ppfom;
awG ygwmygumG ppfAv
kd w
f pfrwfom; vd@k awmif jynfy
owif;XmeawGu qdk-uw,f r[kwfvm; armif&?
usefwmawGu jynfol@ udk,fpm; vS,f tppfawGyg?
xGef; ?
? Asm Asm jynfo@l u,
kd pf m;vSnf tppfawG
[m; [m; [m; &,fcsifvdkufwm OD;av;vGef;&m?
&Sif;&Sif;ajym&&if }uHzGwfawGudk usaemfuawmh jynf
ol@udk,fpm;vS,fvdk@ rowfrSwfEdkifbl;Asm? 'DvlawGu
'DyJ,if;eJ@ a&$0ga&mifrSm vlowf w&m;cHawGAs? tJ'D
w&m;cHawGu 50 &mcdkifE+ef; ppfAdkvfawGu 25 &m
cdkifE+ef;qdkawmh olwdk@ tm%m&Siftkyfpku 75 &mcdkif
E+e;f qdw
k m [kww
f ,faemf OD;av;vGe;f ? aemuf a&a&m
xm;wJh v$wfawmftrwfu 25 &mcdkifE+ef; qdkawmh
wu,fh jynfolv$wfawmf tppf r[kwfbl; qkdwm
ig;cH k ; r
OD ; av;vG e f ; vuf c H w ,f r[k w f v m;? ig;cH
wpf a umif a -umif h / wpf a vS v H k ; yk y f qdkwJh qdk&dk;
pum;[m wpfaumifwnf; ykyfwmawmif avSwpf
pif;vH;k tukeyf yk af pmfeu
H ek w
f ,fw?hJ tif; 75 &mcdik Ef e+ ;f
ykyw
f hJ v$waf wmfuawmh tukeyf yk f wpfEikd if v
H ;kH ykyv
f @kd
ESmacgi;f awmif rzGi&hf aJ tmif ygyAJ sm? usaemf qdv
k w
kd mu
&wJt
h jyif }udrv
f ;kH / oHyu
kd v
f ;kH pwmawGe@J &du
k Ef u
S w
f m
vnf; cH&w,fv@kd qdyk gw,f? olEydS pf ufccH &hJ yHu
k kd rod*F
aqGu tckvkd ajymjyygw,f?
}udrfvHk;eJ@&dkuf&if }udrfvHk;u c%c%
a-uoGm;w,f/ 0,f&wmvnf; ydkufqHukefw,fwJh?
tJh'Dawmh ol@tdrfrSm&SdwJh oHydkufvHk;eJ@ acgif;udkacguf
w,f ? ajcaxmuf a wG / ausmuk e f ; awG u d k v nf ;
&dkufw,f? bmtjypfrSr&Sdvnf; pdwfrxif&if thJ'DvdkyJ
&dkufw,f?

v$waf wmfxrJ mS tm%m&Sif &mZ0wfaumifawG vlq;kd /

vlrdkuf/ vlnpf/ vlvdrf }uHhzGwfawG ygaeor# umv
ywfvHk; tJ'Dv$wfawmf[m t_rJ tykyfeH@xGufae
r,fqw
kd m usaemf &J&J ajym&Jw,fAsm? -unhaf v v$wf
awmfxJrSm jynfol@ta&;wdk@ _idrf;csrf;a&;wdk@ aqG;aEG;
&if th'J D vlru
kd t
f yk pf u
k t_rJ uef@uu
G af ewm txif
t&Sm;yJav? usaemfuawmh tm%m&SifawG&J@ 'Drdku
a&pD oGm;aeyg_yD 'Dru
kd a&pD vrf;a-umif;ay:udk av#muf
vS r f ; aeyg_yD qd k w m ol c d k ; u vl [ pf / igh p um;
EGm;& 0g=jzef;_yD; vdrfzdk@nmzdk@ oufoufyJvdk@ xif
w,fAsm?
'Drdkua&pDqdkwm
1? vG w f v yf p G m pnf ; &H k ; cG i f h
2? vG w f v yf p G m ajymqk d c G i f h
3? vG w f v yf p G m a&;om;cG i f h
tJ'D oHk;ckvHk; vHk;0rawG@ &ao;wmawmh trSefyJ
OD;av;&? Oyrm jynfolawGudk 'Drdkua&pD&J@ tESpf
om&jzpfwhJ vGwv
f yfpmG pnf;&H;k qENjycGihf r&-uao;bl;/
qENrjy&J-uao;bl;Asm? qENjy&ifvnf; csufcsif;vm
zrf;rSm taotcsmyJ? jynfolawG[m olwdk@ atmifh
xm; &wJh qENawG az:xkwcf siaf ewm ESpaf ygi;f reJawmh
bl; qdkwm OD;av;odygw,f? vGwfvyf pGmajymqdkcGifh
a&;om;cGifh qdkwmvnf; a0vma0;yJ? owif;orm;
awG&J@ a&;om;csufudk qifqm"g;reJ@ t_rJckwfjzwfae
wm ESpaf ygi;f renf;awmhb;l OD;av;&?

vGef; ?
? 'ge@J a':pke@J OD;atmif-unfawG@ _yD;awm
orRw}uD;eJ@ awG@wJh udpPa&m taumif;buf OD;wnf
aew,f r[kwfvm;?
xGef; ?
? 'guawmh OD;av;&m 1992 ckESpf Adkvf
oef;a&$}u;D wufvmawmh a':pke@J awG@_y;D vlxak xmuf
cHr+ &atmif}udK;yrf;cJhw,f r[kwfvm;? aemufawmh
vnf; Adv
k o
f ef;a&$[m cg;cg;oD;oD; rke;f wwf_yD; 'Dy,
J if;
rSm taoowfz@kd awmif }udK;pm;cJw
h ,fav? tckvnf;
Adv
k o
f ed ;f pdev
f nf; vlxak xmufcrH + &atmif tmqD,H
rH mS OuUX vky&f atmif vSnu
hf u
G f jyuGuaf v; wpfcv
k yk f
jywmaum rjzpfEikd b
f ;l vm;?
2007 a&$0ga&mifwkef;u oHCmawGudk
owf tpkvu
kd f t_yHKvdu
k zf rf; axmifawGcsawmh Edik if H
wumzdtm;awG t&rf;rsm;vmw,fav? tJ'gudk
av#mhcszdk@twGuf Adkvfatmif-unfudk toHk;cs_yD;
qufqaH &;0ef}uD;qdu
k m cef@cw
hJ m tm;vH;k todygAsm?
usaemfwdk@ owdxm;&r,fh tcsufu aemufrSmt_rJ
usm; uGufa&$@aewJh Adkvfoef;a&$ &Sdaew,fqdkwm
rarhoifh bl;? wu,fawmh Adv
k o
f ed ;f pde[
f m Adv
k o
f ef;a&$
}udK;qGJ&m uae&&SmwJh &kyfao;&kyfuav;yg? usaemf
wdk@[m Adkvfoef;a&$&J@ &ufpufwJh vSnfhuGuf xJrSm
t}udrf}udrf tvSnfhpm; cHcJh&zl;w,fqdkwm rarhoifh
tckvqef;ydik ;f uawmh rod*a qGukd cdik ;f ap
&if;uae tvdkruswJhtwGuf "gwfaiG@rD;zdkay:uae
csxm;wJh ',ftdk;yleJ@ rsufESmeJ@vufarmif;udk uyf_yD;
tjypfay;cJh w,fv@kd ajymygw,f?
orD;xHtvnfvmwJh zcifjzpfol OD;vS
oef;eJ@ tr+dufypf&if; awG@qHk&mrSm tusKd;ta-umif;
ajymjywJhtwGuf _rdK@e,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; tultnDeJ@
&Jpcef;udk wdik -f um;&mrSm wdik cf sut
f rSw=f 525^2011

bl;? 2002 ckESpf wkef;u pmrsufESmtopf zGifhvdkuf_yD

qdk_yD; a':pkudk v$wfay;vdkufw,f? aemuf wpfESpf
-umwJt
h cg &du
k o
f wfz@kd }udK;pm;cJw
h ,f? 2007 ckEpS rf mS
axmifeJ@ aomif;eJ@ csD&SdwJh oHCmawGudk twkawGyg
qdk_yD; wbufu jynfolawGudk vdrfnm wpfbufu
oHCmawGudk taoypfowfcJhw,f? _yD;awmh axmif
aygif;rsm;pGmaom oHCmawGudk tusOf;axmifawG
xJxnfh !Sif;yef;ESdyfpufcJhw,f? 'Dae@txd &ufpufr+
taygif;awGudk o&zlaqmif;cJhwJh Zmwfq&m armif
oef;a&$[m Adv
k o
f ed ;f pdeu
f kd aemufu,
G u
f }uKd ;udik x
f m;
w,fqw
kd m rarhoifb
h ;l As? usaemfw@kd jynfoal wG[m
t}udrf}udrf/ tcgcg tvdrfcH& tnm cH&wJh twGuf
rdat; ESpcf gem&Hw
k if ruawmhb;l t}urd }f urd f emae&_yD
OD;av;vGe;f &?
vGef; ?
? armifxGef;ajymwmvnf; [kwfawmh
[kwfygw,f? 'gayr,fh OD;vnf; tcktouf t&G,f
awmfawmf &vm_yD? 'd@k jrefrmjynf}uD;vnf; b,fawmh
rsm; _idr;f csr;f wJh 'Dru
kd a&pDEikd if }H uD; jzpfygrh vJ igtouf
&Siaf ewke;f jrifawG@omG ;&ygt;kH rvm;vd@k awG;rd&if; 0rf;
enf;rdw,f armifxeG ;f &m?
xGef; ?
? usaemfvnf; 'Drdkua&pDta&; }udK;yrf;
&if; toufpGef@oGm;wJh vlawG 'Drdkua&pDudk wrf;w
&if; toufukefoGm;wJh vlawGta-umif; -um;rd&if
'Dae@txd 'Drdkua&pD&J@teHudk r&+&ao;wJhtwGuf
awmfawmf pdwx
f cd u
kd rf w
d ,fAsm? 'ge@J pum;rpyf tJ'hD
t&mtm;vHk;xuf usaemf pdwftxdcdkufqHk;jzpf&wm
uawmh v$ w f a wmf u
vnf; twnf rjyK&ao; yJ
,-wmacswhJ taeeJ@ 2010
atmufwb
kd mv21 &uf rSm
topfwifvdkufwJh tvH
opfudkjrifwdkif; awmfawmf
0rf;enf;a-uuGJrdw,f OD;
av;&m? usaemf@ pdwf xJrmS
-unfh&wm -uufoa&udk
r&Sdbl; rJGajcmufajcmufeJ@?
usaemf aemufwpfck yHk&dyf
wpfcv
k kd cHpm; &wmu th'J D
tvH[m wdkifxdyfay:rSm
0rf;enf; yufvufjzpf_yD;
a-uuGJ0rf;enf;aewJh vif
ao_yD;p olawmif;pm;r&J@
rsuEf mS rsK;d aemuf_y;D jzL zwf
jzLa&mfeJ@ aoG;r&SdwJh aotHh
qJqJ vlem&J@ rsuEf mS rsK;d vd@k
usaemf cHpm;rdw,f? usaemf 'DtvHujkd rifwikd ;f 0rf;enf;
rdw,f/ pdwx
f cd u
kd rf w
d ,f? Edik if w
H pfct
k wGuf tvH[m
wHceG yf J odyt
f a&;}u;D w,f? tckawmh tvHyg "g;jywdu
k f
cHae&wJh wdkif;jynfygvm;vdk@ awG;rdw,f? usaemf
'D t vH } uD ; ud k b,f e nf ; eJ @ rS *k % f r ,l E d k i f b l ; Asm?
aemufxyf qdk;wmu urBmay:rSm tqif;&JqHk;EdkifiH
jzpfwJh tDoD,dk;yD;,m; tvHeJ@ ta&miftaoG;a&m
yHkefyg wlaeawmh a-omf igwdk@EdkifiHudkvnf; tDoD,dk;
yD;,m;vdk urBmay:rSm tqif;&JqHk; EdkifiHwpfckjzpf
atmif wGef;ydk@aewJh tm%m&Sif ppftkyfpkygvm;vdk@
awG;rdwikd ;f rsu&f nfusrwwf cHpm;&w,f OD;av;vGe;f
&m? usaemf tckajym&if;awmif qdk@vm_yD? 'Dae@awmh
awmf_yDAsm usaemf pum;quf rajymcsifawmhbl;
qufajym&ifvnf; ido
k yH g}uD;eJ@ jzpfaevdrrhf ,f? aemuf
wpfywfusrS quf-ur,f OD;av;&m?
Y Y Y Y Y usaemfvnf; rodrom wpfzufudkvSnfh_yD;
rsuf & nf o k w f a epOf
OD ; av;vG e f ; vnf ;
acgif ; id k u f p d k u f c sum 0rf ; enf ; yuf v uf xG u f c G g
oG m ;avawmh o nf ?

armifndKxGef;
t& yk'fr (326)eJ@ tr+zGifh ta&;,lxm;w,fvdk@
od&ygw,f?
RFAu vufcH&&SdwJh "gwfyHkawGt& rod*aqG[m
nmbufyg;jyifeJ@ nmbufvufarmif;rSm rD;avmifzk
'%f&mawG &SdaewJhtjyif ajcawGvufawGrSmvnf;
'%f&m'%fcsufawG &Sdaewmudk awG@&ygw,f?
?

