patho review

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
____ 1. Eukaryotic cells are characterized by a lack of a distinct nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells have
intracellular compartments bordered by membranes and a well-defined nucleus.
____ 2. Lipids and proteins are the maor components of the plasma membrane.
____ !. Lysosomes remain fully active by maintainin" an acid p# created by pumpin" hydro"en ions into
their interiors.
____ $. %he chief function of ribosomes is to provide sites for lipid synthesis.
____ &. 'f cells are deprived of communication from e(tracellular chemical messen"ers, most cells
e(perience apoptosis.
____ ). *on-dividin" cells, such as myocardial fibers, are capable of hypertrophy, but not hyperplasia.
____ +. ,ysplasia is a common type of normal cellular adaptation.
____ -. #ypertrophy and hyperplasia rarely occur to"ether.
____ .. *oise, illumination, and prolon"ed vibrations can cause cellular inury.
____ 1/. 'rreversible dama"e to the myocardium can be detected by elevation in the contractile protein called
troponin, which is released from the myocardial muscle.
____ 11. 0hemical inuries initiate biochemical reactions that dama"e cell membrane by decreasin" the
permeability of the plasma membrane.
____ 12. 1"in" is the result of a "enetically controlled development pro"ram or built-in self-destructive
processes.
____ 1!. 0hromosome abnormalities are the leadin" cause of mental retardation and miscarria"es.
____ 1$. %he main function of natural killers cells is reco"nition and elimination of bacteria.
____ 1&. %he inflammatory response is the body2s first line of defense.
____ 1). *eutrophils are involved in activation of the adaptive immune system.
____ 1+. 3everal bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are resistant to killin" by "ranulocytes and
can survive inside macropha"es.
____ 1-. 4esolution is best defined as the restoration of ori"inal structure and physiolo"ic function.
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1.. 5hich of the followin" best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption6
a. 0ells can produce proteins.
b. 0ells can secrete di"estive enzymes.
c. 0ells can take in and use nutrients.
d. 0ells can synthesize fats.
____ 2/. 5hich component of the cell produces hydro"en pero(ide 7#2829 by usin" o(y"en to remove
hydro"en atoms from specific substrates in an o(idative reaction6
a. Lysosomes
b. :ero(isome
c. 4ibosomes
d. 8(yhydrosomes
____ 21. 5hich cell component is capable of cellular autodi"estion when it is released durin" cell inury6
a. 4ibosome
b. ;ol"i comple(
c. 3mooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes
____ 22. 5hat is the se<uence of steps in the development of a di"estive enzyme by the pancreas cells from
the initial transcription to the release from the cell6
a. %he enzyme is transcribed from ,*1 by 4*1 in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell
membrane.
b. %he enzyme is transcribed from 4*1 by ,*1 in the nucleus, proceeds to the
lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in a encapsulated membrane to the cell
membrane.
c. %he enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
d. %he enzyme is transcribed from ,*1 by 4*1 in the nucleus, proceeds to the
;ol"i comple( for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
____ 2!. =nderstandin" the various steps of proteolytic cascades such as caspase-mediated apoptosis and
complement cascade may be useful in desi"nin" dru" therapy for which human diseases6
a. 0ardiac and vascular disorders
b. 1utoimmune and mali"nant disorders
c. ;astrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine disorders
____ 2$. 5hat prevents water-soluble molecules from enterin" cells across the plasma membrane6
a. 0arbohydrate chains
b. ;lycoprotein channels
c. >embrane channel proteins
d. :hospholipid bilayer
____ 2&. =sin" the fluid mosaic model, how is the cell capable of actively protectin" itself a"ainst inurious
a"ents6
a. ?y closin" down the membrane transport channels to hormones and chemicals.
b. ?y alterin" the number and patterns of receptors to bacteria, antibodies, and
chemicals.
c. ?y increasin" the number and sensitivity of lysosomes to destroy bacteria.
d. ?y shiftin" the bilayer from hydrophobic to hydrophilic in response to antibodies.
