Hiziaz district Square no: X:

Smoking cigarettes as a result of qat

chewing and vise versa
By Ibrahim M Ibrahim
Overview:
Hiziaz is one of Yemen’s capital districts, south Sana’a. Poverty
is widespread in the studied area and medical attention is
needed regarding the wrong practices. Qat is a plant with green
leaves that Yemenis usually chew to energize them (effective
substance is Cathione (amphetamine-like) ), lately because of
the high demand farmers used pesticides and unnatural
fertilizers, which increased associated morbidity rate.

Although the high rate of poverty, cigarettes smoking are very

common practice in there, by all society classes and ages.

Objective:
To evaluate the relationship between qat chewing and
cigarettes smoking.

Method:
Through an 88 individuals sample taken randomly from square
(X) regarding how qat chewing and cigarettes smoking are
connected? The following results were statistically estimated.

Result:
By interpreting the tables studied by chi-square test we
recognize that there is a relationship between qat chewing (QC)
and cigarettes smoking (CS), and thus the adverse effect of
each upon one another and give an indication for the necessity
of combating both of them at the same time.
 Do you smoke? * Do you chew qat? Crosstabulation

Do you chew
qat? Total
Yes No
Yes 34 3 37
Do you smoke?
No 38 13 51

Total 72 16 88

Chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig. Exact Sig. Exact Sig.

Value df (2-sided) (2-sided) (1-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 4.355 b 1 .037
Continuity Correction a 3.265 1 .071
Likelihood Ratio 4.724 1 .030
Fisher's Exact Test .050 .032
Linear-by-Linear
4.306 1 .038
Association
N of Valid Cases 88
a. Computed only for a 2x2 table
b. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.
73.

Interpretation:
We first put H0 there is no relationship between QC and CS.

And put H1 there is a relationship between QC and CS.

Through the calculations the X2= 4.355

And through tabulation X2 for a degree of freedom = 1, the X2

is 3.84.

Therefore; we reject the null hypothesis and accept H1.

 Bar Chart

40 Do you chew qat?

yes
no

30
Count

20

10

0
yes no
Do you smoke?

Conclusion:
There is a relationship between qat smoking and cigarettes
smoking.