etz.

aemif±dk;pdwf"mwf

aemif±dk;wdkufyGJqdkwm jrefrmhordkif;rSm xif&Sm;wJhwdkufyGJ jzpfygw,f? etzawG tifrweftr$ef;wifaewJh

Armtifyg,mwnfaxmifoloHk;OD;teufu 'kwd,wa,mufjzpfwJh bk&ifhaemif rif;rjzpfcif wyifa&$xD;rif;
vufatmuftr_xrf;aewJhumv 1537 ckrSm rGefEdkifiHudk usL;ausmfe,fcsJ@pOfu rGefEdkifiH ajrmif;jreJ@ tdrfrJ=um;
aemif±dk;t&yfrSm jzpfwJh wdkufyGJjzpfygw,f? tJ'DwdkufyGJrSm wzufurf;ul;wdkuf&wJhtwGuf avSawG azmifawGeJ@
ul;+yD; wdkufyGJ tajctaeraumif;&if aemufjyefqkwfp&m ul;vmwJhavSeJ@azmifawGudk ESpfjr‡KyfzsufqD;ypf+yD;
rxl;Zmwfcif; wdkufyGJ0if&mu EdkifoGm;wJZh mwfvrf;udk vltawmfrsm;rsm;od=urSmyg?
r[mvlrsKd;}uD;0g'DyDyD etzppftkyfpk[m taemf&xm/ bk&ifhaemifeJ@ tavmif;bk&m;qdw k hJ Armtifyg,m
xlaxmifolppfbk&ifrsm;udk tifrweftm;usudk;uG,fygw,f? wjcm;vlrsKd;awG&J@ vGwfvyfwJh tcsKyftjcm
tm%mydkifEdkifiHawGudk vlrsKd;a&;tjrifeJ@ usL;ausmfodrf;ydkufcJh=uwJh 'Dbk&ifawG[m etztzdk@ twk,lp&m pHerlem
awGjzpfaewm rqef;ygbl;? 'gha=umifhvnf; bk&ifhaemif&J@aemif±dk;wdkufyGJpdwf"mwfudk t+rJOD;xdyfxm;+yD;
rxl;Zmwfcif;aewmawG@&ygw,f?
'Dvdkaemif±dk;wdkufyGJrsKd;udk wu,fawmh pydefvlrsKd;awGu pwdkufcJhwmjzpfygw,f? pydefe,fodrf;ppf0g'D
[meef'dk aumwuf [m 1519 ckrSm usL;bm;u|ef;uae ruUqDudkurf;ajcudk oabFm (11)pD;/ vltiftm;
(630)eJ@ &Gufv$ifhcJhw,f? ol[m oabFmwpD;uvGJ+yD; usefwJhoabFmtm;vHk;udk ESpfjrKyfypfvdkufygw,f?
csefxm;wJhoabFm eJ@ usL;bm;u|ef;rSm&SdwJhbk&ifcHqD jyefowif;ydk@cdkif;w,f? tajctaeraumif;&if
aemufa=umif;jyefacgufzdk@ oabFmwpD;rS csefrxm;cJhygbl;? 'DaemufrSm ol@&J@ppfwyftiftm;ajcmuf&mausmfeJ@
vlOD;a& (8)oef;&SdwJh tufZwufEdkifiHudk wdkufcdkufodrf;,lcJhygw,f?
'DtajctaeeJ@,SOf=unfh&ifawmh bk&ihfaemif&J@ aemif±dk;wdkufyGJrSm Armbufu qif(150)/ ppfom; (10000)/
rGefbufu qif(200)/ ppfom; (80000) &SdcJhw,f? qkwfvrf;u tdrfrJacsmif;udkvufypful;ajy;vdk@&Edkifygw,f?
acsmif;ab;twdkif; udk,fhe,fxJa&mufwJhtxd rdkif(20)avmuf ajy;&ifvnf;&Edkifygw,f? aumwufwdk@qkwfvrf;
uawmh urf;rjrif vrf;rjrif yifv,fjyif}uD;bJ&Sd+yD; teD;qHk;ppfuleJ@ yifv,frdkif (600) c&D;&Sdygw,f? rdcifEdkifiH
pydefjynfeJ@qdk&ifawmh rdkifig;axmifausmfa0;ygw,f?
