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3 Chemical Formulae and Equations
3 Chemical Formulae and Equations
(g)
2
C
(g)
&eactant pro,+ct
1) Qua'itati$e aspect of chem'cal eI+at'on:
a) Arro) 'n the eI+at'on the )a- the react'on 's occ+rr'ng
b) 1+bstances on the left-han, s',e ((((((((%%
c) 1+bstances on the r'ght-han, s',e (((((((((
,) 1tate of each s+bstance (((: (s)0 (((((((l)0 gas (((%an, aI+eo+s sol+t'on
((((((%
2) Quantitati$e aspect of chem'cal eI+at'ons
oeff'c'ents 'n a balance, eI+at'on the exact proport'ons of reactants an, pro,+cts 'n
eI+at'on%
Example: 2
2
H (g) <
2
(g) 2 H
2
(l)
(3nterpret'ng): 2 molec+les (2 mol) of
2
H react )'th 1 molec+le (1 mol) of
2
to pro,+ce, 2
molec+les(2 mol) of )ater
omplete the follo)'ng )or, eI+at'ons an, )r'te 'n chem'cal eI+at'on
a) 1o,'+m < chlor'ne ((((((((((%%
(((( < ((((( 2al
b) arbon < (((%% arbon ,'ox',e
(((% < (((( ((((((((%%
c) 1+lph+r < ox-gen (((((((((((
1!
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
(((%% < (((%% ((((((((((%%
,) 8'nc < ox-gen ((((((((((((%%
(((( < !2 ((((((((((((%%
.) ;r'te a balance, eI+at'on for each of the follo)'ng react'ons an, 'nterpret the eI+at'ons
I+ant'tat'vel-%
(a)% arbon monox',e gas < ox-gen gas carbon ,'ox',e gas
(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((
3nterpret'ng:
(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((
(b)% 6-,rogen gas < n'trogen gas ammon'a gas
(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%
3nterpret'ng:
((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%%
(c)% Al+m'n'+m < 3ron (333) ox',e al+m'n'+m ox',e < 3ron
(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%
3nterpret'ng:
(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((%
Ati$it% &-
LL 2+mer'cal 5roblems 3nvolv'ng hem'cal EI+at'ons
6-,rogen perox',e ,ecomposes accor,'ng to the follo)'ng eI+at'on:
2
2 2
H
(l) 2
H
2
(l) <
2
(g)
1)% alc+late the $!'u"e !( !;%gen ga#0
2
meas+re, at 1T5 that can be obta'ne, from the
,ecompos't'on of .$ g of h-,rogen perox',e0
2 2
H %
@&elat've atom'c mass : 60 1 A !0 1"% #olar vol+me : 22%$
3
dm
1
mol at 1T5B
1$
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
(Ans: 11%2 ,m
.
)
2)%1'lver carbonate Ag2!. breaks ,o)n eas'l- )hen heate, to pro,+ce s'lver metal
2 Ag2!.(l) $
A$
(s) < 2
2
C (g) <
2
/'n, the "a## !( #i'$er ar+!nate that 's reI+'re, to pro,+ce 1= g of s'lver
@&elat've atom'c mass: 0 12 A !0 1" A Ag0 1=8B
(Ans : 12%CCg)
.)% 1" g of copper (33) ox',e0 Cu 's reacte, )'th excess methane0
4
CH % Rs'ng the eI+at'on belo)0 f'n,
the mass of copper that 's pro,+ce,%
@&elat've atom'c mass : +0 "$ A !0 1"B
$ Cu(s) <
4
CH
(g) $ Cu (s) <
2
C
(g) < 2
H
2
(l4
(Ans : 12%8 g)
1%
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2010 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
$)% A st+,ent heats 2= g of calc'+m carbonate
3
CaC
strongl-% 3t ,ecomposes accor,'ng to the
eI+at'on belo):
3
CaC
(s) Ca (s) <
2
C (g)%
(a)% 3f the carbon ,'ox',e pro,+ce, 's collecte, at room con,'t'ons0 )hat 's 'ts vol+meF
(b)% alc+late the mass of calc'+m ox',e0 Ca pro,+ce,%
@&elat've atom'c mass: 0 12 A !0 1"A a0 $=% #olar vol+me :
2$ ,m
.
1
mol at room con,'t'onsB
(Ans : (a)% $%8 ,m
.
(b) 11%2 g)
1&