Professional Documents
Culture Documents
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
twGJ(8)/ trSwf(7)
uAsm
trSwfw& ylaZmfrdjcif;rsm;
pmrsuf E S m - 3 od k @
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrma&$ a
h jymif;= odap
a-umif;
pmrsuf E S m - 5-6 od k @
xufjruf_yD; rSwfOm%faumif;zdk h
bmawG pm;-urvJ
pmrsuf E S m - 18-19 od k @
umwGef;
pmrsuf E S m (30)od k @
Edi
k i
f a
H &;tusOf;om; v$w&
f ef tdE,
Nd trwf 100 ausmf awmif;qdk
(pufwifbmv 6 &uf 2011)
jrefrmEdkifiH tusOf;axmiftoD;oD;&Sd EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;
2000 ausmfudk csufcsif;v$wfay;&ef orRw OD;odef;pdef OD;aqmif
onfh jrefrmtpd;k &udk tdE,
Nd ygvrD efvw
$ af wmf trwf 100 ausmu
f
,ae@ awmif;qdv
k u
kd o
f nf? v$waf wmftrwf 100 ausmyf g0ifonfh
jrefrmh 'Drdkua&pDa&;twGuf tdENd,v$wfawmftrwfrsm;tzGJ@
(IPFDB)u ,ae@naeydi
k ;f u tdE,
Nd +rdKawmf e,l;a'vDwiG f owif;
pm&Sif; vif;yGJw&yfusif;y+yD; EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;udk csufcsif;
v$waf y;&ef vufrw
S x
f ;dk awmif;qdv
k u
kd jf cif;jzpfonf? v$waf wmf
trwfrsm;u 4if;wdk@pkaygif;vufrSwfxdk;xm;aom pmudkvnf;
orRw OD;ode;f pdex
f H trsL;d om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzG@J csLyf rSwqifh yd@k aqmif
rnf[k od&onf? tdEdN, ygvDrefwGif txuf v$wfawmfESifh
atmufvw
$ af wmf trwf pkpak ygi;f 500 ausm&f o
dS nft
h euf tEdik f
&ygwD trwfESifh twdkuftcHyg wDrsm;rS trwfaygif; 100 ausmfu ,ckuJhodk@ vufrSwfa&;xdk;awmif;qdkjcif;jzpfonf? ,ckvufrSwfa&;
xk;d olrsm;wGif 0g&ift
h rwfrsm;ESihf 0ef}uD;a[mif;wcsLd tygt0if txifu& v$waf wmftrwf tcsKd vnf; yg0ifa=umif;od&onf? v$waf wmf
trwfrsm;. ,ckvkyfaqmifcsuf onf tdEdN,tpdk;&. ay:vpDudkvnf; wpHkw&m v$rf;rdk;vmEkdifvdrfhrnf[k jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiH
pmrsuf E S m - 24 od k @
ta0;a&muf nGe@f aygi;f tpd;k & . jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD; a'guw
f mwifah qG u ajymonf?
tar&duef txl;ud,
k p
f m;vS,f rpfcsJvf jrefrmEki
d i
f H yxrqk;H c&D;pOf pwif
(pufwifbmv 6 &uf 2011- 'DAb
GD )D
tar&duefjynfaxmifp&k J jrefrmEkid if q
H idk &f m txl;uk,
d pf m;vS,f 'J&ufcf rpfcsv
J f (Derek Mitchell) 'Dae@ 0g&iS w
f ef'pD D +rdKawmfuae
jrefrmEkid if u
H dk xGucf mG rSm jzpfw,fv@kd tar&duef Ekid if jH cm;a&;Xmeu ajymygw,f? ol@&J c&D;pOf twGi;f rSm tar&duef txl;ud,
k pf m;vS,[
f m
jrefrmtpd;k & t&m&Sad wGtjyif Ekid if aH &;ygwaD wG/ vlrt
_ oif;tzGJ awG tygt0if wjcm; vly*k Kd~ vfawGe@J vnf; awGqkzH @dk &Sw
d ,fv@kd qkyd gw,f?
+yD;cJhwJh =o*kwfv 2 &ufae@rSm tar&duefEkdifiH&J jrefrmEkdifiHqkdif&m rl0g' ndE_dif;a&;rSL;tjyif txl;oHwref tjzpfeJ@ cef@tyfwm cHcJh&wJh
rpPwm 'J&ufcf rpfcsJvf[m jrefrmEkdifiHukd oGm;a&mufzkd@ pufwifbmv 7 &uf/ Ak'<[l;ae@rSm tar&duefEkdifiHuae c&D;pwif xGufcGmrSm
jzpfa=umif; tar&duef Ekid if jH cm;a&; 0ef}uD;Xme&J ta&Sawmiftm&Sa&;&mXme ajymcGi&hf rpfpf u,fvD rufuaJ vmh*f (Kelly McKellogg)
u ajymygw,f? rpPwm rpfcsv
J [
f m Ak'[
< ;l ae@rmS oGm;rSmyg? pufwifbmv 14 &ufae@txd jrefrmEkid if rH mS &Sad eygvrd rhf ,f? ol b,foal wGe@J
b,fae@awGrmS awGqkrH ,f qkw
d mudk aoaocsmcsm rajymEkid af o;ayrJh tzGJ tpnf; toD;oD;eJ@ awGqkzH @dk &Syd gw,f? jrefrmtpk;d & wm0ef&o
dS al wG/
rmjynf
ou
m;rsm;ta&;yl
wGjyif
Jv_yf&
(JACBA
)rS ;vpOf
pmrsuf E S m - 24 od k @
Ekid if jref
aH &;yg
waD wG
yk*Kd~ vfawG;t
vlSmr;r__ avlumf
@trzGwD
J tpnf
; toD
oD;eJ@x
vkw
nffa; 0jzef
awG@csDqkorH nf
mS yg? ?
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
"
pufwifbmv 2011
oif= olwkd u
h kd rarhygeJ h
EGm;tzG@J (etz)&J@ tusO;f om;b0udk cH,al e&wJh wdik ;f &if;om; acgi;f aqmif cGex
f eG ;f OD;/ 88-rsK;d qufausmif; om;acgi;f aqmif udrk if;udek ikd /f
omoemhtmZmenf t&Si*f rB&D wd@k tygt0if rdrw
d @kd wdik ;f jynfe@J vlrsK;d twGuf tusO;f axmif toD;oD;rSm pGe@f vw
$ pf eG @f pm; tepfemcHae=uol pkpak ygi;f
(1998)
(1998)OD; &Syd gw,f? olw@kd axmifxrJ mS ae&wm[m jrefrmEdik if rH mS vlxv
k w
$ v
f yf cGi(hf 0g) 'Dru
dk a&pD&&Szd @kd twGuf wm0eft& aeae=uwmjzpfw,f?
'ga=umifh oif-olw@kd ukd wzufwvrf;u ulnaD y;ygaemf? oif-olw@kd ukd rarhyge@J ? (AAPP . 2-9-2011 rSww
f rf;t&)
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (2)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
trSww
f & ylaZmfrjd cif;rsm;
v pufwifbm
jrwfoC
H mwdk h
arwWmydk@wm a=uuJGp&m?
armifvGrf;%D
xm0&wnfyg {&m0wD
pufwifbmv 2011
oDa&;oD&m = uAsmpmrsufEm
S
trdajrtm;wki
d -f um;jcif;
vlwpfcsdKayhg arar
'DajrrSmae 'Da&aomuf+yD;
'Dajr}uD;udak pmfum;wm? ?
rvHw
k t
hJ a&+cHK vl,rkH hJ pum;oH;k
vl}uD;vlaumif; rsufeSmzHk;awGeJ
tqH;k rowfeidk af tmif rdu
k w
f iG ;f eufae&J? ?
olwdkav
aouG&J iS u
f JG &ifu&JG olawG&J
&ifxJuatmfoH +rHKaewJh'%f&m usdefpmqdkorSs
olwdk
ra=umuf=ubl;arar? ?
oHo&mqdw
k m r&So
d vdk
vkyfcsifovdkvkyf vl&kyfzHk;zd rodovdka&SmifvGJ
olwkd
i&Jvnf;ra=umufb;l arar? ?
vkyfydkifcGifhawG,l r=unfjzLvnf; rajym&JwJholrsm;udk
tkyfpdk;Adkvfus vdkbawGrsm;
olwdk
bk&m;&dkufrSmeJ
0fvu
dk rf mS vnf;ra=umufb;l arar? ?
zdeSdyfcsKyfcs,f aemufuG,fappm;
vltrsm; rsuf&nfeJ
olwdk
pdak jyaew,farar? ?
arar&,f
'DajrrSmae 'Da&aomufolrsm;
ararhorD;om;awGygy?J ?
om;orD;csif;twlwl
olwkd udu
k s rqlb;l vm;? ?
=unfhygOD;arar
jrpf {&m0wD jrefrmjynfaoG;a=um
olwkd avmbtwGuf pDrcH suw
f pfcw
k ?hJ ?
wHwm;xdk;&HkeJ trsm;tusdK;atmf+yD;
trsKd ;=um;rSm y%m,l&aJ o;w,f? ?
arar&,f
aemufuG,frSmawmh xif&mpdkif;+yD; ordkif;wGifjyif
ararh&ifudkazmuf &oavmufoGef,laewm
jrif&wm rcsb
d ;l arar? ?
jynfytm;ukd; ykqdef&dk;qdkwmxuf
jynfzsufolcdk;ukd "g;&dk;urf;aewm
=unfhaeawmhrSmvm; arar
=unfah eawmhrmS vm;
rmCvk v if
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (3)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
rysif;ygESihf
tcsif;vlysif; oifb,ftcsdet
f yf&mu xrSmvJ?
c%uav;qd+k yD; quftyd af ew,f r[kwv
f m;?
c%uav;qd+k yD; qufiu
kd af ew,f r[kwv
f m;?
b,forl qdk ud,
k w
f idk t
f m;xkw&
f if tm;vH;k udk &ekid w
f ,f?
b,forl qdk ud,
k pf w
d o
f ef@pifru
_ kd
ud,
k w
f idk t
f m;xkwf ,l&r,f?
aumif;wJt
h awG;/ aumif;wJph um;/ aumif;wJt
h vkyaf wGe@J
tm;xkw&
f rSmaygh/ oifysif;aevd@k awmh &ekid rf mS r[kwb
f ;l ?
oif[m vltm;vH;k eJ@ rdwaf qGtjzpf aygif;oif;&r,f?
oifrh w
d af qGawGukd aumif;&mvkyzf @kd vnf; wdu
k w
f eG ;f &r,f?
'g[m oifh obm0pdwaf =umifh jzpfz@kd awmh vdw
k ,f?
'g[m oifh todynma=umifjh zpfz@kd vnf; vdw
k mygyJ?
cspfcif=uifemr_vyk &
f yfawG[m
ynwfawmfawGvykd J wefz;dk &Sw
d ,f?
'g[m oifh yifu,
kd pf &du
k jf zpfcrhJ ,fq&
kd if
'g[m oifh bmomw&m;jzpfw,fv@kd qd&
k ayvdrrhf ,f?
'gqdk oifaysmf&i$ rf u
_ kd &+yDaygh?
bmomw&m;rSm tajccHa=umif;&if; av;&yf&w
dS ,f?
yxru oifjh rwfavsmfuefwahJ e&mrSm
&uf&ufa&ma&m vSL'gef;wm jzpfygw,f?
'kw,
d u w&m;ajzmifrh wf rSeu
f efwmyJaygh?
wwd,u vlwidk ;f udk rdwaf qG&if;csm qufqw
H mjzpfygw,f?
pwkwu
oabmxm;jzLpifwm ajzmifrh eS w
f mjzpfw,f?
trSew
f &m;u trSm;tay:rSm atmifycJG eH idk w
f ,f?
raumif;r_ukd a0;a0;a&Smifoifyh gw,f?
oif vlaumif;wpfa,mufjzpfvykd govm;?