____ 2). 'n cirrhosis, how does cholesterol alter the fluidity of the plasma membrane of erythrocytes6
a. 0holesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its
ability to carry o(y"en.
b. 0holesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which reduces its
ability to carry hemo"lobin.
c. 0holesterol increases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which allows bindin"
of e(cess "lucose.
d. 0holesterol increases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which prolon"s it life
span beyond 12/ days.
____ 2+. 5hich form of cell communication is used to communicate within the cell itself and with other cells
in direct physical contact6
a. :rotein channel 7"ap unction9
b. :lasma membrane-bound si"nalin" molecules 7involvin" receptors9
c. #ormone secretion such as neurotransmitters
d. E(tracellular chemical messen"ers such as li"ands
____ 2-. 5hich mode of chemical si"nalin" uses local chemical mediators that are <uickly taken up,
destroyed or immobilized6
a. :aracrine si"nalin"
b. 1utocrine si"nalin"
c. *eurotransmitter si"nalin"
d. #ormone si"nalin"
____ 2.. #ow do cells receive communication from the e(tracellular fluid surroundin" them6
a. :rotein channel 7"ap unction9
b. :lasma membrane-bound si"nalin" molecules 7involvin" receptors9
c. #ormone secretion such as neurotransmitters
d. 0hemical messen"ers such as li"ands
____ !/. 5hen a second messa"e is necessary for e(tracellular communication to be activated, it is provided
by@
a. "uanosine triphosphate 7;%:9.
b. adenosine monophosphate 71>:9.
c. adenosine triphosphate 71%:9.
d. "uanosine diphosphate 7;,:9.
____ !1. 5hy is AosmolalityB preferred over AosmolarityB as the measurement of osmotic activity in the
clinical assessment of individuals6
a. ?ecause plasma contains sodium and chloride, which influence the volume of
solution
b. ?ecause the volume affects perfusion more than the wei"ht of solutes
c. ?ecause more of the wei"ht of plasma is influenced by solutes, such as protein and
"lucose, rather than by water
d. ?ecause osmotic activity depends on the concentration of solutes present in
plasma, such as proteins and "lucose
____ !2. 1 patient who has diarrhea receives a !C saline solution intravenously to replace the sodium and
chloride lost in the stool. 5hat effect will this fluid replacement have on cells6
a. 0ells will become hydrated.
b. 0ells will swell or burst.
c. 0ells will shrink.
d. 0ells will divide.
____ !!. #ow is the transport of "lucose from the blood to the cell accomplished6
a. ?y active-mediated transport 7active transport9
b. ?y active diffusion
c. ?y passive osmosis
d. ?y passive-mediated transport 7facilitated diffusion9
____ !$. 5hy is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells6
a. ?ecause potassium has a "reater concentration in the intracellular fluid 7'0D9
b. ?ecause sodium has a "reater concentration in the e(tracellular fluid 7E0D9
c. ?ecause the restin" plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
d. ?ecause there is an e(cess of anions inside the cell
____ !&. 5hat causes the rapid chan"e in the restin" membrane potential that initiates an action potential6
a. :otassium "ates open and potassium rushes into the cell chan"in" the membrane
potential from ne"ative to positive.
b. 3odium "ates open and sodium rushes into the cell chan"in" the membrane
potential from ne"ative to positive.
c. 3odium "ates close allowin" potassium into the cell to chan"in" the membrane
potential from positive to ne"ative.
d. :otassium "ates close allowin" sodium into the cell to chan"e the membrane
potential from positive to ne"ative.
____ !). 5hat is the action of platelet-derived "rowth factor6 't stimulates production of@
a. platelets.
b. epidermal cells.
c. connective tissue cells.
d. fibroblast cells.
____ !+. 5hat is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction6
a. %hey provide "rowth factor for tissue "rowth and development.
b. %hey block pro"ress of cell reproduction throu"h the cell cycle.
c. %hey restrain cell "rowth and development.
d. %hey provide nutrients for cell "rowth and development.
