L.O.1.

Diseases questions
1- Type 1 diabetes, occurs when the body’s immune system destroys the cells in
the pancreas that produce insulin, the problem is

a-the glucose level will increase in the blood .

b-the glucose level will decease in the blood.
c-the glucose level will increase in the body cells.
d-the glucose level will increase in the blood and decrease in the body cells.

2-from the symptoms of diabetes feeling thirst ,this is because

a-the cells used all the water in our body instead of glucose to get energy.
b-the kidneys filtered the glucose out of the blood taking the water with it.
c- the kidneys filtered the glucose out of the cells taking water with it.
d-the body lose weight and need water for compensation.
3-Type 2 diabetes is different from type 1 in-------
a- The body in type 2 has the insulin but type 2 has not.
b- The body in type 2 has extra glucose more than type 1
c- The body weight in type 1 one of the causes but type 2 is not.
d- Type 2 is cell disease but type 1 is genetic disease.

4- which of the following doesn’t considered one of the ways that transmit HIV
virus.
a-needle contaminated with infected blood.
b-breast feeding.
c-using contaminated cub.
d-sexual contact with infected person.

5-which of the following is true

a-HIV causes AIDS
b- AIDS causes HIV.
c- T.B may cause HIV.
d-HIV my cause cancer.
6-Scientsts can not discover an accurate vaccine for HIV because.
a- HIV virus has a very strong coat made up of protein.
b- HIV virus reproduces rabidly inside the cells.
c- HIV virus destroy the body cells quickly.
d- The rapidly mutation for the virus.
e-

7-all the following are different ways for the viruses to inter the cell except
a-injecting themselves through the cell membrane.
b-fuses with the cell membrane.
c-endocytosis mechanism.
d-by phagocytosis.

8-leukemya results when

a- abnormal red blood cells are produced too rapidly.
b- abnormal white blood cells are produced too rapidly.
 c- abnormal white blood cells are produced too rapidly or don’t die within the
normal life time of it.
d- abnormal red blood cells are produced too rapidly or don’t die within the
normal life time of it.

9-latent T.B disease occurs due to

a-the bacteria didn’t enter the cells of the lungs.
b-the bacteria are killed by the immune system.
c-the bacteria are not killed but ingested by macrophages.
d-the bacteria are not strong enough to appear the symptoms.

10-to avoid infection with T.B you should

a- avoid eating contaminated food,
b- avoid using needles used by infected person.
c- avoid inhaling the bacteria in the droplets of infected person.
d- avoid infection with influenza virus .
 L.O.2

1) When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they most likely would

use

A) a light microscope.

B) a scanning electron microscope.

C) a transmission electronic microscope.

D) A and B

Answer:

2) The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that

A) light microscopy provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy.

B) light microscopy provides for higher resolving power than electron microscopy.

C) light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells.

D) A and B

Answer:

5) Which of the following correctly lists the order in which cellular components will be found

in the pellet when homogenized cells are treated with increasingly rapid spins in a

centrifuge?

A) ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria

B) chloroplasts, ribosomes, vacuoles

C) nucleus, ribosomes, chloroplasts

D) nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes

Answer:
11) All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except

A) DNA.

B) a cell wall.

C) a plasma membrane.

D) an endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer:

15) Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the

following molecules?

A) lipids

B) starches

C) proteins

D) steroids

Answer:

18) Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a

predominance of free ribosomes?

A) a cell that is secreting proteins

B) a cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes

C) a cell that is constructing its cell wall or extracellular matrix

D) a cell that is digesting food particles

Answer:
19) Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and

steroids?

A) ribosome

B) lysosome

C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D) mitochondrion

Answer:

20) Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

A) rough ER

B) lysosomes

C) plasmodesmata

D) Golgi vesicles

Answer:

21) The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the

following statements correctly describes this polarity?

A) Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side.

B) Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from

one side of the Golgi to the other.

C) Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from

one side of the Golgi to the other.

D) All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function.

Answer:
22) The fact that the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope has bound ribosomes allows one

to most reliably conclude that

A) at least some of the proteins that function in the nuclear envelope are made by the

ribosomes on the nuclear envelope.

B) the nuclear envelope is not part of the endomembrane system.

C) the nuclear envelope is physically continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

D) small vesicles from the Golgi fuse with the nuclear envelope.

Answer:

23) The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the

endomembrane system is largely determined by

A) the physical separation of most membranes from each other.

B) the transportation of membrane among the endomembrane system by small

membrane vesicles.

C) the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting membrane components.

D) the modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination.

Answer:

23) In animal cells, hydrolytic enzymes are packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular

components. Which of the following organelles functions in this compartmentalization?

A) chloroplast

B) lysosome

C) central vacuole

D) peroxisome

Answer:

25) Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein disposal from

prokaryotic cells?
A) Prokaryotes are unlikely to be able to excrete proteins because they lack an

endomembrane system.

B) The mechanism of protein excretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in

eukaryotes.

C) Proteins that are excreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are

bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.

D) In prokaryotes, the ribosomes that are used for the synthesis of secreted proteins are

located outside of the cell.

Answer:

26) A disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and

becoming clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle must be

involved in this condition?

A) the endoplasmic reticulum

B) the Golgi apparatus

C) the lysosome

D) mitochondria

Answer:

27) The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following

structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?

A) rough ER

B) smooth ER

C) Golgi apparatus

D) Nuclear envelope

Answer:
28) Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

A) lysosome

B) vacuole

C) mitochondrion

D) Golgi apparatus

Answer:

29) Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?

A) lysosome

B) vacuole

C) mitochondrion

D) Golgi apparatus

Answer:

30) Which of the following is a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a plant

cell?

A) lysosome

B) vacuole

C) mitochondrion

D) Golgi apparatus

Answer:

31) Which is one of the main energy transformers of cells?

A) lysosome

B) vacuole

C) mitochondrion

D) Golgi apparatus

Answer:
32) Which of the following contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

A) lysosome

B) vacuole

C) mitochondrion

D) Golgi apparatus

Answer:

33) Which of the following contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to

oxygen?

A) peroxisome

B) vacuole

C) mitochondrion

D) Golgi apparatus

Answer: A

34) Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in

A) vacuoles.

B) chloroplasts.

C) mitochondria.

D) lysosomes.

Answer:

35) Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include

A) ribosomes.

B) mitochondria.

C) chloroplasts.

D) B and C only

Answer:
37) A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma

membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from

A) a bacterium.

B) an animal, but not a plant.

C) a plant, but not an animal.

D) a plant or an animal.

Answer:

38) The mitochondrion, like the nucleus, has two or more membrane layers. How is the

innermost of these layers different from that of the nucleus?

A) The inner mitochondrial membrane is highly folded.

B) The two membranes are biochemically very different.

C) The space between the two layers of the nuclear membrane is larger.

D) The inner membrane of the mitochondrion is separated out into thylakoids.

Answer:

39) Why isn’t the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?

A) It only has two membrane layers.

B) Its structure is not derived from the ER.

C) It has too many vesicles.

D) It is not involved in protein synthesis.

Answer:

40) The peroxisome gets its name from its interaction with hydrogen peroxide. If a liver cell is

detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, it does so by removal of hydrogen from the

molecules. What, then, do the enzymes of the peroxisome do?

A) combine the hydrogen with ATP

B) use the hydrogen to break down hydrogen peroxide

C) transfer the harmful substances to the mitochondria

D) transfer the hydrogens to oxygen molecules

Answer:

41) How does the cell multiply its peroxisomes?

A) They bud off from the ER.

B) They are brought into the cell from the environment.

C) They are built from cytosol materials.

D) They split in two after they are too large.