'gqdk aumif;wJt
h awG;udo
k m awG;&ygvdrrhf ,f?
aumif;wJph um;udv
k nf; ajymzd@k vdyk gw,f?
rdwa
f qGxH ay;pm
rdwfaqG
oabmxm;uGJvGJr_[m
wcgw&H ESpfvdkzG,f&myg
t+rJ ppfrufjyKp&m rvdt
k yfygb;l
rdwfaqG
oifh&J@tawG;tac:awG
&Sifoef xufjrufaeapzdk@
qef@usifbuftjrif &SdolxH
temcHaoG;&wmawG vJ&Sdw,f
rdwfaqG
'Davmu rSm +idrf;csrf;a&; csdK;iSuf
rysH oef;EdkifawmhrS
rSswjcif; "g;udk xkwfyg
rdwfaqG
wdkufcdkufjcif; ynmudkvJ
a&S@wef;wif vufudkifrxm;eJ@
pufwifbmv 2011
+yD;awmh aumif;wJt
h vkyu
f v
kd nf; vky&
f OD;rSmaygh?
igwd@k tawG;eJ@ igwd@k pum;awG rwln=D ubl;?
igwd@k em;vnf;wmeJ@ igwd@k ,H=k unfwm rwl=ubl;?
igwd@k pdwef @J igwd@k &J@ tvkyaf wG rwln=D ubl;?
igwd@k &J@ 0dnmOfuvnf; wpfrsKd; wpfbmom jzpfaew,f?
okwynmrSm tydt
k v#H&,fv@kd r&Sb
d ;l ?
tvm;wlygyJ u|rf;usifrr_ mS vnf; tydt
k v#H&,fv@kd r&Sb
d ;l ?
todynmudk tojymay;0,fv@kd r&bl;?
todynmu b,fo@l udrk # taESmift
h ,Suf ray;bl;?
todynmu auseyfEpS o
f rd rhf u
_ o
kd m ay;ygw,f?
todynmu pD;yGm;/ OpPmxufomvGerf eG jf rwfygw,f?
oifx
h uferd u
hf solukd oifEiS w
hf ef;wltjzpf oabmxm;yg?
oif E S i f h t qif h t wef ; wl o l u d k oif h x uf t qif h t wef
;jzifo
h t
l jzpf oabmxm;yg?
oif h x uf t qif h t wef ; jrif h o l u d k oif h t }uD ; tuJ t jzpf
oabmxm;yg?
oift
h }uD;tuJukd oift
h m; tkycf sKyfot
l jzpf oabmxm;yg?
pdwaf umif;r&So
d el @J tjiif;tcHrk vkyyf gavESihf
avmb}uD;ole@J tpkzufpyfryg0ifwm aumif;w,f?
avmb}uD;olukd acgif;aqmiftjzpf r,H=k unfoifb
h ;l ?
raumif;r_jzifh ausmf=um;ole@J tquftoG,rf vkyyf gavESi?hf
todOm%fr&So
d el @J b,fupd rP mS rS ryl;aygif;ygavESi?hf
vlru
dk ef @J tjiif;ryGm;wm taumif;qH;k ygyJ?
ao&nf,pfoel @J twl vrf;ray:rSm rav#mufoifb
h ;l ?
pdwaf umif;r&So
d x
l rH S aiGracs; iSm;ygavESi?hf
vdrv
f nfvn
S jhf zm; rkom;ajymwwfoel @J w&m;&H;k udk roGm;yg
avESifh?
rkom;ajymqdo
k rl sm;[m tjypf'%fcaH e&olawG jzpfygw,f?
ol w d k @ trS e f u d k ajymaomf v nf ; b,f o l r #r,H k w m[m
jypf'%fyJaygh?
Nwe Ni
cE WDp w&m;udkvJ
t+rJ &if0,fydkufrxm;eJ@
rdwfaqG
"g;qdkwm
nSOf;yef; owfjzwfjcif;rSmvJ oHk;Edkifovdk
cGJpdwf toufu,fjcif;rSmvJ oHk;Edkifygw,f
rdwfaqG
trdurBmajr udk,fwdkifu
rD;pwzuf a&rSKwfwzuf
rdk;csKyf+yD; aexGufw,f r[kwfvm;
rmCvk v if
bavmh*frS ae@pOfwifaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk
aomif&if;e*g;azh(pf)bkwf (http://www. thaungyinnagar.
facebook) wGifvnf;aumif;/ e*g;aomif&if;wGpfwm (http://
www.nagarthaungyin.twitter) wG i f vnf ; aumif ;
0ifa&mufzwf&_ekdifygonf?
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (4)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
jrefrma&$@ajymif; odapa=umif;
pufwifbmv 2011
Many riddles out of our Burmese triditioral words are for example, as Never
sorroy ever jolly, Health is wealth, and satisfaction is pleasantry. These are
most of our Burmese peoples useful words. Therefor the Authol who writes
this motto is a jolly man and would like to migrant labours to feel the asme with
me.
How to stay in oversea country with happiness? There is very easy arswer. All our migrant
workers must be live within Thailands constitution and thai labour law. The government of thai
land has been declare labour law for migration workers. So, I would like to say you all of migration
workers can get happiness, It you obey according to the rule.
Therefore It you live within rule, you can get many opportunities.
What are they.?
(1) you must keep together stay permit with you wherever you go and It someone police or
other authoritiged man could not annoy.
(2) This is stay permit and not work permit you must go to the hospital and check your blood
and other health. The cost of health testins charges is (1900-)
(3) Then you can do work permit at Mae sot labour office and the charges of workpermit for
one year is (1000-). So, you must do these three kinds of documentaries and you will
sperd (2980-) for one year.
If you have done these cases, what opporunities for you.?
(1) free charges for your health care. If you need something medical treatment for you, you
must sperd only (30-) at hospital and no need to give other charges.
(2) Free charges for pregnancy thealth care and bearing.
(3) You can get free charges for ARU from clinic.
(4) You can gct family planins and other health cares.
Not free charges for medical treatment diseases are below.
(1) Schizophienia.
(2) Multiple drug diseases.
(3) Get insurance cases, example car accident.
(4) Treatment for get bearing.
(5) Plastic surgery.
(6) Surgeries for sex.
(7) Long Term treatment inpatient, over (180) days.
(8) Kidney operation and substitution.
(9) Medicines for treatment of AIDS (Except immunigation mother to baby)
(10)
Surgery for more beautiful and dental imitation.
Reference = Note book of functions and opportunities for migrant workers.
IOM (Internatimal Organigation for migration)
Writer- Mahar Zaw
xdi
k ;f eki
d i
f r
H mS aysmfaysmf&i
$ &
f i
$ f b,fva
kd e-urvJ?
jrefrmpum;yHrk sm;pGmxJwiG f aysmaf ysm&f i$ &f i$ af eaocJ/ a=ueyfv#ipf w
d cf sr;f om/ use;f rmjcif;u csr;f omjcif;/ ponfjzifh rsm;pGm&Syd g.?
pma&;olonf aysmaf ysmaf ewwfol wpfO;D jzpfay&m/ pmzwfol jrefrmjynfom; nDaemif a&$@ajymif;tvkyo
f rm;rsm;udv
k nf; aysmaf pcsiyf g.?
olwpfyg;ekdifiHrSm pD;yGm;vm&Sm=uolrsm;jzpfI pdwfcsrf;om aysmf&$ifpGmjzifh edpP"l0 vkyfudkif=uapvdkygonf? gqdk pdwfcsrf;omatmif
aysmf&$ifatmif b,fvdkae=urvJ? tajzav;uvG,fyg. /Oya'abmiftwGif;rSmaexdkif=uyg// xdkif;EdkifiHtpdk;&u jrefrmtygt0if/
vmtdk/ uarBm'D,m; a&G h ajymif;tvkyform;OyawGjyXmef;xm;ygw,f// tJ'D Oya'ygvdkufem&rJhtcsufawG twdkif;vdkuf emaexdkif
=ur,fqdk&ifjzifh aysmf&$if rSLudkcHpm;&rSmrvGJygbl;vdk hpma&;oluajymcsifygw,f//
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (5)
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
'Dvrkd aexdik b
f ;l qd&k ifjzif/h oift
h wGuf vGwv
f yfr_ qdw
k m&Srd mS r[kwb
f ;l ? a'oqdik &f m tm%mydik af wG&@J zrf;qD;ta&;,ljcif;/ '%faiG
&du
k jf cif;cH&ygvrd rhf ,f// 'ga=umifh 'Dvkd Oya' twGi;f rSmae&if 'Dvt
kd cGit
hf a&;awG&ygw,f//
b,fvdktcGifhta&;awG&rvJ
vlwidk ;f vlwidk ;f [m use;f rma&;eJ@ jynfph b
kH @kd vt
kd yfygw,f? use;f rmrS tvkyv
f yk ef idk rf ,fjzpfygw,f? 'gah =umifh use;f rma&;twGuf
aq;ukobdk@vdktyfwJhtcg/ rdrdaexdkif&ma'o&Sd rdrdusef;rma&; tmrcHu'f vkyfxm;wJh aq;&HkrSm pm&Gufpmwrf;awGjy+yD; bwfaiG 30
ay;um aq;ukocGifh&Sdygw,f?
aeraumif;jzpfwJhtcg aq;&HkrSm aq;ukor_cH,lekdifw,f?
udk,f0efaqmifjcif;/ uav;arG;zGm;jcif;/ arG;zGm;+yD; rdcifESifhuav;apmifha&Smufr_tm; (28)&uf &&Sdonf?
attkdif'Dtufpfa&m*gydk;rul;pufatmif umuG,faq; &&Sdekdifw,f?
rdom;pkpDrHudef;eJ@ tjcm;usef;rma&;qkdif&m apmifha&Smufr_rsm;vnf; &&Sdekdifygw,f?
aq;&Hb
k wf&adS omfvnf; tcrJh ukocGihf r&aoma&m*grsm;
'Dae&mrSm tvkyform;rsm; ydk+yD;&Sif;vif;atmif tcrJh ukocGifhr&aom a&m*grsm;udkvnf; azmfjyvkdufygw,f?
(1) pdwfa0'ema&m*g
(2) rl;,pfaq;pGJolrsm;udk aq;jzwfay;jcif;
(3) Oya'twkdif; avsmfa=u;&&Sdaom xdckdufr_rsm; Oyrm ,mOfwkdufr_
(4) om;orD;&bdk@cufcJI om;orD;&&efukor_cH,ljcif;
(5) udk,ft*F g tpdwftydkif;ajymif;vJjcif;ESifh vdift*F gcGJpdwfjyKjcif;jcif;
(6) ppfaq;jcif;ESifh twdkif;twmwpfcktxd uko&rnfha&m*grsm;
(7) &uf&n
S f aq;&Hw
k iG f &ufaygi;f (180)xufyI
kd ukor_c,
H jl cif;
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
jrifw,f/ 'd@k ow
d ,f/ 'd@k jrifw,faemf
igw@kd tawG; b,favmufrrJG aJG ygh
tcktpd;k &opfqw
kd m ppfabmif;bD0wfb0uae
rde;f rxrD0wfb0udk ajymif;vJypfvu
dk w
f mrSe;f
odwmaygh igv
h &
l m (vlxt
k oH)
pmrsufEmS (6)
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
Difficulty to Victory
A bout a hundred years ago there lived a great
general whose. Name was Napoleon Bonaparte. He was
the leader of the france army;and france was at war with
nearly all the countries around. He wanted very much to
take his soldiers into Rome;but between france and Rome
there are high mountains called the Alps,the tops of which
are covered with snow.
Is It passible to cross the Alps? said Napoleon.
The Man who had been sent to look at the passes over
mountains shook their heads then one of them said, It may
be possible, but.
Let me hear no more,said Nopoleon Forward to Rome.
People laughed at the thought of an army of sixty thousand
men crossing the Alps where there was no road. But
Napoleon waited onty to see that everything was in good
order, and then he gave the order to march.
The long line of soldiers and horses and cannon stretched
for twenty miles. Wnen they came to a steep place where
seemed to be no way to go faether, the trumpets sounded
charge! then every man did his best, and the whole army
moved right onward.
Soon they were safe over the Alps. In four days they were
marching on the plains of Rome.
The man who has made up his mind to win, said Napoleon,
will never say Impossilble!
** La Pyae Tun (New Day School) **
tcuftcJrS atmifyo
JG kd h
vGecf ahJ om ESpaf ygi;f wpf&mcef@u pGr;f &nfowW&d I
dS ausmf
=um;aom ppf A d k v f c sKyf } uD ; wpf a ,muf & S d c J h o nf ? ol @ trnf r S m
eydv
k ,
D b
H ekd mywf jzpfonf? olonf jyifopfeidk if w
H yfrawmf. acgi;f
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
acgif;aqmif
tjynfhtpkHawmh rrSwfrdawmhbl;? usaemf 'kwd,ESpf
ausmif;om;b0wkef;u zwfcJhzl;wJh q&mqef;vGif&J a&$awmif
wuf'\e qkw
d hJ pmtkyx
f u
J ykjH yifav;wpfy'k yf g? wcsKd uvnf;
tJ'gyjHk yifr[kwb
f ;l ? urBmo
h rkid ;f rSm wu,f&cdS w
hJ ,fv@dk vnf; ajym
wm=um;zl; ygw,f? usaemfhpdwfxJrSm tckxd pGJvrf;aeao;vkd@
oli,fcsi;f awG tm;vk;H twGuf usaemfrw
S rf d oavmuf jyef+yD;rSsa0
ay;vkdufygw,f?
wcsdefwkef;u yGefyDtkdifeJ@ [m=uLvmeD,ef qkdwJh +rdK}uD;
ESp+f rdK&Scd w
hJ ,f? wpfae@usawmh tJ'+D rdKESp+f rdKteD;rSm&Sw
d hJ bDZb
l ,
D l
qkdwJh rD;awmifaygufuGJawmhr,fhta&;eJ@ }uHKvmw,f? ajr}uD;
atmufrSm vSnf;pD;aygif; axmifaomif;ru armif;ESifoGm;ovkd
toHawGudk rif;}uD; yDveD D =um;vku
d &f w,f? tJ'+D rdKESp+f rdK[m ESpf
aygif; wpfaxmifrSm wpf}udrf rD;awmifaygufuGJ+yD; ysufpD;&w,f
qkdwmukdvnf; pmxJrSmzwfzl;xm;awmh 'D+rdKESpf+rdKGysuf pD;awmh
r,fqw
dk m rif;}uD;uodaewmayg?h tJ'v
D o
dk v
d u
dk &f wJt
h csed rf mS om
rif;}uD;[m ol@ukd,fol ukd,fvGwf&kH;ajy;cJh&if toufab;uae
vGwfEkdifw,f? 'gayr,fh olxGufajy;oGm;&if wpf+rdKvkH; txdwf
tdra
f xmifjyKr,f pOf;pm;r,fq&
kd if
td r f a xmif j yKr,f pOf ; pm;r,f q d k & if
rvGrJ aoG a&Smif&r,fh tcsuu
f uGmoH;k
uGm/ ygo;kH yg ESihf csmoH;k csmyJ jzpfygw,f?