____ !-. 5hat does the fluid mosaic model e(plains6
a. #ow a cell membrane functions
b. 5hy our bodies appear to be solid
c. #ow tissue is differentiated
d. #ow fluid moves between the intracellular and e(tracellular compartments
____ !.. 5hat is the name of the method of transport that uses transmembrane proteins with receptors that
have a hi"h de"ree of specificity for the substance bein" transported6
a. 1ctive transport
b. >ediated transport
c. %ransmembranous transport
d. :assive transport
____ $/. 5hat occurs durin" e(ocytosis6
a. >acromolecules can be secreted across eukaryotic cell membranes.
b. 1ll substances are secreted into the cellular matri(.
c. *o repairs in the plasma membrane can take place.
d. 3olute molecules flow freely into and out of the cell.
____ $1. *eurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by bindin" to@
a. lipids.
b. ribosomes.
c. amphipathic lipids.
d. receptors.
____ $2. =nder anaerobic conditions, the process of _____ provides ener"y for the cell.
a. o(idative phosphorylation
b. "lycolysis
c. lactolysis
d. passive transport
____ $!. %he cellular uptake of cholesterol depends on@
a. receptor-mediated e(ocytosis.
b. antiport system.
c. receptor-mediated endocytosis.
d. passive transport.
____ $$. ,urin" which phase of the cell cycle is ,*1 synthesized6
a. ;1
b. 3
c. ;2
____ $&. 5hich type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial
linin" have been replaced by stratified s<uamous epithelial cells6
a. #yperplasia
b. >etaplasia
c. ,ysplasia
d. 1naplasia
____ $). ,urin" ischemia, what effect does the loss of adenosine triphosphate 71%:9 level have on cells6
a. 0ells shrink because of the influ( of calcium 70a9.
b. 0ells shrink because of the influ( of potassium chloride 7E0l9.
c. 0ells swell because of the influ( of sodium chloride 7*a0l9.
d. 0ells swell because of the influ( of nitric o(ide 7*89.
____ $+. Dree radicals play a maor role in the initiation and pro"ression of which diseases6
a. 0ardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
b. 4enal diseases such as acute tubular necrosis and "lomerulonephritis
c. ;astrointestinal diseases such as peptic ulcer disease and 0rohn disease
d. >uscular disease such as muscular dystrophy and fibromyal"ia
____ $-. 5hat is a conse<uence of plasma membrane dama"e to the mitochondria6
a. Enzymatic di"estion halts ,*1 synthesis.
b. 'nflu( of calcium ions halts the 1%: production.
c. 4eduction in 1%: production caused by edema from an influ( in sodium.
d. 3hift of potassium out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure.
____ $.. Lead causes dama"e within the cell by interferin" with the action of@
a. sodium and chloride.
b. potassium.
c. calcium.
d. adenosine triphosphate 71%:9.
____ &/. 5hich or"ans are affected by lead consumption6
a. #eart and blood vessels
b. >uscles and bones
c. :ancreas and adrenal "lands
d. *erves and blood-formin" or"ans
____ &1. #ow does lead poisonin" affect the nervous system6
a. 't interferes with the function of neurotransmitters.
b. 't inhibits production of myelin around nerves.
c. 't increases the restin" membrane potential.
d. 't alters the transport of potassium into the nerves durin" synapse.
____ &2. 5hat, if any, is the difference between subdural hematoma and epidural hematoma6
a. %here is no difference. %hese terms may be used interchan"eably.
b. 1 subdural hematoma occurs above the dura, whereas an epidural hematoma
occurs under the dura.
c. 1 subdural hematoma usually is formed from venous blood that collects slowly,
whereas an epidural hematoma is formed from arterial blood that collects rapidly.
d. 1 subdural hematoma usually forms from bleedin" within the skull such as an
aneurysm eruption, whereas an epidural hematoma occurs from trauma outside the
skull such as a blunt force trauma.
____ &!. 5hat physiolo"ic chan"es occur durin" heat e(haustion6
a. #emoconcentration occurs because of the loss of salt and water.
b. 0rampin" of voluntary muscles occurs as a result of salt loss.
c. %hermore"ulation fails because of hi"h core temperature.
d. 3ubcutaneous layers are dama"ed because of hi"h core temperatures.