oif , H k - unf & onf h owif ; *sme,f

pmrsuf E S m =9

twG J = 1/ trS w f = 1

pmrsuf E S m =9

tvkyof rm;*sme,f

tvkyform; umuG,fa&; tufOya' ? bdtD; 2541 (1998)

tvk y f o rm;t"d y ` g ,f
a&$ @ ajymif ; tvk y f o rm;qd k o nf r S m
Edik if w
H pfEikd if rH S wpfEikd if o
H kd jh zwfausmf 0if
a&mufjyD; 0ifaiGvm&Smolrsm;udk a&$@ajymif; tvkyf
orm; [k ac:onf//
tvk y f o rm;qd k o nf r S m
vkyftm;c&&Sdaom vkyfief;cGiftwGif;
tvkyf iSg;&rf;jcif;cH&rnfhol/ iSg;&rf;jyD; tvkyf&Siftm;
tvkyf_yD; ajrmufrSKtwGuf em&Dtvdkuf/ ykwfjywf
tvdu
k f ponfjzifh tca-u;aiGu,
kd _l yD; vkyaf qmifay;
olukd tvkyform;[k ac:onf//
vkyftm;cqdkonfrSm
tvkyf&SiftwGuf tvkyfvkyfay;ojzifh
tvkyf&SifrSay;aom aiGa-u;udkac:onf// em&Dpm;/
ae@pm;/ vcpm;/ txnfaumuf/ 'gZifpm; vkycf ikd ;f jcif;
a-umifh tvkyf&SifrS vkyftm;ctpm; qef/ [if;oD;
[if;&Gu/f t0wftpm;rsm;udk ay;Ir&yg//
yk'fr]5
xdkif;EkdifiHtvkyform;umuG,fa&;tufOya'rsm;
xdik ;f Edik if o
H m;tvkyo
f rm;rsm;/ a&$@ajymif;
tvkyform;rsm; usm;/ r ra&G; tm;vHk; tuH;0if
ygonf? jrefrmtvkyform;rsm;twGuf Oya'tcsKd@
udk aumufEkwfwifjyygonf? if;wdk@rSm xdkif;EdkifiH
twGi;f tvkyo
f rm; Oya' (4) rsK;d &Syd gonf// xdk Oya'
rsm;udk r[m*&k%marwWm}uD;rm;aom xdkif;EdkifiH
bk&if rif;jrwf}u;D u vufrw
S x
f ;kd xkwjf yefxm;jcif; jzpf
onf// if; Oya'rsm;rSm
bDt;D 2541 tvkyo
f rm; umuG,af &;Oya'
bDtD; 2518 tvkyform; qufpyfa&;Oya'
bDt;D 2533 vlrz+ v
l akH &; Oya'
bDt;D 2537 avsmaf -u;Oya'wk@d jzpfonf// tvkyf
orm; 10 OD;xufydkonfhvkyfief;rsm;wGif vdkufem&ef
jzpfygonf?
bDtD; 2541 tvkyform;umuG,fa&;Oya'
tyd k ' f (23)
wpfae@wmtvkyfponfhtcsdefrS tvkyfqif;onfh
tcsdefxd &Sif;vif;pGm xnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;onfh ykHrSef
tvkyfcsdefESifhywfoufaom owif;tcsuf tvuf
rsm;tm; tvkyform;rsm;twGuf tvkyf&SifrS xkwf
jyefa-umfjim ay;&rnfjzpfonf//
if ; wpf a e@wmtvk y f q if ; csd e f r S m
wpfae@v#if (8)em&D/ wywffv#if (48)em&Dxuf rydk
aomtvkyfcsdefjzpf&rnf? odk@aomfvnf; 0ef}uD;Xme
pnf;urf; Oya'rsm;twGif; jyXmef;xm;onfh twdkif;
tvkyform;. usef;rma&;eSifh vHkcHa&;udk xdcdkufap
Edkifaom tvkyfrsm;wGif wpfae@wm tvkyfcsdefonf
(7)em&D/ wwpfywfv#if (42)em&D xufrydak p&?
tu,fI tvkyf.oabmobm0t& tvkyf
&Sirf S tvkypf onft
h csed Ef iS hf tvkyq
f if;onft
h csed u
f kd
wdusaocsmpGm owfrw
S af y;xm;jcif; ryvkyEf ikd yf gu
tvkyf&SifESifhtvkyform;t-um; wpfae@wm tvkyf
qif;csdeftm; oabmwlnDr+wpfck &,lEdkifaomfvnf;
,if;wpfae@wmtvkyfcsdefrSm wpf&ufv#if (8) em&D/
wpfywfvsiS f (48) em&Dxuf rydak p&?
tem;,lcsdef
tydk'f(27)
wpfae@wm tvkyfvkyf&uftwGif; tvkyform;rS
tvkyfvkyfcsdef (4) em&Dqufwdkuf vkyfudkif_yD;wdkif; t
vkyf&SifrSvkyform;tm; tem;,lcsdef wpfem&Dxuf
renf; ay;xm;&rnf?
6 &uf t vk y f q if ; _yD ; wd k i f ; 1 &uf e m;&rnf ?
tydk'f(28)
tvkyf&Siftaejzifh wpfywfv#if tenf;qHk;
wpf&ufudk tywfpOftvkyfydwf&uftjzpf tvkyf
orm;tm; ay;oifh_yD; if;tywfpOf tvkkyfydwf&uf
wpf&ufESifh wpf&uf t-um;tcsdefonf (6)&ufxuf
rydkap&? tywfpOf tvkyfydwf&uftm; tvkyf&SifESifh
tvkyform; t-um;wGif udwif!SdEdkif; oabmwl
aumif; wlxm;Edkifonf?
[dkw,fvkyfief;/ vrf;yrf;qufoG,fa&; vkyfief;/
opfawmXmevkyif ef; (od@k ) vloal 0;vHaom ae&mrsm;Y
vky&f aomtvkyf (od@k ) 0ef}u;D Xme pnf;urf;Oya' rsm;
twGif; az: jyxm;onfh tjcm;aom tvkyfrsm;wGif
tvkyf&SifESif@ tvkyform;rS tywfpOf tvkyfydwf
&uftm; yHkrSefr,lbJ aemufrSaygif;pk,l&ef udwif
vufcHI oabmwlEdkifonf? odk@aomf ,if; aygif;pk
,lonfh tywfpOftvkyfydwf&uftm; tvkyfqif;
onfh &ufowWywf (4)ywft_yD;wGif ,lap&rnf?
tydk'f (29)
tvkyform;rsm;twGuf owif;tcsuf tvuft
aejzifh 0ef}u;D rSjyXmef;xm;onfh Edik if aH wmf tvkyo
f rm;
ae@ tygt0if ESpfpOf&dk;&m tvkyfydwf&ufrsm; az: jy
xkwjf yefxm;onft
h euf tenf;qH;k eSppf Of tvkyyf w
d f
&uf (13) &ufukd udwifxw
k jf yefay;&r nf?
tvkyf&SiftaeESifh ESpfpOftpdk;&rS xkwfjyefjyXmef;
xm;onfh bmoma&; (od@k ) a'oqdik &f m&d;k &m"avhrsm;
ESifhywfoufonfh tvkyfydwf&ufrsm;twdkif; dk;&m

oif , H k - unf & onf h owif ; *sme,f

tvkyfydwf&ufrsm;udk !dSEd+if;csrSwfoifhonf?
tu,fI tvkyform;rsm;&avh&xdkuf&Sdonfh t
vkyyf w
d &f ufEiS hf &d;k &mtm;vyf&ufw@kd wdu
k q
f ikd af eygu
tvkyo
f rm;taeESihf ,if;tvkyyf w
d &f uft_yD; a&muf
&Sv
d mrnfh tvkyv
f yk &f uftm; tvkyt
f m;vyf&uf t
jzpf tpm;xdk;,lydkifcGifh&Sdonf? tvkyf&SifrS tvkyfydwf
&uftwGif; vkyfonfhvkyftm;cudk ay;&rnf?
tydk'f(32)
tvkyform;wpfOD;taeESifh trSefwu,f aexdkif
raumif;jzpfco
hJ nf&adS omf aexdik rf aumif;I tvkyrf
qif;onfh a&SmifwcifcGifhudk &ydkifcGihf&Sdonf? tvkyfo
rm;rS if;a&SmifwcifciG hf ,l&mwGif (3) &ufEiS hf (3) &uf
xufyI
kd cGi,
hf cl o
hJ nf&adS omf tvky&f iS t
f m; yxrwef;
pm; q&m0efxHrSif; (odk@) tpdk;&aq; cef;wckrS if;
xkwaf y;onfah q;vufrw
S t
f m; tvkyo
f rm;rS aeI
wifjy&rnf? yxrwef;pm;q&m0ef (od@k ) tpd;k & aq;cef;rS
aq;vufrSwftm; wifjyEdkifjcif; r&SdcJhv#if t vkyf&Sif
tm; tjcm;cdik v
f akH om &Si;f vif;csuf ay;&rnf?
tykd'f(56)
atmufaz: jyyg tvkyyf w
d &f ufrsm;wGif tvkyo
f rm;
tm; yHrk eS t
f vkyv
f yk &f ufEiS w
fh n
l aD om vkycf a-u;aiGukd
ay;&rnf? if;w@rkd mS
(1)ae@pOfvyk cf (ae@pm;)vkyo
f t
l vkyo
f rm;/ em&D
ydkif;jzifhvkyfoltvkyform; (odk@)tvkyf_yD;
ajrmufonfh taetxm; ta&twGufay:
rlwnfI vkycf a-u;aiG&&So
d nfh tvkyo
f rm;rS
vGJI tywfpOftvkyfydwf&uf?
(2)&dk;&m"avhxHk;wrf;t& ydwfaom tvkyf
ydwf &uf?
(3) ESppf Oftvkyef m;&uf ponfw@kd wiG f tvky&f iS rf S
tvkyo
f rm;tm; yHrk eS t
f vkyv
f yk &f ufEiS hf wlnD
onfh vkycf a-u;aiGukd ay;acs&rnf?
tydkif; (57)
tydk'f (32) twGif; azmfjyyg&Sdonfh twdkif; tvkyf
orm;rS usef;rma&;twGuf a&Smifwcif aq;cGifh,l
onfh &ufrsm;wGif tvky&f iS t
f aejzifh yHrk eS t
f vkyf vkyf
&ufrsm;wGifay;onfh vkyfca-u;aiGESifh wlaom vkyfc
a-u;aiGukd a&Smifwcif q;cGifh ,lxm;onhf umv wpf
av#mufvHk; ay;&rnf jzpfaomfvnf; if;a&Smif wcif
aq;cGio
hf nf wpfEpS v
f #i&f uf (30)xuf rydak p&?
tu,f I tyd k ' f 3 3 atmuf w G i f azmf j yyg&S d
onft
h wdik ;f tvkyo
f rm;rS om;a-umjzwf&eftwGuf
a&SmifwcifcGifh,lrnfqdkygu tvkyf&Siftaejzifh if;
a&Smifwcif cGifh&uftwGif; tvkyform;tm; vkyfc
a-u;aiG ay;&rnf?
om;zGm;cGifhESifh tusKd;cHpm;cGifh
xdkif;EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&rS 2006 ck Zefe0g&Dv wGif
a&$ @ ajymif ; vk y f o m;rsm;ud k atmuf a zmf j yyg
cHpm;cGifh&Sdap&ef twnfyygonf? &ufaygif; (90)
cHpm;cGi&hf o
dS nf? vpmudk (45) &ufpm cH pm;cGi&hf o
dS nf?
tydk'f(59)
om;zGm;rD;,yfy&rnfh tvkyform;wOD;tm;
tvkyf&SifrS yHkrSefay;aeonfh vpmtwdkif;yif arG;zGm;
jcif;twGuf ,lxm;onfh cGifhumv wpfav#mufvHk;
ay;&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; ,if;cGi&hf ufrmS 45 &ufxuf
rydkap&?
tydk'f(63)
tu,fI tvkyf&Sifonf 4if;tvkyform;tm;
tvkyfydwf&ufrsm;ay:wGif tcsdefydktvkyfqif; apvdk
ygu 4if;tvkyform;twGuf tvkyfvkyfonfh ae@.
em&Dydkif;t& &avh&Sdonfh yHkrSefvkyfctjyif tenf;qHk;
oH;k qxufrenf;aomtydv
k yk cf a-u;aiGukd xyfaygi;f
I ay;&rnf? (od@k )_yD;ajrmufonfh tvkyt
f ay: rlwnf
I vkyfc&ol tvkyform;twGuf yHkrSef&aeus vkyfc
. oHk;qxuf renf;aom tydk vkyftm;ca-u;aiG
udk tvkyf&SifrS xyfaygif;Iay;&rnf?
vkyfief;cGiftwGif; usef;rma&;ESifh
ab;uif;vHkjcHKrItwGuf
trsKd;orD;tvkyform;rsm;ESifh uav;tvkyf o
rm;rsm;twGuf tE &W m,f&adS om vkyif ef;cGirf sm; twGi;f
cdkif;apjcif;rjyK&/ (Oyrm] ajratmuf/ a&atmuf/
vdSK%f*laqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;/ rdkif;vkyfief;rsm;/
avmifpmo,faqmifonfhtvkyf/ 10 rDwm txuf
vkyfaqmif&onfhvkyfief;/ udk,f0efaqmif trsKd;o
rD;rsm;twGuf n 10 em&DrS eHeuf 6 em&D twGi;f tvkyf
cdkif;apjcif;/ tcsdefydkcdkif;apjcif;/ tvkyf ydwf&ufwGif t
vkyfvkyfapjcif;/ tif*sifpuf/ wkefcgaeaom pufu&d
,mrsm;ESifh vkyfapjcif;/ 15 uDvdk *&rfxufav;aom
ukefypPnf;rsm;tm; o,fjcif;/ rjcif;/ a&$ hajymif;jcif;/
avSoabFmrsm;wGif vky&f aomtvky)f
uav;tvk y f o rm;rsm;twG u f
ajratmufvyk if ef;/
oHxnfrsm;tm; jyKvky&f aomtvky/f
tE &W m,f&adS om ypPn;f rsm;o,faqmifjcif;/
"gwyk pPn;f rsm; xkwv
f yk o
f nfv
h yk if ef;/
ylvGef;jcif;/ at;vGef;jcif;/ wkefcgr+rsm;I tE W&m,f
&Sad omvkyif ef;/ jynfw
h efqmvkyif ef;rsm;?