'D o H k ; yg;ud k rd e f ; uav;u yJ j zpf j zpf /
a,musfm;av;uyJjzpfjzpf rdrdESifhvufwGJ
r,fholrSm ygvm&ifawmh a0;a0;rSa&Smif
=uOf&ef jyqdkxm;ygw,f?
uG m oH k ; uG m
(1) wdik ;f jynfEiS hf vlrsKd ; uGmvSsif (2) t,lbmom uGmvSsif
(3) pdwf"mwfcsif; uGmvSsif wdkyJjzpfygw,f? wdkif;jcm;jynfjcm;
vlrsKd ;jcm;ESihf bmomrwlol bm omjcm;ud,
k rl &d ifawmh ud,
k v
hf rl sKd ;
uk,
d b
hf mom ,Ofaus;r_ukd pGe@f & ygvrd rhf ,f? xdk twl bmomwl
vlrsdK;wl jzpfvifhupm; pdwf"mwf rwl uGmjcm;vSsifvnf; wpfrdk;
atmufrSm 2a,muftwlaezdk rpOf;pm;oifhyg?
ygoH k ; yg
(1)tema&m*gygvmvS s if ( 2)ta=uG ; ygvmvS s if ( 3)tyd k p m;rnf h
(vlyakd wG)ygvmvSsif wdk yJjzpfygw,f? tema&m*gqo
kd nfrmS acwWem
zsm;wmrsdK; r[kwfyJem wm&SnfrsdK;udkqdkvdkygw,f? ta=uG;ygvm
vSsif qdw
k muawmh vufrxyfcifuwnf;u ta=uG;wifae&ifjzifh
tdrfaxmifonfb0 tn$efvlzdk tawmfcJ,Of;oGm;yg+yD? tydkpm;
rnfholygvmvSsif auGs;edkifonfyJxm;OD; pum;ydkvmonfh twGuf
&Si;f &wJjh y\emeJ }uHKawG edik yf gw,f?
csmoH k ; csm
(1)ynma&;csmvSsif (2)pD;yGm;a&;csmvSsif (3)vlr_a&;csm
vSsif wdkyJjzpfygw,f?
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (8)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
usyo
f ed ;f 1000qk}uD;udk arSsm+f yD;/ pdwu
f ;l +yD; *%mef;awGa&G;wmyJ/
aygurf ,fxif&wJh *%ef;awGaygah emf? tJxd;k +yD;&ifvnf; pdwu
f ;l
,Of&wmyJ? b,fvdkoHk;pGJr,f/ vSLr,fponfjzifhaygh? xDzGifhwJhtcg
rSmvnf; ode;f 1000 qkreS ;f +yD; yxr=unfw
h ,f? aemufoed ;f 100
aemuf 50 ponfjzifh tpOfvdkuf wdkufvmvdkufwm aemufqHk;
wGwf&&if awmifrqdk;ygbl;aygh? wGufudef;awGeJ@ wdkufvmvdkuf
wm xDpm&if; vnf;ukeo
f mG ;a&m bmrS rygawmh oGm;jyefawmh
'Dwpfcgqdkovdkb,fqkeJ@awG@r,f AvmrJ eJ@wdk;r,f rajym
edik yf gb;l ? 'Dvykd J rde;f uav;awG tdraf xmifjyKwJt
h cgvnf; xDq}k uD;
rSe;f ovdk tm;vH;k awmh taumif;jrif0g'eJ 'gav;uawmh 'Dvq
kd kd
tqifajyoGm;rSmyg? pdwful;}uDF;awGeJ@aygh? AvmrJeJ@vnf;wdk;
edkifygw,f?
'gt
h jyif tdraf xmifa&;uH aumif;raumif;qdw
k muvnf;
ukov
kd Ef iS v
hf nf; qdik rf ,fxifygw,f? a&S;a&S;u jyKcJw
h u
hJ H uH.t
pufwifbmv 2011
tem*wftwGu}f udKwifcef r
h e
S ;f Edi
k w
f hJ aA'ifqefqefar;cGe;f av;awGyg
i. 'Dr;D udk +idr;f rSmvm; ii. 'Dtwkid ;f xm;cJrh mS vm;
ajz=unfh&atmifaemf 'Dar;cGef;av;
(6) 'Dawmvrf;c&D;udk oiftcsed t
f =um}uD; jzwfoef;vm
awG u d k ajz=unf h w J h tcgrS m ud k , f a &G ; cs,f
vkdufwJh tajzav;awGudkpdwfxJrSm rSwfxm; cJh&wJhtwGuf oifvnf;yifyef;+yD; tem;,lcsifyg+yD? tJ'DtcgrSm
+yD;rS atmufutajzav;awGeJh wdkuf=unfh oif[m
i. t&dyt
f m0go aumif;vGe;f vSwhJ opfyif}uD;atmufrmS
&atmifaemf? tJ'gav; awGu aemif}uHKawG
&h r,fh ud,
k &hf hJ vufwaJG zmfukd cef@reS ;f Edik w
f ,fv@dk em;rvm;
ii. t&Sed t
f [kwjf yif;pGm pD;qif;aewJh a&wHceG af b;rSm em;
oli,fcsi;fwpfa,mufajymzl;wmudk 0vH;k u
jyefwifjyvkduf ygw,f tm;vHk; wdwdusus rSefrrSefrodayr,fh rvm;
iii. ndrfhanmi;fpGma&awG pD;qif;aewJh prf;acsmif;av;
75avmufu awmh wkdufqkdifr_ h&Sdw,fvkd hqdkygw,f? uJh
ab;rSm em;rvm;
pvdkuf=u&atmifaemf
(7) uJtarmajy+yDqdkawmh usefaewJh c&D;ukdquf&
(1) wu,fvkd hoif[mawmeuf}uD;wpfckudk jzwfoef;
+yD;oGm;&awmhr,fqydk gp@kd tJ'aD wm}uD;u om;&Jw&d p>mef awGayg atmif awmtkyf}uD;&Jh tpGefudka&mufwJhtcgrSm oif[m opf
+yD; tifrwefrSvnf; tE W&m,fvnf; aygrsm;vGef;ygw,f? tJ'D vHk;tdrfav;wpfudk awG h&ygvdrfhr,f? tdrf&Sifuoifhudk }udKqdk+yD;
{nfhcHau|;arG;wJhtcg oifb,fvkdt&mudk oHk;aqmifrvJ
tcgrSm oif[m
i. a&at;at;av;wpfcGuf ii. a&cJpdrftcsdK&nf at;
i. wpfa,mufwnf; oGm;rvm;
at;av;wpfcu
G f oif&ahJ &G;cs,rf _ [
h m oif&h &hJ v'fygyJ ? uJ tajz
ii. tazmfwpfa,mufac:oGm;rvm;
iii. tE W&m,fawGudk &Sif;ay;EdkifavmufwJh 'kwf(odk h)"g; av;awGudk=unfh&atmifaemf
vl&,fvdk jh zpfvm=uwJt
h csed rf mS vlom;tm;vH;k [m i,f
wpfckck,loGm;rvm;
(2) 'Dawmtkyf=uD;udkqufvufjzwfoef;vmwJhtcgrSm &G,fpOfrSmawmh rdbawG&Jh t&dyfatmufrSmae+yD; tyltyifui;f
oifh&Jhacgif;ay:rSm iSufawGysHoef;aewmawG h&ygvdrfhr,f tJ'D uif;eJ@ pm;aomufaexdik =f u&ygw,f? 'gayr,fh t&G,af &muf vm
wJhtcsdefrSmawmh udk,fhtm;udk,fudk;+yD;awmh b0udkjzwf oef;=u
iSuf[m
&rSmyg tJ'D b0 qdkwJht&m[m rxifrSwfxm; wmawG vnf;
i. odr;f iSuf ii. pmuav; iii. cdk iv. us;D uef;
G af wG tifrwefraS yg+yD; rm,mrsm;vGe;f wJh
(3) t&S@uq
kd uf+yD; avSsmufvmwJt
h cgrmS oif&h ahJ &S@uae }uHKEdik +f yD; tE &W m,f&efp,
taumif w pf a umif a umif jzwf a jy;oG m ;wmoif a wG @ &ygvd r f h awmtky}f uD;eJ@wyl gw,f? 'Db0c&D;&Sn}f uD;udk jzwfoef;wJh tcgrmS
(1) i. udak &G;&ifawmh oif[mZDZma=umifveG ;f +yD; b,fvdk
r,f? tJ'Dtaumif[m
t&mudrk S pdww
f ikd ;f ruswma=umifh tysKd }uD;/ vlysKd }uD;jzpfEikd yf gw,f?
i. ajrG ii. usm; iii. a=umif iv. ,kef
hJ rd af xmifbufeJ t
h wlwb
l 0c&D; udjk zwf
(4) tJ't
D csed rf mS oifawG v
h u
kd &f wJt
h aumifukd oifu ii. udak &G;&ifawmh oif&t
oef;&rSmyg
i. zrf;xm;rvm; ii. vGwaf y;vdu
k rf mS vm;
iii. ukad &G;&ifawmh oif[mtdraf xmifusc&hJ ifawmif tdrf
(5) oif'Dawmtkyfukd quf+yD;jzwfoef;vmwJhtcg oifh&Jha&SrSm
kd o
hJ /l ud,
k t
hf m;ud,
k u
f ;kd csipf w
d f &So
d jl zpfygw,f?
tr_u
d af wGr;D avmifaewm oifawG &h ygvrd rhf ,f? tJ't
D cgoif[m axmifbufukd rrScD w
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (9)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
pufwifbmv 2011
cspfz,
G p
f um;av;awGajymwwfatmif pum;}uD;(10)rsdK;
jrefrmr_ e,fy,fwGif pum;t&mY u|rf;usifvdrRmI xd
a&mufr_ &Sdap&ef pum;ajymenf; q,frsdK; owfrSwfxm;.? xdk
q,frsdK;rSm- a&ul;nmwif/ aumufyif&dwfvSD;/ a&pD;azmifqef/
td;k wefqefcwf/ qDyw
G u
f snaf yG/ qifa0S@&efa&Smif / awmifo,
l mckw/f
=uufqw
k cf yG yf pf/ a&ppfc&m;/ a&oGm;onho
f iG /f cwfwifarmif;eif;/
qdjk cif;pum; Tq,fyg; [kI jzpfayonf?
1 a&ul;nmwif ajymenf;
2 aumufyif&dwfvSD; ajymenf;
3 a&pD;azmifqefajymenf;
4 tdk;wefqefcwf ajymenf;
5 qDyw
G u
f snaf yG ajymenf;
6 qifa0S@&efa&Smif ajymenf;
7 awmifol ,mckwf ajymenf;
8 =uufqw
k cf yG yf pf ajymenf;
9 a&ppfu&m;ajymenf;
10 cufwifarmif;eif; ajymenf;
11 pum;t*F g (10)yg;
12 udk;um;
a&ul;nmwif ajymenf;
jrpfwpfbufrS tjcm;wpfbufodk@ ul;onhftcg jrpfnm
bufrS pI ul;rSom vd&k mod@k a&mufovdk pum;ajymonhf tcg
vnf; vkd&modk@a&mufatmif txufu wiful;I ajymenf;udk
qdv
k o
kd nf?
aumufyif&dwfvSD; ajymenf;
pyg;&dwfonhftcg wpfEdkifpm aumufyiftcsdKudk vuf
wpfzufjzihf ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif qkyfudkif+yD;rS tjcm;wpfzufu wHpOfjzihf
yif&if;rS &dwfjzwf&ovdk pum;ajymonhftcgvnf; wpfzufvl.
pum; odrf;}uHK; zrf;,l+yD;rS tajctjrpfudk udkifI ajymenf;onf
aumufyif&dwfvSD; ajymenf; jzpfonf?
a&pD;azmifqefajymenf;
tnmqefazmif}uD;onf vdktyforSsudk wifaqmifI
jznf;nif;pGm qefwufojzihf vd&k mc&D;udk a&mufovdk pum;t&m
wGiv
f nf; Oyrm- Oyar,sw@kd jzihf jznf;nif;pGm vd&k ma&mufatmif
ajymjcif; jzpfonf?
tdk;wefqefcwf ajymenf;
xrif;csu&f mwGif oltd;k ESio
fh l qef wef&kH taeawmfxnhf
csurf S El;eyfpmG pm;oH;k &ovdk pum;udk r,kwrf vGeEf iS fh vd&k ma&muf
atmif ajymjcif; jzpfonf?
qDyGwfusnfayG ajymenf;
qDqx
kH w
J iG f ESr;f od@k r[kwf ajryJxnhI
f usnaf yGjzihf txyf
xyf yGwrf S qDxu
G o
f uJo
h @kd ud,
k pfh um; atmifjrifatmif txyf
xyfajymjcif;rsdK;udk ac:onf?
qifa0S@&efa&Smif ajymenf;
qiftvdkufcH&onhftcg vGwf&ma&Smifajy;vSsif qifa0S@
rnhf &efrS vGwfEdkifouJhodk@ pum;t&mwGifvnf; ab;tE W&m,f
jzpfrnhf pum;udk a&SmifvJ$ ajymqdjk cif; jzpfonf?