____ &$. 5hat is the most common site of lipid accumulation6
a. 0oronary and other arteries
b. Eidneys
c. Liver
d. 3ubcutaneous tissue
____ &&. 5hat mechanisms occur in the liver after lipid accumulation in liver cells6
a. 1ccumulation of lipids obstruct the common bile duct preventin" flow of bile from
the liver to the "allbladder
b. 'ncreased synthesis of tri"lycerides from fatty acids and decreased synthesis of
apoproteins.
c. 'ncreased bindin" of lipids with apoproteins to form lipoproteins
d. 'ncreased conversion of fatty acids to phospholipids
____ &). 5hat causes hemoprotein accumulations6
a. E(cessive stora"e of iron, which is transferred from the cells to the bloodstream
b. E(cessive stora"e of hemo"lobin, which is transferred from the bloodstream to the
cells
c. E(cessive stora"e of albumin, which is transferred from the cells to the
bloodstream
d. E(cessive stora"e of amino acids, which are transferred from the cells to the
bloodstream
____ &+. #emosiderosis is a condition in which e(cess _____ is stored as hemosiderin in cells of many or"ans
and tissues.
a. hemo"lobin
b. ferritin
c. iron
d. transferrin
____ &-. 5hat is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that dama"es cell membranes by uncontrolled
enzyme activation6
a. 1ctivation of endonuclease, which interferes with the bindin" of calcium to protein
b. 1ctivation of phospholipases, which de"rade the proteins to which calcium
normally binds
c. 1n influ( of phosphate ions, which compete with calcium for bindin" to proteins
d. ,epletion of 1%:, which normally pumps calcium from the cell
____ &.. 5hat or"ans are affected by the type of necrosis that results from hypo(ia caused by severe ischemia
or caused by chemical inury6
a. Lun"s and pulmonary vessels
b. ?rain and spinal cord
c. Eidneys and heart
d. >uscles and bones
____ )/. 5hat type of necrosis results from ischemia of neurons and "lial cells6
a. 0oa"ulative necrosis
b. Li<uefactive necrosis
c. 0aseous necrosis
d. ;an"rene necrosis
____ )1. 5hat type of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis6
a. ?acteriolo"ic necrosis
b. 0aseous necrosis
c. Li<uefactive necrosis
d. ;an"renous necrosis
____ )2. 5hat type of necrosis is associated with wet "an"rene6
a. 0oa"ulative necrosis
b. Li<uefactive necrosis
c. 0aseous necrosis
d. ;an"rene necrosis
____ )!. 1fter ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estro"enF this is an
e(ample of@
a. hormonal hyperplasia.
b. hormonal dysplasia.
c. hormonal hypertrophy.
d. hormonal anaplasia.
____ )$. %he abnormal proliferation of cells in response to e(cessive hormonal stimulation is called@
a. dysplasia.
b. patholo"ic dysplasia.
c. hyperplasia.
d. patholo"ic hyperplasia.