uav;touf (15)ESpEf iS (hf 18)ESp-f um; tvkyo

f rm;
rsm;udk cdik ;f aprnfqykd gu tvkyo
f rm;t&m&Sd (tvkyf
orm; umuG,af &;&H;k odk t
h a-umif;-um; cGi,
hf _l y;D rS cdik ;f
ap&rnf//)
tvk y f u d k acwW & yf q d k i f ; vd k y gu tvk y f & S i f r S
ay;&rnf h epf e ma-u;aiG
tyd k ' f ( 75)
tu,fI tvkyf&Siftaejzifh if;. vkyf
ief;wpfcv
k ;kH (od@k ) wpfpw
d w
f pfyikd ;f tm; rvGaJ &Smifom
onfh tajctaerSvI
JG tjcm;aom ta-umif;a-umifh
,m,D&yfqikd ;f &onf&adS omf tvky&f iS rf S tvkyo
f rm;
tvkyf rvkyf&onfh tcsdefumv wpfav#mufvHk;t
wGuf tvkyo
f rm; &aeus yHrk eS v
f pm. tenf;qH;k 50
&mcdik Ef e+ ;f udak y;&rnf?
txufyg pmydk'ftwdkif; tvkyf&Sifonf if;.
vkyif ef;&yfqikd ;f &ef vdt
k yfygu tvkyo
f rm;ESihf tvkyf
orm; ppfaq;a&;t&m&SdxH vkyfief;&yfqdkif;rnfh t
a-umif;ud k udwifItoday; ta-umif;-um;&rnf?
tvkyfxkwfjcif;/ tvkyfxGufjcif;?
tu,fI ta-umif;r&SdbJtvkyfxkwfcH&jcif;/
tvkyf&SifrS vkyfief;qufvufvnfywf&ef rEdkifawmh
jcif ; jzpf y gutvk y f o rm;rsm; epf e ma-u;cH p m;
cGifh&Sdonf?
(u) vkyfouf 4 vtxufESifh 1 ESpfatmufjzpfygu
&uf 30 twGuf&oifhonfh vkyfcepfema-u;?
(c) vkyfouf 1 ESpftxufESifh 3 ESpfxufrydku &uf
90 twGuf &oifhonfh vkyfcepfema-u;?
(*) vkyfouf 3 ESpftxufESifh 6 ESpfxufrydku &uf
aygif; 180 twGuf &oifhonfhvkyfcepfema-u;//
(C) vkyfouf 10 ESpftxuf (300) &ufepfema-u;
rsm;udk wGucf sujf y;D vkycf epfema-u;tjzpf tvkyf
&SifrS ay;aqmif&rnfjzpfonf//
yk ' f r ]118
tvkyform;rsm;vdkufem&rnfhtcsufrsm;?
1? vkyif ef;cGipf nf;urf;udk vdu
k ef m&rnf? if;pnf;urf;
onfvnf; vl@tcGit
hf a&;rsm;ukd tajccH_y;D w&m;Oya'
enf;vrf;wus jzpf&rnf//
?

t,f'Dwmhpum;
tvk y f o rm;awG t wG u f 'D v d k * sme,
f pfa pmif jzpf c sif v d k @ }ud K ;yrf ; vmcJ h w m tawmf
sme,fwpf
w
-umcJ h y g_yD ? tcuf t cJ a ygif ; rsm;pG m eJ @ xk w f a 0&wm jzpf y gw,f ?
xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H t wG i f ; rS m oef ; csD & S d a ewJ h jref r mtvk y f o rm;awG [ m uG e f j yLwmtif w meuf
ud k oH k ; Ed k i f o l a wG v nf ; r[k w f - u? a&'D , d k q d k w mvnf ; tvS r f ; a0;/ owif ; pm/ pmapmif q d k w m
vnf ; xd k i f ; rS m xk w f a 0Ed k i f - uwJ h ta&twG u f u txl ; enf ; yg;-uygw,f ? 'gh a -umif h tvk y f
orm;awG [ m od o if h o d x d k u f w J h owif ; tcsuf t vuf a wG o d & S d z d k @ tcG i f h t vrf ; txl ; enf ; yg; ae
-ua-umif ; od & S d & ygw,f ? 'gh a -umif h usaemf w d k @ xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H a &muf jref r mEd k i f i H o m;rsm;tzG J @ u
a&$ v k y f o m; *sme,f u d k pD p Of x k w f a 0-u&jcif ; jzpf y gw,f ? tjcm;vl a wG v nf ; xk w f a 0 vmEd k i f
-uygapvd k @ qEN j yKygw,f ?
usaemf w d k @ tck x k w f a 0wJ h 'D * sme,f y g quf o G , f & r,f h zk e f ; eH y wf a wG u d k quf o G , f _ yD ; awmh
rd r d w d k @ rS m }uH K awG @ ae&wJ h usef ; rma&;ud p P / tvk y f o rm; tcG i f h t a&;csKd ; azguf c H & wJ h u d p P / vl u k e f
ul ; cH & r+ tvk y f o rm;Oya'qd k i f & mud p P a wG t ygt0if jref r mtvk y f o rm;awG t wG u f od o if h
od x d k u f w mawG u d k od & S d & ,l E d k i f r ,f v d k @ ,H k - unf y gw,f ?
'gh t jyif 'D * sme,f [ m xd k i f ; rS m tvk y f v k y f a e-uwJ h jref r mtvk y f o rm;awG t wG u f
t"d u &nf & G , f x k w f a 0wm jzpf w ma-umif h jref r mEd k i f i H o m; tvk y f o rm;awG u vl r sKd ; ra&G ;
bmomra&G ; rd r d w d k @ }uH K awG @ ae&wJ h tcuf t cJ a wG u d k &if z G i f h a jymjyEd k i f y gw,f ?
tvk y f o rm;awG u ay;yd k @ vmr,f h uAsm/ aqmif ; yg;/ umwG e f ; eJ @ owif ; "gwf y H k a wG
rd r d w d k @ teD ; ywf 0 ef ; usif r S m jzpf a y:aewJ h jref r mtvk y f o rm;awG & J @ tjzpf t ysuf owif ;
tcsuf t vuf awG u d k v nf ; t_rJ v uf c H } ud K qd k o G m ;ygr,f ? ay;pmuud k v nf ; xnf h o G i f ;
az: jyay;oG m ;rS m jzpf y gw,f ? *sme,f z wf & + v d k w J h jref r mtvk y f o rm;awG taeeJ @ vnf ;
usaemf w d k @ xH u d k quf o G , f r S m ,l E d k i f y gw,f ?
bJ t k y f u wpf & mES p f & m raA'gu wpf y if w nf ; qd k o vd k xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H t wG i f ; rS m &S d w J h
oef ; csD & S d w J h jref r mtvk y f o rm;awG usaemf w d k @ xk w f a 0wJ h 'D * sme,f u qif h y g;pyf / ES r f ; yuf
jzpf r S m uawmh aocsmygw,f ? 'gayr,f h 'D * sme,f u d k zwf & + & wJ h tvk y f o rm;awG u usaemf w d k @
tywf w uk w f }ud K ;pm;tm;xk w f _ yD ; xk w f a 0wJ h *sme,f y g owif ; tcsuf t vuf a wG u d k

xuf a cgif ( rJ a qmuf )

wif j yonf
a&$ v k y f o m; *sme,f . rl 0 g'

zwf & + a vh v m_yD ; awmh rd r d w d k @ awG @ }uH K ae&wJ h tcuf t cJ a wG x J u wpf p H k w pf c k tul t nD r sm;
&&S d c J h y gv#if u|Ek f y f w d k @ yif y ef ; &usKd ; eyf y g_yD v d k @ ,H k - unf x m;ygw,f ?

xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H a &muf jref r mEd k i f o m;rsm;toif ;

vG w f v yf r #w_yD ; wd u sonf h
owif ; rsm;ud k o m az: jyygrnf ?

od k @

nD E S i f h t}uH ^ m%f r sm;ud k vuf c H } ud K qd k

ygonf ?
od k @ &mwG i f rnf o nf h tpd k ; &/
rnf o nf h

ygwD /

vl y k * ~ K d v f w d k @ .

-oZmv$ r f ; rd k ; r+ u d k r S rcH a om vG w f v yf
onf h owif ; pm jzpf y gonf ?
uG s Ek f y f w d k @ wwf o d y nm&S i f
rsm;

xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H a &muf jref r mEd k i f i H o m;rsm;tzG J h

jzef h c sd a &;wm0ef c H =OD ; rsKd ; Ed k i f

&if z G i f h p mES i f h a0zef t }uH j yKpmay;yd k @ vd k v #if

t,f ' D w mm=ausmf

ausmf a omif ;

quf o G , f & ef

'D Z d k i f ; ES i h f pmrsuf E S m tjyif t qif =ud k O D ;

*sme,f wd k ; wuf aumif ; rG e f

a&; tjyKoabmaqmif a om tul t

xk w f a 0ol

owif ; axmuf r sm;

Po Box 21
Bang Bon post office
Bangkok 10151 Thailand
Phone;084-670-5727
;086-298-7609
bat13112008@gmail.com

jrwf n d K ?
ud k w D ; (xd k i f ; bmomjyef owif ; axmuf ) ?
0oef (bef a umuf )
[d e f ; xuf a Zmf (r[mcsKd i f )
apmarmif (r[mcsKd i f )
xuf a cgif (rJ a qmuf )

cd k i f t w (zl ; cuf )
armif p d k ; (&aemif ; )

uJ ql ' d k u k upm;enf ; av; upm;&atmif (1)/ (2)

r[k w f - uaomf v nf ; uG s Ek f y f

wd k @ &&S d x m;aom owif ; tcsuf t

vuf r sm;tm; xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H t0S r f ; &S d - u
aom jref r ma&$ @ ajymif ; tvk y f o rm;
rsm;twG u f

tusKd ; jzpf x G e f ; ap&ef

wif j y-ujcif ; om jzpf y gonf ?

2011=ck E S p f / atmuf w d k b mvwG i f pwif x k w f a 0onf

pmrsuf E S m =5

twG J = 1/ trS w f = 1

tvkyform;*sme,f
jref r mtvk y f o rm;rsm; ta&;ay:quf o G , f & ef zk e f ; eH y wf r sm;
UNIAP ta&;ay:zkef;vdkif; =080=456=5560(jrefrmbmom)
LPN zkef;eHywf = 034=434=726(jrefrmbmom)

pufb;D tpD;rsm;&if a,muFsm; tm;avsmrh ,f

qmay: ukd,fwufxdkifaewm jzpfygw,f vdk@ ajymyg

Mirror Foundation =02=941=4194 = 95 vdkif;cGJ 11 (xdkif;bmom)

xd k i f ; tvk y f o rm;umuG , f a &;ES i f h a pmif h a &S m uf a &;Xme = 1506

w,f? ydw
k w
d u
d sus ajym&&if vl@cE<m ud,
k t
f av;csed &f @J
(25)uae(40)&mcdik Ef e+ ;f xd aygi_f cH od@k r[kwf t*F gZmwf
rsufESmjyif Perineum atmufem;u tm&Hka-um

02=246=8006 02=245=6520 (xdkif;bmom)

uav;ol i ,f / ysKd & G , f o l E S i f h trsKd ; orD ; rsm;Xme(xd k i f ; &J ) 1191= 20=512=2678 xd k i f ; bmom

awG/ aoG;a-umawGtay: oufa&mufoGm;wm jzpf

vlr+zG@H_zdK;a&;ESifhvHk_cHKa&;Xme

w,f? t&dk;r&SdwJh 'Dae&m[m 'Davmuftav;csdefudk

(Ministry of Social Development and Human Security)

xrf;zdk@ wnfaqmufxm;wJh ae&m r[kwfygbl;? 'g

zkef;eHywf=1300 (xdkif;bmom)

a-umifh tJovdk pufbD;pD;&if rdepfydkif;twGif; tJ'D

yifv,faysmfrsm;or*~(xdkif;EdkifiH) udkol& SUB,ITF 083=305=7832 086=995=8119

ae&mrSm aoG;wGif; atmufpD*sif(80)&mcdkifE+ef; us

081=812=2550 02=671=9099

qif; oGm;w,fvdk@ a'gufwm&Sa&'gu qdkygw,f?

pufbD;pD; &JywWa&mifawG[m pufbD;

ynma&;ES i f h z G H @ _zKd ; wd k ; wuf a &;azmif a ';&S i f ; (xd k i f ; awmif y d k i f ; / zef i ) FED 076=486=351

rpD;wJh &JawGxuf vdift*F gxuGr+ avsmhenf;wmudk

xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H a &muf jref r mEd k i f i H o m;rsm;tzG J @ (bef a umuf ) 084=670=5727

086=298=7609
&cd k i f t vk y f o rm;v+ y f & S m ;r+ t zG J @ (rJ a qmuf ) 083=626=4915
jref r mjynf o m;ta&; yl ; wG J v + y f & S m ;r+ a umf r wD (rJ a qmuf ) 087=849=6545
MAP azgifa';&Sif; (csif;rdkif) 053=811=202
MAP azgifa';&Sif; (rJaqmuf) 055=536=675
C. A.R tzGJ@ (cGsefbl&D= tacsmif) 081=0015=591
C. A.R tzGJ@ (va&mif) 038=871=236 038=871=237

jref r mvl u k e f u l ; r+ w m;qD ; ES d r f e if ; a&;tzG J @ ES i f h txl ; tzG J @ w,f v D z k e f ; eH y wf r sm;

aejynf a wmf = 067=41221 &ef u k e f = 012=51438 544144 rl q ,f = 082=52890
yk o d r f = 042=21030
21074
09=5012819
wmcsD v d w f = 084=53022
vm;&+ d ; =082=23017 09=52759 awmif } uD ; =081=200764 5214917
avmuf u d k i f = 082=72003 aumh a omif ; =059=51981 jr0wD = 058=50268
armf v _rd K if = 057=26983 _rd w f = 09=8762398 usKd i f ; wH k = 084=21637 09=5252199
jrpf } uD ; em;=074=22336 Aef ; armf = 074=50071 yJ c l ; =052=21030 095=085072
rauG ; =06352016ppf a wG = 043=23625
rS w f c suf ?