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (10)
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
qHyifta-umif; odaumif;p&m
1? qHyiftzsm;awG wday;&if qHyif&n
S f
E_e;f jrefapovm;? r[kwyf gb;l ? qHyif tzsm;
wdw/d rwdwd qHyift&Snf wpfvudk vufr
0ufavmuf ydw
k ;kd vmavh&ydS gw,f? aEG&moD
rSm qHyif&n
S Ef e_ ;f ydjk refwwfygw,f? qHyifwd
ay;vdk@ &Snfvmwm r[kwfygbl;? a[mfrkef;
awGa=umifyh g? qHyif wday;jcif;tm;jzifh qHyif
ESpcf jG zpfwm udo
k m z,f&mS ;ay;+yD; qHyifuse;f rm vSyapEdik yf gw,f?
2? pdwzf pd ;D r_u qHyif ydu
k sG waf pEdik o
f vm;? qHyifawG[m
tcsed w
f ikd ;f vdv
k kd uGswaf ewwf+yD; yHrk eS t
f aeeJ@ wpfae@ udk qHyifaygi;f
50rS 120 acsmif;=um; uGswaf vh&ydS gw,f? oifb
h 0twGuf }uD;us,f
wJh ajymif;vJr_awG (Oyrm-tdrfaxmifysdK uGJjcif;/ tvkyfjyKwfjcif;/
cGpJ w
d u
f o
k r_ cH,jl cif;) wd@k a=umift
h vGet
f rif; pdwzf pd ;D r_ cHae&ygu
qHyif ydkuGswfvmEdkifygw,f? qHyifuGswf& jcif;&Jwjcm;ta=umif;
awGuawmh udk,f0efaqmifjcif;eJ@ ydZD0ydk; owfaq;wdk@a=umifhyJ
jzpfygw,f?
3? acgi;f avSsmuf&nfawG ajymif;oH;k ay;&if qHyifyu
kd se;f rm
oefpGrf;vmEdkifovm;? qHyif&SnfawGuawmh acgif;avSsmuf&nf
awGukd 'Dae@ wpfrsKd ;/ aemufae@wpfrsKd ; c%c% ajymif;oH;k wmudk
tm;ray;ygb;l ? oif oH;k aewJh acgi;f avSsm&f nfe@J tqifrajywmawG
(Oyrm-qHyifusG wf jcif;/ aAmufxjcif;)jzpfrS wHqyd f ajymif;oH;k oifyh g
w,f? aAmufx wwfwhJ olq&kd ifvnf; aAmuf aysmufwhJ acgi;f
avSsm&f nfukd wpfywf wpfcg/ ESpyf wf wpfcgavmufawmh ajymif;oH;k
oifyh gw,f? yHrk eS t
f ae eJ@awmh ud,
k ef @J tqifajywJh acgi;f avSsm&f nf
wpfrsKd ;wnf;udo
k m pGpJ JG +rJ+rJ oH;k oifyh gw,f?
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (11)
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
aoG;aA'if
AaoG;ykid &f iS rf sm; .xl;jcm;
csuf aoG;trsdK;tpm;udk vdkufjyD;
vl a wG & J pd w f a epd w f x m;awG u d k
cef@rSef;vdk@vnf; &ygw,f 'Dae@
awmh aoG;tkypf k av;rsKd ;xJu at
aoG;ydkif&Sifrsm;&J pdwfaepdwf xm;
rsm;udk azmfjyay;vdu
k yf gw,f? at
aoG;ydik &f iS rf sm;&J pdwaf epdwf xm;u
awmh atmufygtwdifk ;f yg i,fpOfb0rSmawmh olwyg;udk pOf;pm;
ay;w,fqw
kd m odyrf &Scd b
hJ J ud,
k t
f wGuu
f o
kd m pOf;pm;wwf =uyg
owJh olwyg;udk aemufajymif&wmudv
k J }udKufEpS o
f ufyg owJh
'gayr,hf }uD;jyif;vmwmeJ@ trSs i,fpOfu p&du
k f obm0 rsm;u
wjznf;jznf; ajymufuG,foGm;+yD; olrsm;wumawG tHhtm; oihf
avmuf a tmif at;aq;wnf + id r f w J h o l jzpf v myg w,f w J h
t&G,af &mufvmwJh tcgrmS awmh ud,
k v
f yk &f rnhf t&mtm;vH;k udk
wm0efopd mG vkyu
f ikd w
f wforl sm; jzpfvmygw,f wJh wcgwav
ywf0ef;usif tajctae raumif;wJh tcgrSm pdwfavvGihfwwfyg
w,fwJh topftqef;awGudk prf;oyfvkyfudkifwmxuf usihf
om;&aewJh ywf0ef;usifrSm at;at;csrf;csrf; usif vnf&wmudk
ESpfoufolrsm; jzpf=uygw,f? tvkyfwpfckudk vkyf+yDqdk&ifvnf;
tvsifvdkwmrsdK; r&SdbJ tqihfvdkuf tqihfvdkuf jznf;jznf;csif;
ajz&Sif;wwfwJh pwdkifvfyg oyfoyf&yf&yf aphaphpyfpyfeJ@ tvkyf
wpfcu
k kd +yD;qH;k atmif vkyw
f wforl sm;yg ae@pOfae@wikd ;f vkyaf e=u
tvkyaf wGuykd J vkyaf ewwfv@kd topftqef;udk r&Sb
d ;l vd@k tajymcH
&wmudv
k nf; cH&wwfygw,f? 'gt
h jyif b,fvkd tajctaersKd ; rqdk
}udKufw,f r}udKufb;l qdw
k hJ tawG;[m jywfom;vGe;f wma=umihf
rmqwfqwfEikd w
f ,f? bk=uw,f qd+k yD; tajymcH&wmrsKd ;vnf; &Sd
Edik yf gw,f? ataoG;ydik &f iS rf sm;&J olrsm;eJ@ rwl xl;jcm;csuu
f awmh
wae@wmtwGi;f ay:ayguf &ifqikd &f wJh tvkyf rSeo
f rSsukd pepfwus
aqmif&Gufwwfayr,hf pdwf&_wfvG,fwJh vlrsdK;awGygwJh udk,feJ@
qufqaH ewJh vlawGukd aEG;aEG;axG;axG; qufqw
H wfjyD; olwygukd
aysm&f i$ rf a_ y;csi=f uolrsm; jzpfygw,f? wcgwavrSmawmh olrsm;udk
r,H k r =unf jzpf w wf v d k @ ud k , h f t a=umif ; awG u d k b,f o l @ ud k r S
rajymbJvnf; aewwfygowJh 'Dvdk r,Hk=unfwwfwJh oabm
xm;a=umihf vlawGeJ@ qufqHwJhtcgrSm uef@vef@um wpfcsyfcs
xm;+yD; qufqw
H wf=uygw,fwhJ 'Dobm0av;uawmh olw@kd &J
raumif;wJh tusiafh v; wpfcyk gwhJ b0&J tESpo
f m&udk wpfae
&mrSmbJ r&SmbJ tm;vyf&ufuv
kd nf; cHrk ifwwfygw,fwhJ tm;
vyfwhJ tcgrmS avSsmufvnf&wmudv
k nf; ESpo
f ufovdk avSsmuf
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (12)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
wwfv@kd ud,
k x
fh uf ti,fawG&J cspcf ifru
_ kd cH&wwfayr,hf vl}uD;
awGqu
D awmh qly}l udr;f armif;wmudk cH&wwfygw,f wcg a'go
xGu+f yDq&kd ifvnf; tjzLtrnf; rcGjJ cm;Edik af vmufatmifygbw
J hJ
a'goajywJh tcgrS tajctaeawGudk jyef&Sif;jy+yD; em;vnfr_udk
,lwwf=uwJh pwdkifvfrsdK;ygwJh trSm;wpfckudk vkyfrdw,f qdk&if
vnf; ud,
k v
f yk w
f hJ trSm;twGuf awmif;yefb@kd 0efrav;ol rsm;
vnf; jzpfygw,f wenf;tm;jzihf twGif;pdwfxm; yGihf vif;ol
rsm; jzpf=uvdk@ txiftvGJcH&wmwdk@ &efndS;wdk@ r&SdwJh aoG;ydkif&Sif
rsm; jzpfygw,f usef&Sdaeao;wJh aoG;trsdK;tpm;rsm; ta=umif;
udkvnf; qufvuf azmfjyoGm;ygrnf
O aoG;ydik &f iS rf sm; 'Dwpfcg tdak oG;ydik &f iS rf sm; ta=umif;
wifjyoGm;rSmjzpfygw,f tdak oG;ydik &f iS rf sm;uawmh p&du
k o
f bm0
u xl;jcm;yg w,f tdkaoG;ydkif&Sifrsm;uawmh tdrfrSmawmh
jy\em&Smwwf=uayr,hf oli,fcsif;awGeJ@qdk&ifawmh oli,f
csif;awGudk =unhf&_ apmihfa&Smufwwf+yD; vlwumeJ@ vdkufavsm
nDaxGatmif aewwf olrsm;jzpf=uygw,f t&mtm;vHk;udk
wufwuf=uG=uGeJ@ yg0if aqmif&Gufwwfolrsm; jzpf=uygw,f
tvkyt
f m;vH;k udv
k nf; ud,
k t
fh vkyv
f @kd owfrw
S +f yD; }udK;}udK;pm;pm;
aqmif & G u f w wf = u ol r sm; jzpf y gw,f vk y f i ef ; cG i f u d k
a&muf+yDq&kd ifvnf; olwyg;udk pmemaxmufxm;wwf=uygowJh
tem*wftwGuf &nfrSef;csuf wpfck &SdjyDqdk&if wpdkufrwfrwfeJ@
vkyfudkifwwfayr,hf arSsmfvihfcsuf r&Sdbl;vdk@ xifrd+yDqdk&ifawmh
tpGJtvrf; wpfckrSrxm;bJ vufavSsmh ypfwJh tusihfav;rsm;
vnf; &Syd gw,fwhJ tvkyw
f pfcu
k kd vkyu
f ikd f Edik pf rG ;f jrihrf m;ovdk
tajctae tvdkuf pdwfpkpnf;r_vnf; aumif; rGefygowJh
&v'fub
kd J OD;pm;ay;olrsm;vd@k vnf; qdEk ikd yf gowJh tvkyw
f pfcu
k kd
vkyaf wmhr,fq&kd if plan t&ifcs+yD;rS vkyu
f ikd af vh vnf; &Syd gowJh
ud,
k fh pwdik v
f ef @J ukd aewwforl sm;jzpfovdk ud,
k yf ikd f tawG;tac:
rsm;ud k yd k i f q d k i f o l r sm;vnf ; jzpf y gw,f 'D v d k p&d k u f a wG u d k
ydkifqdkifxm;olawG jzpfwmrdk@ tEkynmavmuudk ajccsr,fqdk&if
vnf; atmifjrifEdkifwJholrsm; jzpfygw,fwJh 'gayr,hf udk,f&J
tawG;tjrifuom trSejf zpfw,fqw
kd hJ ,H=k unfr_ jyif;xefcsi;f u
wjcm;olrsm;&J ,Hk=unfr_udk vpfvSsL&_ovdk jzpfaewwfygw,f
tyef;ajzwmwkd@ 0goemudk taumiftxnf azmfwmwdk@udkawmh
odyfrESpfoufvSygbl; tdkaoG;ydkif&Sifrsm;u vufawG@usus
vkyu
f ikd &f wmudk ESpo
f uf=uolrsm;vnf; jzpfyg w,f wcgwav
rSmawmh Romantic qefwmav;awGuv
kd nf; }udKufEpS o
f uf=u
ygw,fwhJ tdak oG;ydik &f iS rf sm;&J xl;jcm;csuf uawmh ud,
k t
fh wGuf
ta&;}uD;wJh t&mawGtwGuf trsm;}uD; onf;cHwwfayr,hf
a&&Snfawmh onf;rcHEdkifygbl;wJh vlawGeJ@ qufqHwJh tcgrSm
,H=k unfr_ &S&d edS @J qufqw
H wf+yD; ud,
k x
fh uf tm; enf;ole@J qufqw
H hJ
tcgrmS awmh aEG;aEG;axG;axG; oabmxm; }uD;}uD;eJ@ qufqw
H wf
=uygowJh +ydKifcsifwJh pdwf"mwf jyif;xefvdk@ wcgwavrSm
rvdt
k yfbJ pdwq
f if;&J&wmrsKd ;vnf; &Syd gw,f tdak oG;ydik &f iS rf sm;u
wcgwavrSm pum;enf;+yD; at;at;aq;aq; wpfa,mufwnf;
awG;ac:ae&wmudk }udKufEpS o
f uf=uygowJh wpfa,mufa,muf
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (13)
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
touf 30 rwdi
k cf if vlwi
dk ;f zwfoifw
h hJ Edi
k i
f w
H um pmtkyf (30)
tifwmeufESifh 0bfqdk'fawGu crf;em;}uD;us,f
oavmuf vlwkdif;ae@pOfb0rSm ae&m 0if,lvm
onf? tifazmf ar;&Si;f awGu azmif;yGveG ;f +yD;/ tGef
vdik ;f ay:rSm pmzwfz@dk / tvkyv
f yk zf @kd / rdwaf qG awGe@J
awG@qzkH @kd tcsed af wG ydak y;vm=u&onf? od@k EiS w
hf ikd f 0bfq'kd f awGu
rsKd;qufwdkif;twGuf urBmvHk;csDav;eufwJh tawG;tjrif &o
aygi;f pHk ay;cJw
h hJ *E 0W ifpmtkyaf wGuakd wmhjzifh z,f &Sm;ypfv@kd r&yg?
atmufrmS urBmyh nm&wemodu
k t
f jzpf wpdwf wydik ;f &nfne$ ;f
Edik rf nfh pmtkypf m&if;udk azmfjyxm;ygonf? touf 30 arG;ae@&uf
rwdik rf D vlwikd ;f zwfoifw
h hJ pmtkyf (30) [k Foreign Policy
*sme,fu n$ef;qdkxm;ygonf?
b0&J tESpo
f m
&ESihf oabmudk vufawG@em;vnfz@kd e@J Om%ftvif;&&Szd @kd twGuf
enf;vrf;&SmazG&mrSm rdru
d ,
dk u
f kd tm;udak &;om y"me usa=umif;
wifjyxm;wJh pmtkyjf zpfonf? qGpv
f rl sK;d *smrefEikd if H om; [mref
[pf ua&;+yD;/ q&myg&*l u od'w
< trnfjzifh jrefrmjyefco
hJ nf?