bk&ifhaemifwdk@acwfwHk;u tckacwfvdk qufoG,fa&;twwfynmydkif;awG rwdk;wufao;vdk@ aumwuf&J@
pGef@pm;cef;udk=um;od twk,l+yD; aemif±dk;wdkufyGJ vdkufvkyfw,fvdk@awmh rxifrdygbl;? e,fy,fcsJ@xGifa&;ppf0g'D
awGyDyD t}uHwlwmrsKd;bJ jzpfEdkifygw,f? e,fcsJ@0g'Dppfbk&ifwyifa&$xD;[m vufudktyfpdkuf+yD; ol&Jaumif;a&G;wHk;
u rsufESmenf;enf;avmufwGe@f oGm;rdwJh Av&Jxif ol&Jaumif;ta&G;rcH&vdk@ udk,fhAdkufudk udk,fhzmom "m;eJ@cGJ
tlawGqGJxkwfjywmudk rdkuf±l;&J vdk@ owfrSwfcJhayrJh bk&ifhaemif&J@ aemif±dk;vkyf&yfudkawmh vufcHcJhygw,f?
'Dppfqifa&;awG[m urBmhppfordkif;rSmeJ@ jrefrmhppfordkif;rSm tifrwefemrnf}uD;oGm;+yD; csD;usL;=uayrJh
vdkufvkyfwm 'grSr[kwf vdkufvkyf+yD; atmifjrifoGm;wm wcgrSr=um;rdygb;l ? tckawmh jrefrmhetzppftkyfpku
bk&ifhaemif&J@aemif±dk;vrf;pOfudk vdkufaeyg+yD? 'gayrJh rwlwmu bk&ifhaemifwdk@/ aumwufwdk@vdk e,fopfy,fopf
awG odrf;ydkufwmawmh r[kwfygbl;?
ukvor*~vufaxmuftwGif;a&;rª; rpPwm*rfbm&D Armjynfudk vmvnfwJhtcsdefeJ@udkuf+yD; ArmjynfwGif;
u urBmh=uufajceD±Hk;cGJawG ydwfypfvdkufwm[m ,Ofaus;odrfarG@txufwef;uswJh urBmavmue,fy,fuae
±dkif;pdkif;&ufpufwJh ausmufacwfe,fy,fudk aemif±dk;pdwf"mwfeJ@ ul;0ifoGm;wmjzpfygw,f?
=uufajceDqdkwm ab;'kuQóuH&wJh vlom;awGudk tepfemcHulnDzdk@/ toufu,fq,fzdk@ EdkifiHwdkif;rSm
wurBmvHk;rSm zGJ@pnf;xm;wJh &mE_ef;jynfhvlr_a&;tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfw,f? 'gudk vlwdkif;tod/ wurBmvHk;tod
jzpfygw,f? b,fae&m b,fa'ojzpfjzpf wudk,faumif;rqH udk,fusKd;r=unfhbJ trsm;tusKd;/ 'kuQa&mufaeol
awG&J@ usef;rma&;tusKd; vHkòcHa&;tusKd; vlr_a&;tusKd;awGudk aqmif&Gufay;wJh tzGJ@jzpfw,f? 'Dvdk=uufajceD
vkyfief;udk wurBmvHk;twdkif;twmeJ@ vkyfEdkifzdk@ EdkifiHwum=uufajceDaumfrwD ICRC udk zGJ@pnf;xm;wm
jzpfw,f? ICRC udk urBmay:rSm =um;aetppfqHk;jzpfwJh qGpfZmvefEdkifiH/ =uufajceDvkyfief; pwifwnfaxmifwJh
[ife&D'l;eef@&J@ qGpfZmvefEdkifiHu uruxjyK zGJ@pnf;xm;wmjzpfygw,f?
 ICRC [m urBmw0Sef;ua'oaygif; (169)ckrSm ±Hk;cGJawGzGifh+yD; wif;wif;=uyf=uyf =um;ae bufrvdkufbJ
vufeufudkifyËdyuQawG jynfwGif;r+idrfroufr_awGa=umifh xdcdkuf'kuQa&muf&olawGudk umuG,fapmifha&Smufwm
ulnDwmawG vkyfay;aewJh EdkifiHwumvlom;csif;pmema&;tzGJ@}uD;jzpfygw,f? ArmjynfrSmqdk&if etzwyfxJu
rdkif;xdxm;wJhppfom;awGudkawmif ajcwkvufwkawG wyfay;aewJhtzGJ@ jzpfygw,f? tck Armjynfu±Hk;cGJig;ck
tydwfcHvdkuf&awmh a'oaygif; (164)ckrSmbJ ±Hk;cGJawG usefygawmhw,f?
