ANCOL ANDEHIT AXIT CACBOXYLIC

ANCOL
1. Mt ancol no n cha c %H = 13,04% v khi lng. Cng thc ca ancol l :
A. C6H5CH2OH.
B. CH3OH.
C. C2H5OH.
D. CH2=CHCH2OH.
2. Mt th tch hi ancol A tc dng vi Na to ra mt na th tch kh H2 cng iu kin nhit , p sut.
Mc khc ancol A lm mt mu dung dch nc brom. CTPT ca ancol A l:
A. C3H6O3
B. C3H6O
C. C2H6O
D. C2H6O2
3. C bao nhiu ru (ancol) bc 2, no, n chc, mch h l ng phn cu to ca nhau m phn t ca
chng c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 68,18%? (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O = 16)
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
CD 2007
4. Cho m gam hn hp X gm phenol v etanol phn ng hon ton vi natri (d), thu c 2,24 lt kh H 2
(ktc). Mt khc, phn ng hon ton vi m gam X cn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,0.
B. 21,0.
C. 14,0.
D. 10,5.
CDA 2011
Dng 1: Phn ng tch nc (to ete v anken)
5. Khi un nng butan-2-ol vi H2SO4 c 1700C th nhn c sn phm chnh l :
A. but-2-en.
B. ibutyl ete.
C. ietyl ete.
D. but-1-en.
6. A l ancol n chc c % O (theo khi lng) l 18,18%. A cho Phn ng tch nc to 3 anken. A c tn
l
A. Pentan-1-ol.
B. 2-metylbutan-2-ol.
C. pentan-2-ol.
D. 2,2-imetyl propan-1-ol.
7. un nng hn hp X gm 0,1 mol CH 3OH v 0,2 mol C2H5OH vi H2SO4 c 1400C, khi lng ete thu
c l :
A. 12,4 gam.
B. 7 gam.
C. 9,7 gam.
D. 15,1 gam.
8. hirat ha 14,8 gam ancol thu c 11,2 gam anken. CTPT ca ancol l :
A. C2H5OH.
B. C3H7OH.
C. C4H9OH.
D. CnH2n + 1OH.
9. un nng t t hn hp etanol v propan-2-ol vi H2SO4 c c th thu c ti a s sn phm hu c
l : A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 5.
D. 4.
H 2SO 4
Br2
170
0C X
Y . Hi Y l:
10. Cho chui phn ng: Etanol
A. Etylbromua
B. Metylbromua
C. 1,1-ibrometan
D. 1,2-ibrometan
0
11. un mt ancol vi H2SO4 c 170 C thu c 3 anken c cng CTPT l C 6H12. Hidro ha 3 anken u
thu c 2-metylpentan. CTCT ca ancol l:
A. CH3CH(CH2OH)CH2CH2CH3
B. (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH2CH3
C. (CH3)2CHCH2CH2CH2(OH)
D. (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH2CH3
12. Hirat ha propen v mt olefin A thu c 3 ancol c s C trong phn t khng qu 4. Tn ca A l :
A. etilen.
B. but-2-en.
C. isobutilen.
D. A, B u ng.
13. Khi tch nc t ru (ancol) 3-metylbutanol-2 (hay 3-metylbutan-2-ol), sn phm chnh thu c l
A. 3-metylbuten-1 (hay 3-metylbut-1-en).
B. 2-metylbuten-2 (hay 2-metylbut-2-en).
C. 3-metylbuten-2 (hay 3-metylbut-2-en).
DHA 2008
D. 2-metylbuten-3 (hay 2-metylbut-3-en).
Dng 2: Phn ng oxi ha (khng hon ton v hon ton)
14. Khi t chy hon ton mt ancol mch h thu c n CO n H O , ancol l:
A. Ancol no, n chc
B. Ancol no, n chc hoc a chc
C. Ancol khng no, n chc hoc a chc D. Ancol khng no, a chc
15. t chy hn hp X gm hai ru ng ng k tip, thu c 5,6 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 6,3g H2O. Mt khc
ete ho hn hp X thu c 3 ete n chC. Cng thc phn t ca hai ru?