2. (1984 by George Orwell) 1984 ckEp
S rf mS jzpfvmr,fh tpd;k &
rsm;&J a=umufr,fz,
G f o&kyo
f uefukd pma&; olu 1949 ckEpS rf mS
}udKwifa&;om; owday;cJw
h hJ pmtkyjf zpfonf? vlxek @J Edik if H om;
rsm;tay: trsKd;rsKd; vdrfvnfvSnfhpm; axmufvSrf;a&;vkyfwJh
tm;vH;k od-tpd;k &awG &J tE &W m,f&w
dS hJ tjyK trlp&du
k af wGukd
taumif;qHk; azmfjyEdkifwma=umifh ,ae@wdkif t+rJcsD;usL;=u&wJh
pmtkyjf zpfonf? t*Fvyd f pma&;q&m}uD; a*smaf tmf0v
J rf mS udv
k kd
eDacwf jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f &Jt&m&St
d jzpf tr_xrf;cJ+h yD;/ 1934 ckEpS w
f iG f
emrnfausmf jrefrmjynf ae@&uf rsm; pmtkyu
f kd a&;om;cJo
h nf?
3. (To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee) 1930 jynfh ESpf
tar&duef awmifyikd ;f jynfe,fawGrmS vlrsK;d a&;eJ@ pD;yGm;a&; cGjJ cm;
qufqHcH&wJh tjiif;yGm;zG,f jy\emrsm;udk wifjyxm;onf?
t"rRjyKusiw
hf ,fv@kd pGypf cJG &hJ wJh vlrnf;wpfO;D ESihf t"rRjyKusichf &H ol
vljzLtrsKd;orD;i,fwdk@&J w&m;&Hk;aemufcHtr_ jzpfonf? w&m;
rSswr_twGuf wdu
k yf 0JG if&if; tpGt
J mCwawGukd wdu
k zf suzf @kd }udK;
pm;wJh/ tawG;tac:rsm;pGmay;wJh Zmwfvrf; jzpfonf? 4. (A
Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess) 20 &mpk taumif;qH;k
t*Fvyd f 0wK (100)rSm pm&if; wifc&H wJh pmtkyf jzpf+yD;/ &ky&f iS v
f nf;
&dkuful;cJ@onf? &l;ESrf;wJh vli,f ,Ofaus;r_ tdyfrufqdk; wpfcku
q,fausmfouf vli,fwpfa,mufudk t+rJxdwfvef@ a=umuf&GH
atmif trsK;d rsK;d aESmuf,u
S f r_ay;wJh Zmwfvrf; jzpfonf? touf
r&_Eidk af vmufatmif pdwv
f y_ &f mS ;apwJh Zmwfvrf;jzpf+yD;/ pmzwfol
udk tawG;csJ xGirf _ rsm;pGmay;Edik o
f nf? 5. (For Whom the Bell
Tolls by Ernest Hemingway) r,H k = unf E d k i f a vmuf a tmif
&ufpufwhJ ppfy/JG aojcif;w&m;eJ@ tdik f 'Dtakd vmf*srD sm;tay: tm;
aumif;pGm pOf;pm;awG;ac: wifjyxm;wJh pmtkyjf zpfonf? tar&d
uef pma&;q&m tm;eufpf [Jrif;a0;&J pmtkyfrsm;ESif@ 0wK
1. (Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse)
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (14)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (15)
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
0if h x ef ;
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (16)
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
wa,muf wvuf wtm;qd k w m oG u f v uf w J h j rm; jzpf o vd k xuf j ruf w J h "m;vnf ; jzpf y gw,f ? tJ ' ga=umif h
tajymif;tvJ}uD;udk oifvdkvm;w,fqdk&if oifwwfekdifwJh bufu yg0if0ef;&Hay;ygvdk@ wkduf wGef;yg&ap?
( JACBA))
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (17)
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
xufjruf_yD; rSwO
f m%faumif;zdk h bmawG pm;-urvJ
**Public Health**
Om%fpGrf;xufjrufjcif;qdkwm vlom;wdkif; tvdk&SdwJh pGrf;&nfwpfckygyJ? Om%fpGrf;vdk@ qdk&mrSm
rSwfOm%f (Memory) eJ@ xufjrufr_ (Intelligence) ESpfrsdK;pvHk; yg0ifygw,f? pmoifom; vli,fawG
tygt0if touf t &G , f ra&G ; txl ; ta&;ygvS w ,f qd k w m ajymae p&mawmif rvd k y gbl ; /
Om%faumif;atmif b,fvv
kd yk &f rvJv@kd vmar;wJh vli,fawG/ uav;udk Om%faumif;atmif bmawG
auGs;&rvJ qdkwJh rdbawG c%c% }uHK&ygw,f? c%c% arhwwfvmvdk@ b,fvdk vkyf&rvJvdk@
t}uHvmawmif;wJh rdwaf qGawGvJ &Syd gw,f? 'ga=umifh OD;aESmufOm%f&nf ESprf sKd ;pvH;k udk wd;k jrSiahf y;Edik rf _
t&SdqHk; tpm;taomuf q,frsdK;udk urBmhtm[m& ynm&Sifrsm; okaw oejyKxm;wJh twdkif; pkpnf; azmfjyay;vdkufygw,f?
OD;aESmufOm%f&nf[m rdbrsdK;&dk;ADZ/ ywf0ef;usif taetxm;rsm;&Jh v$rf;rdk;rSK txl;&Sdayr,fh ae@pOf tpm;taomufrsm;[m vlwpf
a,muf&Jh Om%f&nfOm%faoG;rSm twdkif;twm wpfcktxd ta&;ygw,f qdkEdkifvdk@ atmufygtpm;taomufrsm;[m Om%f&nf
avsmhyg;rSKudk umuG,fzdk@ Om%f&nfwdk;wufzdk@ aumif;pGm taxmuftul jyKr,fqkdwm aocsmygw,f?
(1) ig;rsm;Om%faumif;apwJh tpm;taomufawGxrJ mS ig;awG[m xdyw
f ef;u ygygw,f? ig;&Jh tqDawG[m OD;aESmufOmP&f nf
wd;k wufrKS eJ@J vkyif ef;aqmifwmawG twGuf r&Srd jzpf vdt
k yfwhJ DHA eJ@ EPA vd@k ac:wJh tdrk *D go&D; zufw;D tufqpfawG tjynf0h qH;k yg0ifwhJ
tpm;tpm jzpfygw,f? tqDjynf0h wJh ig;awG yHrk eS f pm;ay;&if Om%fprG ;f &nf ydrk kd xufjrufvmapw,f qdw
k mudk umv&Snf prf;oyf
avhvmrSKrsm;pGm jyKvky+f yD; awG@&x
dS m;ygw,f? 'DtpGr;f [m uav;awGrmS om rubJ t&G,o
f ;kH yg; pvH;k rSmyg tmedoif&w
dS m awG@&ygw,f?
tdrk *D go&D; tjynf0h qH;k ig;uawmh q,fvrf eG if g; jzpf+yD; ol@ukd pm;ay;Edik &f if taumif;qH;k qdak yr,fh ig;rSeo
f rSsuawmh yHrk eS pf m;oH;k ay;&if
Om%f&nftwGuf taxmuftul jyKapw,fv@kd qdEk ikd yf gw,f?
(2) OtrsKd ;rsKd ;- OawG[m taumif;qH;k tom;"mwf yif&if;tjzpf todtrSwjf yKxm;ygw,f? 'DtxJrmS rS OtESprf mS udv
k if;
(Choline) vd@k ac:wJh rSwO
f m%fprG ;f tm;qdik &f m tm[m&"mwf jynf0h vd@k uav;awGa&m arhwwfwhJ olawGyg oH;k aqmifay;oifyh gw,f?
'Dae&mrSm wpfck owday;vdw
k mu OtESp[
f m udv
k ufpxa&m jrifrh m;pGm yg0ifv@kd touf 35 ESpt
f xuf vlawG rsm;rsm; rpm;oifo
h vdk
EsLuvD,my&dkwdef;ac: tom;"mwfrsm;eJ@ zGJ@pnf;xm;vdk@ av;zufem trsdK;rsdK; &SdolawGvnf; rsm;rsm; rpm;oifhygbl;?
(3) ajryJEiS hf ajryJaxmywf- ajryJe@J ajryJtESpef @J vkyx
f m;wJh ajryJaxmywf (Peanut Butter) wd@k [m Adu
k w
f mrift;D (Vitamin
f wJh tpmyif&if;rsm; jzpf=uygw,f? Adu
k w
f mrift;D [m jrifrh m;wJh "mwfw;kd qef@usif *k%o
f wWd (Potent Antioxidant Property)
E) =uG,0
&SdwJh tm[m& wpfrsdK; jzpfovdk OD;aESmufeJ@ tm&Hka=umrsm;&J@ tay:,Htv$m tdkrif;ysufpD;jcif;udk xdxda&mufa&muf umuG,fay;
Edkifygw,f? rdom;pkrSm ajryJ(odk@) ajryJaxmywfudk yHkrSefpm;wJh tusifh &Sdwm uav;i,fawG&J@ Om%f&nftwGuf tusdK;jyKygw,f?
Adu
k w
f mrif bD0rf; (Vitamin B1) eJ@ wGzJ ufr,fq&kd if txl;tpGr;f xuf+yD; OD;aESmufprG ;f &nf aumif;rGeaf pum pdw=f unfvifapwJh tmedoif
&Syd gw,f? Adu
k w
f mrifb0D rf; yg0ifwhJ tpm;taomufawGuawmh ESpH m;oD;ESrH sm;/ yJtrsKd ;rsKd ;/ tpdr;f &ifah &mif toD;t&Gurf sm;/ tom;rsm;/
yJyifayguf pwmawG jzpfygw,f?
(4) ESHpm;oD;ESHrsm;- 'DwpfrsdK;uawmh txl;ajymaep&m rvdkygbl;? bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh b,fvlrsdK;yJ jzpfjzpf upD"mwfygwJh
ESpH m;oD;ESH wpfcck k (Oyrm- qef/ *sKH / ajymif;) ponfukd t"dutpm (Staple Food) taeeJ@ ae@pOf pm;ae=uwmrd@k yg? 'gayrJh uav;i,fawG
twGuf=uawmh tm[m&jynfh0pGm pm;&zdk@wifrubJ tqmrvGefatmif pm;&zdk@u txl;ta&;}uD;ygw,f? uav;wpfa,muf&J@
b0rSm Om%f&nfe@J ywfoufwhJ tajccH tusq;kH OD;aESmufz@HG +zdK;rSK[m toufEpS Ef pS t
f wGi;f trsm;qH;k eJ@ t"du jzpfwmrd@k arG;puae
touf ESpfESpfausmftxd c%c% tqmvGef&wJh uav;awG }uD;jyif;vm&if tqmrcH&wJh uav;awGavmuf Om%fraumif;wm
twdtus awG@Eikd yf gw,f? ta=umif;&if;uawmh qef/ aygirf ek @f pwJh upD"mwf jynf0h wJh tpmawGu cE<mud,
k x
f rJ mS *vl;ud@k pf (Glucose)
ac: o=um;"mwfe@J txufrmS qdck w
hJ hJ Adu
k w
f mrif bD0rf;udk t"du ay;Edik w
f hJ tpmawG jzpfaevd@k ygy?J vdt
k yfwhJ yrm%udk jynf0h atmif
yHrk eS pf m;aomufay;zdYk vdt
k yfygw,f/ 'gayrJh t0vGeaf tmif pm;ygv@kd awmh rqdv
k ykd gb;l ? qefe@J *sKH udk E_id ;f ,SO=f unf&h if OD;aESmufOm%f&nf
tm;ay;rSKrSmomru cE<mudk,f zGH@+zdK;}uD;xGm;r_rSmyg *sHKu ydkomw,fvdk@ tm[m&ynm&Sifrsm;u "mwfcGJprf;oyfawG@&Sdxm;=uygw,f?