'gha=umifh ICRC [m usefwJh (164)ae&mrSmvkyfovdk ppfoHk@yef;awGeJ@ vHkòcHa&;ta=umif;jyxdef;odrf;cH&
olawGukd oGm;awG@wm/ owif;aysmufaeolawGudk pHkprf;&SmazGay;wm/ &SifuGJuGJaewJhrdom;pk0ifawG=um; tquf
toG,fvkyfay;wm/ wuGJwjym;jzpfaewJh rdom;pkawGudk jyefvnfpkpnf;ay;wm/ vdktyfolawGxH aomufa&oef@/
tpm;tpmeJ@aq;0g; axmufyHhay;wmawG ArmjynfrSmvkyfEdkifzdk@vrf;ayguf vHk;0ydwfqdk@oGm;yg+yD? (t&ifuvnf;
tjynfht0vkyf&aewmawmh r[kwfayrJh vrf;pav;wp odk@r[kwf aumuf±dk;av;wr#ifawmh jzpfaecJhygao;
w,f?)
±dkif;pdkif;=urf;=uKwfwJhppfyGJawG/ vlrqefwJh zdESdyfn‡Of;yef;r_awG/ 'grSr[kwf tpdk;r&wJh obm0w&m;&J@
xkaxmif;r_awG&J@'%fu oufom&&apzdk@/ wenf;tm;jzifh t±dkif;acwfb0jzwfoef;r_uae ,Ofaus;r_acwf b0
jzwfoef;r_qD vlom;awGa&muf&Sd&avzdk@ =uufajceDu wwftm;or# wHwm;xd;k ay;/ odk@r[kwf avSazmiful;wdk@eJ@
ydk@ay;wmjzpfygw,f? 'gayrJh etzuawmh ,Ofaus;r_bufurf;uae t±dkif;ausmufacwfbufurf;udk rdkufrdkuf
uef;uef;ul;oGm;cJh+yD;aemufrSm ,Ofaus;r_bufurf;udk jyeful;Edkifr,fh avSazmif odk@r[kwf wHwm;udk zsufqD;ypf
wJt h aeeJ@ ICRC ±Hk;cGJawGudk tckydwfypfvdkufyg+yD?
etz[m pdwfaeoabmxm; trltusifhawG tqifhtwef;jrifhwJh ,Ofaus;r_urBmudk jyeful;Edkifzdk@ avSazmif
awGudk zsufqD;ESpfjr‡Kyfypfvdkufyg+yD? t±dkif;urBmuae jyefxGufzdk@wHwm;udk rD;±_d@ypfvdkufyg+yD? arwWmw&m; u±k%m
w&m;a&S@±_+yD; vlom;csif;pmemr_&Sd=uwJh vl,Ofaus;avmuwckvHk;eJ@ tqufjzwf/ rdrdeJ@wuG Armjynfol
oef;ig;q,fudk ausmufacwfvl±dkif;b0udk wGef;ydk@vdkufyg+yD? bk&ihfaemifeJ@ aumwufwdk@&J@pGe@f pm;r_u olwdk@vl@tzGJ@
tpnf;udk twdkif;twmwck tusKd;jyKcJw h ,fvdk@ ajymvdk@&Edkifygw,f? tck etz&J@pGef@pm;cef;uawmh ppftkyfpk
t0ef;t0dkif;av;udkom tusKd;jyK+yD; Armjynfvl@tzGJ@tpnf; wckvHk;udk ysufokOf;edrfhusaprSmjzpfygw,f? 'gayrJh
aocsmpOf;pm;=unfv h u
kd fawmh ausmufacwfa&muf ppftkyfpkt0ef;t0dkif;twGuf tusKd;tjrwfua&m
b,favmufrsm;&SdEdkifyghrvJ? ausmufacwfa&mufrSawmh olwdk@twGuf tusKd;w&m;uvnf; a&&SnftmrcHcsuf
&Sd&Sd +rKd;+rKd;jrufjruf b,fvdkvkyfjzpfawmhrSmvJ ^m%f}uD;&Sif etzwdk@a&?

*gr%d