____ )&. 4emoval of part of the liver leads to _____ of the remainin" liver cells.
a. dysplasia
b. metaplasia
c. compensatory hyperplasia
d. compensatory dysplasia
____ )). 5hat is the sin"le most common cause of cellular inury6
a. #ypo(ic inury
b. 0hemical inury
c. 'nfectious inury
d. ;enetic inury
____ )+. 'n decompression sickness 7the bends9, bubbles of _____ form emboli.
a. o(y"en
b. nitro"en
c. carbon dio(ide
d. hydro"en
____ )-. 5hat two types of hearin" loss are associated with noise6
a. 1coustic trauma and noise-induced
b. #i"h-fre<uency and low-fre<uency
c. #i"h-fre<uency and acoustic trauma
d. *oise-induced and low-fre<uency
____ ).. ,urin" cell inury caused by hypo(ia, why is there an increase in the osmotic pressure within the
cell6
a. ?ecause plasma proteins enter the cell
b. ?ecause the 1%:ase-driven pump is stron"er durin" hypo(ia
c. ?ecause sodium chloride enters the cell
d. ?ecause there is an influ( of "lucose throu"h the inured cell membranes
____ +/. 5hat is the e(planation for why cancer increases as one a"es and the number of autoantibodies
increases with a"e6
a. ?ecause the "enetic pro"ram for a"in" is encoded in the brain and controlled by
hormonal a"ents
b. ?ecause free radicals of o(y"en that result from o(idative cellular metabolism
cause abnormal cell "rowth
c. ?ecause the immune function declines with a"e
d. ?ecause of the result of ,*1 dama"e and inefficiency of cellular repair
____ +1. Dor which disease has the chromosomal location *8% been identified6
a. #untin"ton disease
b. #emophilia 1
c. 3ickle cell disease
d. 0ystic fibrosis
____ +2. 5hat datum from an amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect6
a. 1n increase in chorionic protein
b. 1n increase in alpha-fetoprotein
c. 1n increase in amnionic protein
d. 1n increase in embryonic protein
____ +!. Dor which women would an amniocentesis be recommended6
a. Dor all pre"nant women
b. Dor pre"nant women who have a family history of certain "enetic disorders
c. Dor pre"nant women who are over $/ years of a"e
d. Dor pre"nant women who had a late menarche
____ +$. 5hat is the term for an error in which homolo"ous chromosomes fail to separate durin" meiosis or
mitosis6
a. 1neuploidy
b. *ondisunction
c. :olyploidy
d. %ranslocation
____ +&. 'nsertin" bone marrow cells into an individual who produces abnormal erythrocytes is an e(ample of
what therapy6
a. 3omatic cell therapy
b. ;erm cell therapy
c. ;enetic en"ineerin" therapy
d. 4ecombinant ,*1 therapy
____ +). 5hat is the most clinically useful techni<ue for prenatal dia"nosis of chromosomal abnormalities at
2 months2 "estation6
a. ;ene mappin"
b. Linka"e analysis
c. 1mniocentesis
d. 0horionic villi biopsy
____ ++. :eople who have neurofibromatosis have a varyin" de"ree of the condition because of the "enetic
principle of@
a. penetrance.
b. e(pressivity.
c. dominance.
d. recessiveness.
____ +-. 0ystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ "ene.
a. G-linked dominant
b. G-linked recessive
c. autosomal dominant
d. autosomal recessive
____ +.. 1 couple has two children with a "enetic disease. 5hat is the probability that the ne(t child will have
the same "enetic disease6
a. 8ne si(th
b. 8ne fourth
c. 8ne third
d. 8ne half
____ -/. 5hich "enetic diseases have been linked to a mutation of the tumor suppressor "ene6
a. #untin"ton disease and hemochromatosis
b. 4etinoblastoma and type 1 neurofibromatosis
c. Damilial breast cancer and polycystic kidney disease
d. #emophilia 1 and leukemia
____ -1. 5hich of the followin" disorders has a mode of inheritance similar to hemophilia 16
a. 0ri du chat syndrome
b. ,uchenne muscular dystrophy 7,>,9
c. :olycystic kidney
d. ,own syndrome
____ -2. 1 boy, . years of a"e, is admitted to the pediatric ward with hemophilia 1. #e inherited this
condition throu"h a ___________ trait.
a. se(-linked dominant
b. se(-influenced
c. se(-linked
d. se(-linked recessive
____ -!. 5hat is a purpose of the inflammatory process6
a. %o provide specific responses toward anti"ens
b. %o lyse cell membranes of microor"anisms
c. %o prevent infection of the inured tissue
d. %o create immunity a"ainst subse<uent tissue inury
____ -$. #ow do surfactant proteins 1 H , provide innate resistance6
a. %hey initiate the complement cascade.
b. %hey promote pha"ocytosis
c. %hey secrete mucus.
d. %hey synthesize lysosomes.