'ga=umifh usaemfw@kd [m qefukd t"dupm;wJh vlrsKd ;awG jzpfayr,fh &ifaoG;i,fawG&hJ tem*wf ynma&;twGuf taxmuftyHt
h jzpf
aygifrkef@vJ yHkrSefauGs;oifhw,fvdk@ t}uHjyKvdkygw,f?
(5) auGumtkyf- Oats ac: ESHpm;oD;ESHudk auGumtkyftjzpf pm;oHk;=uygw,f? 4if;[m qefawG *sHKawGvdk ESHpm;oD;ESHrsm;xJ
tygt0if jzpfayr,fh xdkt&mawG yHkrSefpm;jzpfw,f qdkwmeJ@yJ auGumtkyfudk vspfvsL&Sk rxm;oifhwJh tcsufawGuawmh OD;aESmuf&Jh
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (18)
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
taumif;qHk; pGrf;aqmif&nf a&mufatmif tm;ay;EdkifwJh Adkufwmrif tD;/ Adkufwmrif bDtkyfpk/ ydkwufpD,rfeJ@ Zifhac: oGyf"mwfwdk@
txl;=uG,0f vSw,f qdw
k hJ tcsuyf gy?J uav;i,fawG ausmif;oGm;cge;D auGumtkyw
f pfcu
G f rSerf eS f aomufo;kH ap&if pmoif,&l mrSm
tm&Hkpl;pdkufr_eJ@ rSwfrdEdkifpGrf; ydkaumif;vmwm awG@&Sd&ygw,f?
100 bwf
300 bwf
100 bwf
(4) jrefrmrGwq
f vifrw
d af qGwpfO;D
100 bwf
(5) OD;wdwEf iS hf a':ar=unf
100 bwf
rnfolrqdk jrefrmjynfom;pmapmifESifh ae@opft v,fwef;
ausmif;/ vrf;opfrv
l wef;ausmif;wd@k twGuf tvSLaiGrsm;/ 0wK/ uAsm/
aqmif;yg; pmrlrsm;/ a0zeft}uHjyKcsurf sm;udk vGwv
f yfpmG aqmif&u
G ef idk yf gonf? rdrw
d @kd
awG @ }uH K &aom tzrf ; tqD ; ES i f h ES d y f p uf c H & r_ ? ted k i f h u sif h c H & r_ owif ; tcsuf
tvufrsm;udkvnf; ay;ydk@ekdifygonf? zkef; omac:vkdufyg?
(Tpmapmifudk vpOfykHrSefxkwfa0ekdifa&;twGuf tvSLaiGrsm; xnfh0if=uyg&ef
yef=um;tyfygonf? Tpmapmifukd vpOfrysuf xkwaf 0cJh onfrmS ,cktcg 6-ESpf 1-v &Syd g+yD?
*k%fxl;aqmifem,u= a':pef;pef;=(MPU)
0dkif;awmfom;rsm;
JACBA
c/o.. PO.Box (70)
Mae Sot, Tak(63110)
Thailand
(befaumuf)/
a'vD,m ausmfo&
l e
d f
E-mail- jacbaburmese@gmail.com
newdayjacba@gmail.com
Blog- jacbaburma.blogspot.com
Ph-
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (19)
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
vl b
h 0vdu
k e
f mzG,f
1? ? todw&m;ay:rlwnf+yD; vl@b0tedrfhtjrifhjzpfvmw,f?
2? ? &d;k om;r_onf wefz;kd }uD;I &Sm;yg;aom t&mjzpfw,f?
3? ? vlwpfa,muf&@J tjrifq
h ;kH wefz;kd onf ,H=k unfpw
d cf s&r_jzpfw,f?
4? ? *k%foduQmudk wefzdk;xm;wJhol[m udk,fajymwJhpum;udk wefzkd;xm;w,f?
5? ? tjypf&I
dS vdyjf ymroef@jcif;[m pGypf rJG nfo
h rl vd?k
6? ? pdwf"mwfwnf+idrf&ifhusufwm[m touf}uD;wmi,fwmESifhrqdkif?
7? ? vdck siaf omt&mwpfcu
k kd &zd@k twGuf xdu
k w
f efaom&if;ES;D r_ wpfcak wmh ay;qyf&r,f?
8? ? tcwftcJqw
kd m r&Scd &hJ if t&nftcsi;f qdw
k m xkwaf z:cGi&hf rdS mS r[kw?f
9? ? 'kuq
Q w
kd m aemifwpfcsed rf mS [mojzpfomG ;rSmyg?
10? ? avmurSm wufoo
d rl sm;+yD; odwufwo
hJ &l mS ;w,f?
11? ? wpfcgraumif;rdwmeJ@ tcgwpf&maumif;cJhwmudk rarhygeJ@?
12? ? ae&mwum cGifhvGwfjcif;onf vlrkdufrSm;udk ajrawmifajrSmufay;jcif;eJ@wlonf?
13? ? onf;cHwufo&l @J a'goudk owdxm;yg?
14? ? ay;qyfjcif;awG odyrf sm;v#if ayguu
f rJG a_ wG jyif;xefwufw,f?
15? ? urBmrSm pdwrf csr;f ajrhq;kH u ynmrJjh cif;yJ?
16? ? urBmrSm tusn;f wefq;kH u wjcm;vl&@J b0udk remvdjk cif;yJ?
17? ? urBmrSm 0rf;enf;p&mtaumif;qHk;u rkom;pum;ajymqdkjcif;yJ?
18? ? urBmrSm tvSq;kH w&m;u t&m&mudk arwWmw&m;xm;jcif;yJ?
19? ? urBmrSm tzd;k wefq;kH u olwpfyg;udk tusK;d aqmif+yD; wke@f jyefaus;Zl; rawmif;qdjk cif;yJ?
(q&mwpfOD;&J@ qHk;rpmudk jyefvnfa0iSygonf?)
** mg vanna **
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGv
J y
+ &
f mS ;r+aumfrwD(JACBA).
(7)ESpjf ynft
h rSww
f &ae w
h i
G f jrefrmjynfom;taygif; atmifpnf
atmifarmif; tvsiftjrefw;D eki
d -f uap&ef }udK;yrf;v+y&
f mS ;-uyg[k
http://www.jacbaburma.blogspot.com
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
JACBA
rdwaf qGrsm;
** The Joke **
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&; yl;wGv
J y_ &
f mS ;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS }uD;=uyfziG v
hf pS o
f nf?
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (21)
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
rdre
d i
dk i
f o
H m;tcsif;csif; apmifa
h &Smufapcsifygonf?
rJ a qmuf + rd K @rS m t
vkyfvkyfae=uwJh vl awGxJ
rSm orD;wdk@ &Gm om;awGvJ
&Sw
d ,f? ol wd@k wawG olw@kd
&Gm udk jyef vmwJt
h cg olw@kd
awG&@J tom; a&mif taoG;
arG;eJ@ 0wfpm; qif,ifykH awG
u &GmrSmae wke;f ueJ@ bmrSrwlawmhb;l ? tpp t&m&m oef@jyef@
vSyaewmyg? orD;wdk@ armifESrvnf; olwdk@awG udktm;usvdk@
rJaqmufrSm tvkyfvkyfzdk@ trdk;eJ@ tyg;udk c%c% ajymw,f?
tyg;u pdwrf cs bl;qdw
k myJ? ajymajymaew,f? olrsm; om;orD;
awGvnf; 'DvdkyJ oGm;vkyfae=uwm w&GmvHk;vnf; ukefawmh
r,fv@kd ajymvku
d f awmhrS yg;yg;u at;yg zd;k rl&,f yg;yg; u eif
wdk@armifESrudk tcspfydk+yD; rcGJ&uf rckdif;&ufvdk@ ay;roGm;wmyg
[,f? eifwdk@vnf; olrsm;vdk oGm;csifvmcsif 0wfcsif pm;csif ay
r,fqw
kd m tyg; em;vnf ygw,f? 'Dwcg eef;at;=uLwd@k ESpo
f pf
ul;yGaJ wmf jyefvmvnfwhJ tcg=uawmhrS tyg;ud,
k w
f idk f aoao
csmcsm tyfxnfhay;vkdufr,f [kwf+yDvm; tyg;rodyJeJ@ awmh
roGm;=uygeJ@ zdk;rlwdk@&,fwJh? uHtm;avsmfpGmygyJ wae@rSm awmh
orD;wdk@&Gmudk toufav;q,f 0ef;usifavmuf&SdwJh trsKd; orD;
}uD;wpfa,muf a&mufvm+yD; rJaqmufrSmtvkyfvkyfzdk@ vlvm
qif;ac:wmwJ?h tJ't
D rsK;d orD;}uD; u &kyv
f aJ csmw,f? pum; ajym
vnf; tawmfaumif;w,f? ydkufqHvnf;aygw,f? orD;wdk@tdrf
udak c: oGm;+yD; yg;yg;eJ@ pum;ay; ajym vku
d w
f ,f? yg;yg;udk olajymjy
w,f? usru rJaqmuf+rdK@&J@ pwdk;qkdif}uD;w qkdifrSm tvkyf0if
vkyw
f m &SpEf pS af vmuf=umawmh qkid f &Sit
f zk;d }uD; tzGm;}uD; usrudk
olw@kd om;orD;vdk cspcf ifwmvnf; wa=umif;/ usr&J@ &d;k om;}udK;
pm;r_ukd oabmusveG ;f vd@k w?hJ olw@kd om;eJ@ ay;pm;vku
d +f yD; pwd;k
qkid }f uD;udyk g tarGay;vku
d w
f ,f? usrwd@k pD;yGm;a&; jzpfxeG ;f vm
awmh vkyfief;awG wkd;csJ@edkifwmaygh? vkyfief; awGwkd;csJ@vmawmh
'Dpwdk;qdkifudk vliSm;awGeJ@yJ v$Jxm;&w,f? vliSm;awGuvnf;
+rdK@oal wGqakd wmh aiGa&; a=u;a&;ydik ;f rSm pdwcf s vd@k r&bl;jzpfaew,f?
tJ'ga=umifh usrudk,fwkdif &dk;om;jzLpifwJh awmolrav;awGudk
vmqif;&Sm&awmh&iS f wJ?h yg;yg;vnf; awmfawmfav; pdw0f ifpm;
aeyH&k awmh orD;wd@k armifErS u u&ifvakd &m+yD; yg;yg; &,f olaX;r
ud,
k w
f idk f vmac:wmyJ wcgwnf;vku
d f oGm;csiw
f ,fvd@k ajymwm
aygh? yg;yg;vJ eifwkd@oGm;csifaerSawmh xnfhay; vdkufygr,f
vd@k ajym+yD; olaX;reJ@ pum;qufajymaew,f? usaemfh orD;av;
ESpaf ,mufu rJaqmufrmS tvkyo
f mG ;vkyzf @kd ajymajym aewm tcg
aygi;f rsm;ae+yD? usaemfw@kd rmS u 'DorD;av;ESpaf ,muf wnf;&Sad wmh
rcGJcsifwma&m/ pdwfrcswma&m ayghAsm? 'ga=umifhay; roGm;jzpf
wmAs? tckvkd olaX; ud,
k w
f idk u
f vnf; vmqif;ac:w,f? olw@kd u
vnf; oGm;csiw
f ,f qdak wmh usaemfxnfah y; vku
d yf grh ,fwJ?h yg;yg;
tJ'Dvdk ajymvkdufawmh orD;wdk@armifESrawG aysmfvdkufwmrS
b,fvdkajymjy&rSef;udk rodbl;? olaX;reJ@vkdufoGm;zdk@ jyifqifae
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (22)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
pufwifbmv 2011
xdi
k ;f a&muf jrefrmvkyo
f m; 400 ausmf tvkyjf yKwf
(pufwifbmv 6 &uf 2011- 'DAb
GD )D
xd k i f ; ed k i f i H bef a umuf + rd K teD ; bef a bmf + rd K e,f u t0wf t xnf tvk y f & H k w &H k u
jrefrmtvkyform; 400 ausmf tvkyfjyKwf cH&ygw,f? tedrfhqHk;vkyftm;c wae@ bwf 300
ay;r,fv@kd rJq,
G +f yD; tedik &f wJt
h pd;k & wufae+yDr@kd vkyt
f m;cawG wd;k vmr,fv@kd arSsmv
f ifah ecsed rf mS
jref r mtvk y f o rm; &mcsD tvk y f j yKwf o G m ;wmyg/ xk d i f ; tpd k ; & taumif t xnf a zmf r ,f h
tedrfhqHk;vkyftm;c bwf 300 udk ray;ekdifvdk@ tvkyf&Sifu }udK+yD; tvkyfxkwfwmvdk@ tvkyf
orm;awGukd ulnw
D hJ befaumuftajcpdu
k f xkid ;f -jrefrmtoif;u ekid if jH cm;qufqaH &;wm0efcH OD;rsK;d ekid u
f ajymjyygw,f? befaumufrmS
jrefrmtvkyform; tm;vHk;aygif; ta,muf 800 avmuf&SdwJh txnfcsKyfpuf&HkrSm tvkyform;awGu usaemfhudk vmajymw,f?
