WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations

CHAPTER 3 : CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

A RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS (RAM) AND RELATIVE MOLECULAR MASS (RMM)
Learning Out!"e#
You should be able to:
state the meaning of relative atomic mass based on carbon-12 scale,
state the meaning of relative molecular mass based on carbon-12 scale,
state why carbon-12 is used as a standard for determining relative atomic
mass and relative molecular mass,
calculate the relative molecular mass of substances.
Ati$it% & (refer text book pg 28 )
Re'ati$e at!"i "a## !( an e'e"ent ) Ar
= The average mass of an atom of the element
1/12 x the mass of an atom of carbon-12
Example:
Ar of =12
Ar of !=1"
Ar of #g=2$
1% The &elat've atom'c mass of an element 's (((((((((((((((((((((((%%%
(((((((((((((% )hen compare )'th 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon * 12%
2% arbon-12 's chosen beca+se 't 's a (((((((((% an, can be eas'l- han,le,%
.% /'n, the relat've atom'c masses of these elements%
Element &elat've Atom'c #ass Element &elat've Atom'c #ass
alc'+m0 a Argon0 Ar
1o,'+m0 2a 1'lver0 Ag
3ron0 /e aes'+m0 s
opper0 + 4ea,0 5b
arbon0 hlor'ne0 l
6-,rogen0 6 /lo+r'ne0 /
5otass'+m0 7 Al+m'n'+m0 Al
4'th'+m0 4' 8'nc0 8n
9rom'ne0 9r 6el'+m0 6e
Ati$it% * (refer text book pg 2: )
Re'ati$e "!'eu'ar "a## !( a #u+#tane) Mr
= The Average mass of a molec+le of the s+bstance
1/12 x the mass of an atom of carbon-12
1
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
Calculating Relative molecular mass,Mr
#r= The s+m of Ar of all atoms present 'n one molec+le
Example:
#r of ;ater0 62! = 2(1) < 1" = 18
#r of arbon ,'ox',e0 !2 = 12 < 2(1") = $$
/or 'on'c s+bstance 0 Re'ati$e (!r"u'a "a## ) Fr
= The s+m of Ar of all atoms present 'n the form+la
Example:
/r of #agnes'+m ox',e0 #g! = 2$ < 1" = $=
/r of 1o,'+m chlor',e0 2al = 2. < .>%> = >8%>
1% The relat've molec+lar mass of a molec+le 's ((((((((((((((((((
(((((((((((((((((((((% )hen compare, )'th 1/12 of the mass
of one atom of (((((((((((((((((
2% alc+late the relat've molec+lar masses of the s+bstances 'n the table belo)%
1+bstance #olec+lar form+la &elat've molec+lar mass0 #r
6-,rogen gas 62 2(1) = 2
5ropane .68
Ethanol 26>!6
9rom'ne gas 9r2
#ethane 6$
?l+cose "612!"
Ammon'a 26.
@&elat've atom'c mass : 601A 012A !01"A 9r08= A 201$ B
.% alc+late the relat've form+la masses of the follo)'ng 'on'c compo+n,s 'n the table%

