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ylira mirp sdneped no ne mo nehp siht hguo htlA .W/C006 fo e ulav deificeps eht morf %01 yleta mixorppa
y b t e s f f o n e e b e v a h s e c n a t s i s e r l a m r e h t e hT . l e d o m 5 9 C I B V a y b d e z i r e t c a r a h c , m 0 3 x 6 . 1 , e c i v e d
P a G n I y r d n u o f a s i T B H e hT . 1 e r u g i F n i n w o h s s n o i t a l u m i s e h t y b d e t a r t s u l l i s i n o n e m o n e h p s i hT
.e s ae rc ed t s u m ec i v ed d no ce s e h t f o t ner r uc e h t ,s e sa er c ni t n err uc s t i sa , se s aer ce d e ci ved
tsrif eht fo ebV sa ,ne hT .rucco ton lli w kcab -dlo f eht esuac ot yrassecen ebV fo eula v eht ,relooc ylthgils
s n u r ,l el l arap n i d et ce n noc , l le c d noc e s a fI .s e sa erc ni t ne rr u c rot ce l loc s a e sa erc ed o t yl la ut n e v e l le c a fo
) eb V( e g a t l o v r e t t i m e - o t - e s a b e h t s e s u a c g n i t a e h - f l e s e s u a c e b s r u c c o t I . ] 1 [ . s r o t s i s n a r t r e w o p n i e s p a l l o c
t ne rr uc o t ,e sa c e m er t xe t so m e h t n i , sda el no n e mo n e hp si hT . ffo d e nr u t er a sr e h to e h t el i h w s tc ud noc
ec i ved re wop a n i l le c e no hc i h w n i , g ni g go h t ne rr uc la ci s s al c t ne v erp o t si nre c no c l at ne m ad n u f A
seciveD llecitluM fo ytilibatS lamrehT .A
.sTJB nocilis rof tseb si tsallab retti me elih w ,sTBH rof etairporppa tso m si tsallab esab
taht tniop eht eka m uiL yb esoht d na tsallab retti me no s ucof oaG yb srepap ehT .ytilibats la mreht fo tcej
-b us eht no stne mtaert reilrae eht fo eno si relkniW .thgisni rehtru f edivorp ]01 -8[ srepap retaL .]7 -6[ .la
te oaG dna ,]5-3[ .la te uiL ,]1[ relkniW fo esoht era srepap tnatrop mi tso m eht fo e moS .)( niag tnerruc
citats fo ecnedneped erutarep met eht gnitcelgen sa hc us ,sTBH ot tna veler ton era taht snoitp m ussa g ni
- y filp mis no desab si ,reve woh ,ti fo hcu M .a m melid a neeb s ya wla sah tsallab fo t nuo ma dna ep yt ehT
T S A L L AB D N A Y T I L I B A TS L A M R E H T . I I
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evah nac gnitsallab fo dohte m eht ,yllaniF .oitar egareva-ot -kaep hgih a g nivah slangis gni yfilp ma ni tnat
-rop mi yllaicepse si sihT .yltnereffid noitrotsid langis-egral tceffa suht dna ,s ya w tnere ffid ni ecived e ht
fo sc i t sir e tc ara h c noi ta r ut a s e h t tc e ffa , m ro f i n u s t n err u c ll ec e ht e k a m ot sdo h te m , g ni t sa l lab r et t i me ro
esab ,ylrali miS .stceffe yro me m fo eerged rehgih a wo hs osla dluoc seci ved hc uS .sreifilp ma re wop ni sle
- v e l R P C A r o M I h g i h r o f e l b i s n o p s e r e b d l u o c s t c e ff e h c u S . n o i t r o t s i d h g i h y l e t a n o i t r o p o r p s i d e t a r e n e g
r e w o p F R r e h g i h g n i y r r a c s l l e c e h t , n e hT . s r e h t o n a h t y l g n o r t s e r o m n e v i r d e r a s l l e c n i a t r e c , m r o f i n u
ton era stnerr uc llec eht fi ,elp maxe roF .sTBH ni s melborp rehto esuac nac stnerruc llec mrofinunoN
.]3[ sTB H ni tnedive ylralucitrap none monehp a ,espalloc tnerruc tneverp ot osla tub