A. C3H5OH; C4H7OH
B. CH3OH; C2H5OH
C. C2H5OH; C3H7OH
D. C3H7OH; C4H9OH
16. X l mt ancol no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X cn 11,2 gam oxi, thu c hi nc v 13,2
gam CO2. Cng thc ca X l:
A. C2H4(OH)2
B. C3H7OH
C. C3H5(OH)3
D. C3H6(OH)2
17. t chy hon ton x mol hn hp X gm mt s ancol thuc cng dy ng ng. Sn phm thu c cho
hp th ht vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy c 29,55 gam kt ta xut hin v khi lng dung
dch gim 18,45 gam so vi ban u. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 0,05
B. 0,1
C. 0,15
D. 0,2
18. Oxi ha 6 gam ancol no X thu c 5,8 gam anehit. CTPT ca ancol l :
2

A. CH3CH2OH.
B. CH3CH(OH)CH3. C. CH3CH2CH2OH. D. Kt qu khc.
19. Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO (un nng), sinh ra mt sn phm hu c duy nht l xeton Y (t
khi hi ca Y so vi kh hiro bng 29). Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH3-CHOH-CH3.
B. CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH3.
C. CH3-CO-CH3.
D. CH3-CH2-CH2-OH.
CD 2008
20. Cho hn hp X gm hai ancol a chc, mch h, thuc cng dy ng ng. t chy hon ton hn hp
X, thu c CO2 v H2O c t l mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Hai ancol l
A. C3H5(OH)3 v C4H7(OH)3.
B. C2H5OH v C4H9OH.
C. C2H4(OH)2 v C4H8(OH)2.
D. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H6(OH)2.
DHA 2009
21. un nng hn hp hai ancol n chc, mch h vi H 2SO4 c, thu c hn hp gm cc ete. Ly 7,2 gam
mt trong cc ete em t chy hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 7,2 gam H2O. Hai ancol
l:
A. C2H5OH v CH2=CH-CH2-OH.
B. C2H5OH v CH3OH.
C. CH3OH v C3H7OH.
D. CH3OH v CH2=CH-CH2-OH.
DHA 2009
22. Tch nc hn hp gm ancol etylic v ancol Y ch to ra 2 anken. t chy cng s mol mi ancol th
lng nc sinh ra t ancol ny bng 5/3 ln lng nc sinh ra t ancol kia. Ancol Y l
A. CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3.
B. CH3-CH2-CH2-OH.
C. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH.
D. CH3-CH(OH)-CH3.
DHA 2010
23. t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp X gm 3 ancol thuc cng dy ng ng thu c 6,72 lt kh CO 2
(ktc) v 9,90 gam H2O. Nu un nng cng lng hn hp X nh trn vi H2SO4 c nhit thch hp
chuyn ht thnh ete th tng khi lng ete thu c l
A. 6,45 gam.
B. 5,46 gam.
C. 4,20 gam.
D. 7,40 gam. CDA 2011
24. S ancol ng phn cu to ca nhau c cng thc phn t C 5H12O, tc dng vi CuO un nng sinh ra xeton
l
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 4.
CDA 2011
ANHIT-XTON TRONG CAC THI H-C
Cu 1 (H A/07): Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O)
trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi axit HNO3 long, thot ra 2,24 lt kh
NO
(sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)
A. CH3CHO.
B. HCHO.
C. CH3CH2CHO.
D. CH2 = CHCHO
Cu 2 (H A/07): Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch
NH3, un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam
Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho Na = 23, Ag = 108)
A. HCHO.
B. CH3CHO.
C. OHC-CHO.
D. CH3CH(OH)CHO
Cu 3 (H B/07): Cho 2,9 gam mt anehit phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung
dch NH3 thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca anehit l
A. HCHO.
B. CH3CHO.
C. CH2=CH-CHO.
D. OHC-CHO.
Cu 4 (H B/07): Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y CH3COOH. Hai cht X, Y ln lt l
A. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH2.
B. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO.
C. CH3CHO v CH3CH2OH.
D. CH3CH(OH)COOH v CH3CHO.
Cu 5 (H A/08): un nng V lt hi anehit X vi 3V lt kh H2 (xc tc Ni) n khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton ch thu c mt hn hp kh Y c th tch 2V lt (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p
sut). Ngng t Y thu c cht Z; cho Z tc dng vi Na sinh ra H2 c s mol bng s mol Z phn ng.
Cht X l anehit
A. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), hai chc.
B. no, hai chc.
C. no, n chc.
D. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), n chc.