1+bstance ompo+n, form+la &elat've form+la mass0 /r
5otass'+m ox',e 72! 2(.:) < 1" = :$
Al+m'n'+m s+lphate Al2(1!$). 2(2C)<.@.2<$(1")B=.$2
2
2 Hydrogen
atoms
Molecular
formula
Relative atomic mass
for Oxygen
Relative atomic mass
for Hydrogen
All A
r,
M
r
and
F
r
have no unit
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
8'nc n'trate 8n(2!.)2
Al+m'n'+m n'trate Al(2!.).
alc'+m carbonate a!.
alc'+m h-,rox',e a(!6)2
6-,rate, copper(33)
s+lphate
+1!$%>62! "$ < .2 < $(1") < >@2(1) < 1"B=2>=
6-,rate, so,'+m
carbonate
2a2!.%1=62!
1o,'+m h-,rogen
s+lphate
2a61!$
Al+m'n'+m chlor',e All.
opper(33) s+lphate +1!$
8'nc carbonate 8n!.
5otass'+m
carbonate
72!.
@&elat've atom'c mass: !01"A 012A 601A 70.: A +0"$ A 8n0 ">A l0 .>%> A Al0 2C 10.2 A
a0 $=A 2a02.A 20 1$B
, THE MOLE AND THE NUM,ER OF PARTICLES
Learning Out!"e#
You should be able to:
define a mole as the amount of matter that contains as many particles as the
number of atoms in 12 g of
12
C,
state the meaning of Avogadro constant,
relate the number of particles in one mole of a substance with the Avogadro
constant,
solve numerical problems to convert the number of moles to the number of
particles of a given substance and vice versa.
3
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
Ati$it% 3 (refer text book pg .= )
1% To ,escr'be the amo+nt of atoms0 'ons or molec+les 0 mole 's +se,%
2% A mole 's an amo+nt of s+bstance that conta'ns as man- part'cles as the ((((((%%
(((((((((((((((((((((((%% 'n exactl- 12g of carbon-12%
.% A mole 's an amo+nt of s+bstance )h'ch conta'ns a constant n+mber of part'cles
atoms0 'ons0 molec+les )h'ch 's "%=2 x 1=
2.

$% The n+mber "%=2 x 1=
2.
's calle, (((((((((((((( (2A)
>% 3n other )or,s:
1 mol of atom'c s+bstance conta'ns (((((((((((% atoms
1 mol of molec+lar s+bstance conta'ns (((((((((((% molec+les
1 mol of 'on'c s+bstance conta'ns ((
(((((((((((%% form+la +n'ts
"% &elat'onsh'p bet)een n+mber of moles an, n+mber of part'cles (atom/'on/molec+les):

x Avoga,ro onstant

A
voga,ro onstant

2+mber of moles 2+mber of part'cles
=%> mol of carbon atoms

(((((((((((((( atoms of carbon
=%2 moles of h-,rogen gas ( 62) (') ((((((((((%%molec+les
of h-,rogen gas
('') (((((((((((%Atoms of h-,rogen
2 mol of carbon ,'ox',e molec+les ((((((x 1=
2.
molec+les of carbon ,'ox',e gas
conta'ns :
((((((% atoms of an,
(((((((% atoms of !
4
n+mber of moles


n+mber of part'cles


WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
=%==C mol of calc'+m 'ons ((((((((( calc'+m 'ons
((((((((((% mol of )ater "%=2 x 1=
2>
molec+les of )ater
=%$ mol of oDone gas ( !.) (((((((%x 1=
2.
molec+les of oDone0
conta'ns :
((((((((( atoms of !x-gen%

C% omplete these sentences %
a) 1 mol of calc'+m conta'ns ((((((((((((((((%% atoms
b) 2 mol of 'ron conta'ns ((((((((((((((((((%% atoms
c) 2 mol of magnes'+m ox',e0 (#g!) conta'ns ((((((((((((((((%% 'ons
,) 2 mol of so,'+m carbonate0 (2a2!.) conta'ns (((((((((((((((%
e) . mol of carbon ,'ox',e0 (!2) conta'ns ((((((((((((((%% molec+les
f) =%> mol opper (33) n'trate0 +(2!.)2 conta'ns (((((((((((((%% +
2<
'ons
an, (((((((((((((((((((% 2!.
-
'ons
C NUM,ER OF MOLES AND MASS OF SU,STANCES
Learning Out!"e#
You should be able to:
state the meaning of molar mass,
relate molar mass to the Avogadro constant,
relate molar mass of a substance to its relative atomic mass or relative molecular mass,
solve numerical problems to convert the number of moles of a given substance to its
mass and vice versa.
Ati$it% - (refer text book pg .. )