tvky&f iS u
f wae@ukd 210 ay;xm;w,f? tvky&f iS u
f aemufyikd ;f udk 300 &wmr&wmu wu/ avmavmq,f ud,
k t
hf vkyo
f rm;awG
xkwcf v
H u
dk &f w,f? w&uf bwf 300 tpDtpOf[m xkid ;f tvkyf orm;awGawmif &zd@k raocsm ao;bl;vd@k vnf; OD;rsK;d ekid u
f ajymygw,f?
xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf wmh(cf)c&dkif rJaqmuf+rdKrSmvnf; w&ufvkyf tm;c bwf 300 &zdk@jzpfekdifajcr&Sdbl;vdk@ tvkyform;tcGifhta&;
aqmuf&GufaewJh jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&; yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfol OD;rdk;}udK;u ajymygw,f? rJaqmufrSmwif
wmh(cf)c&dkif 6 +rdKe,frSm ae@pm;c 162 bwf owfrSwfxm;w,f? wu,fwrf;&wmu tm;vHk;owf rSwfcsufxuf avsmheJpGm&wm
jzpfwJhtwGuf bwf 300 qdkwm tvkyform;awGtwGuf vHk;0yHkjyifyJ? jrefrmtvkyform;awG[m vpmyHkrSefr&wmrsKd;uawmh
&d;k ae+yDv@kd vnf; OD;rd;k }udK;u ajymygw,f? &mbmvkyif ef;awGrsm;wJh xkid ;f awmifyikd ;f zefigc&dik u
f ynma&;ESihf zGH +zdK;wd;k wufa&;azmifa';&Si;f
wm0ef c H OD ; xl ; cspf u awmh ted r f h q H k ; vpm bwf 300 jzpf e k d i f w ,f v k d @ tuJ j zwf + yD ; r&&if v nf ; tvk y f o rm;awG b uf u
ta&;qd=k uzd@k vw
kd ,fv@kd ajymygw,f? xdik ;f tpd;k &opf[m a&G;aumufyrJG q
J ,
G w
f ek ;f u tedrhf qH;k vkyt
f m;c wae@ bwf 300 ay;r,fv@dk
uwday;cJh+yD; tekdif&cJhygw,f? 'Dvkyftm;cudpPudk tvwfpm;eJ@ ti,fpm; vkyfief;&SifawG u tqufrjywf uef@uGufaewma=umifh
tedrfhqHk; vkyftm;ctpm; tedrfhqHk;0ifaiGvdk@ ajymif;vJa=unmxm;ygw,f? tedrfhqHk;0ifaiGqdkwJh owfrSwf csufa=umifh bwf 300 udk
tom;wif vkyt
f m;ctjzpf r&awmhbJ tvky&f iS af wG yHyh ;kd ay;xm;wJh wjcm;udpaP wG&J wefz;kd udk xnfah ygi;f rSmjzpfygw,f? xdik ;f 0ef}uD;csKyf
&if v wf & J Zl v d k i f v 11 &uf ajymqd k c suf t & bwf 300 vk y f t m;crl 0 g'[m xd k i f ; tvk y f o rm;awG twG u f y J tusK;d & S d + yD ;
ekid if jH cm;om;tvkyo
f rm;awG cHpm;cGirhf &Sw
d o
hJ abm oufa&mufaeygw,f? xdik ;f edik if &H J wnfqOJ ya't& xkid ;f tvkyo
f rm;awGomru
a&$ajymif;tvkyform;awGtwGufyg tedrfhqHk; vkyftm;c owfrSwfxm;+yD; cGJjcm;jcif;r&Sdap&vdk@ jyXmef; xm;ygw,f?
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (23)
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef; tdro
f dk h (rif;,ka0)
&efukef+rdK wm0gvdef; trSwf (25) &Sd AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;aexkdifcJhaom tdrfukd ,Ofaus;r_Xmeu
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;jywkduf tjzpf zGihfvSpfxm;onf? xkd@a=umihf kH;tm;&uf w&ufwGif usaemfonf
AkdvfcsKyftdrfokd@ oGm;a&muf =unfh_rdonf? AkdvfcsKyftdrfonf us,f0ef;aom +cHO,smOfxJ&Sd awmifukef;
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (24)
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (25)
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
uHw&m;. kdufykwfjcif; '%fcsufwkd@a=umifh ighOD;acgif;onf aoG;oHwkd@jzihf &J&JeD.? okd@aom nGwfum; rnGwf xkd@jyif usaemfonf
pmzwfjcif;ESihf ywfoufI AkdvfcsKyf. tjrifukd qifjcifrdjyefonf? AkdvfcsKyfu ol@aqmif;yg;wapmifwGif ,ck urBm ay:rSm&Sdonfh
pmtkyftm;vkH;onf t&if;ppfvSsif avmu. ta=umif;ukd trsKd;rsKd;rSwfom;csufrsm;om jzpfayonf? xkdrSwf om;csuf rsm;ukd
a&;olrsm;. tmabmf/ 4if;wkd@a&;&m a'o/ a&;onfh tcsdefumvponfukd =unfhI a0zef+yD;vSsif avmutvkyf0wW&m;wGif
ok;H pGw
J wfro
S m pmwwftrSEjf zpfayonf [lI a&;om;cJb
h ;l avonf? pmtkyb
f 'D rdk sm;teD;wGif Akv
d cf sKyf. pma&;pm;yGv
J nf; &So
d nf?
Akv
d cf sKyfonf pmzwf0goem ygonfh enf;wl pma&;vnf; tvGe0f goemygonf? pma&;&mY t*Fvyd b
f momjzihjf zpfap/ jrefrm bmomjzifh
jzpfap xdryd idk Ef idk pf mG a&;om;Ekid o
f nf? jrefrmykid f t*Fvyd f owif;pm e,l;bm;rm; wGif tcsed yf idk ;f t,f'w
D mtjzpf 0ifa&mufvyk u
f kid f
pOfu a&;cJhaom acgif;}uD;rsm;rSm xif&Sm;onf? '*kef r*~Zif;Y a&;cJhaom aqmif;yg;rsm;rSmvnf; txl;xif&Sm;vSonf? Tokd@vSsif
usaemfonf AkdvfcsKyftdrf&Sd tcef;pkHukd wcef;0if wcef;xGuf=unfh&if; AkdvfcsKyfta=umif;udk trsKd;rsKd;awG;awm atmufarhrdonf?
aeapmif;vmaom tcg usaemfonf Akv
d cf sKyftrd rf S qif;oufxu
G cf mG vmcJo
h nf? ok@d xu
G cf mG vmpOf Akv
d cf sKyf. apwemukd jrwfE;dk rdonf?
AkdvfcsKyf. }udK;yrf;r_udk csD;usL;rdonf? kd;om;vSaom AkdvfcsKyf. taetxkdif trlt&mudk av;pm;rdonf? AkdvfcsKyf. pdwfmwfukd
tm;usro
d nf? Akv
d cf sKyf. *k%af us;Zl;ukd atmufarhro
d nf? aumif;avpG?
rif;,ka0
(tv,fwef; pum;ajyvufa&G;pifr)S **Kyaw Win Khine**
tcuf}uHK
a'geawmifudkausmfvkdufw,fqkd&ifyJ/ tcufaygif;pHkeJ@ }uHK&w,f? xdkif;ekdifiH rJaqmufudk a&mufcsifvS+yD?
a&S@rmS jr0wDu &Sad o;w,f? aomif&if;jrpfuvnf; qD;wm;aeao;w,f? 'DtqD;twm;awGxuf tckavm
avmq,f twm;tqD;u v$waf jrmufz@kd cufcaJ ew,f? ausmx
f eG ;f atmifw@kd pD;vmwJu
h m;udk *dwf tqifq
h ifh
u &yfcikd ;f wkid ;f &yfay;ae&w,f? oabmaumif;wJh *dwu
f tjrefxu
G f cGijhf yKw,f? oabmraumif;wJ&h if=um+yD?
wyfr *dwf qdw
k ma&mufawmh &JawG/ rSwyf w
kH if0efxrf;awGu wm;+yD; c&D;onfwpfO;D csi;f pD&@J rSwyf kH wifawGuakd wmif;w,f?
rSwfyHkwifygwJhol rSwfyHkwifudkay;/ rygwJhol (500)usyf ay;aygh? ausmfxGef;atmif rSwfyHkwifay;vkdufw,f? topfvmwJholawGudk
"gwfyHk rSwfwrf;wifw,f? +yD;&if wpfOD;csif;pD&J@ rSwfyHkwifudkjyefay;w,f? tm;vHk;&=uw,f? 'gayr,fh ausmfxGef;atmif rSwfyHkwifu
ygrvm? usaemf rSwfyHkwifb,frvJ rSwfyHkwif0efxrf;u a,mifurf;+yD; cifAsm;wdk@um;orm; udkay;vkduf+yD;+yDav um;orm;u
usaemfu
h kd ray;ygb;l wJh ([m)
aiGr&Sv
d @kd tdru
f 0ufrudk csa&mif;+yD; +rdK@wufcufcufccJ J vkyv
f mcJw
h hJ rSwyf w
kH iftaysmufrcHeidk f usaemfh rSwyf w
kH if jyefr&vd@k
rjzpfbl;aemf/ rSwfyHkwif 0efxrf; rsufESmysufoGm;+yD; tvkyf&_yfoGm;+yD? a&S@u um;orm;udk rSm;+yD;ay;rdw,fqdk+yD; a&S@um;vkduf
awmhvnf; xGufoGm;+yD? 0efxrf;pma&;rav;wpfa,mufu &Sifwdk@[m &Sifwdk@qDay;vkduf+yD;+yDbJ usrwdk@eJ@ rqdkifawmhbl;wJh 'Dvdk&
aumif;vm; ausmx
f eG ;f atmif um;ay:uqif;+yD; cifAsm;wd@k ukd usaemfv
h ufe@J ay;vku
d w
f ,f? ,l+yD;jyefray;ao;bl;? 'DrmS c&D;onfawG
oufao&Sdw,f? ,l+yD;jyefay;&rSm trwdk@wm0efbJ r[kwfvm;? 0efxrf;t}uD;tuJjzpf[efwlwJholu nDav;onf;cHay; rSwfyHkwif
jyef&vmrSmyg? jyefr&&ifvnf;ryle@J ud,
k w
f @kd u nDav;rSwyf w
kH ifukd jyefvyk af y;ekid w
f hJ olawGygumG ? rodcifwek ;f u 'Dpum; t[kwx
f ifchJ
w,f? jr0wDudk a&mufwmeJ@ tazmfawGu p&dwftukefcH+yD; rapmifhekdif=u? rJaqmufudk ul;oGm;=uyg+yD? ausmfxGef;atmif wpf
a,mufwnf;om aomifwifaecJw
h ,f? reufqikd u
f ,fimS ;+yD; wyfr*dwu
f o
kd mG ;/ jyefqif;wJu
h m;awGukd ar;ayr,fv
h nf;/ rod=u olw@kd qD
ygrvmbl;vd@k ajymae=uw,f? tqif;um;tm;vH;k omukeo
f mG ;w,f? &rvmbl;? b,fvv
kd yk rf vJ? rae@uvlu nDav;ryle@J reufjzef
reuf (v0u)&H;k udv
k mcJh wd,
k w
f @kd vyk af y;ygrh ,f? reuf aemufreufe@J reufp&dwaf wGaxmif;uke+f yD? wyfr[m/ toGm; tjyef/ qkid u
f ,fz@kd /
xif;rif;zdk;/ rae@nu xrif;zdk;/ wnf;cdkcef;zdk;eJ@ raqmufoGm;zdk@ p&dwfr&Sdawmhbl;? rSmxm;wm&Sdavawmh rSmxm;wJh twkdif;
rSwyf w
kH if&;kH udo
k mG ;=unfw
h ,f? qdu
k mU ;zd;k omukew
f ,f? rSwyf w
kH ifu &rvmbl;? axmufccH suw
f pfcb
k &J vmcJw
h ,f? t&m&Sd c&D;vGeaf evd@k
bmnmaygh? 'golwdk@nmae=urSef; aemufrSodw,f? aemufwpfacgufavmuf vmcJhygOD;wJh? oGm;yg+yD 0ufra&mif;vdk@&wJh aiG?
taruajymw,f eifrh w
S yf w
kH ifvyk w
f m ig0h ufrwpfaumifz;kd ukew
f ,f? (vGev
f eG ;f w,f)wJ?h tck 'g}uD;aysmufomG ;&yg+yDtar?