? cG i f h j yKcsuf & onf h t zJ G @ tpnf ; rsm;. zk e f ; eH y wf r sm;ud k

wdk;csJ@az: jyay;oGm;ygrnf?

a'gufwm&Sa&'gu ppfaq;awG@&SdcJhwm jzpfygw,f?

avhvmr+ rwdkifcifu xdyfc|efxdkifcHk pufbD;pD;&JawG&J@

New York Time Ed k u f w if ; a*;tG e f v d k i f ;

pufb;D pD;wJv
h al wG[m wifyg;&d;k ay: tm;

vlawGu awmh xdyfc|efxdkifcHk b,fawmhrS jyefrpD;-u

av;yHo
k ;kH yH[
k m pufb;D pD;wJt
h cg xHu
k siw
f m jzpfa-umif;

jyKxdkif&wmr[kwfyJ aygif_cHae&mudk tm;jyKxdkif&wm

awmhygb;l ? 'Djy\em[m trsK;d om;awGwifru trsK;d

ajymcJh-uygw,f? avhvmawG@&Sdcsufa-umifh xdkifcHkyHkpH

jzpfwJhtwGuf yef;ao/ yef;!dSK; jzpfwwfwmawGudk

orD;awGuv
kd nf; xdcu
kd rf &+ w
dS ,fv@kd qD;vrf;a-umif;eJ@

ajymif;_yD; pufb;D pD;vm-uwJt

h cg ajcmufvt-umrSm

vufawG@ wdkif;wmr+awGt& od&ygw,f? or&dk;us

rD;,yfyg&*l a'guw
f m rm*&Sm*ufpef @J a'guw
f m uuf

awmh pufbD;pD;&J ig;yHkwpfyHkyJ xHkusifw,fvdk@ ajym

xdyfc|efxdkifcHkrSm xdkifpD;wJhtcg aygif_cHudk pufbD;xdkifcHk

ovif;aume,fvw
f @kd u ajymygw,f? trsK;d orD; puf

-uygawmhw,f?

xdyfc|efu zdxm;wJhtwGuf aoG;toGm;tvmavsmh

bD;pD;orm; (60)&mcdkifE+ef;avmuf[m xdyfc|efxdkifcHk

ESpf&Snfvrsm; xdyfc|efxdkifcHkeJ@ pufbD;pD;

us_yD; vdifr+udpP pGrf;aqmif&nfudk xdkcdkufwmjzpfyg

a-umifh t&dk;r&SdbJ El;nHhwJh tom;oufoufay:udk zd

aecJhol awG[m xdkifcHkajymif;_yD; awmfawmf-umrS

w,f? xdyfc|efxdkifcHkeJ@ pufbD;pD;wJh trsKd;om; wpf

xdkif&wm jzpfvdk@ t*F gwpf0dkufrSm emusifwm/ xHkwm/

tusKd;oufa&mufr+ &Sdw,fvdk@ &Sa&'gu ajymyg

a,muf[m ntdycf sed rf mS axmifrwfcsed f (18) &mcdik f

usifwmawG jzpfwwfygw,f? vdifqufqHa&; tydkif;

ao;w,f?

E+ef;yJ &Sd&mu xdyfwHk;xdkifcHkeJ@ pufbD;pD;wJhtcgrSm

rSmvnf; tm&Hck pH m;r+ avsmu

h s-uygw,f? txl;ojzifh

xdycf |ex
f ikd cf akH -umifh yef;aoyef;!d;S jzpfwm

awmh axmifrwfcsed (f 28)&mcdik Ef e+ ;f txd wufvmwmudk

pufb;D udk c&D;a0;pD;olawG tcsed -f um-um pD;olawG[m

'gavmuf}u;D rjzpfygb;l / xdyw

f ;kH xdik cf u
kH pufb;D pD;/ v+yf

acwfrD pufud&d,mawGeJ@ wdkif;wmawG@ &SdcJhygw,f?

a,muFsm;jzpfjzpf rdef;rjzpfjzpf xdyfwHk;xdkifcHk ajymif;pD;

&Sm;&wm jy\em&Sw
d ,f/ _ydKifyaJG wGrmS tvkyf rjzpfb;l

oifhw,fvdk@ okawoDawGu owday;xm;ygw,f?

vd@k xdyw
f ;kH pufb;D xdik cf u
kH kd qef@usiaf eolawGu acsy

'ga-umifh tar&duefEikd if H vkyif ef;cGif ab;

uif;a&;eJ@ use;f rma&;qdik &f m trsK;d om;odyu
H` pufb;D pD;

tar&duefEdkifiH qD;,JwJvf_rdK@u rsKd;yGm;

ajymaeygw,f? pufbD;_ydKifyGJawGrSm xdyfc|efxdkifcHku

&JywWa&mif awGukd xdyw

f ;kH pufb;D xdik cf akH wG xkwaf y;

ynm&yf yg&*l pwDAif&aS &'gu a,muFsm;wefqm[m

wyef;omwm jzpfcsijf zpfr,f/ 'gayr,fh _ydKifyrJG [kwb

f J

aeygw,f?

cE<mudk,f tjyifbufrSm &Sdaeoavmuf udk,ftwGif;

puf b D ; pD ; aeol a wG u awmh bd k i f q uf ' ,f v f

vltrsm;pkuawmh pufb;D xdik cf akH jymif;zd@k

xJrSmvnf; wqufwnf; &Sdygw,f? 'ga-umifh &dk;&dk;

Bisaddle vdk xdyw

f ;kH xdik cf rkH sK;d ajymif;oH;k oifw
h ,fv@kd

udpu
P kd ta&; rygwhJ udpv
P @kd xifaeayr,fh ajymif;pD;cJw
h hJ

pufbD; xdkifcHkrSm xdkifwJhtcg wu,fawmh udk,hfwef

q&m0efawGu wdu
k w
f eG ;f aeygw,f?

rdk;ajumifh -refrmhqef txGufavsmhzG,f7Sd

taY&Shawmif tm&SEdkifiHrsm;twGif; rdk;oD;xefpGm

&GmoGef;aerIaMumihf vlaygif;&mcsDaoqHk;

puf w if b m

xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H t,k ' < , _rd K @ a&epf j rKyf a epOf

atmuf w d k b m 6=2011=ud k w D ; =&cd k i f h w H c G e f

ESpfaygif; 50 twGif; tqdk;0g;qHk; }uHKawG@ae

&aom xdik ;f Edik if w
H iG f vlaygi;f 300 eD;yg; aoqH;k oGm;cJ_h y;D
jzpfonf? tdrfeD;csif; uarBm'D;,m;ESifh AD,uferf
Edik if w
H @kd wiG v
f nf; 200 eD;yg;cef@ aoqH;k cJ_h yD jzpfa-umif;
ukvor*~ a'owGif; ulnDa&;qdkif&m wm0ef&Sd
olrsm;u ajymqdak -umif; xdik ;f owif;rsm;wGif xkwv
f i$ hf
oGm;cJhonf? befaumuf_rdK@ txufydkif; zdpEdk@vk/
aemhc@kd p0ef/ vGwb
f &l D c&dik Ef iS hf a&S@a[mif; apwDyx
k ;kd rsm;
&S d o nf h t,k ' < , _rd K @wG i f a&ajcmuf a ycG J c ef @ jrif h
wufco
hJ jzifh tusO;f axmif wpfcrk S tusO;f om; 1700
ausmfwdk@tm; ab;vGwf&modk@ ajymif;a&$@ay;cJh&onf?

oif , H k - unf & onf h owif ; *sme,f

[Gef'garmfawmfum; puf&Hkwpfck tygt0if puf&Hk

tawmfrsm;rsm;wd@k vnf; epfjrKyfaeqJ jzpfonf?
ESpv
f cef@twGi;f c&dik af ygi;f 50 ausmf a&epf
cJ_h y;D ,ck a&epfjrKyaf eygonfh a'orsm;wGif pyg;pdu
k {f u
aygi;f oef;cs_D yD; a&epfysupf ;D cJah -umif; owif;rsm;wGif
az: jyxm;onf?
jrefrmEdkifiHwGifvnf; {&m0wDwdkif;/ rE W
av;wdkif;/ ucsifjynfe,f/ u&ifjynfe,f/ rGefjynfe,f
ESifh u,m;jynfe,f/ yJcl;wdkif;/ &efukefwdkif;/ csif;jynf
e,fESifh &ckdifjynfe,fwdk@wGifvnf; rdk;}uD;ojzifh pdkuf
cif;rsm; a&v$r;f rd;k jcif; cHae&a-umif; owif;rsm;wGif az:
jyxm;onf?

8=2011=ausmf c (rZd r )

rd;k zsuI
f jrefrmEdik if .
H t"dupyg;pdu
k yf sK;d
onfh a'orsm;tygt0if jynfe,fESifhwdkif; a'o}uD;
av;ckwGif pyg;cif;rsm; xdcdkufysufpD;r+&Sdojzifh ,ckESpf
qefpyg;xGufE+ef;rSm wefcsdef 17 oef; avsmhenf;vdrfh
rnf[k jrefrmEdkifiH qefpyg;pdkufysKd;xkwfvkyfolrsm;
toif; OuUX OD;pde0f if;vdKS ifu cef@reS ;f vdu
k o
f nf?
,ckESpf rdk;umvwGif a&}uD;a&v#Hr+a-umifh
pyg;cif; tajrmuftrsm; {&m0wDwdkif;/ yJcl;wdkif;/ rGef
jynfe,fEiS hf &cdik jf ynfe,fw@kd Y ysupf ;D cJ&h m ESppf Ofysr;f r#
pyg; txGuEf e+ ;f jzpfaom wefcsed f 17 oef;. 10 &mcdik Ef e+ ;f
avsmu
h somG ;Edik o
f nf[k cef@reS ;f xm;jcif; jzpfonf?
cgwdkif;ESpfawGvnf; ysufpD;r+&Sdayr,fhvdk@ 'DESpf
u &moDOwkazgufjyefr+ awmfawmfqdk;awmh pyg;awG
a&epfysufpD;r+awGu awmfawmfrsm;wJh tcgusawmh
xGuEf e+ ;f u cgwikd ;f ESpaf wGxuf qkw,
f w
k rf + ydrk sm;wm
aygah v [k jrefrmEdik if H qefpyg;vkyif ef;&Sirf sm; toif;
OuUXvnf;jzpfol OD;pde0f if;vSKd ifu rZdrod@k ajymonf?

Zlvdkifvv,frS pwifum pHcsdefwif&Gm

oGef;cJhonfhrdk;a-umifh ysufpD;qHk;&+H;r+. aemufqufwGJ
tjzpf ,ckESpftwGuf jynfwGif;/ jynfy qefwifydk@r+
avsmh enf;vdrfhrnf jzpfaomfvnf; jynfwGif;pm;oHk;
r+ zlvHka&;udkom t"duxm;_yD; ydkv#HrSom EdkifiHjcm;
od@k xkwaf &mif; oGm;rnfjzpfa-umif;ajymonf?
usaemfwdk@ taeeJ@uawmh jynfwGif;
zlvzkH @kd ukd t"duxm;_yD;rS jynfyyd@k z@kd twGuf xGu&f rdS e+ @J
csdefxdk;_yD;awmh ydk@ukeftwGuf pOf;pm;oGm;rSm jzpfyg
w,f[k OD;pde0f if;vSKd ifu ajymonf?
jrefrmEdik if H wpfEikd if v
H ;kH . qefpm;oH;k r+Ee+ ;f
rSm wpfEpS v
f #if wefcsed f 15 oef;cef@ &So
d nf? 2010 ckEpS f
twGi;f qefwify@kd Edik rf + rSm wefcsed f 8 ode;f cef@ wify@kd Eikd f
cJhaomfvnf; 2011 ckESpf{_yDrS pufwifbmxd wefcsdef
3 odef;cGJom wifydk@Edkifao;onf?
xdka-umifh jrefrmEdkifiH. qefxGufE+ef;
usqif;r+ r&Sdap&eftwGuf yGifhvif;&moDwGif pepfw
us pdkufysKd;r+rsm; jyKvkyfoGm;Edkif&ef Xmeqdkif&mrsm;
rSwpfqifh awmifol v,form;rsm;udk wkdufwGef;

oGm;rnfjzpfovdk ysufpD;qHk;&+H;r+rsm; rjzpfap &eft

wGufudkvnf; vufawG@ynmay;r+rsm;/ pufypPnf;
axmufyHhr+rsm; jyKvkyf oGm;rnf[k od&onf?
t&ifwkef;uawmh qefpyg;ay:wJh tcsdefrSm or
&d;k us vSe;f wmwd@k / vrf;ay: rSm vSe;f wmwd@k vkycf ahJ wmh
tck txl ; wvnf vk y f z d k @ aygh a v? tajcmuf
cH p uf a wG e J @ pepf w usvk y f z d k @ ynmay;/ tav;
ay;_yD;awmh usaemfw@kd uae 'gawG axmufyEhH ikd af tmif
OD;pm;ay;_yD;awmh vkyfaew,f? t&ifwkef;uawmh
&dwfodrf;csdefrSm enf;ynm/ bmnmayghAsm? omref
avmuf ygy?J tckawmh ypPn;f awGyg wu,f vufawG@
axmufyHh_yD; vkyfoGm;rSmyg[k olu qufajymonf?
jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;. pyg;pdkufysKd;r+E+ef;rSm
{u 2043 oef ; &S d _ yD ; rd k ; pyg;pd k u f y sKd ; r+ {urS m
1727 jzpfum aEGpyg; pdkufysKd;r+E+ef;rSm 316 oef;jzpf
a-umif; jrefrmEdkifiH qefpyg;pdkufysKd;xkwfvkyfolrsm;
toif;. rSwfwrf;rsm;t& od&onf?