Answer:

42) Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of

cellular structures?

A) sites of energy production in cellular respiration

B) membrane proteins

C) ribosomes

D) cytoskeletons

Answer:

43) Cells can be described as having a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the

shape, organization, and movement of the cell. Which of the following are part of the

cytoskeleton?

A) the nuclear envelope

B) mitochondria

C) microfilaments

D) lysosomes

Answer: A
44) Which cell structure of the following, would most likely be visible with a light microscope

that has been manufactured to the maximum resolving power possible?

A) mitochondrion

B) microtubule

C) ribosome

D) largest microfilament

Answer:

45) Which of the following possesses a microtubular structure similar to a basal body?

A) centriole

B) lysosome

C) nucleolus

D) peroxisome

Answer:

46) Microfilaments are well known for their role in which of the following?

A) ameboid movement

B) formation of cleavage furrows

C) contracting of muscle cells

D) A, B, and C

Answer:

47) Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true?

A) The dynamic aspect of cytoskeletal function is made possible by the assembly and

disassembly of a large number of complex proteins into larger aggregates.

B) Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression, while microtubules

resist tension (stretching).

C) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to
move relative to each other.

D) Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would cause little effect on the

cellʹs metabolism

Answer:

48) Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?

A) centrosomes

B) ribosomes

C) actin

D) A and B only

E) A, B, and C

Answer:

49) All of the following serve an important role in determining or maintaining the structure of

plant cells. Which of the following are distinct from the others in their composition?

A) microtubules

B) microfilaments

C) plant cell walls

D) intermediate filaments

Answer:

50) Which of the following relationships between cell structures and their respective functions

is correct?

A) cell wall: support, protection

B) chloroplasts: chief sites of cellular respiration

C) chromosomes: cytoskeleton of the nucleus

D) ribosomes: secretion

Answer:
51) The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells

are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic of all of

these extracellular structures?

A) They must block water and small molecules in order to regulate the exchange of

matter and energy with their environment.

B) They must permit information transfer between the cellʹs cytoplasm and the nucleus.

C) They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio of cell surface

area to volume.

D) They are constructed of materials that are largely synthesized in the cytoplasm and

then transported out of the cell.

Answer:

52) When a potassium ion (K+) moves from the soil into the vacuole of a cell on the surface of a

root, it must pass through several cellular structures. Which of the following correctly

describes the order in which these structures will be encountered by the ion?

A) plasma membrane → primary cell wall → cytoplasm → tonoplast

B) secondary cell wall → plasma membrane → primary cell wall → cytoplasm →

tonoplast

C) primary cell wall → plasma membrane → cytoplasm → tonoplast

D) primary cell wall → plasma membrane → tonoplast → cytoplasm → vacuole

Answer: C

53) A cell lacking the ability to make and secrete glycoproteins would most likely be deficient

in its

A) nuclear DNA.

B) extracellular matrix.

C) Golgi apparatus.
D) B and C only

Answer:

56) Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

A) nuclear envelope

B) chloroplast

C) Golgi apparatus

D) plasma membrane

Answer:

57) Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This

ʺtaggingʺ of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track their location. In this

case, we are tracking an enzyme secreted by pancreatic cells. What is its most likely

pathway?

A) ER → Golgi → nucleus

B) Golgi → ER → lysosome

C) nucleus → ER → Golgi

D) ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

Answer:

58) Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

A) chloroplast

B) wall made of cellulose

C) central vacuole

D) mitochondrion

Answer:

59) Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

A) mitochondrion

B) ribosome
C) nuclear envelope

D) chloroplast

Answer:

59) Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?

A) muscle cell

B) nerve cell

C) phagocytic white blood cell

D) leaf cell of a plant

Answer:

60) Which structure-function pair is mismatched?

A) nucleolus; production of ribosomal subunits

B) lysosome; intracellular digestion

C) ribosome; protein synthesis

D) microtubule; muscle contraction

Answer:

61) Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to

cyanide, most of the cyanide would be found within the

A) mitochondria.

