Formed Elements of The Blood

Department of Medical Physiology

2009-2010
College of Medicine
Hawler Medical University

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 The Blood Cells / Red Blood Cells
Red blood cells
circular
biconcave
discs without
nuclei
 RED CELL MEMBRANE
THE RED CELL MEMBRANE
CONSISTS OF:
1. PROTEINS~50%
2. LIPIDS~40%
3. CARBOHYDRATES~10%

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Physiological properties
Deformation ability
Osmotic fragility
Suspension stability
Hemoglobin:
4 protein chains
(globins)
2 alpha chains
2 beta chains
4 heme groups
Site where O2
molecules bind
Physiological function of RBC
1. transportation of O2 and CO2

2. buffering for acid and alkaline

RBC formation materials
globulin and iron
 Vitamin B12,folic acid
and intrinsic factor
 White Blood Cells
3.2.2.1 Quantity and classification
4—10×109/L
Physiological functions of WBCs
1. Chemotaxis
2. Recognition and
adhesion
3. Phagocytosis
Functions of NEUTROPHILS
1. Diapedesis.
2. Ameboid motion and
Chemotaxis.
3. Phagocytosis after inflammation,
Neutrophils always increase.
Functions of EOSINOPHILS
1. Phagocytize and digest the
combined antigen-antibody
complex
2. Increase during parasite
infection
Functions of BASOPHILS
Contain Heparin,
Slow Reactive
Substance (SRS) and
Histamine.
Function of MONOCYTES

1. Strong
PHAGOCYTOSIS
Functions of LYMPHOCYTES
1. T cells: the cellular
immunity
2. B cells: the humoral
immunity
Platelet
Configuration
Platelets areand quantity

produced from
stem cells via
megakaryocytes
The are about
(100~300)×109/L
Platelet
Adhesion and aggregation
Configuration and quantity
1. Adhesion is the ability
to adhere to foreign
surfaces such as
collagen , it is
reversible: caused by
ADP.
2. Aggregation
irreversible:
Platelet
Release functionsand quantity
Configuration
1. ADP, 5-HT, prostaglandin,
platelet factor 3
2. Attraction function
(attract coagulation
factors)
3. Contractile function
(contain an actomyosin
like protein )