2011=ck E S p f / atmuf w d k b mvwG i f pwif x k w f a 0onf

twG J = 1/ trS w f = 1

pmrsuf E S m =8

tvkyof rm;*sme,f

a':atmifqef;pkjunf b0rSww
f rf;&ky&f iS f befaumufwiG -f yo

-r0wD rJaqmufww
H m;teD; oHq;l }udK;um7H

a':atmif q ef ; pk - unf . rS w f w rf ; &k y f & S i f u m; 'g&d k u f w m Anny Gyrithe BonneES

ES i f h y&d o wf r sm;
puf w if b m

8=2011=jrwf n d K

(tvG w f o wif ; axmuf )

'def;rwfEdkifiHol 'g&dkufwm Anne Gyrithe

Bonnepkpnf; wifjyxm;onfh a':atmifqef;pk
-unf. b0rSwfwrf; &kyf&Sif The Lady of no
Feartm; xdik ;f Edik if H befaumuf_rdK@&dS Edik if jH cm; owif;
axmufrsm; uvyfwiG f _yD;cJo
h nfh t*F gae@u jyocJ&h m
y&dwo
f wf &mcs_D yD; vma&muftm;ay;cJ-h uonf?
pufwifbm 6 &ufae@nu jyoonfyh o
JG @kd
'def;rwf EdkifiHom;rsm;/ 'defrwfoH&Hk;rS wm0ef&Sdolrsm;/
xdik ;f wuUov
kd f ynm&Sirf sm;ESihf ausmif;om;rsm;tjyif
EdkifiHwum owif;Xmeaygif;pHkrS vma&muf-unfh&+
cJh-uonf?
,ck rSwfwrf;um;tm; wifjyEdkif&ef a':pk
rdom;pk aexdkifcJhonfh t*FvefEdkifiH aetdrfodk@ oGm;
a&mufchJ &um pmtkypf mwrf;rsm;pGm zwf&a+ vhvmcJ&h _y;D
&du
k u
f u
G f tawmfrsm;rsm;wd@k tm; 'Dru
kd &ufwpfjrefrmh
toH DVBrS &,lc&hJ a-umif; olruajymonf?
'g&dkufwm Anne Gyrithe Bonne u
usr jrefrmEdik if H aumif;usK;d twGuf wpfpw
kH pfcak wmh
vkyfEdkifrSm r[kwfbl;? 'gayr,fh jrefrmvlxktwGuf
b0eJ@&if;_yD; vkyfudkifaewJh a':atmifqef;pk-unf

twG u f vk y f a y;Ed k i f a tmif qd k _ yD ; usr }ud K ;pm;

wifjywmyg[k ajymonf?
rSwfwrf;jyuGufwGif a':pktm; cifyGef;onf
a'guw
f m rdu
k u
f ,ft&J pf pd;k &dryf /kH rdcif}uD; ruse;f rmI
1988 ckEpS u
f jrefrmjynfomG ;pOf ta&;tcif;ESihf qHak wG@
_yD; Edik if aH &;avmuxJ 0ifa&mufomG ;yHk wd@k ukd csw
d q
f uf
wifjyxm;onf?
a':pk Edkb,fqk twGuf om;tz oHk;a,muf
wufa&muf ,lonht
f cg om;}uD; tvufZEMm;tJ&pf
u reufjzefaygi;f rsm;pGm rdcifEiS hf jyefawG@&ef ar#mv
f ifah e
a-umif; ajymqdpk Of qd@k eifu
h m toHwrd 0f if oGm;cJo
h nf?
xd@k tjyif tcrf;tem;wGif csw
d q
f x
JG m;onfh cGyaf 'gi;f yHyk g
a':pk aemufcyH ef;csyD t
kH m; rdu
k u
f ,ft&J pf pdu
k -f unfah e
onfrsm;udk txl;jyK &dkuful; jyoxm;onf?
,ckrSwfwrf;tm; vma&muf-unhf&+cJhonfh
befaumuf_rdK@rS tvkyform;ta&; aqmif&Gufonfh
OD;rsKd;Edkifu a':pk&J@ wdkif;jynfeJ@ vlrsKd;tay: tav;
teufxm;wmudk ay:vGifatmif jyoxm;w,fvdk@
usaemfem;vnfygw,f[kajymonf?
pufwifbm 7 &ufae@ naeydkif;uvnf; bef
aumuf_rdK@&dS tEkynm jycef;wGif 'kw,
d yGJ jyocJo
h nf?

0ufouf _zpfymG ;r+ajumihf tar7duudk

vmr,fh _refrm'kuo
Q nfawG qdi
k ;f iHx
h m;

xd k i f ; =jref r me,f p yf xd k i f ; buf j crf ; wG i f oH q l ; }ud K ;um&H a epOf ("gwf y H k = {&m0wD )

pufwifbm=26=2011={&m0wDowif;Xme

xdkif;jrefrme,fpyf jr0wD=rJaqmuf wHwm;

atmufzufrS &mZ0wfr+rsm;udk wm;qD;&ef xdkif;
tm%mydkifwdk@u we*FaEGae@wGif rJaqmuf_rdK@buf&Sd
wHwm;atmufajc teD;w0kdufudk oHql;}udK;um&H_yD;
vH_k cHKa&;wd;k rSiv
hf u
kd o
f nf?
rl;&pfaq;wdkufzsufa&;eJ@ wjcm;Oya' csKd;
azgufr+awGudk wm;qD;ESdrfESif;oGm;zdk@/ vHk_cKHa&; tm;
enf;aewJh ae&mawGudk vHk_cHKa&; wdk;rSifhzdk@ tpdk;&&J@ rl
0g'eJ@ !$ef-um;csuft& taumiftxnf az:vdkuf
wmyg[k rJaqmuf_rKd @ tajcpdu
k f trSwf 4 a'oqdik &f m
uGyu
f aJ &;wyf 'kwyfrLS ;}uD; ypHq,fp&D &D wf u owif;
axmufrsm;udk ajymonf?
vH_k cKHa&;wd;k rSijhf cif;. t"du&nf&,
G cf suo
f nf
wHwm;atmuf a&v,fuGsef;rSvmaom rl;,pfaq;
vrf;a-umif;udk wm;qD;vdkjcif;a-umifh jzpfEdkifonf[k
jrefrm ukefonfwpfOD; u ajymonf?
jy\emu a&v,fusG e;f yJ? uGse;f rSmaewmu
jrefrm200 ausmf&Sdw,f? thJ'D txJu wcsKd@awGu
xdkif;buful;_yD; rl;,pfaq;0g; a&mif;w,f? 'DuGsef;u
rl;,pfaq;0g;awG nbuf xdkif;bufudk o,f-uwJh
vrf;vkd jzpfaew,f [k rJaqmufwiG f opfawmxGuf
ypP n f ; ta&mif ; qd k i f zG i f h x m;onf h jref r mwpf O D ;
uajymonf?

rav;&S m ;a&muf 'k u Q o nf r sm;. yH k r sm;

puf w if b m

24=2011=owif ; =tmtuf z f a t

tar&duefjynfaxmifp/k 0pfueG q
f if jynf
e,f rDvfa0ghuD;_rdK@a&muf jrefrm'kuQonfawGu wpf
qifh 0ufoufa&m*g ul;pufcJa-umif; awG@&Sd&wJh t
wGuf rav;&Sm;uae tar&duefjynfaxmifpkudk 'kuQ
onfawG vma&mufr,fh udpPudk qdkif;iHhxm;a-umif;
tar&duef usef;rma&; wm0ef&SdolawGuajymqkdyg
w,f?
-o*kwfv 24 &ufae@u rDvfa0ghuD;_rdK@udk
a&muf&v
dS mwJ h jrefrmEdik if u
H touf 2 ESpt
f &G,f u
av; wpfO;D [m pufwifbmv 7 &ufae@u 0ufouf
a&m*g jzpfygG ;cJw
h ,fv@kd qdyk gw,f?
'gt
h jyif wjcm; 'kuo
Q nf 2 OD;vnf; 0ufouf
a&m*g jzpfygG ;wmudk awG@&cdS &J w,fv@kd tar&duef ul;puf
a&m*g umuG,fa&;Xme CDC &J@ owif;rSm az: jy
xm;ygw,f?
'gt
h jyif rav;&Sm;uae tar&duef jynfaxmif
pk/ u,fvzD ;kd eD;,m; jynfe,fukd a&muf&v
dS mwJh touf
15 ESpt
f &G,f uav;wpfO;D [mvnf; 0ufoufa&m*g
jzpfyGg;aewmudk awG@cJh&ygw,f? tJh'Duav;eJ@ twl

av,mOfc&D;pOf wpfcw
k nf; twlvmcJw
h hJ wjcm;'kuQ
onf uav; 3 OD;[mvnf; 0ufoufa&m*g jzpfygG ; ae
ygw,f? 'Duav;awG[m 0ufoufa&m*g umuG,f
aq; xd;k xm;jcif; r&Sb
d ;l vk@d qdyk gw,f?
'Duav;awG[m rav;&Sm;rSm &Sad epOf uwnf;
u 0ufoufa&m&*g ul;pufcw
hJ mvm;/ 'grrS [kwf av
,mOfay:a&mufrS ul;pufcw
hJ mvm; qdw
k m twdtus
rod&ao;bl;vd@k CDC wm0ef&o
dS al wGu ajymygw,f?
avmavmq,f a&m*gul;puf jyefyGg;rSmudk
umuG,fwJhtaeeJ@ rav;&Sm;EdkifiHuae tar&duef
jynfaxmifpu
k kd vma&mufr,fh jrefrm'kuo
Q nfawGukd
qdik ;f iHx
h m;vdu
k af -umif; tar&duef tpd;k & wm0ef&dS ol
awGu ajymygw,f?
0ufoufa&m*ga-umifh uav;awGrSm udk,ft
ylcsdef jrifhwufvm_yD; wpfudk,fvHk; teDa&miftzkawG
xGufvm_yD; tcsdefrSD aq;ukoEdkifjcif; r&Sd&if touf
qH;k &+;H Edik yf gw,f? 2008 ckEpS f pm&if;awGt& urBmw0Se;f
0ufoufa&m*ga-umifh aoqH;k &ol uav;OD;a& 1 ode;f
6 aomif;ausmf &SdcJhygw,f?

2011=ck E S p f / atmuf w d k b mvwG i f pwif x k w f a 0onf

rJaqmuf&Jpcef;. rSwfwrf;rsm;wGif az: jyxm;

csut
f & a&v,fusG e;f rS wqifh xdik ;f bufu;l _y;D pdwf uG
aq;jym;(&mb) tygt0if rl;,pfaq;0g'rsK;d pHk a&mif;cs
-uonfh jrefrmrsm;udk r-umc% zrf;qD; &rdaeonf?
,cifvuvnf; 2 {ucef@ tus,f&dSonfh
a&v,fuGsef;wGif aeolwcsKd@ tcsif;rsm;_yD; tjyef
tvSef ypfcwf-uojzifh aoqH;k r+ &Scd ahJ -umif; od&onf?
uGsef;wGif aexdkifolwdk@u EdkifiHjcm;t&uf/ pD;u
&ufrsKd;pHk ponfh taumufcGefrJh ypPnf;rsm;/ twkty
rsm;udk wHwm;atmufodk@ a&mufvmonfh c&D;onf
rsm;udk a&mif;cs-uonf[k a'ocHrsm;u ajymonf?
uGsef;wGif aexdkifolwdkif; &mZ0wfr+ usL;vGef
olrsm; r[kwaf -umif; a&xGuu
f ek f ypPn;f a&mif;onfh
rtrDemu ajymonf?
usr 'DuGsef;uae xdkif;bufudk ykZGefxkyf
eJ@*%ef;awG a&mif;w,f? vlwikd ;f awmh aq;orm;awG
r[kw-f uygb;l ? cufwmu aq;&mif;wJv
h el @J vlu,f&D
vkyw
f v
hJ al wGu 'DusG e;f udyk J trSjD yKvd@k ckvkd jzpf&wm[k
rtrDemu ajymonf?
oHql;}udK;um&Hjcif;udk wjcm; ae&mrsm;wGif
vnf; jyKvkyfoifhonf[k u&ifjynfe,f jr0wD_rdK@ESifh

AIDS
a&m*gudk uko&ef
aq;0g;r&Sdao;yg?

xdkif;EdkifiHESifh rJaqmuf-um; aomif&if;jrpfurf;yg;&Sd

xdik ;f vkyif ef;&Sif wpfO;D u qdo
k nf?
e,fpyf wpfav#mufrSm&SdwJh tcsuftcsm us
wJh ae&mawGudk vkyfr,fqdk&ifawmh tusKd;&SdEdkifw,f?
'Dcsp-f unfa&; wHwm;atmufavmufyJ vkyrf ,fq&kd if
awmh odyf xl;jcm;r,fvdk@ rxifbl;[k ajymonf?
,refESpf Zlvdkifu xdkif;bufjcrf;wGif e,fjcm;
aomif&if;jrpf a&pG,x
f ;kd r+ukd umuG,&f eftwGuf cspf
-unf a &; wH w m;teD ; ajrmuf b uf j crf ; wG i f
xdkif;bufu uGef*&pf urf;xdef;eH&H wnfaqmufr+udk
jrefrmbufu t}udr}f udrf uef@uu
G cf o
hJ nf? urf;xde;f
eH&H wnf aqmufru
+ kd ta-umif;jyK_yD; e,fpyfww
H m;
udkyg ydwfvdkufonf?
,refae@u wHwm;atmufoq
H ;l }udK; um&Hru
+ kd
jrefrmtm%mydik w
f @kd u wpfpw
kH pf&m uef@uu
G af jymqdk
jcif; r&Sdao;aomfvnf; jr0wD_rdK@bufrS "gwfyHk/ AGD'D,dk
&du
k u
f ;l _yD; rSww
f rf;wifco
hJ nf?
xdkif;tm%mydkifwdk@uvnf; oHql;}udK;um&H
onft
h a-umif; _rKd @e,ftqifh xdik ;f =jrefrm e,fpyf aumf
rwDrSwpfqifh jrefrmbufodk@ today;xm;onf[k
od&onf?

a&$vkyfom;

vpOfxkwf*sme,fodk@

uAsm/ owif ; /
aqmif ; yg;/ 0w K pmrl r sm;
ay;yd k @ Ek d i f y g_yD ? pD ; yG g ;a&;
a-umf j imvd k o l r sm;
atmuf y g vd y f p mtwd k i f ;
quf o G , f Ed k i f y g_yD ?

Po BOX 21
Bang Bon post office
Bangkok 10151 Thailand.
Phone;084-670-5727
;086-298-7609
bat13112008@gmail.com

a&$ v k y f o m;*sme,f t zG J @

oif , H k - unf & onf h owif ; *sme,f

twG J = 1/ trS w f = 1

pmrsuf E S m =6

tvkyof rm;*sme,f

Adv
k cf sKyfyykH g wq,fwef aiGpuLwpf&u
G f usyfwpfaomif; ay;0,fae 2011 atmufwb
kd mvtwGuf oifu
h -H urRm
vdkufvH0,f,laeolrsm;rSm a'ocHrsm;
r[kwf-uyJ 0,f,laeonfh wq,fwefu AdkvfcsKyfyHk
yg_yD; aiGpuULay:wGif (aiG
aiGpuULxkwf&m Xmewdkif;Y
v JvS
v S, f c G i f h & S d a -umif ; tmrcH o nf ?)[k a&;om;
xm;_yD; pHvif; [k vufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;onfh aiG
puULjzpfonf?
,ckudpPESifh ywfouf_yD; rE Wav;_rdK@rS

Ad k v f c sKyf y H k y g wq,f w ef aiG p uU L

owif;pmq&m q&mausm&f ifjrifu

h aiGpuUL vdu
k 0f ,f

t&ifu ydkufqH aiGwq,fwefawG

aewm rSefw,f? tJh'D aiGpuULawG tajrmuftrsm;

rE aW v;/ rH&k mG ESif ah &$bekd ,fw@kd wiG f Adv

k cf sKyf

vdkuf0,faewm bmudpPrSefrodbl;? usaemf-um;ae

vuf0,f&Sdxm;ol wpfOD;OD;uaomf vnf;aumif;

yHkygonfh wpfq,fwef aiGpuULrsm;tm; usyfwpf

wm tJ'h D ydu
k q
f aH wGe@J Edik if jH cm;u b%f wpfcrk mS Adv
k f

wpfz@JG z@JG u aomfvnf;aumif; r[kwrf rSeo

f wif; v$ihf

aomif;ay;_y;D ukeo
f nftcsK@d vdu
k v
f 0H ,f,al ea-umif;

csKyfu tyfxm;wJh a&$acsmif;awGukd tJ'h yD u

kd q
f eH @J xkwf

_y;D olw@kd vufxrJ mS &Sw

d hJ aiGpuULawGukd xkwaf &mif; wm

a&$b_kd rKd @u enf;ynmausmif;om;wpfO;D u ajymonf?