____ -&. 5hich bacterium "rows in the intestines after prolon"ed antibiotic therapy6
a. Lactobacillus
b. Candida albicans
c. Clostridium difficile
d. Helicobacter pylori
____ -). 5hich antimicrobial peptide is activated by tumor necrosis factor alpha and is found in alveolar
macropha"es and %-lymphocytes6
a. -,efensins
b. -,efensins
c. 0athelicidin
d. 'nterleukin 1
____ -+. 5hat process causes heat and redness that occur durin" the inflammatory process6
a. Iasodilation
b. :latelet a""re"ation
c. 'ncreased capillary permeability
d. Endothelial cell contraction
____ --. 5hich component of the plasma protein system ta"s patho"enic microor"anisms for destruction by
neutrophils and macropha"es6
a. 0omplement cascade
b. 0lottin" system
c. Einin system
d. 'mmune system
____ -.. 5hat is an outcome of the complement cascade6
a. 1ctivates the clottin" cascade
b. :revents the spread of infection to adacent tissues
c. 'nactivates chemical mediators such as histamine
d. 1ttacks bacterial cell membranes
____ ./. 5hat is function of the complement cascade called opsonization6
a. 't is the ta""in" of patho"enic microor"anisms for destruction by neutrophils and
macropha"es.
b. 't is the processin" of patho"enic microor"anisms so that activated lymphocytes
can be created for ac<uired immunity.
c. 't is the destruction of "lycoprotein cell membranes of patho"enic microor"anisms.
d. 't is the anaphylato(ic activity resultin" in mast cell de"ranulation.
____ .1. 5hich chemical interacts amon" all plasma protein systems by de"radin" blood clots, activatin"
complement and activatin" the #a"eman factor6
a. Eallikrein
b. #istamine
c. ?radykinin
d. :lasmin
____ .2. 5hat effect does chemotactic factor have on the inflammatory process6
a. 't causes vasodilation around the inflamed area.
b. 't stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area.
c. 't directs leukocytes to the inflamed area.
d. 't produces edema around the inflamed area.
____ .!. 5hat are the inflammatory effects of nitric o(ide 7*896
a. 't increases capillary permeability and causes pain.
b. 't increases neutrophil chemota(is and platelet a""re"ation.
c. 't causes smooth muscle contraction and fever.
d. 't decreases mast cell function and decreases platelet a""re"ation.
____ .$. 5hat is the role of eosinophils in re"ulatin" vascular mediators released from mast cells6
a. Eosinophils release arylsulfatase ?, which stimulates the formation of ?
lymphocytes.
b. Eosinophils release histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine durin" acute
inflammation.
c. Eosinophils release lysosomal enzymes, which activate mast cell de"ranulation
durin" acute inflammation.
d. Eosinophils release immuno"lobulin E, which defends the body a"ainst parasites.
____ .&. 5hich cytokines are produced and released from virally infected host cells6
a. 'nterleukin 1 7'l-19
b. 'nterleukin 1/ 7'l-1/9
c. %umor necrosis factor alpha 7%*D )
d. 'nterferons alpha and beta 7'D* and 'D* 9
____ .). 5here is tumor necrosis factor alpha 7%*D 9 secreted6
a. Drom virally infected cells
b. Drom bacterial infected cells
c. Drom macropha"es
d. Drom mast cells
____ .+. 5hat occurs durin" the process of repair after tissue dama"e6
a. ,estroyed tissue is replaced by non-functionin" scar tissue.
b. 4e"eneration occurs in which ori"inal tissue is replaced.
c. 4esolution occurs when tissue is re"enerated.
d. ,estroyed tissue is replaced by epithelialization.
____ .-. %he _____ system is a plasma protein system that forms a fibrinous network at an inflamed site to
prevent spread of infection to adacent tissues and keep microor"anisms and forei"n bodies at the
site of "reatest inflammatory activity.
a. complement
b. coa"ulation
c. kinin
d. fibrinolysis
____ ... 'n the clottin" cascade, the intrinsic and the e(trinsic pathways conver"e at@
a. factor G''.
b. #a"eman factor.
c. factor G.
d. factor I.