1% The molar mass of a s+bstance
= The molar mass of EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE mole of the s+bstance%
= The mass of (2A) n+mber of part'cles
= The mass of EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE part'cles

WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations

x #olar mass



2% alc+lat'ng the #ass from a n+mber of #oles
2+mber of moles = % mass of the s+bstance %
#ass of 1 mole of the s+bstance
T.ere(!re :
#ass of s+bstance = 2+mber of moles x #ass of 1 mole
Example 1 : ;hat 's the mass of 2 moles of carbon F
#ass = 2 x 12
= 2$g
Example 2 : ;hat 's the mass of 2 moles of 62! F
#ass = 2 x @ 2(1) < 1" B
= ."g
.% alc+late the masses of these s+bstances
a) 2 moles of al+m'n'+m atoms
#ass =
b) 1= moles of 'o,'ne atoms
#ass =
c) . moles of l'th'+m atoms
#ass =
,) =%> moles of ox-gen gas (!2)
#ass =
e) =%1 moles of so,'+m
#ass =
f) 2 moles of chlor'ne molec+les (l2)
#ass =
g) 1 mole of carbon ,'ox',e ( !2)
#ass =
h) . moles of n'tr'c ac',0 ( 62!. )
#ass =
') 2 moles of calc'+m carbonate (a!. )
#ass =
G) =%2> moles of calc'+m chlor',e (al2 )
#ass =
!
"um#er of moles Mass in g
#olar mass
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
k) =%2> moles of so,'+m h-,rox',e (2a!6)
#ass =
l) =%2> moles of so,'+m carbonate (2a2!.)
#ass =
m) =%> moles of potass'+m manganate (H33)
(7#n!$)
#ass =
n) =%2> moles of h-,rate, magnes'+m s+lphate
(#g1!$%C62!)
#ass =
Ati$it% /
$% alc+late the 2+mber of #oles from a g'ven #ass
Example : 6o) man- moles are there 'n 88g of !2
2+mber of moles = 88 = 2 moles
$$
a) 2g of hel'+m atoms
2+mber of moles =
b) "g of carbon atoms
2+mber of moles =
c) 1"g of hel'+m atoms
2+mber of moles =
,) $g of s+lph+r atoms
2+mber of moles =
e) $g of ox-gen molec+les (!2)
2+mber of moles =
f) 21.g of chlor'ne molec+les (l2)
2+mber of moles =
g) =%>"g of n'trogen molec+les (22)
2+mber of moles =
h) 2>$g of 'o,'ne molec+les (32)
2+mber of moles =
') 88g of carbon ,'ox',e (!2)
2+mber of moles =
G) .%1g of s+lph+r ,'ox',e (1!2)
2+mber of moles =
k) >"=g of potass'+m h-,rox',e (7!6)
2+mber of moles =
l) .:2g of s+lph+r'c ac', (621!$)
2+mber of moles =
$
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
m) 1C=g of ammon'a (26.)
2+mber of moles =
n) 12=g of magnes'+m ox',e (#g!)
2+mber of moles =
o) $g of so,'+m h-,rox',e (2a!6)
2+mber of moles =
p) C.g of h-,rogen chor',e (6l)
2+mber of moles =
I) 1>%8g of potass'+m manganate (H33)
7#n!$
2+mber of moles =
r) 8g of ammon'+m n'trate (26$2!.)
2+mber of moles =
s) =%C8g of al+m'n'+m h-,rox',e Al(!6).
2+mber of moles =
t) =%:2g of ethanol (26>!6)
2+mber of moles =
Ati$it% 0
>% omplete the follo)'ng table%
Element/compo+n,
hem'cal
form+lae #olar mass alc+late
opper + &A#= "$ (a)#ass of 1 mol = (((((g
(b) #ass of 2 mol = ((((% g
(c)#ass of J mol = ((((%g
(,)#ass of .%=1x1=
2.
+ atoms
=
1o,'+m h-,rox',e 2a!6 &/#= $= (a) #ass of . mol of so,'+m h-,rox',e =