, g n i l i a f m o r f s l l e c l a u d i v i d n i t n e v e r p o t y l n o t o n , l l e w s a t n a t r o p m i y l e m e r t x e e r e w s e c i v e d r e w o p e gr a l
fo sllec laudi vid ni eht ni slevel evird d na stnerruc cd fo yti mrofinu eht taht ,reve woh ,raelc e maceb yldi
-par tI .ya wanur la mreht yb de yortsed eb dluoc sTJB nocilis taht raelc sa w ti sa ,ytilibats la mreht rof sa w
t s e r e t n i l a i t i n i e hT . ] 2 , 1 [ y g o l o n h c e t r e i f i l p m a -r e w o p e t a t s - d i l o s f o g n i n n i g e b e h t e c n i s s r e n g i s e d r e i f
- i l p m a -r e w o p o t t s e r e t n i r o j a m f o t c e j b u s a n e e b e v a h s e c i v e d T E F d n a r a l o p i b h t o b n i s t c e f f e l a m r e h T
NO I T C UD O R T N I .I
Stephen Maas
Applied Wave Research, Inc.
1960 E.Grand Ave., El Segundo, CA 90245, USA
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gnika m yb deifsitas eb nac )7( ,esac siht nI .e vitagen si dnoces eht tub ,evitisop si mret tsri f eht ,reve woh
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osla si btC os ,sllec retnec eht rof regral si cj ,tceffe nI .rettoh nur yeht os ,egde e ht raen sllec e ht sa lle w
s a n o i t c u d n o c y b d e l o o c t o n e r a e r u t c u r t s e h t f o r e t n e c e h t r a e n s l l e c e h t , e c i v e d r e w o p e gr a l y n a n I
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- n u o c n e s i e c n e gr e v n o c n o n n e h W . t n i o p g n i t a r e p o c d e h t d n i f o t e l b a n u s i r o t a l u m i s e h t , s i s y l a n a n i a m o d
- e m i t n i ; s s e c o r p e c n a l a b - c i n o m r a h e h t f o e c n e gr e v n o c n o n s a t s e f i n a m s i s i h t , n o i t a l u m i s e c n a l a b - c i n o m
- ra h a nI . noi t u lo s a d n i f o t el ba eb to n ya m ro ta l u m i s t i uc ri c a , t ne t si xe no n r o tc ni t si d ni s i noi t u lo s a fI
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ero m s mees ti , melborp e ht fo gninoitidnoc-lli ereves eht fo weiv ni ,re ve woH .ebV < bbV fi neve ,tniop
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taht T fo eta mitse laitini na hti w strats ,reve woh ,rotal u mis tiucric A .dehcaer si tniop gnitarepo la mre ht
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d et ce le s eb n ac ro t ic apa c s sap y b e hT .e so pr up s i ht e vr e s na c ro t si s er ts a ll ab - es ab e ht o s ,e ta u qed a si e sab
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s i e c i ved e h t sa sl e ve l t n err u c wol yl e v it a ler t a s n i geb yl l a u s u tI . l adi os u ni s n o n s i d n a z H M fo s n e t we f
a ta srucco netfo noitallicso e hT .noitallicso ot dael nac hci h w , niag yc neuqerf - wol hgih e vah sTBH
ytilibatS .D
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lor t no c - sa ib d e n g i sed yl repo rp a fo e s u e ht yb d et a n i m il e eb n ac s m e lborp e se ht fo y n a m ,e sr u oc fO
4) Envelope frequencies are not bypassed by the ballast-resistor bypass capacitors, so envelope peaks
increase the base current, decreasing Vbe , and causing peak clipping. Distortion in amplifiers intended for
signals having high peak-to-average ratios is thus increased. For this reason, base ballast probably should be
avoided in CDMA or WCDMA amplifiers.