____ 1//. 5hen histamine binds the histamine 2 7#29 receptor, inflammation is@
a. inhibited.
b. activated.
c. accelerated.
d. not chan"ed.
____ 1/1. Dre<uently histamine 1 7#19 and histamine 2 7#29 receptors are located on the same cells and act in
aJan _____ fashion.
a. syner"istic
b. additive
c. anta"onistic
d. a"onistic
____ 1/2. 5hich of the followin" indicates a correct se<uence in pha"ocytosis6
a. En"ulfment, reco"nition, fusion, destruction
b. Dusion, en"ulfment, reco"nition, destruction
c. 4eco"nition, en"ulfment, fusion, destruction
d. En"ulfment, fusion, reco"nition, destruction
____ 1/!. 1 keloid is the result of which dysfunctional wound healin" response6
a. 'mpaired epithelialization
b. 'mpaired contraction
c. 'mpaired colla"en matri( assembly
d. 'mpaired maturation
____ 1/$. >any neonates have a transient depressed inflammatory response because@
a. their circulatory system is too immature to ade<uately perfuse tissues.
b. they are deficient in complement and chemota(is.
c. they have an insufficient number of mast cells.
d. their lun"s are too immature to deliver o(y"en to tissues.
Matching
Match the structure with its function. (Answers A through D may be used more than once.
a. :assive-mediated transport
b. 1ctive-mediated transport
c. 8smosis
d. ,iffusion
____ 1/&. >ovement of water
____ 1/). :rotein carrier
____ 1/+. Dacilitated diffusion
Match the terms with the corresponding e!amples. "erms may be used more than once.
a. :hysiolo"ic atrophy
b. :atholo"ic atrophy
c. :hysiolo"ic hypertrophy
d. :atholo"ic hypertrophy
e. 0ompensatory hyperplasia
____ 1/-. 0han"es in "onads as hormonal stimulation decreases
____ 1/.. Liver re"eneration
____ 11/. 'ncreases in the size of the uterus and breasts durin" pre"nancy
____ 111. %hymus "land chan"es durin" childhood
____ 112. 0auses myocardial enlar"ement as a result of dilated cardiac chambers
Match the genetic terms with the corresponding diseases. ("erms can be used more than once.
a. 1utosomal dominant
b. 1utosomal recessive
c. G-linked dominant
d. G-linked recessive
____ 11!. ,uchenne muscular dystrophy
____ 11$. 0ystic fibrosis
____ 11&. #emophilia
____ 11). 3ickle cell disease
____ 11+. #untin"ton disease
____ 11-. 1chondroplasia
____ 11.. :henylketonuria 7:E=9
Match the disease with its chromosomal abnormality.
a. ,own 3yndrome
b. Dra"ile G syndrome
c. Elinefelter syndrome
d. %urner syndrome
e. 0ri du chat
____ 12/. Ky"ote has one chromosome with the normal complement of "enes and one with a missin" "ene
____ 121. 1n additional chromosome oinin" the normal homolo"ous pair
____ 122. 3in"le G chromosome with no homolo"ous G or L chromosome
____ 12!. %wo G chromosomes and one L chromosome
Match each step of phagocytosis with its function.
a. 8psonization
b. En"ulfment
c. :ha"osome
d. Dusion
e. ,estruction
____ 12$. >icroor"anisms are in"ested
____ 12&. >icroor"anisms are killed and di"ested
____ 12). Enhance reco"nition and adherence of bacteria by pha"ocytes
____ 12+. Lysosomal "ranules enter the pha"ocyte
____ 12-. 'ntracellular pha"ocytic vacuole is formed
Match the biochemical barriers with its function. ("erms can be used more than once.
a. 3ecrete antibacterial and antifun"al fatty acids and lactic acid
b. 1ttack cell walls of "ram positive bacteria
____ 12.. %ears
____ 1!/. 3ebaceous "lands
____ 1!1. :erspiration
____ 1!2. 3aliva
patho review
Answer Section
TRUE/FALSE
1. 1*3@ D 4ED@ p. 1
2. 1*3@ % 4ED@ p. 1/
!. 1*3@ % 4ED@ p. +
$. 1*3@ D 4ED@ p. $
&. 1*3@ % 4ED@ p. 1.