(b) 2+mber of moles of so,'+m h-,rox',e 'n
2= g =
8'nc n'trate 8n(2!.)2 &/# = a) 2+mber of moles 'n .C%8 g of D'nc n'trate :
%
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
D NUM,ER OF MOLES AND VOLUME OF 1AS
Learning Outcomes
You should be able to:
state the meaning of molar volume of a gas,
relate molar volume of a gas to the Avogadro constant,
mae generali!ation on the molar volume of a gas at a given temperature and
pressure,
calculate the volume of gases at "#$ or room conditions from the number of moles
and vice versa,
solve numerical problems involving number of particles, number of moles, mass of
substances and volume of gases at "#$ or room conditions.
Ati$it% 2 (refer text book pg ."0 .C )
1% The "!'ar $!'u"e of a gas 's ,ef'ne, as the (((((((((((((((((((%
(((((((((((((((((((((((%
2% !ne mole of an- gas al)a-s has the ((((((((((((((((( +n,er the same
temperat+re an, press+re%
.% The molar vol+me of an- gas 's
*- 3"
3
at (((((((((((((((((( or
**4- 3"
3
at (((((((((((((((((%
Example :
1 mol of ox-gen gas0 1 mol of ammon'a gas0 1 mol hel'+m gas an, 1 mol s+lph+r ,'ox',e gas occ+p'es
the same vol+me of 2$ ,m
.
at room con,'t'on
x 22%$ / 2$ ,m
.

x 22%$/2$ ,m
.
22%$/2$ ,m
.
$% alc+late the $!'u"e !( ga# 'n the follo)'ng n+mbers of moles at 1T5
Example : /'n, the vol+me of 1 mole of !2 gas
Hol+me = n+mber of moles x 22%$ ,m
.
= 1 x 22%$ ,m
.
= 22%$ ,m
.
&
"um#er of moles of
gas
'olume of gas
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
a) . moles of ox-gen
Hol+me =
b) 2 moles of 6$
Hol+me =
c) =%. moles of Argon
Hol+me =
,) =%2 moles of 1!.
Hol+me =
e) =%1 moles of 22
Hol+me =
f) 1%> mol of 22
Hol+me =
>% omplete the ,'agram belo) % (&efer to 5age ..0.$ K .8-hem'str- textbook)

Ati$it% 5
S!'$e t.e#e nu"eria' 6r!+'e"#
1% ;hat 's the vol+me of =%. mole of s+lph+r ,'ox',e gas at 1T5F
@#olar vol+me: 22%$ ,m
.
mol
-1
at 1T5B
(Ans: "%C2 ,m
.
)
2% /'n, the n+mber of moles of ox-gen gas conta'ne, 'n a sample of 12= cm
.
of the gas
at room con,'t'ons%
@#olar vol+me: 2$ ,m
.
mol
-1
at room con,'t'onsB
(Ans: =%==> mol)
1(
'olume of gas
)dm
3
*
"um#er of moles Mass in gram "o of +articles
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
.% alc+late the n+mber of )ater molec+les 'n := g of )ater0 62!%
@&elat've atom'c mass: 60 1A !0 1"% Avoga,ro constant0 %A: "%=2 x 1=
2.
mol
-1
B
(AnsA .%=1x 1=
2$
molec+les)
$% ;hat 's the vol+me of 2$ g methane 06$ at 1T5F
@&elat've atom'c mass: 60 1A 0 12% #olar vol+me: 22%$ ,m
.
mol
-1
at 1T5B
(Ans: ..%" ,m
.
)
>% 6o) man- al+m'n'+m 'ons are there 'n 2=%$ g of al+m'n'+m ox',e0 Al2!.F
@&elat've atom'c mass: !0 1"A Al0 2C% Avoga,ro constant0 %A: "%=2 x 1=
2.
mol
-
(2 x =%2 x "%=2 x1=
2.
)
"% alc+late the n+mber of h-,rogen molec+les conta'ne, 'n " ,m
.
of h-,rogen gas at
room con,'t'ons%
@#olar vol+me: 2$ ,m
.
mol
-1
at room con,'t'ons Avoga,ro constant0 %A: "%=2 x 1=
2.