,l v d k @ &w,f v d k @ -um;aewm [k a jymonf ?

vnf; jzpfEdkifw,f [k rSwfcsufay;ajymqdk onf?

atmuf w d k b m 5=2011='D A G D b D

Zm*em ajymaom vTwfawmftrwf&UJ tdkifusLsL

atmuf w d k b m/ 12/ 2011? AG D t d k a t

xde;f odr;f cHxm;&muae jyefvw

G v
f m_y;D r
-umcifrSmyJ AGDtdkatudk Zm*emajymwJh aemufqHk;
[mo uawmh

Ed k i f i H a usmf [moynm&S i f ud k Z m*em

tdik ;f pwdik ;f eJ@ vl 4 a,mufe@J awG@w,f?

awG@wJhtcgusawmh wpfa,mufu pajymw,f? [m
tdik ;f pwdik ;f a&/ usaemfuawmh usaemf&h @J tdik u
f sLu
180 &Sw
d ,fAsw?hJ tJ'h aD wmh tdik ;f pwdik ;f u vufqEJG w
+ f
quf_yD; aumif;yg_yDrdwfaqG/ cifAsm;eJ@ usaemfawmh
uGrfwefzdqpf(Quantum Physics) ta-umif;
usaemfw@kd aqG;aEG;-uwm aygw
h ?hJ
aemufwpfa,mufu usaemfuawmh
tdkifusL 150 yJ&Sdw,f tdkif;pwdkif;qdkawmh/ [m
aumif;_yAD sm wJ/h cifAsm;eJ@ usaemfw@kd aemufq;kH ay: ocFsm
oDt&kd aD wG aqG;aEG;-uwmaygw
h ?hJ aemuf wpfa,muf
xyfajymw,f? usaemfuawmh 120 yJ &Sdw,fAs wJh?
[m cifAsm;eJ@ usaemfeJ@ &kyf&Sifta-umif; aqG;aEG;
r,fw?hJ aemufq;kH vlusawmh xajymw,f? rsuEf mS av;
u ysufvdk? tdkif;pwdkif;a&wJh/ usaemfuawmh tdkifusL
50 yJ &Sdw,fAsm;wJh? [m 0rf;omoGm;w,f tdkif;p
wdkif; u? tqifajyvdkufwmAsm/ cifAsm; v$wfawmf
xJrSm bmawG wifjycJhovJwJh tJ'guawmh
atmufwb
kd m 12 &uf/ Ak'[
< ;l ae@rmS jrpf}u;D em;axmif
u jyefvnfvw
G af jrmufvmwJh Edik if aH usmf vl&i$ af wmf
udZk m*em u &efuek rf mS &Sw
d hJ ol@aetdru
f kd jyefa&muf_yD;
r-umcifrmS yJ AGt
D akd t jrefrmydik ;f udk ajymjycJw
h J aemufq;kH
[mo wpfcjk zpfygw,f?

tusOf ; axmif
h r S jyef v G w f v maom ud k Z m*em
Yang0n Press International u axmifu ylyl
aEG;aEG;vGwfp OD;Zm*emeJ@ tifwmAsL;xm;wmyg?
OD;Zm*em&J@ tajzrSmygwhJ jrefrmw&m;pD&ifa&;pepfukd
&+awmfr-l uyguek ?f
YPS?
? OD;Zm*emudk bmvd@k vw
$ af y;vdu
k w
f mvJ?
ajz ?
? tJ'gawmh OD;odef;pdef oGm;ar;rS odr,f?
u|eaf wmfvnf; b,fvv
kd yk f odrvJ? rxl;qef;vSygb;l /
u|eaf wmhu
f kd axmifcsuwnf;u csrw
S w
f hJ yk'rf awGukd
ajym&if &,fp&m}uD;/ [mo taeeJ@ ajym&&if Oyrm
u|efawmhudk csawmh AGD'D,dktuf qdkwmygw,f? tJh'D
AGD'D,dktufu bmvdk@ 3 ESpfcsvnf;vdk@ u|efawmfar;
awmh em*pfrek w
f ikd ;f "gwyf ykH gv@kd w/hJ rkew
f ikd ;f wdu
k f aewm

bmjzpfv@kd v/J qifqm rwifv@kd w/J rke;f wdik ;f wdu

k w
f mudk
qifqm wif&OD;rSmvm;/ u|efawmfajymwm rkefwdkif;
wdu
k w
f hJ tvkyu
f kd c%&yfxm;OD; &du
k u
f ;l a&; oGm;wif
yg&apOD; vd@k ajymvd@k r&bl;av?
aemufwpfr+ 505 (c) u bke;f }u;D qGr;f uyf
vd@k w/hJ bke;f }uD;qGr;f uyfwm bmtjypfvJ tJ bke;f }uD;
awGu vrf;ay: vrf;av#mufw,fwJh/ vrf;av#muf
wmawG u|eaf wmfrodb;l / bke;f }uD;qGr;f uyfwm u|ef
awmf h t jrif q d k u|ef a wmf ' D a e@ Ak ' < b momuae
xGurf ,f/ rGwq
f vifvyk rf ,f/ 'Dawmh 'Dtr+u obm0
rusawmh b l ; ?aemuf tif w meuf y k ' f r tm;vH k ;
tifwmeuf oHk;wJolawGyg/ 'Dtifwmeuf yk'frrSm
u|ef a wmf h u d k trd e f @ cswJ h w&m;ol } uD ; u
tifwmeufqdkwm rodbl;? &,fp&m b,favmuf
aumif;vJqdk cifAsm; rdk;oD;ZGefwdk@ atmif'ifwdk@eJ@
b,f r S m csuf v J qd k a wmh rD ; bd k r S m csuf w ,f v d k @
ajymw,f? pdwq
f ;kd w,f? qdw
k hJ 0ufqu
kd u
f emrnfv@kd
ajymwm/ naerS uGsefawmf rodvdk@ajymrdwmwJh/
uGejf yLwmawmif rudik b
f ;l wJh tJvv
kd u
l trde@f cswm/
uGsefawmfb,fvdk em;vnf&rvJ?
tpdk;&a&S@aeu w&m;&Hk;rSm udkZm*em
&SifhtD;ar;vf ajymwJh thura61@gmail.com
ay;awmh uGsefr ajymwm tD;ar;vfaemf/ *sDar;vf
r[kwfbl;wJh/ tJvdk bmr[kwfwJh tr+awGtwGuf
uG s ef a wmf oH k ; ES p f a usmf ae&wm rsm;awmif
rsm;ao;w,f?
'Dy'k rf awGe@J tD;ar;vf pmwpfapmifukd 15
ESpfeJ@csvdkufwm/ -um;r-um;zl;bl;/ uGsefawmhqD
a&mufvm&if -unf&h rSmayg?h bma-umifh v$wv
f q
J &kd if
'Dvkd ae&wmawmif ydrk sm;ao;?

jynfol@ orRw}uD;yg cifn

Yang0n Press International rS ul ; ,l w if j yonf

we*F a EG

tcuftcJrsm; xdyfwdkuf&ifqdkif&rnf? apwem a0'emjzpfwwfonf? olwpfyg;a-umifh rdrd

t}uHtpnfrsm; ysuw
f wfonf? }uHKawG@ae&aom tcuftcJrsm; csucf si;f ajz&Si;f yg? aESmifah ES;jcif;r&So
d ifyh g? aiG
a-u;uH/ vkyif ef;uHaumif;rnf? olwpfyg;ud,
k _kH y;D v$_J y;D vkyu
f ikd jf cif;xuf t&m&mud,
k w
f ikd v
f yk yf g? trnf twGi;f
t/ O/ o/ [ ygaomolrsm;a-umifh pdwftaESmuft,Suf}uHK&rnf? t&m&m owdESifhaqmif&Guf&rnf?
t&Sed jf rifrh m;pGm aqmif&u
G &f if; taESmuft,Surf sm; }uLH &jcif;a-umifh aESmifah ES;rnf? &if;ES;D olrsm;ESihf pum;rsm;&rnf?
udk,fhudpPr[kwfbJ olwpfyg;udpPtwGuf pdwf&+yf&rnf? trsm;udpP/ tzGJ@tpnf;udpPrsm;twGuf tcsdefukef/
aiGuek cf _H yD; vlrek ;f rsm;aom tvkyrf sm; aqmif&u
G &f rnf? rnfonfh udprP qdk trSm;t,Gi;f r&Sad tmif *&kpu
kd yf g?
,-wm? ? arG;ae@wiG f {nfch ef;oef@&iS ;f a&; vkyyf g? arG;ae@wiG f tdraf &S@cef;udk oef@&iS ;f a&;vkyyf g?

wevFm t&m&m tqifajyrnf? vkyuf ikd of nfuh pd rP sm;rS xl;jcm;aom wd;k wufr&+ rnf? ,ckvyk af eonfh
udpPtvHk;pHkwGif vrf;opfwpfckay:aygufvmum a&S@wdk;aqmif&GufEdkifrnf? yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;rsm; tusKd;
ay;rnf? aiGa-u;OpPmwdk;yGg;jcif;/ uHopfyGifhjcif;rsm;&Sdrnf? wevFmae@/ aom-umae@ arG;aomolrsm;ESifh ywf
ouf_yD; pdwt
f aESmift
h ,Su&f rdS nf? ynmESiyhf wfoufaom uHaumif;rnf? t&m&mtqifajyrnf? pdwaf t;csr;f
rnf? rdwfaumif; aqGaumif;udk taxmuftuljyKI pdwfcsrf;ajrh&rnf? pkaygif;vkyfief; tusKd;ay;rnf? r*Fvm
&Sdaom udpPrsm;/ pdwfcsrf;ajrhzG,f&mrsm;udk yg0ifywfoufulnD&rnf? pdwful;opfrsm; vufawG@ aqmif&Guf
Edik rf nf? c&D;a0;udpP Edik if &H yfjcm;udprP sm; aqmif&u
G t
f usK;d ay;rnf? _cH/ um;/tcef; tvJtvS,u
f pd rP sm; aqmif
&GuftusKd;ay;rnf?
,-wm? ? arG;ae@wGif -umqHa-umf 'gejyKyg? arG;ae@wGif -u,fwHcGefyef;bk&m;wifI vdk&mqENjyKyg?

t*Fg

t&m&mudk owdESifh,SOf_yD; aqmif&Guf&rnf? ayghayghqq rvkyfygESifh? vl,Hkxm;Ir&? aiGa-u;

aysmuf&w
S wfonf? ypPn;f tysut
f pD;rsm;rnf? &if;ES;D aomolrsm;ESihf pum;rsm;&rnf? t&m&m csed q
f _yD;vkyyf g?
tcgwikd ;f ESirhf wlaom aiGuek af ygurf sm;}uHKrnf? vlrsK;d uG/J ujym;/ bmomjcm;ESihf qufpyf_yD;vkyaf om udprP sm;rS
xl;jcm;aom aumif;usK;d rsm;&rnf? pm&Gupf mwrf;udpP rSm;,Gi;f wwfonf? &+y&f y+ af xG;axG;udprP sm;ESihf xdyw
f u
kd f
&ifqdkif&rnf? tvG,fwuluwday;_yD; vkyfonfhudpPwpfcktwGuf ajz&Sif;p&mrsm; ay:rnf? aiGa-u;udpPudk
ueOD;u jywfjywfom;om; ajymqdx
k m;jcif;r&So
d nft
h wGuf rdrrd eS pfemwwfonf? tvdrt
f nmcH&wwfonf?
taysmuft&Srsm;rnf? pGe@f pm;_yD;vkyaf omudprP sm; t&if;tES;D rsm;aom vkyif ef;rsm; rvkyo
f ifh txD;useo
f zG,f
cHpm;ae&rnf?
,-wm ? ?arG;ae@wGif qefvSLyg? arG;ae@wGif ca&yef; bk&m;uyfvSLyg?

Ak'[l;
tcuftcJESpfck wpf_ydKifeufwnf; ajz&Sif;Edkifrnf? vkyfief;t}uHtpnfrsm; -uef@-umaESmifhaES;_yD;rS
tqifajyrnf? &if;ES;D aomolrsm;ESihf pum;rsm;&wwfonf? c&D;udpP pDpOfxm;onfrsm; aESmifah ES;_y;D rS tqifajyrnf?
p&dkufobm0 jcm;em;aomolrsm;ESifh yl;wGJvkyfudkif&jcif;rsm;&Sdrnf? tr+tcif; jy\emrsm;udk vdkufvH
ajz&Sif;ay;&jcif;}uHKrnf? aiGvufvGefwwfonf? oHa,mZOf&Sdolrsm;ESifh cGJcGg&rnf? taumif;tqdk; a&maxG;
aeonf? tcuftcJ taESmuft,Sufrsm; uif;pifI tqifajyjcif; &Sdvifhupm; jy\emtenf;i,f
}uHKaeqJjzpfonf? ukefusp&mrsm; wpfrsKd;_yD;wpfrsKd; Z,fqufovdk ay:aygufrnf? udk,fa&;udk,fwmudpPrsm;
OD;pm;ay;Ir&? olwpfyg;vG,fvifhwul aqmif&GufEdkifonfhudpPrsm; rdrdvkyfaqmifI aESmifhaES;-uef@-umrnf?
,mOfpnf;urf;/ vrf;pnf;urf;ESifh ywfoufI aiGukefrnf?
,-wm ? ? arG;aewGif vrkef@pm;yg? arG;ae@wGif pHy,fyef;uyfvSLyg?