). 1*3@ % 4ED@ p. $-
+. 1*3@ D 4ED@ p. $-
-. 1*3@ D 4ED@ p. $-
.. 1*3@ % 4ED@ p. +2F p. +!
1/. 1*3@ % 4ED@ p. &2
11. 1*3@ D 4ED@ p. &!
12. 1*3@ % 4ED@ p. -2
1!. 1*3@ % 4ED@ p. 1!1
1$. 1*3@ D 4ED@ p. 1.)
1&. 1*3@ D 4ED@ p. 1++F p. 1+-
1). 1*3@ D 4ED@ p. 1.&
1+. 1*3@ % 4ED@ p. 1.&
1-. 1*3@ % 4ED@ p. 2/1
MULTIPLE CHICE
1.. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. 2
2/. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. +--
21. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. )
22. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. )F p. +F 0aption of Di" 1-&, p. +
2!. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 12
2$. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. 11F Di" 1-1!
2&. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 1$
2). 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. 1$
2+. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 1+
2-. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. 1-
2.. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. 1.
!/. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 2/
!1. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. 2)
!2. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. 2+
!!. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. 2-
!$. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. !1
!&. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. !2
!). 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. !$
!+. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. !$
!-. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. 1!F p. 1$
!.. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 2+
$/. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. !/
$1. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. 1-
$2. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 2!
$!. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. !1
$$. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. !!
$&. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. $-
$). 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. &1
$+. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. &2
$-. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. &&
$.. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. &)
&/. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. &)
&1. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. &)
&2. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. )1
&!. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. +/
&$. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. +&
&&. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. +&
&). 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. +)
&+. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. +)
&-. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. ++-+- and caption of Di" 2-1+
&.. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. +.
)/. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. +.
)1. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. +.
)2. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. -/
)!. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. $-
)$. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. $-
)&. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. $-
)). 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. &/
)+. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. +1
)-. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. +!
).. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. +$
+/. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. -$
+1. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. 1$&
+2. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 1!!
+!. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 1!!
+$. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 1!$
+&. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. 12&
+). 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. 1!!
++. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 1$$
+-. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. 1$)
+.. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. 1$2
-/. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 1$$
-1. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 1$&F p. 1$-
-2. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. 1$-
-!. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. 1+&
-$. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 1++
-&. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. 1+-
-). 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. 1+-
-+. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. 1+.
--. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. 1-2
-.. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. 1-2
./. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. 1-2
.1. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. 1-$
.2. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. 1--
.!. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. 1.1
.$. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 1.&-1.)
.&. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. 1.+
.). 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. 1.+
.+. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. 2/1
.-. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 1-2
... 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. 1-!
1//. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. 1--
1/1. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. 1--
1/2. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. 1.2
1/!. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. 2/$-2/&
1/$. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 2/)
MATCHI!"
1/&. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. 2)
1/). 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 2-
1/+. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. 2-
1/-. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. $)
1/.. 1*3@ E 4ED@ p. $)
11/. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. $)
111. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. $)
112. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. $+
11!. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. 1$-F p. 1$.
11$. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 1$)
11&. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. 1$-
11). 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 1$/F p. 1$1
11+. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. 1$$
11-. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. 1$!
11.. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 1$1
12/. 1*3@ E 4ED@ p. 1!+
121. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. 1!$
122. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. 1!&
12!. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. 1!)
12$. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 1.2F p. 1.!
12&. 1*3@ E 4ED@ p. 1.2F p. 1.!
12). 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. 1.2F p. 1.!
12+. 1*3@ , 4ED@ p. 1.2F p. 1.!
12-. 1*3@ 0 4ED@ p. 1.2F p. 1.!
12.. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 1++
1!/. 1*3@ 1 4ED@ p. 1++
1!1. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 1++
1!2. 1*3@ ? 4ED@ p. 1++