3) Similarly, in Class-AB amplifiers, adjusting Vbb to provide an optimum value under full drive results in
high idling current when drive is removed. In effect, the device must be biased in Class A in quiescent conditions and driven into class AB, or some sort of drive-sensing regulator must be used.
2) In Class-A amplifiers, the onset of clipping occurs at lower input power, so distortion, beyond the 1-dB
compression point, is worse.
1) Saturation of the amplifier gain occurs at lower drive levels and is harder; i.e., the difference in input
level between 1-dB compression and full saturation is less.
: s t c e f f e t n a t r o p m i f o r e b m u n a s a h s i hT . s p o r d n o i t c n u j r e t t i m e - o t - e s a b e h t n o s a i b c d e h t
, d e s a e r c n i s i e v i r d s a , s u hT . e b V g n i s a e r c e d , b b R s s o r c a p o r d e g a t l o v c d e h t s e s a e r c n i s i h T . s e s a e r c n i o s l a
t ner r uc e s ab cd e h t e sab e h t ni t nerr uc de i f it ce r e ht , se s ae rc n i e ga t s re wop e h t o t noi t at ic x e F R s A
leveL evirD htiW saiB ni segnahC .C
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ezi mini m ot pihc eht fo ezis eht ezi mini m tsu m e no ne h w egatnavdasid tcnitsid a si sihT .roticapac ssap yb
a s a l l e w s a , l l e c h c a e t a r o t s i s e r e gr a l y l l a c i s y h p a s e r i u q e r e c n a t s i s e r t s a l l a b e s a b f o e u l a v h g i h A
e z iS .B
.rucco to n seod gniggoh -tnerr uc ta ht erus ni ot erac ekat tsu m rengised
eht ,desu era sllec regnifitlu m fi ,reve woH .esaercni ezis eht sezi mini m ,pihc eht ni daehrevo noitcen noc
- r e t n i e h t s e c u d e r h c i h w , s l l e c l a u d i v i d n i e gr a l y l e v i t a l e r f o e s u e h t t u b , e z i s p i h c e h t s e s a e r c n i s r o t i c a p a c
ssap yb fo nois ulcni ehT .llec hcae ta rotsiser tsallab eht ssap yb ot elbissop yllausu si ti ,yletanutroF
. e ga t n a vd a si ht
dracsid ot esnes on seka m tI .sTJB nocilis ot evitaler ecnatsiser esab re wol rieht si sTBH gnisu rof snos
- a e r n i a m e h t f o e n o , l l a r e t f A . f l e s t i e g a t s r e w o p e h t f o y c n e i c i f f e d e d d a -r e w o p e h t g n i s a e r c e d d n a e c i v e d
revird eht fo re wop dna ezis deriuqer eht gnisaercni ,niag s reifilp ma eht sesaerced ecnatsiser esaB
no i t cud eR n ia G .A
.noitces siht ni s noitaredisnoc lareves eni maxe eW .siht od
ot ton snosaer doog ,reve woh ,era erehT .deredisnoc eb dluohs gnisaib esab ecruos -tnerr uc neve spahrep
dna ,sTBH ni des u eb dluo hs ecnatsiser tsallab esab elbissop tsetaerg eht taht s mees si ,tniop siht tA
T S A L L AB E S AB F O S T C E FFE R EH T O . IV
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ot spleh osla erutarep met hti w ni esaerced ehT .ytivitisnes erutarep met sti suht dna ,ebV no tnerruc
llec fo ecnedneped eht gnicuder yb ec nereffid siht rof setasnep moc ecnatsiser tsallab-esab egraL .regral
y c n e i c i f f e d e d d a -r e w o p n i e s a e r c e D . % 5 . 2 f o n o i t c u d e r r e w o p a g n i v i g , l l e c r e p 0 0 3 y l e t a m i x o r p p a
s i , sa ib rot ce l loc V5 .3 h ti w , ec n a t si s er d aol A - s s al c m u mi tpo ,6 e r u g iF ni de s u ec i ve d e h t r oF .e c na t s i ser
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. XI