mol
-1
B

(Ans: 1%>=>x1=
2.
molec+les)
11
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
C% /'n, the vol+me of n'trogen 'n cm
.
at 1T5 that cons'sts of 2%$=8 x 1=
2.
n'trogen molec+les%
@#olar vol+me: 22%$ ,m
.
mol
-1
at 1T5% Avoga,ro constant0 %A: "%=2 x 1=
2.
mol
-1
B

(Ans: 8%:" ,m
.
)
E CHEMICAL FORMULAE
Learning Out!"e#
You should be able to
state the meaning of chemical formula
state the meaning of empirical formula
state the meaning of molecular formula
determine empirical and molecular formula of substances
compare and contrast empirical formula with molecular formula
solve numerical problems involving empirical and molecular formula.
write ionic formula of ions
construct chemical formulaf ionic compounds
state names of chemical compounds using &'$AC nomenclature.
use symbols and chemical formula for easy and systematic communication in the field
of chemistry.
ACTIVIT7 8 (&efer text book pg $=)
1) A Chemical formula - A representat'on of a chem'cal s+bstance +s'ng letters for
((((((((((((((( an, s+bscr'pts to sho) the n+mbers of each t-pe of
((((((((%% that are present 'n the s+bstance%


2) omplete th's table
hem'cal s+btance hem'cal
form+lae
2otes
;ater (((((%% 2 atoms of 6 comb'ne )'th 1 atom of !
12
H
2
1+bscr'pt sho)s 2
h',rogen atoms 'n
a molec+le
The letter 6
sho)s
(((((%
(((((%
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
(((%% 26. ((% atoms of 6 comb'ne )'th 1 atom of 2
5ropane
.68 ((%% atoms of comb'ne )'th ((% atoms of
6
#agnes'+m ox',e
(((((%% (((((((((((((((((%
((((((%% 621!$ (((((((((((((((((
.)% There are t)o t-pes of chem'cal form+lae% omplete the follo)'ng:
LL (mpirical )ormula The s'mplest (((( (((%% rat'o of atoms of each (((%
'n the compo+n,%
LL *olecular )ormula The act+al ((((( of atoms of each ((((( that are
present 'n a molec+le of the compo+n,
&emember:
(+ample: (') ompo+n, * Ethene ('') ompo+n, * ?l+cose
#olec+lar form+la -
4 2
H C #olec+lar form+la -
! 12 !
H C
Emp'r'cal form+la - %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Emp'r'cal form+la - %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Ati$it% &9
1 /'n, the emp'r'cal form+la of a compo+n,
Example of calc+lat'on:
a) ;hen &&48/ g of metal , oxide 's re,+ce, b- h-,rogen0 &943/ g of "eta' : 's
pro,+ce,% /'n, the emp'r'cal form+la of metal M ox',e @ &A#A M02=CA !01" B
Element M !
#ass of element(g) 1=%.> 11%:>-1=%.>
2+mber of moles of atoms 1=%.>N2=C (11%:>-1=%.>)N1"
&at'o of moles
1'mplest rat'o of moles
Emp'r'cal form+la : ((((
b) A certa'n compo+n, conta'ns the follo)'ng compos't'on:
2a 1>%2.O0 9r >2%:8O 0 ! .1%C:O0 @ &A# : !0 1"A 2a0 2.A 9r08=B
(Ass+me that 1==g of s+bstance 's +se,)
Element 2a 9r !
#ass of element(g) 1>%2. >2%:8 .1%C:
13
#olec+lar form+la = (Emp'r'cal form+la)n
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
2+mber of moles atoms 1>%2. N2. >2%:8N8= .1%C:N1"
&at'o of moles
1'mplest rat'o of moles
Emp'r'cal form+la:: ((((((((((((((((((%
c) omplete the table belo)%
ompo+n, #olec+lar /orm+la Emp'r'cal form+la Hal+e of n
;ater 62!
arbon P'ox',e !2 !2
1+lph+r'c Ac', 621!$
Ethene 26$ 62
9enDene "6"
?l+cose "612!"
,) 2%>2g of a h-,rocarbon conta'ns 2%1" g of carbon% The relat've molec+lar mass of the
h-,rocarbon 's 8$% @&A# 601A 012B
'% /'n, the emp'r'cal form+la of the h-,rocarbon
''% /'n, the molec+lar form+la of the carbon%
Ati$it% && :C.e"ia' F!r"u'a (!r i!ni !"6!un3#:
omplete the table belo) :
at'on /orm+la An'on /orm+la
6-,rogen 'on
+
H
/lo+r',e 'on

