Sam Palermo

Analog & Mixed-Signal Center

Texas A&M University
ECEN325: Electronics
Summer 2012
Bipolar J unction Transistor (BJ T)
BJ T Circuit Symbols
2
NPN PNP
BJ Ts are 3 terminal devices
Collector, Base, & Emitter
2 complementary BJ T devices: NPN & PNP
NPN BJ T Device Structure
3
[Sedra/Smith]
BJ Ts consist of 2 back-to-back junctions (diodes)
with a shared middle region
np & pn for the NPN transistor
Doping level varies dramatically with region
heavily doped
lightly doped
very lightly doped
PNP BJ T Device Structure
4
[Sedra/Smith]
BJ Ts consist of 2 back-to-back junctions (diodes)
with a shared middle region
pn & np for the PNP transistor
Doping level varies dramatically with region
heavily doped
lightly doped
very lightly doped
BJ T Modes of Operation
5
Mode
Base-Emitter
J unction
Base-Collector
J unction
Application
Cutoff Reverse Reverse
Digital Logic
Switch Off
Active Forward
Reverse
(Weak Forward <0.4V)
Analog
Amplifier
Saturation Forward (Strong) Forward (>0.4V)
Digital Logic
Switch On
Reverse Active Reverse Forward ??
NPN Active Mode Operation
6
[Sedra/Smith]
heavily doped
lightly doped
very lightly doped