Cu 6 (H A/08): Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ru (ancol) no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng tc dng vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c mt hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi Y (c t khi hi so
vi H2 l 13,75). Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3 un
nng, sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,8.
B. 8,8.
C. 7,4.
D. 9,2.
Cu 7 (H A/08): Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d Ag2O (hoc
AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3 un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch
HNO3 c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca X l

A. C3H7CHO.
B. HCHO.
C. C4H9CHO.
D. C2H5CHO.
Cu 8 (H B/08) : Oxi ho 1,2 gam CH3OH bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp sn
phm X (gm HCHO, H2O v CH3OH d). Cho ton b X tc dng vi lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3)
trong dung dch NH3, c 12,96 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ho CH3OH l
A. 76,6%.
B. 80,0%.
C. 65,5%.
D. 70,4%.
Cu 9 (C 08): Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d Ag2O (hoc
AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng Ag to thnh l
A. 21,6 gam.
B. 10,8 gam.
C. 43,2 gam.
D. 64,8 gam.
Cu 10 (C 08): t chy hon ton mt anehit X, thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O. Nu cho X tc
dng vi lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3, sinh ra s mol Ag gp bn ln s mol X
phn ng. Cng thc ca X l
A. HCHO.
B. (CHO)2.
C. CH3CHO.
D. C2H5CHO.
Cu 11(C 08): Cho dy cc cht: HCHO, CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5, HCOOH, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3. S
cht trong dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. 6.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 3.
AXIT CABOXYLIC TRONG CAC THI I HC- CAO NG (2007-2012)
Cu 1: Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi CaCO3 thu c 7,28 gam
mui ca axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; Ca = 40)
A. CH2=CH-COOH.
B. CH3COOH.
C. HCC-COOH.
D. CH3-CH2-COOH.
Cu 2: un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) n khi phn ng t ti
trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O = 16)
A. 55%.
B. 50%.
C. 62,5%.
D. 75%.
Cu 3: Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 ln lt tc
dng vi: Na, NaOH, NaHCO3. S phn ng xy ra l
A. 2.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 4: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc, cn va V lt O2 ( ktc), thu
c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l
A. 8,96.
B. 11,2.
C. 6,72.
D. 4,48.
Cu 5: Cho cc cht: axit propionic (X), axit axetic (Y), ancol (ru) etylic (Z) v imetyl ete (T). Dy gm
cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si l
A. T, Z, Y, X.
B. Z, T, Y, X.
C. T, X, Y, Z.
D. Y, T, X, Z.
Cu 6: trung ha 6,72 gam mt axit cacboxylic Y (no, n chc), cn dng 200 gam dung dch
NaOH 2,24%. Cng thc ca Y l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23)
A. CH3COOH.
B. HCOOH.
C. C2H5COOH.
D. C3H7COOH.
Cu 7: Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3)
trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng Ag to thnh l
A.
43,2 gam.
B. 10,8 gam.
C. 64,8 gam.
D. 21,6 gam.
Cu 8: Trung ho 8,2 gam hn hp gm axit fomic v mt axit n chc X cn 100 ml dung dch NaOH
1,5M. Nu cho 8,2 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng th
thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Tn gi ca X l
A. axit acrylic.
B. axit propanoic.
C. axit etanoic.
D. axit metacrylic.
Cu 9: Dy gm cc cht c th iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra axit axetic l: A. CH3CHO,
A.C2H5OH, C2H5COOCH3.
B. CH3CHO, C6H12O6 (glucoz), CH3OH.
C. CH3OH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
D. C2H4(OH)2, CH3OH, CH3CHO.
Cu 10: Cho cc cht HCl (X); C2H5OH (Y); CH3COOH (Z); C6H5OH (phenol) (T). Dy gm cc cht c
sp xp theo tnh axit tng dn (t tri sang phi) l:
A. (T), (Y), (X), (Z).
B. (X), (Z), (T), (Y). C. (Y), (T), (Z), (X). D. (Y), (T), (X), (Z).
Cu 11: Hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O2. C X v Y u tc dng vi Na; X tc
dng c vi NaHCO3 cn Y c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln
lt l
A. C2H5COOH v HCOOC2H5.
B. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2COCH3.
C. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2CH2CHO.