F
4'th'+m 'on hlor',e 'on
1o,'+m 'on 9rom',e 'on
5otass'+m 'on 3o,',e 'on
#agnes'+m 'on 6-,rox',e 'on
14
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
alc'+m 'on
+ 2
Ca
2'trate 'on
9ar'+m 'on
+ 2
!a
#anganate(H33) 'on
opper(33) 'on Ethanoate 'on

C CH
3
3ron(33) 'on
2

3ron (333) 'on 1+lphate 'on

4ea, (33) 'on 1+lph',e 'on
2
"
8'nc 'on arbonate 'on
hrom'+m (333) 'on P'chromate (H3) 'on
2
$ 2
Cr
Al+m'n'+m 'on
+ 3
Al
3
4
#
Ammon'+m 'on hromate (H3) 'on
A$ti$it% &*
a) hem'cal form+la of an 'on'c compo+n, compr's'ng of the 'ons M
m<
an, Q
n-
's constr+cte,
b- exchang'ng the charges of each element% The form+la obta'ne, )'ll MnQm
Example : 1o,'+m ox',e opper (33) n'trate

2a
<
!
2-
+
2<
2!.
-

<1 -2 <2 -1
2 1 1 2

= 2a2! = %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
b) onstr+ct a chem'cal form+la for each of the follo)'ng 'on'c compo+n,s:
(') #agnes'+m chlor',e ('') 5otass'+m carbonate
(''') alc'+m s+lphate ('v) opper (33) ox',e
(v) 1'lver n'trate (v') 8'nc n'trate
(v'') Al+m'n'+m ox',e (v''') 3ron(33) h-,rox',e
('x) 4ea,(33) s+lph',e (x) hrom'+m(333) s+lphate
1
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations

CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
Learning Out!"e#
You should be able to
1. state the meaning of chemical e-uation
identify the reactants and products of a chemical e-uation
2. write and balance chemical e-uations
.. interpret chemical e-uations -uantitatively and -ualitatively
/. solve numerical problems using chemical e-uations
0. identify positive scientific attitudes and values practiced by scientist in doing research
1. 2ustify the need to practice positive scientific attitudes and good values in doing researsh
3. use chemical e-uations for easy and systematic communication in the field of chemistry.
Ati$it% &3 (refer text book pg $8)
Example: (s) <
2