&m[k

pdwfcsrf;ajrh&rnf? tcuftcJ uif;pifI tvkd&Sd&m jynfhpHkrnf? rar#mfvifhbJ tajymif;tvJESifh

c&D;udpPrsm;}uHKrnf? rlv}udKwifpDpOfxm;jcif;r&SdbJ vkyfudkifr+ESifh wdk;wufjcif;rsm;}uHKrnf? 528=1500 arwWm
ESprf sK;d pvH;k aumif;onf? pdww
f iG af y:vmaom udprP sm;udk vufawG@aqmif&u
G yf g? qH;k jzwfxm;_yD;aom udprP sm;
aemufrwGef@bJ a&S@wdk;aqmif&Guf tqifajyrnf? ynma&; uHaumif;rnf? aumif;aomtajymif;tvJESifh
wdk;wufrnf? tcuftcJrsm; ausmfv$m;Edkifrnf? rdrdtay: tusKd;ay;aom olrsm;ESifhawG@rnf? wpfydkif;wpfp
&yfwef@xm;aom udpPrsm; t_yD;owfatmifaqmif&GufEdkifvdrfhrnf? aiGa-u;udpP/ tvkyfudpPrsm;wGif e*dkrlv
pDru
H ed ;f csxm;onft
h wdik ;f vkyI
f r&? &kww
f &uf ajymif;vJvmonfh tajymif;tvJrsm;ESihf tH0ifciG u
f s csed u
f u
kd f
_yD;rS aqmif&Gufyg?
,-wm ? ? arG;ae@naeydkif;wGif a&$&ifat;'gejyKyg? arG;ae@naeydkif;wGif a&cGufta[mif;rsm;pGef@ypfyg?

Mumoyaw; xl;jcm;aomuH tcGifhtvrf;rsm; ay:xGufrnf? &eftwdkuftcHrsm;tm;vHk;udk

ausmfv$m;_yD; wdk;wufr+ tqifhqifh&&Sdrnf? vrf;opfxGif_yD; xdk;azgufaqmif&GufEdkifaom umvjzpfonf?
ay:ayguv
f maom wpf}udrw
f pfcgrS rawG@z;l olrsm;u rdrt
d m; 'kuaQ y;jcif;cH&wwfonf? vG,v
f ifw
h ul&onf/
jzpf o nf [ l I r&S d ? ol w pf y g;tay: tjypf w if I r&yg? ud k , f w d k i f . aygh a vsmh r + a -umif h rjzpf o if h a om
trSm;rsm;}uHKrnf? tdrfwGif;a&;/ rdom;pka&;rsm;wGif pdwfwdkif;rusp&m&Sdrnf? ydyuQrsm; &Sdrnf? rdrdu
taumif;vkyfI &aomudef;qdkufaeonf? wwfEdkifor# udk,fhudpPr[kwfu vufa&Smifyg? tvkyfpD;yGg;rsm;
tcsdefay;I aqmif&Gufyg? olwpfyg;tay: t}uHray;&?
,-wm ? ? arG;ae@wiG f yJaygirf ek @f vSLyg? arG;ae@wiG f yef;tjzLwpfyiG hf zefcu
G w
f iG af &cHI vd&k mqENjyKyg?

aomMum

pum;rsm;&rnf? ajz&Sif;&rnf? ydyuQrsm; wpfrsKd;_yD;wpfrsKd;}uHKrnf? aiGa-u;ESifh vlr+a&;

a&maxG;rdI pdwf&+yf&udef;}uHKrnf? &eftaESmuft,Sufwpfck rajz&Sif;EdkifrD aemufwpfrsKd;xyfjzpfrnf? -umo
yaw;ae@/ Ak'<[l;ae@/ t*F gae@arG;olrsm;ESifh qufpyfI wdk;wufr+&rnf? vkyfief;cGifrSolrsm; ypfpmwdkifpm owd
&Sd&rnf? &efykef;taESmuft,Sufrsm;&Sdrnf? at;at;csrf;csrf;ESifh tvkd&Sd&mjynfhpHkrnf? aiGa-u; OpPmuH
aumif;rnf? rdom;pkEiS yhf wfoufaom pdwcf sr;f ajrhz,
G &f m owif;aumif;rsm;-um;od&rnf? rdrt
d ay: taxmuf
tuljyKaomolrsm;ESihf awG@rnf? pkaygi;f vkyif ef; tusK;d ay;rnf? ysK&d ,
G o
f rl sm; arwWma&; uHaumif;rnf? c&D;udpP
rsm; tqifajyrnf? jynfyc&D; uHyGifhrnf? ynma&;udpPrsm; aqmif&Gufatmifjrifrnf?
,-wm ? ? arG;ae@wGif opfoD;'gejyKyg? arG;ae@wGif opPmyef;bk&m;wifyg?

pae

tbufbufrSaumif;onf? vlrsKd;uGJ tusKd;ay;rnf? umvtwef-um rdrdu &oifhv#uf

wpfvGJwpfacsmf jzpfaeonfh tvkyfpD;yGg;rsm; tqifajypGm aqmif&GufEdkifI tqifhqifh wdk;wufrnf? rdrdtay:
xdyfwdkuf&ifqdkif,SOf_ydKifvmolrsm; cgwdkif;xuf ydkrsm;rnf? pD;yGg;wdk;wuf&ef tcGifhaumif;rsm; ay:xGufrnf?
wpfyg;olay;aom t}uHOm%frsm;udk vufcHtoHk;csI tqifajywdk;wufrnf? atmifjrifjcif;/ tqifajyjcif;/
wdk;wufjcif;rsm;&&Sdrnf? t_ydKiftqdkifrsm;rnf? tcuftcJrsm; xdyfwdkufajz&Sif;&rnf? tcuftcJESifh 'kuQ
awG @ aeol r sm;tm; taxmuf t ul a y;&wwf o nf ? tysuf t pD ; taysmuf t &S r sm;rnf ? ,S O f _ yd k i f
vmaomolrsm;tm; tEdik af y;vdu
k yf g? olwpfyg;vkyaf omudprP sm;tm; vufa&Smifvu
kd yf g? rdrw
d iG f rsm;pGmaom
pdwful;aumif;rsm; &Sdonfudk rarhoifh?
,-wm ? ? arG;ae@wiG f 'decf sOaf omufo;kH yg? arG;ae@wiG f tdr&f b
dS &k m;pifwiG f tar$;wdik o
f ;kH wdik f xGe;f !dyS al Zmfyg?

2011=ck E S p f / atmuf w d k b mvwG i f pwif x k w f a 0onf

oif , H k - unf & onf h owif ; *sme,f

pmrsuf E S m =7

twG J = 1/ trS w f = 1

tvkyof rm;*sme,f

,m,DywfpydjkY zifh vma&mufMuaom

jrefrmtvkyo
f rm;rsm;ESifh tifwmAsL;

wpf a ,muf PMPuk r ` % D ud k , f p m;vS , f

udk{&mcsdefarmifwdk@ vuf rSwfa&;xdk; -uygw,f?
ar; ?
H u
J kd a&mufvmwJh tcg tajc
? xdik ;f Edik if x
taeu b,fvdkvJ?
ajz ?
? xdkif;bufudka&mufwmeJ@ usaemfwdk@
ywfpydk@ pmtkyfudk udkifcGifhr&vdkufawmhbl;? udkol&
atmifu xdik ;f bufu PMPusaemfw@kd a&mufa&muf
jcif; vmtdke,fpyf acgifuJefudk ydk@ay;cJhw,f? tJ'DrSm
aq;ppf_yD;awmh work permit(tvkyv
f yk cf iG )hf vkyf
r&wma-umifh befaumufudk jyefvmcJh&w,f? bef
aumufu wpfqifh sadao qm"[dkudk a&mufae
wmyg? aemuf txyfom; puf&Hkwpfckudk usaemfwdk@
21 &uf vkyfcJh-uygw,f?
tvkyf&Hku work permit vkyfray; bl;vdk@
ajymwma-umifh usaemfwdk@u yGJpm;awGudk zkef;quf
ygw,f? yGpJ m;awGu zke;f rudik b
f ;l ? usaemfw@kd tm;vH;k
wkdifyif_yD;awmh yGJpm;awG vmatmifqdk_yD; tvkyfwpf
&uf rvkyyf J em;vdu
k -f uygw,f? 'ga-umifh tvky&f u
kH
usaemfw@kd ukd tvkyu
f xkwyf pfvu
kd yf g w,f? 'DawmhrS
yGJpm;awGvnf; a&mufvmygw,f?

puf w if b m 22=2011=jrwf n d K (tvG w f o wif ; axmuf )

xdik ;f eJ@ jrefrmESpEf ikd if H tpd;k &wd@k t-um; w&m;0if

tvkyo
f rm;wify@kd whJ tpDtpOf pwifaeayr,fh jrefrm
tvkyform;awG twGufawmh tcuftcJawG _yD;qHk;
oGm;wm rawG@&ygb;l ? txl;ojzifh aumhaomif;uae
&aemif;bufodk@ tydk@cH&wJh tvkyform;awG txJrSm
tcuftcJ trsK;d rsK;d }uHKae&olawG &Sad eygw,f? yGpJ m;
awG&@J ra&r&m pum;awGukd ,H_k yD; rvkycf siw
f hJ tvkyf
awG vkyf&wJhtjyif vkyftm;cudkvnf;yJ acgif;yHkjzwf
cH&ygw,f? tqd;k qH;k u rdr&d @J ,m,DEikd if u
H ;l vufrw
S f
udak wmif odr;f qnf;cHae&wmtjzpfawG }uKH ae&wmyg?
'DtxJrSm &ckdifjynfe,f &rf;_AJ_rdK@e,fuae xdkif;
Edik if aH &mufvmwJh touf 20 ausmv
f il ,f 6 a,muf
vnf; yg0ifygw,f? olw@kd txJu udak Zmfvif;atmif
udk tvGwfowif;axmuf jrwfndKu qufoG,f ar;
jref;xm;ygw,f?
ar;?
? jynfyudk xGufvmzdk@ twGuf jynfwGif;
rSm bmawGvyk af qmifc&hJ vJ?
ajz ?
? yxrOD;qH;k usaemfw@kd a*sm'efukd oGm;&
r,f qdk_yD; &rf;_AJu OD;yZif;wpfyg;udk usyfaiG oHk;odef;
t&ifay;&ygw,f? &efuek w
f marGu OD;yZif;&J@ trjzpf
olxo
H @kd usaemfw@kd ukd yd@k vu
kd yf gw,f? &efuek rf mS ywfp
yd@k av#mufxm;_yD;awmh usaemfw@kd ukd armfwm tyfcsKyf

pufukd 15 &ufavmuf oifc&hJ ygw,f? _yD;awmh &ckid u

f kd
oH;k vavmuf jyefaecJ&h ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@ apmifhaecsdefrSm a*smf'efudk roGm;&
awmhb;l wJ?h xdik ;f udk oGm;&r,fv@kd ajymw,f? &rf;_AJrmS
ay;xm;wJh ydu
k q
f u
H kd jyefay;zd@k qw
kd mvnf; rjzpfEikd af wmh
wma-umifh usaemfwdk@vnf; xdkif;udkvmr,fqdkawmh
ydu
k q
f EH pS o
f ed ;f cGJ xyfay;&OD;r,fv@kd &efuek u
f yGpJ m;ru
ajymygw,f? usaemfw@kd u aps;jyef!aSd wmh aemufq;kH rSm
wpfoed ;f cGJ xyfay;vdu
k &f ygw,f? &efuek u
f kd ud,
k phf &dwf
eJ@u,
kd f vmcJ-h uwmyg? &efuek rf mS 45 &ufavmuf ae
_yD;awmh aumhaomif;udk ydk@vdkufygw,f?
ar; ?
? aumhaomif;udk a&mufwJhtcgrSm bm
tpDtpOfawG vkyf-u&vJ?
ajz ?
? aumhaomif;_rKd @ a&$jynfom&yfuu
G f q&m
pHvrf;rSm&SdwJh taqmifwpfckrSm usaemfwdk@udkxm;yg
w,f? trsK;d orD;awGvnf; tJ't
D aqmifrmS &Syd gw,f?
vlawGvnf;rsm;ygw,f? aumhaomif; ud,
k pf m;vS,u
f
xdik ;f Edik if H qHck g_rKd @rmS y&dabm* tacsmvky&f r,f? wpf&uf
udk 220 bwf&r,f/ tcsdefydk wpfem&Dudk bwf 40
&r,fvdk@ ajymygw,f? jrefrmbufu Adkvf}uD;a[mif;
pd;k Edik /f OD;pd;k vGief @J aumhaomif;(jrefrmEdik if u
H ;l vufrw
S f
xkwfay;a&;&Hk;) rve &Hk;u t&m&Sd trsKd;orD;}uD;

xdik ;f wpfEikd if v
H ;kH vkycf bwf 300 &&ef tvkyo
f rm;rsm; qE
qEj y

EdkifiHjcm;tdrfaz: tvkyform;awGtwGuf atmifyGJ

ar; ?
? b,fukr`%DvJ/ yGJpm;emrnf bmwJhvJ
ajymjyyg?
ajz ?
? aumhaomif;rS udk&JaoG;u &aemif;u
udkvSzkef; qDudkv$Jw,f? oluwpfqifh befaumufu
udv
k rS if; qdw
k yhJ pJG m; qDuv
kd yJ$ gw,f? cka&mufaewJh qm
"[du
k yef;&Hq'kd w
f pfcu
k kd vmyd@k xm;ygw,f? usaemf wd@k
udk yGpJ m;u wpf&ufukd 220 &r,f? ae@wikd ;f tcsed yf kd 2
em&D vkyf&r,f? usaemfwdk@u bwf 300 &r,fqdkvdk@
vkyrf ,fq_kd yD; 'Duv
kd u
kd v
f m-ujyefw,f? vkyif ef;cGiu
f kd
a&mufv@kd vkyif ef;&Sief @J ajym-uwJt
h cg tcsed yf kd ae@wikd ;f
r&Sb
d ;l ?
tvkyv
f yk rf ,hf wlawG/ v$awG tukev
f ;kH
ud,
k yhf u
kd q
f eH @J ud,
k 0f ,f&r,f? a&utp 0,fo;kH &r,f
qdkawmh usaemfwdk@ rvkyfcsifawmhbl;? befaumufu
udv
k rS if; qif;vm_y;D usaemfw@kd rmS &So
d r# pm&Gupf mwrf;
awGukd odr;f ,lomG ;w,f? ,m,Dywfpyd@k pmtkyf vdck sif
&if bwf 12000 ay;&r,f? work permit yg ,l
r,fq&kd if 16000 ay;&r,fv@kd ajymygw,f?
ar; ?
? nDav;wdk@ jynfwGif;rSm aiGtrsm;}uD;
ukefuscH_yD; vmcJhawmh udk,frSef;cJhovdk rjzpfbl;
jzpfaew,fvdk@ usaemfem;vnfw,f? nDav;wdk@vdk
jynfwiG ;f uae_y;D awmh jynfyudk xGucf gG z@kd jyifqifaewJh
vli,fawGukd bmt}uHjyK ajymcsiv
f ?J
ajz ?
? usaemfw@kd vmr,fvyk w
f ek ;f u yGpJ m;awG
u ajymw,f? udk,fhqDrSmvdk ryifyef;bl;? wpfvudk
usyfaiG ESpfodef;cGJ/ oHk;odef;avmuf &w,fvdk@ ajymcJh
w,f? wcsK@d tdraf wGa&mif;_y;D awmh vmcJ-h uwJh olawGyg
w,f? 'DypkH t
H wdik ;f qd&k if usaemfw@kd b,fvkd vky&f rvJ
rodjzpfaew,f? usaemfw@kd 'kuaQ &mufaew,f? aemuf
vlawG rvmyge@J v@kd yJ ajymcsiyf gw,f?