D. C2H5COOH v CH3CH(OH)CHO.
Cu 12: t chy hon ton 2,76 gam hn hp X gm CxHyCOOH, CxHyCOOCH3, CH3OH thu c
2,688 lt CO2 (ktc) v 1,8 gam H2O. Mt khc, cho 2,76 gam X phn ng va vi 30 ml dung dch
NaOH 1M, thu c 0,96 gam CH3OH. Cng thc ca CxHyCOOH l

A. C3H5COOH.
B. CH3COOH.
C. C2H3COOH.
D. C2H5COOH.
Cu 13: Cho 16,4 gam hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip nhau phn ng hon ton
vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M v KOH 1M, thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y, thu c 31,1
gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc ca 2 axit trong X l
A. C2H4O2 v C3H4O2.
B. C2H4O2 v C3H6O2.
C. C3H4O2 v C4H6O2.
D. C3H6O2 v C4H8O2.
Cu 14: Hai cht X v Y c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2. Cht X phn ng c vi kim loi Na v
tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cht Y phn ng c vi kim loi Na v ho tan c CaCO3. Cng
thc ca X, Y ln lt l:
A. CH3COOH, HOCH2CHO.
B. HCOOCH3, HOCH2CHO.
C. HCOOCH3, CH3COOH.
D. HOCH2CHO, CH3COOH.
Cu 15: Axit cacboxylic X c cng thc n gin nht l C3H5O2. Khi cho 100 ml dung dch axit X nng
0,1M phn ng ht vi dung dch NaHCO3 (d), thu c V ml kh CO2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V
l:
A. 448.
B. 224.
C. 112.
D. 336.
Cu 16: Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH3COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc dng vi
5,75 gam C2H5OH (c xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ho
u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)
A. 10,12.
B. 6,48.
C. 8,10.
D. 16,20.
Cu 17: Cho hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch khng phn nhnh. t chy hon ton 0,3 mol hn
hp X, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Nu trung ha 0,3 mol X th cn dng 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M.
Hai axit l:
A. HCOOH, HOOC-COOH.
B. HCOOH, HOOC-CH2-COOH.
C. HCOOH, C2H5COOH.
D. HCOOH, CH3COOH.
Cu 18: Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si t tri sang phi l:
A. CH3COOH, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3CHO.
B. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH.
C. CH3COOH, HCOOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
D. HCOOH, CH3COOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
Cu 19: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon). Chia X
thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lt kh H2 ( ktc). t chy hon
ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO2. Cng thc cu to thu gn v phn trm v khi lng ca Z trong hn
hp X ln lt l
A. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 70,87%.
B. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 54,88%.
C. HOOC-COOH v 60,00%.
D. HOOC-COOH v 42,86%.
Cu 20 Cho 0,04 mol mt hn hp X gm CH2=CH-COOH, CH3COOH v CH2=CH-CHO phn
ng va vi dung dch cha 6,4 gam brom. Mt khc, trung ho 0,04 mol X cn dng va
40 ml dung dch NaOH 0,75 M. Khi lng ca CH2=CH-COOH trong X l
A. 0,56 gam.
B. 1,44 gam.
C. 0,72 gam.
D. 2,88 gam.
Cu 21: Hn hp X gm axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung ho m gam X cn 40 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton m gam X th thu c 15,232 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 11,7
gam H2O. S mol ca axit linoleic trong m gam hn hp X l
A. 0,015.
B. 0,010.
C. 0,020.
D. 0,005.
Cu 22: Hn hp X gm axit axetic, axit fomic v axit oxalic. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi NaHCO3
(d) th thu c 15,68 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Mt khc, t chy hon ton m gam X cn 8,96 lt kh O2 (ktc),
thu c 35,2 gam CO2 v y mol H2O. Gi tr ca y l
A. 0,2.
B. 0,3.
C. 0,6.
D. 0,8.
Cu 23: t chy hon ton 3,42 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic, vinyl axetat, metyl acrylat v axit oleic,
ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d). Sau phn ng thu c 18 gam kt ta v
dung dch X. Khi lng X so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)2 ban u thay i nh th no?
A. Gim 7,38 gam.
B. Tng 2,70 gam.
C. Tng 7,92 gam.
D. Gim 7,74 gam.
Cu 24 (CD-2010): Cho 45 gam axit axetic phn ng vi 69 gam ancol etylic (xc tc H 2SO4 c), un nng,
thu c 41,25 gam etyl axetat. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l
A. 31,25%.
B. 40,00%.
C. 62,50%.
D. 50,00%.