(g)
2
C
(g)
&eactant pro,+ct
1) Qua'itati$e aspect of chem'cal eI+at'on:
a) Arro) 'n the eI+at'on the )a- the react'on 's occ+rr'ng
b) 1+bstances on the left-han, s',e ((((((((%%
c) 1+bstances on the r'ght-han, s',e (((((((((
,) 1tate of each s+bstance (((: (s)0 (((((((l)0 gas (((%an, aI+eo+s sol+t'on
((((((%
2) Quantitati$e aspect of chem'cal eI+at'ons
oeff'c'ents 'n a balance, eI+at'on the exact proport'ons of reactants an, pro,+cts 'n
eI+at'on%
Example: 2
2
H (g) <
2
(g) 2 H
2
(l)
(3nterpret'ng): 2 molec+les (2 mol) of
2
H react )'th 1 molec+le (1 mol) of
2
to pro,+ce, 2
molec+les(2 mol) of )ater
omplete the follo)'ng )or, eI+at'ons an, )r'te 'n chem'cal eI+at'on
a) 1o,'+m < chlor'ne ((((((((((%%
(((( < ((((( 2al
b) arbon < (((%% arbon ,'ox',e
(((% < (((( ((((((((%%
c) 1+lph+r < ox-gen (((((((((((
1!
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
(((%% < (((%% ((((((((((%%
,) 8'nc < ox-gen ((((((((((((%%
(((( < !2 ((((((((((((%%
.) ;r'te a balance, eI+at'on for each of the follo)'ng react'ons an, 'nterpret the eI+at'ons
I+ant'tat'vel-%
(a)% arbon monox',e gas < ox-gen gas carbon ,'ox',e gas
(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((
3nterpret'ng:
(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((
(b)% 6-,rogen gas < n'trogen gas ammon'a gas
(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%
3nterpret'ng:
((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%%
(c)% Al+m'n'+m < 3ron (333) ox',e al+m'n'+m ox',e < 3ron
(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%
3nterpret'ng:
(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%
Ati$it% &-
LL 2+mer'cal 5roblems 3nvolv'ng hem'cal EI+at'ons
6-,rogen perox',e ,ecomposes accor,'ng to the follo)'ng eI+at'on:
2
2 2
H
(l) 2
H
2
(l) <
2

(g)
1)% alc+late the $!'u"e !( !;%gen ga#0
2
meas+re, at 1T5 that can be obta'ne, from the
,ecompos't'on of .$ g of h-,rogen perox',e0
2 2
H %
@&elat've atom'c mass : 60 1 A !0 1"% #olar vol+me : 22%$
3
dm
1
mol at 1T5B
1$
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
(Ans: 11%2 ,m
.
)
2)%1'lver carbonate Ag2!. breaks ,o)n eas'l- )hen heate, to pro,+ce s'lver metal
2 Ag2!.(l) $
A$
(s) < 2
2
C (g) <
2

/'n, the "a## !( #i'$er ar+!nate that 's reI+'re, to pro,+ce 1= g of s'lver
@&elat've atom'c mass: 0 12 A !0 1" A Ag0 1=8B
(Ans : 12%CCg)
.)% 1" g of copper (33) ox',e0 Cu 's reacte, )'th excess methane0
4
CH % Rs'ng the eI+at'on belo)0 f'n,
the mass of copper that 's pro,+ce,%
@&elat've atom'c mass : +0 "$ A !0 1"B
$ Cu(s) <
4
CH
(g) $ Cu (s) <
2
C
(g) < 2
H
2
(l4

(Ans : 12%8 g)
1%
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
$)% A st+,ent heats 2= g of calc'+m carbonate
3
CaC
strongl-% 3t ,ecomposes accor,'ng to the
eI+at'on belo):
3
CaC
(s) Ca (s) <
2
C (g)%
(a)% 3f the carbon ,'ox',e pro,+ce, 's collecte, at room con,'t'ons0 )hat 's 'ts vol+meF
(b)% alc+late the mass of calc'+m ox',e0 Ca pro,+ce,%
@&elat've atom'c mass: 0 12 A !0 1"A a0 $=% #olar vol+me :
2$ ,m
.

1
mol at room con,'t'onsB
(Ans : (a)% $%8 ,m
.
(b) 11%2 g)
1&