B) ribosomes.

C) peroxisomes.

D) lysosomes.

Answer:
 L.O.3
1) Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell

membrane?

A) phospholipids and cellulose

B) nucleic acids and proteins

C) phospholipids and proteins

D) proteins and cellulose

Answer:

2) When biological membranes are frozen and then fractured, they tend to break along the

middle of the bilayer. The best explanation for this is that

A) the integral membrane proteins are not strong enough to hold the bilayer together.

B) water that is present in the middle of the bilayer freezes and is easily fractured.

C) the carbon-carbon bonds of the phospholipid tails are easily broken.

D) the hydrophobic interactions that hold the membrane together are weakest at this

point.

Answer:

3) The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals

A) enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops.

B) enables the animal to remove hydrogen atoms from saturated phospholipids.

C) enables the animal to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturated phospholipids.

D) makes the membrane less flexible, allowing it to sustain greater pressure from within

the cell.

Answer:

4) According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true

statement about membrane phospholipids?

A) They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane.

B) They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other.

C) They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the

surface of the membrane.

D) They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution.

Answer:

5) In order for a protein to be an integral membrane protein it would have to be which of the

following?

A) hydrophilic

B) hydrophobic

C) amphipathic

D) completely covered with phospholipids

Answer:

6) When a membrane is freeze-fractured, the bilayer splits down the middle between the two

layers of phospholipids. In an electron micrograph of a freeze-fractured membrane, the

bumps seen on the fractured surface of the membrane are

A) peripheral proteins.

B) phospholipids.

C) carbohydrates.

D) integral proteins.

Answer:

7) Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids help

keep any membrane more fluid at lower temperatures?

A) The double bonds form kinks in the fatty acid tails, forcing adjacent lipids to be

further apart.

B) Unsaturated fatty acids have a higher cholesterol content and therefore more

cholesterol in membranes.
C) Unsaturated fatty acids permit more water in the interior of the membrane.

D) The double bonds block interaction among the hydrophilic head groups of the lipids.

Answer:

8) Which of the following is true of integral membrane proteins?

A) They lack tertiary structure.

B) They are loosely bound to the surface of the bilayer.

C) They are usually transmembrane proteins.

D) They are not mobile within the bilayer.

Answer:

9) Which of these are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all?

A) transmembrane proteins

B) integral proteins

C) peripheral proteins

D) integrins

Answer:

Answer:

10) Cell membranes are asymmetrical. Which of the following is a most likely explanation?

A) The cell membrane forms a border between one cell and another in tightly packed

tissues such as epithelium.

B) Cell membranes communicate signals from one organism to another.

C) Cell membrane proteins are determined as the membrane is being packaged in the ER

and Golgi.

D) The ʺinnernessʺ and ʺouternessʺ of membrane surfaces are predetermined by genes.

Answer:

11) Which of the following is true of the evolution of cell membranes?

A) Cell membranes have stopped evolving now that they are fluid mosaics.
B) Cell membranes cannot evolve if proteins do not.

C) The evolution of cell membranes is driven by the evolution of glycoproteins and

glycolipids.

D) As populations of organisms evolve, different properties of their cell membranes are

selected for or against.

Answer:

12) Why are lipids and proteins free to move laterally in membranes?

A) The interior of the membrane is filled with liquid water.

B) There are no covalent bonds between lipid and protein in the membrane.

C) Hydrophilic portions of the lipids are in the interior of the membrane.

D) There are only weak hydrophobic interactions in the interior of the membrane.

Answer:

13) What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?

A) large and hydrophobic

B) small and hydrophobic

C) large polar

D) ionic

Answer:

14) Which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane

most rapidly?

A) CO2

B) an amino acid

C) glucose

D) K+

Answer:

15) Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion?

A) It is very rapid over long distances.

B) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.

C) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration

to a region of lower concentration.

D) It requires integral proteins in the cell membrane.

Answer:

16) Water passes quickly through cell membranes because

A) the bilayer is hydrophilic.

B) it moves through hydrophobic channels.

C) water movement is tied to ATP hydrolysis.

D) it moves through aquaporins in the membrane.

Answer:

Use the diagram of the U-tube in Figure 7.2 to answer the questions that follow.

The solutions in the two arms of this U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water

and glucose but not to sucrose. Side A is half filled with a solution of 2 M sucrose and 1 M glucose. Side

B is half filled with 1 M sucrose and 2 M glucose. Initially, the liquid levels on both sides are equal.

17) Initially, in terms of tonicity, the solution in side A with respect to that in side B is

A) hypotonic.

B) plasmolyzed.
C) isotonic.

D) saturated.

Answer:

18) After the system reaches equilibrium, what changes are observed?

A) The molarity of sucrose and glucose are equal on both sides.

B) The molarity of glucose is higher in side A than in side B.

C) The water level is higher in side A than in side B.

D) The water level is unchanged.

Answer:

19) A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body

fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of

his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion?

A) It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.

B) The patientʹs red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypotonic

compared to the cells.

C) The patientʹs red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared

to the cells.

D) The patientʹs red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypertonic

compared to the cells.

Answer:

20) Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard.

Similar stalks left in a salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the

cells of the celery stalks are

A) hypotonic to both fresh water and the salt solution.

B) hypertonic to both fresh water and the salt solution.

C) hypertonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution.

D) hypotonic to fresh water but hypertonic to the salt solution.

Answer:
21) A cell whose cytoplasm has a concentration of 0.02 molar glucose is placed in a test tube of

water containing 0.02 molar glucose. Assuming that glucose is not actively transported into

the cell, which of the following terms describes the tonicity of the external solution relative

to the cytoplasm of the cell?

A) turgid

B) hypertonic

C) hypotonic

D) isotonic

Answer:

The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable

membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a

solution of 0.4 M glucose and 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl), and side B is filled with a solution

containing 0.8 M glucose and 0.4 M sodium chloride. Initially, the volume in both arms is the same.

22) At the beginning of the experiment,

A) side A is hypertonic to side B.

B) side A is hypotonic to side B.

C) side A is isotonic to side B.

D) side A is hypertonic to side B with respect to glucose.

Answer:

23) If you examine side A after 3 days, you should find

A) a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and glucose and an increase in the water level.

B) a decrease in the concentration of NaCl, an increase in water level, and no change in

the concentration of glucose.

C) no net change in the system.

D) a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and a decrease in the water level.

Answer:

24) Which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity conditions for

typical plant and animal cells?

A) The animal cell is in a hypotonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution.

B) The animal cell is in an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypertonic solution.

C) The animal cell is in a hypertonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution.

D) The animal cell is in an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution.

Answer:

Read the following information and refer to Figure 7.4 to answer the following questions.

Five dialysis bags, constructed from a semi-permeable membrane that is impermeable to sucrose, were

filled with various concentrations of sucrose and then placed in separate beakers containing an initial

concentration of 0.6 M sucrose solution. At 10-minute intervals, the bags were massed (weighed) and

the percent change in mass of each bag was graphed.

25) Which line represents the bag that contained a solution isotonic to the 0.6 molar solution at

the beginning of the experiment?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Answer:

26) Which line represents the bag with the highest initial concentration of sucrose?

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

Answer: A

27) Which line or lines represent(s) bags that contain a solution that is hypertonic at the end of

60 minutes?

A) A and B

B) B

C) C

D) D

Answer:
28) You are working on a team that is designing a new drug. In order for this drug to work, it

must enter the cytoplasm of specific target cells. Which of the following would be a factor

that determines whether the molecule enters the cell?