'g}uD;twGufeJ@ 0ufrzdk;ruvdk@ rJaqmufoGm;p&dwfyg/ ygoGm;yg+yD? olawmif;pm;b0udkvnf;a&mufae&yg+yD? udk,fcsif;pmolawGu
ay;urf;vkduf=uwJh p&dwfuav;eJ@ r,fawmfatmuf&Gmodk@a&mufvm&w,f? jzpfekdif&if tarhqDudkomjyefajy;vmcsifawmhw,f?
jyefr,fv
h rf;p&dwf rajymeJ@/ pm;p&mr&S/d aep&mr&S/d jzpfae+yD? jrefrmvlrsK;d aiGyef;wdef orm;awGau|;xm;vd@k om pm;ae&w,f? olw@kd tvkyf
udkvnf; 0ifvkyfay;&w,f? naetvkyfodrf;vdk@ tdyfr,fhwef;vsm;uav;udk a&mufawmh ausmfxGef;atmifwdk@ tdyfr,fh tdyf&mrSm
acG;rwpfaumif tdyaf ew,f? acG;rudk tomuav; &du
k cf svu
dk +f yD; armarmeJ@ acG;rtdy&f mrSm tdyyf pfvu
dk w
f m reufr;dk vif;wmrodvu
dk ?f
aemuf (3) &uf=umrS rke@f wu
D ek ;f puf&rkH mS tvky&f w,f? avmavmq,f &wJt
h vkyu
f kd 0ifvyk af evku
d af wmhw,f? &GmrSmwke;f uxkid ;f udk
a&muf&if aiGrsm;rsm;&r,f? olrsm;pum;udktxif}uD;+yD; tckvkdufvmcJhwm wv$JpD tvkyfrSm xrif;ay;w,f? [if;tjyifu
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (26)
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
0,fpm;&w,f? vuke&f if xrif;zd;k / taqmifz;kd / &Ja=u;/ [if;zd;k awG Elwaf wmh nttdyyf suw
f myJ tzwfwifw,f? &GmrSm v,fvyk v
f @kd
yifyef;&if tdyaf &;00 tdyv
f u
kd &f if aysmufomG ;+yD? tcknOf(h 11;30)txd vky&f w,f? reuf (7;30) qd&k if tvkyjf yefqif;&jyef+yD? tdyaf &;00
rtdy&f / wpfcgwpfcg nOf(h 2;00) ausmw
f ,f? (3) v=umcgrS rpm;&J@/ raomuf&@J e@J ckvkd (1500)bwf rSwrf w
S &f & pkrw
d ,f? tarhqyD @kd vu
dk f
aumif;rvm;? jrefrmaiGv&J if (50000) awmifr&/ (1) ode;f jynfch grS yd@k awmhr,f? tckrw
S yf w
kH ifjyef&a&; ta&;}uD;w,f? jr0wDu;l +yD;
rSwyf w
kH if&;kH udo
k mG ;=unfah wmh aemufwpfacguaf vmuf vmcJyh gqw
kd hJ yk*Kd~ vf r&Sad wmhb;l ? (0g;av) udak jymif;oGm;+yD? usew
f t
hJ zG@J om;awG
vnf; ajymif;ukef=u+yD? aygufwJhezl; rxl;awmhbl;? +rdK@e,fOD;pD;rSL;udkoGm;awG@w,f? OD;pD;uvnf; topfwpfa,mufjzpfaew,f?
tusK;d ta=umif; &Si;f jyw,f? tjzpftysuu
f ol@vufxufrmS r[kwv
f @kd ole@J rywfoufovdk ajymw,f? toem;cHarwWm&yfcaH wmhrS
nDav; +rdK@e,f (v0u)&Hk;u udk,fa&;tusOf; jr0wDrSmaewJh &yfuGufu &yfuGufaxmufcHpm (aexkdifa=umif;axmufcHcsuf)eJ@
jypfrLS uif;&Si;f a=umif; &Jpcef;axmufccH suaf wGukd ,lvmay; vkyaf y;r,fwJ?h (vkyrf ay;csiw
f hJ oabmvm;) &yfuu
G af xmufccH su&f zd@k }udK;
pm;=unfah wmh (500)bwf omukeo
f mG ;w,f &rvm? wnf;cdck ef;rSm wnf;+yD; vky&f w,fqakd wmh [dpk &dw/f 'Dp&dwef @J (1500)bwfrmS
(200)bwfavmufbJ jyefygvmawmhw,f? bwfaiGudk rJaqmufrSmoHk;&if toHk;cHw,f? jrefrmaiGvJ+yD; jr0wDrSmoHk;&if bJa&aomuf
wmxuf jrefw,f? c%av;bJ (v0u)t&m&Sw
d @kd &,f cifAsm;wd@k wm0efrv
hJ @kd aysmuf&wJh rSwyf w
kH if[m aemufxyf0ufr wpfaumifz;kd ukef
oGm;yg+yDAsmwdk@? tvkyfxJrSm rGef;=uyfvmvdk@ tm;vyfwJh&ufrSm oli,fcsif;awGeJ@ av#muf=unfhw,f? xkdif;ekdifiHae&wm udk,fhekdifiH
r[kwv
f @kd vm;rod/ olprd ;f tdru
f akd &mufaeovdck pH m;&w,f? ajrmufbufu aexGuw
f ,f? awmifbufo@kd ae0ifw,f? a&S@rmS &JawGzrf;+yD?
bmnmudGuG/ rajymcif &mwefawGxnfhekdifvkdufvkd@ oDoDuav; vGwfvmw,f? (2) xyfcsKyfudk a&mufzdk@ zl;ZmrqHkao;vdk@qdk&r,f?
rkef@wDukef;rSm vkyf&wmtqifrajy/ tdrf&HkawGu rw&m;aps;ESdrfw,f?
rJaqmufrSm oGm;vkyfw,f? rkef@wDukef;eJ@pm&if rqkd;bl;vdk@xif&ayr,fh vukef&if &Ja=u;/ taqmifzdk;/ bmnmuGduG (600)
jzwfw,f? (rSwaf &m) puf&rkH mS olaX;rde;f ri,fu aps;a&mif;w,f? [if;a&mif;w,f? (yHpk u
H ) olw@kd qu
D &wJah iG olw@kd qrD mS usecf ahJ tmif
vkyx
f m;w,f? olaX;udk (tzm;)aumif;olu (yGKd if)h aumif;aumif;udik &f w,f? aiGrsm;rsm;&w,f? olaX;vl,akH wG =oZm&Sw
d ,f? wjcm;
olawGrSefayr,fh rSm;w,f? olaX;vl,HkrSm;ayr,fh rSefw,f? jrefrmjynfom;tcsif;csif; (ig;=uif;qDeJ@ ig;=uif;a=umfxm;w,f?) yxr
ausmx
f eG ;f atmif tjzLxnf/ tck ausmx
f eG ;f atmif &nf;pm;awG bmawGe@J clcsi;f wpfcgr# rjrif&ao;? zke;f eJ@ &wJ&h nf;pm;? 'Dvkd nm;
=uwJh vifr,m;trsm;}uD;? toH=um;&&Hkav;eJ@ [kwfyghrvm;vdk@ tpu xifcJhw,f? tck ausmfxGef;atmif pGJae+yD? yHkjyifxJu rif;
orD;av;eJ@ rif;om;av;vdk vlcsif;rjrif&ayr,fh vdrRmwJh ckduav;tultnDeJ@ pmcsif;qufoG,farwWmr#ae=uwm [m? yHkjyifvdk@
xifcJhwm tckvufawG@usrS ausmfxGef;atmif ,Hkawmhw,f? vlcsif;rawG@&ayr,fh ESvHk;om;csif;zvS,f ae=uw,f? ESvHk;om;csif;
qufoG,fae=uw,f? &kyfrygwJh ESvHk;om;csif;qHkawG@ae&wm[m ydkvdk@ckdif+rJapr,fvdk@ ausmfxGef;atmif xifw,f? oufrm av;&J@
toH[m ausmx
f eG ;f atmif ESv;kH om;udk at;jrapw,f? reufjzef vkuek &f ufrmS oufrmav;eJ@ awG@z@kd csed ;f xm;w,f? oufrm av;&J@
rsufESm vSvSav;udk reufjzefawG@&awmhr,f? reuf (6)em&Drxdk;cifuwnf;u ausmfxGef;atmifwdk@ 0d&d,aumif;aew,f? aps;
bufav#mufomG ;+yD;/ vufbuf&nfaomufw,f? oufrm av;eJ@ (8) em&D ausmif;}uD;em;rSm csed ;f xm;w,f? cyfoyk o
f yk af v; vrf;jzwf
ul;vdu
k w
f meJ@ apmifah ewJh &J tqifoifh zrf;vdu
k +f yD? ygvmwJh aiG (300)bwf ay;ayr,fh r&? oufrmav;eJ@ rawG@&bJ bd;k oufjym
awGe@J awG@v@kd (2)xyfcsKyfe@J 'Dwpfcgawmh trSef zl;ZmqHo
k mG ;&yg+yD? oli,fcsi;f awG (1000) bwfe@J vmac:vd@k vGwv
f m&w,f? tcspq
f ;kH
oufrmeJ@ vGJoGm;yg+yD? &Sif;jyzdk@ oufrm qDzkef;qufvnf; r&awmhyg? csdef;xm;csdefa&mufrvmvdk@ aumif;aumif;}uD; pdwfaumuf
oGm;+yDxifw,f? a=uuGrJ qH;k jzpf&&Hu
k vGv
J @kd rwwfeidk af wmhyg? t}udr}f udrzf ek ;f quf=unfw
h ,f? vH;k 0 ydwx
f m;w,f? tckavmavmq,f
ta=uG; (1000)bwf qyf&r,f? oli,fcsi;f u ol@tarqDy@kd r,fh ydu
k q
f eH @J vma&G;xm;wm? (tm*) aus;Zl;&Si?f ol rawmif;cifay;oifh
w,f? rJaqmufaps;u tr 0rf;uGJqD tultnDawmif;zdk@oGm;awmh rsuf&nfpufvufeJ@ idkaewmeJ@ oGm;qHkw,f? (Aka<g) tusKd;
ta=umif;ar;=unfah wmh qkid ;f cef;udk aps;aumuf&;kH rSm pmcsKyf+yD; w&m;0ifigS ;xm;+yD;cgrS nbufxu
G w
f hJ csOzf wfa&mif;wJh &Sr;f tzGm;}uD;
uuef@uGufvdk@ tcktydwfcHvdkuf&+yD? rD;wyfqifc/ tjcm;a0,sm0pPawGeJ@qdk (3500)bwf ukef+yD;cgrS rxGuf&awmhbl;qdkwm[m
wrifESdrfw,fvdk@ ausmfxGef;atmif jrifw,f? aps;aumuf&Hk;uvnf; olwdk@csif; zwfarGypfvdkufw,f? iSg;wJhcg iSg;+yD; vl}uD;vlaumif;
rqefbmtjypfrS r&Sb
d eJ @J vky&f ufavcsi;f ? rcHr&yfeidk o
f al wGu tzG@J tpnf;udk wkid zf @kd t}uHjyK=uw,f? arsmufopfuikd ;f vGwjf zpfr,f
'Dqikd rf &&ifvnf; aemufwpfqidk af y;ygv@kd toem;cH trvd@k ajym+yD; ar#mv
f ifch suf uif;pGmeJ@ jyefvmcJ&h w,f? ausmx
f eG ;f atmifw@kd
vlpu
k kd olaX;u bwfvyk af y;zd@k ac:w,f? jrLeDpyD ,f&;kH / aq;&H/k tvkyo
f rm;&H;k wd@k uo
kd mG ;&w,f? wpfcg wpfcg xkid pf &m cHak wG&adS yr,fh
rxdik &f / wrHwvif;ay:rSm xdik &f w,f? aq;&Hu
k yHpk rH sK;d qdk pdwu
f ek pf &m/ ud,
k x
f ufi,fw[
hJ mawGu cHak y:u/ ud,
k u
f atmufu =urf;jyif
ay:xdik v
f @kd oDwulq&mawmf =uGtvmudk w&m;emzd@k vuftyk cf saD pmifah ewmeJ@ wlw,f? ausmx
f eG ;f atmif &efuek rf mS {nfph m&if;r
wdik rf v
d @dk (1) n tcsKyf0ifz;l w,f? tcsKyfrmS yHpk x
H idk cf idk ;f wmeJ@ wlaew,f? bwfvyk +f yD;vd@k (4) &ufajrmufwahJ e@rmS ausmx
f eG ;f atmif
bwf &w,f? 0rf;omw,f? ckomG ;csi&f moGm;vd@k &+yD? bmbJajymajym ud,
k ef idk if H (jrefrmekid if u
H ) ekid if o
H m;u'f&a&;twGuf ud,
k v
hf rl sK;d
tcsif;csif; uvdrfuswmeJ@ pm&if trsm;}uD;oufomw,fvdk@ ajymcsifw,f?
armifausmzf ;kd (ND, JACBA)
jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwD(JACBA)rS vpOfxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?
pmrsufEmS (27)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
pufwifbmv 2011
tm&Sae0ef;eD (0g)jrefrmhvw
G v
f yfa&; rD;&SL;wefaqmif q&mawmf OD;OwWru
ay;cJw
h hJ ordi
k ;f tarG
pmrsufEmS (28)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
pufwifbmv 2011
pmrsufEmS (29)
pufwifbmv 2011
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif
The Joke
0rf;oGm;aeonf
([m',ESvHk; -wc%+yHK;)
wlaevdk
tazeJ@om; uwHk; wHk;xm;+yD; nbuf tdrfa&Scef;wGif twlwl tdrfaysmfae=uonf? noef;acgifavmuf tazjzpfol
edk;vm+yD; orD;nnf;armifav;udk tcef;xJydkvdkuftHk; orD;utdyfcsifrl;wl;eJ tcef;xJrSxGufvm+yD; armifav;
xxx uwHk;udkeSpfcsufavmufykwfumE_d;vdkufonf? olrykwfvdkufaom uwHk;rSm oltaz. acgif;jzpfaeygawmhonf?
tajzawmif;yHk
rif;twGuq
f &
kd if
pmrsufEmS (30)