rd w f a qG
,m,D y wf p yd k @ ud p P r sm;ES i f h
ywf o uf I tvd r f t nmrcH & ap&ef
atmuf y gzk e f ; eH y wf r sm;ud k
quf o G , f y g? 02=899=7521
087=555=4184
089=440=9490?
080=599=0266?
085=363=9280

td r f a zmf t vk y f o rm;buf u vd k u f y gaqmif & G u f o nf h a&S @ ae

owif ; ES i f h " gwf y H k ( bD b D p D )

a[mifaumifrmS tdraf z:tvkyf vmvkyf

aewJh zdvpfyikd f rsK;d orD; wpfO;D &Jt
h r+ a[mifaumif w&m;
&H;k wpfcrk mS tEdik &f cJ_h yD;wJah emuf tJ't
D usK;d quft&
a[mifaumifrSm EdkifiHjcm;uae tdrfaz:tjzpf vm
a&muf tvkyv
f yk u
f ikd af e_y;D ta&twGut
f m;jzifh ode;f
eJ@csD ta&twGuf&SdwJh tdrfaz:tvkyforawG tusKd;
aus;Zl; cHpm;&bG,f &Sad eygw,f?
Edik if jH cm;u tdraf z: vmvkyw
f hJ tvkyo
f
rm;awG a[mifaumifrmS t_rJwrf; aexdik cf iG hf av#muf
xm; cGihf ydwyf ifxm;wm[m tajccH Oya'eJ@ rnDb;l vd@k

xdkif;wpfEdkifiHvHk; wpfae@vkyftm;c 300 bwf

befaumuf/ prkwfpmcGef/ yxkrfXmeD/

wpf_ydKifwnf;wdk;ay;&ef A[dkvkyftm;cowfrSwfa&;

ecyxkr/f EGex
f bl&/D prGeyf &muefEiS hf zl;cuf ponfh jynf

aumfrwDu jiif;qdkygu atmufwdkbm 7 &ufae@

e,f (7)cktwGif; vkyftm;crsm; wdk;ay;&ef tqdkjyK

wGif tpd;k & tdraf wmf a&S@wiG f tvkyo

f rm; uGe,
f uf

rnfjzpfa-umif; ,refae@u usif;yonfh vkyftm;c

tzGJ@ toD;oD;u qENjy-urnfjzpfa-umif; xdkif;

owfrSwfa&; aumfrwDodk@ tqdkjyKrnfjzpfonf?

tvkyform;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;aumfrwD 'kwd,

aemufEpS f Zefe0g&v
D 1 &ufrS pI tjcm;jynfe,f (70)

OuUX rpP0v
D ikd 0f rfu ajymqdck ahJ -umif; befaumufy@kd pf

wd@k wiG v
f nf; vkycf 40 &mcdik Ef el ;f wd;k ay;&ef aumfrwDu

owif;pmwGif a&;om;xm;onf?

tqdjk yKrnfjzpfa-umif; 'kOuUXu ajymonf?

oif , H k - unf & onf h owif ; *sme,f

xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H u jyef v m_yD ; AIDSeJ @

aooG m ;wJ h vl a wG oif w d k @ &G m rS m
b,f a vmuf &S d c J h _ yD q d k w m
oif o d y gw,f ?

a[mifaumifrmS Edik if jH cm;uvm_y;D tvkyf

vkyaf ewJh tdraf z: tvkyo
f r 3 ode;f eD;yg; &S_d yD; trsm;
pku zdvpfyikd ef @J tif'ekd ;D &Sm; Edik if aH wGu jzpfygw,f?
tJ'DrSm vuf&Sdpnf;rsOf;awGt& EdkifiHjcm;
om;wpfO;D [m a[mifaumifrmS (7)ESp-f um aexdik _f yD;
&if t_rJwrf;aexdik cf iG hf av#mufxm;Edik cf iG &hf _dS yD; tdraf z:
tvkyforawGudk tJ'Dvdk av#mufcGifhr&Sdatmif uef@
owf xm;ygw,f?

v,f,ma]r Oya'rljurf;
atmufvw
af wmfu twnf]yK

v,f , mvk y f i ef ; cG i f t wG i f ; rS jref r mv,f v k y f o m; ("gwf y H k = AP))

pufwifbm=25=2011tmtufzfat

v,f , majrOya'rl - urf ; 2011

aejynfawmfrmS usi;f yjyKvkyaf ewJh jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf
uae _yD;cJhwJh &ufydkif;twGif;u twnfjyK ay;vdkuf
_yDv@kd v$waf wmf tpnf;ta0; avhvmaeol wpfO;D u
tmtufzfatudk ajymygw,f?
thJ'D v,f,majr Oya'rl-urf;&J@ t"du
tcsuu
f awmh ydik &f iS f v,form; wpfO;D csi;f pD taeeJ@
v,fvkyfydkifcGifh v$Jajymif;ay; ydkifcGifhawG yg&Sdjcif;
jzpfw,fv@kd ajymygw,f?
vkyyf ikd cf iG hf &_y;D &if a-u;wdik ef @J ajrpm&if;udk
oGm;_y;D rSwyf w
kH ifciG hf &Srd ,f? rSwyf w
kH ifciG hf &oGm; _yq
D &kd if
'Dv,f,majrudk olay;csifwJh vludk v$Jajymif;ydkifcGifh

atmuf w d k b m 5=2011=ud k w D ; =&ck d i f h w H c G e f

a[mifaumif w&m;&H;k wpfcu

k qH;k jzwfcyhJ gw,f?

&Srd ,f? aemuf 'gukd b%frmS aygiEf _HS y;D v,f,mtwGuf

vdktyfwJh acs;aiG xkwf,lcGifh &Sdr,f
'DOya'udk trsKd;om; v$wfawmfuae
twnfjyKEdik zf @kd qufvuf wifoiG ;f &OD;rSm jzpfygw,f?
jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf u Oya'rl-urf;udk twnfjyKvdu
k _f yD
jzpfwJhtwGuf trsKd;om; v$wfawmfeJ@ jynfaxmifpk
v$wfawmf wdk@rSmvnf; twnf jyKEdkifvdrfhr,fvdk@
ar#mv
f if&h a-umif; ajymqdak e-uygw,f?
tJ'h D v,f,majr Oya'rl-urf;rSm yg0ifwhJ
tao;pd w f tcsuf t vuf tjynf h t pH k u d k a wmh
tm;vH;k twnfjyKjymef;_y;D wJh tcsed af &mufrS od&EdS ikd rf mS
jzpfygw,f?

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
R
R
awG @ &S d y gu ta-umif ; -um;ay;-uyg
{&m0wDwdkif;/ [oFmw_rdK@e,f/ a'gifhwnf;&GmrS OD;atmif R
R
R ESifh a':cifpef;0if;wdk@.om; touf 22 ESpft&G,f&Sd armifatmif R
ausmf r d k ; (c)&ef u k e f o m; onf bef a umuf _ rd K @teD ; r[mcsKd i f
R ae0dykZGeftvkyf&HkwGif tvkyfvkyfae&mrS ,cktcg tquftoG,f R
R r&&Sdawmhygojzifh awG@&Sdolrsm;u tpfrjzpfol rjrwfpkcdkif xHodk@ R
R quf o G , f ta-umif ; -um;ay;yg&ef tul t nD awmif ; ygonf ? R
085=370=0596
R
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ R
2011=ck E S p f / atmuf w d k b mvwG i f pwif x k w f a 0onf

pmrsuf E S m =12

twG J = 1/ trS w f = 1

tvkyform;*sme,f

TPP PP PP PP P PP P PP P P P PPPPP P P
U
P
P
,m,Dywfpydu
Yk kd aps;EIe;f oufpmG jzifh vkyaf qmifay;aeNyD
P befabefumuf
P
aumuf
/
&aemif
;
toG
m
;tjyef
um;cES
i
f
h
&aemif
;
wG
i
f
xrif
;
wpf
e
yf
a
uG
s
;ygonf
?
/ &aemif; toGm;tjyefum;cESifh &aemif;wGif xrif;weyfauGs;ygonf?
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
POWER LAND \ ,m,DywfpydUk vkyif ef;pOfrsm;rSm
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
W
V
PPP P PPP PPPP PPP PPPPPP PPPPP
Ocean Sun ukr%
` &D ;kH cGJ wpfcu
k kd POWER LAND rdwaf qGrsm;u befaumuf_rdK@wiG f zGiv
hf pS x
f m;_yD;jzpfygonf?

(1) jrefrmtvkyform;rsm; aps;E+ef;oufompGmjzifh ,m,Dywfpydk@&&Sdap&ef txl;&nf&G,fygonf?

(2) rSeu
f ef/ jrefqef/ wdus_yD; pdwcf s&onf?

(3) pm&if;ay;oGif;onfh ae@rSp_yD; &ufaygif;(40)twGif; ywfpydk@&&Sd&ygrnf?

(4) tvkyform;rsm;udk,fwdkif &Hk;odk@vma&mufvkyfudkifygu (4500)bwf ukefusygrnf?

uk,
d w
f ikd f rvma&mufEikd o
f rl sm;twGuf &H;k 0efxrf;rsm;rS 0efaqmifp&dwf oD;jcm;,lI aqmif&u
G af y;ygonf?

(5) xdkif;EdkifiHtwGif; w&m;0ifaexdkif tvkyfvkyfudkifcGifh&Sdaom

pm&Gufpmwrf;tppftrSefrsm;udkom wm0ef,laqmif&Gufay;ygonf?

(6) xdkif;EdkifiHtwGif; rnfonhfae&mrSrqdk u|Ekfyfwdk@xHodk@ qufoG,fvkyfudkifEdkifygonf?

(1) xdkif;EdkifiHtwGif; w&m;0ifaexkdifvkyfudkifcGifh&Sdaom pm&Gufpmwrf;tjynfhtpHkESifhtwl bwfaiG (500) ay;oGif;&ygrnf?

wpfywft-umwGif u|Ekfyfwdk@xHodk@ zkef;qufyg?

(2) jrefrmoH&;Hk rS atmifpm&if;&_yD; 'kw,

d t&pf bwfaiG (2000) ay;oGi;f &rnf jzpfygonf? ay;oGi;f onft
h cg ,m,Dywfpyd@k
av#mufxm;_yD;jzpfa-umif; u'fwpfckxkwfay;ygrnf?
(3) pwifav#mufxm;onfhae@rSpI (4) ywfajrmufwGif &Hk;odk@zkef;qufyg?

(4) usefaiGrsm;tm; ywfpydk@vkyf&ef oGm;rnfhae@wGif um;ay:odk@rwufrSD ay;oGif;&rnfjzpfonf?

(,m,Dywfpydk@ pwifav#mufpOfuwnf;u &&Sdxm;aom aiGoGif;ajypm pm&Gufudk) rdrdvuf0,fodk@ ,m,Dywfpydk@

&&Sd_yD;onftxd odrf;qnf;xm;&ygrnf?

,m,Dywfpydk@ oufwrf;wdk;jcif;/ &ufaygif;(90)wkHk;xkjcif;/ tvkyfvkyfcGifhvufrSwf(Work Parmit) vkyfjcif;udkvnf;

aqmif&Gufay;aeyg_yD?

xd k i f ; bmom/ jref r mbmomjzif h / 087=555=4184/ jref r mbmomjzif h / 089=440=9490/ 080=599=0266/

085=158=8367/ rsm;od k @ tcsd e f r a&G ; quf o G , f E d k i f y gonf ?
&H k ; zk e f ; eH y wf 02=899=7521

&H k ; vd y f p m = trS w f (3144)/ bef c G e f x D , ef (7)/ bef a bmf a ps;teD ; / bef a umuf _ rd K @?

wdkufwGef;E+d;aqmfcsuf
xdkif;ESifhjrefrm tpdk;&wdk@ cGifhjyKcsdeftwGif; w&m;0if aexdkifcGifh (bwf,m,Dywfpydk@)wdk@ udk &&Sdatmif vkyfudkifxm;-uyg?
w&m;0if aexdkif tvkyf vkyfudkifcGifh &&Sd_yD;aemuf xdkif; tvkyform; Oya'yg tvkyform; tcGifhta&;ESifh Oya'.
tumtuG,f rsm;udk &&SdEdkifap&ef xdkif; tvkyform; Oya'udk rjzpfrae avhvmrSwfom;xm; -uyg&ef Ed+;aqmftyfygonf?
xd k @ tjyif ,ck o wif ; pmwG i f xnf h o G i f ; xm;aom ta&;ay: quf o G , f & rnf h zk e f ; eH y wf r sm;ud k v nf ; txl * &k j yKI ul ; ,l
od r f ; qnf ; xm;-uyg&ef wd k u f w G e f ; Ed + ; aqmf t yf y gonf ?
2011=ck E S p f / atmuf w d k b mvwG i f pwif x k w f a 0onf

oif , H k - unf & onf h owif ; *sme,f