A) blood or tissue type of the patient

B) non-polarity of the drug molecule

C) lack of charge on the drug molecule

D) similarity of the drug molecule to other molecules transported by the target cells

Answer:

29) When a plant cell, such as one from a peony stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic

solution, what is likely to occur?

A) the cell will burst

B) the cell membrane will lyse

C) plasmolysis will shrink the interior

D) the cell will become turgid

Answer:

30) What are the membrane structures that function in active transport?

A) peripheral proteins

B) carbohydrates

C) cholesterol

D) integral proteins

Answer:

31) What is the voltage across a membrane called?

A) water potential

B) chemical gradient

C) membrane potential

D) osmotic potential

Answer:
32) Ions diffuse across membranes down their

A) chemical gradients.

B) concentration gradients.

C) electrical gradients.

D) electrochemical gradients.

Answer:

33) What mechanisms do plants use to load sucrose produced by photosynthesis into

specialized cells in the veins of leaves?

A) an electrogenic pump

B) a proton pump

C) a contransport protein

D) A, B, and C

Answer:

34) The sodium-potassium pump in animal cells requires cytoplasmic ATP to pump ions

across the plasma membrane. When the proteins of the pump are first synthesized in the

rough ER, what side of the ER membrane will the ATP binding site be on?

A) It will be on the cytoplasmic side of the ER.

B) It will be on the side facing the interior of the ER.

C) It could be facing in either direction because the orientation of proteins is scrambled

in the Golgi apparatus.

D) It doesnʹt matter, because the pump is not active in the ER.

Answer:

35) Several seriously epidemic viral diseases of earlier centuries were then incurable because

they resulted in severe dehydration due to vomiting and diarrhea. Today they are usually

not fatal because we have developed which of the following?

A) antiviral medications that are efficient and work well with all viruses

B) antibiotics against the viruses in question

C) intravenous feeding techniques

D) hydrating drinks that include high concentrations of salts and glucose

Answer:

36) An organism with a cell wall would have the most difficulty doing which process?

A) diffusion

B) osmosis

C) active transport

D) phagocytosis

Answer:

37) White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?

A) exocytosis

B) phagocytosis

C) pinocytosis

D) osmosis

Answer:

38) The difference between pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis is that

A) pinocytosis brings only water into the cell, but receptor-mediated endocytosis brings

in other molecules as well.

B) pinocytosis increases the surface area of the plasma membrane whereas

receptor-mediated endocytosis decreases the plasma membrane surface area.

C) pinocytosis is nonselective in the molecules it brings into the cell, whereas

receptor-mediated endocytosis offers more selectivity.

D) pinocytosis requires cellular energy, but receptor-mediated endocytosis does not.

Answer:
39) In receptor-mediated endocytosis, receptor molecules initially project to the outside of the

cell. Where do they end up after endocytosis?

A) on the outside of vesicles

B) on the inside surface of the cell membrane

C) on the inside surface of the vesicle

D) on the outer surface of the nucleus

40) In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell vary?

A) Phospholipids are found only in certain membranes.

B) Certain proteins are unique to each membrane.

C) Only certain membranes of the cell are selectively permeable.

D) Only certain membranes are constructed from amphipathic molecules.

Answer:

41) According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are

mostly

A) spread in a continuous layer over the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane.

B) confined to the hydrophobic core of the membrane.

C) embedded in a lipid bilayer.

D) randomly oriented in the membrane, with no fixed inside-outside polarity.

Answer:

42) Which of the following factors would tend to increase membrane fluidity?

A) a greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids

B) a greater proportion of saturated phospholipids

C) a lower temperature

D) a relatively high protein content in the membrane

Answer:

43) Which of the following processes includes all others?

A) osmosis

B) diffusion of a solute across a membrane

C) facilitated diffusion

D) passive transport

Answer:

44) Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules

into smaller ones?

A) catalysis

B) metabolism

C) anabolism

D) catabolism

Answer: