1 ..

2546 15,000
@
ISBN 974-269-3145

.


.-- : , 2546.
152
1. . I.
.
ISBN. 974-269-3145


3 1-3
2544

( )

7 2545

1
9
9
12
17

27
33
39
51
59
68

A 10n

89
104

113
124

132
136




0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

10

10,000

100,000

1,000,000
100,000,000,000
100,000,000,000



100,000,000 = 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
= 108
108
8
10
108 10 8

25
125
625
3,125
15,625
78,125

5
5
5
5
5
5

5
5
5
5
5
5

5
5
5
5
5

5
5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5 5

52
53
54
55
56
57

78,125 57
78,125 57 78,125

54
56
73
a3
a4
a5
a6
.
.
.
an

5 5 5 5
5 5 5 5 5 5
7 7 7
a a a
a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a a a
.
.
.
a a a ... a

()
4
6
3
3
4
5
6
.
.
.
n

a n
an
an = a a a . . . a
n

a n

23
32
53
24
43
(-2)3
(-2)4
1 2
3

2
3
5
2
4
(-2)
(-2)
1
3

3
2
3
4
3
3
4

222
33
555
2222
444
(-2) (-2) (-2)
(-2) (-2) (-2) (-2)
1 1
3 3

8
9
125
16
64
-8
16
1
9

1
5

(0.3)
(-0.2)
(-0.2)

2
2
3

1
5

(0.3)2
(-0.2)2
(-0.2)3

1
5

1
5

1
5

(0.3) (0.3)
(-0.2) (-0.2)
(-0.2) (-0.2) (-0.2)

1
125
0.09
0.04
-0.008

( ) ( . ) ( )
5 5 5 5
( . )

a . a . a a a a
2 . a
2a
2 a
5 . a . b 5ab 5 a b

( )

(-2) (-2) (-2)

1 1

2 2

(-2) (-2) (-2)

1 1
2
2

(0.5) (0.5)

(0.5) (0.5)

1) 7 7 7
3) 16 16

2) (-5) (-5) (-5)

1
6

1
6

4) (0.1) (0.1)

5) (-1) (-1) (-1) (-2) (-2)

6) 11 11 11 12 21

1) 7 7 7

= 73

2) (-5) (-5) (-5)

= (-5)3

3)

1
6

1
6

1 1
6 6

1
6

= (0.1)2

4) (0.1) (0.1)

5) (-1) (-1) (-1) (-2) (-2) = (-1)3 (-2)2

6) 11 11 11 12

1
2

= (11)3 12

1) p . p . q . q . q
3) a2 . a2 . a2

2)
4)

(-7c) (-7c) (-7c)

2b3 . (-2b)2

1) p . p . q . q . q

= p2 q3

2) (-7c) (-7c) (-7c)

(-7c) (-7c) (-7c)

=
=
=
=

3) a2 . a2 . a2

= aaaaaa
= a6

4) 2b3 . (-2b)2

=
=
=
=

(-7c)3
(-7) c (-7) c (-7) c
(-7) (-7) (-7) c c c
-73c3

2 . b . b . b . (-2b)(-2b)
2 . b3 . (-2)b . (-2)b
2 . (-2) . (-2) . b3 . b . b
8b5

1) (y + 5) (y + 5) (y + 5)

2)

(a - 2) (a - 2)

1) (y + 5) (y + 5) (y + 5)

= (y + 5)3

2) (a - 2) (a - 2)

= (a - 2)2

(y+5)3

3
(y+5)

1

1.

1) 3 3 3 3 3 = 35

2) 10 10 10 10 = 104

3) 43 43

4) 51

3
4

1
5

1
5

5) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2)

6) 97 97

7) 25 25 25 34 34

8) 8 4 2

9) 64 32 4
2.

1
5

10) 0.49 0.7 0.7

1) (-5) (-5) (-5) (-5)

2) (-15) (-15) (-15)

3) (-1) (-1) (-1) (-1) (-1) (-1) (-1)

4)

5) -(2 2 2 2 2 2)

6) -(1 1 1 1 1)

7) (0.1) (0.1) (0.1) (0.1) (0.1) (0.1) (0.1)

8) 49 49 49 49

9)

1
3

1
3

1
3

1 1
3 3

1
3

2 22 2 2
3 3 3 3 3

10) (1.7) (1.7) (1.7) (1.7) (1.7) (1.7) (1.7) (1.7)

8
3.

a.a.a.a
m.m
mn . mn . mn
p.p.p.p.q.q
(-a) (-a) (-a)
(-3m) (-3m) (-3m)
13) m . m . n . n . n . n . n
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)

b.b.b.b.b
ab . ab . ab . ab . ab
xy . xy . xy . xy
(-a) (-a) (-a) (-a)
(-a) (-a)
(-3m) (-3m)
14) a . a . a . a . a . a
b b b b b b

2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
12)

15) abc . ab . abc . a

4.

1) 2 . m . m . m
3) -9 . m . m . m
5) 5 . y . y . t . t
7) (0.2) . p . p . t
9) 4 . a2 . a3 . a

7.a.a
-8 . a . a . b . b . b
1 .s.s.t.t.t
3
8) m3 . m3
10) (ab) (ab) (ab) (ab) (ab)

5.

1)
3)
5)
7)
9)

2)
4)
6)
8)
10)

(y - 1) (y - 1)
(5 4 ) (5 4 ) (5 4 )
(a + b + c) (a + b + c) (a + b + c)
(a- b)( a-b)
(x-3y )(x-3y)

2)
4)
6)

(2a + b) (2a + b) (2a + b)

(3a - 2b) (3a - 2b)
(3m - 2) (3m - 2)
(a - 1) (a - 1) (a - 2) (a - 2)
(b - 3)(b -3)(b + 5)(5 + b)

1.
23, 92
3
3

22
23
24
25

22
222
2222
22222

4
8
16
32

22, 23, 24, 25

4 < 8 < 16 < 32

22 < 23 < 24 < 25

10

52, 54, 53

1)

52

=
55
=
25
4
=
5555
5
=
625
3
5
=
555
=
125
25 < 125 < 625

52 < 53 < 54

1) 43
2) 64
3) 15
1)

43

=
=

444
64

2)

64

=
=

6666
1,296

3)

15

=
=

11111
1

4)

203

=
=

20 20 20
8,000

52, 53, 54

4) 203

11

4
2
3 3 2 (14)
2

34 (14)2
72 62

=
=
=
=

3 3 3 3 14 14
7766
33337272
772323
33
9

23 + 52
32

23 + 52
3
=
2
2
3
(6 - 25)2

3
(6 - 25)2
2

8 + 25
9

3
(36 - 32)2

33
9

3
42

33
9

3
16

528 - 27
144

501
144

167
48

323
48

12

2.
(-1)3, (-2)5, (-3)2
2

(-3)2
-3

(-3)2
(-3)3

=
=
=
=

(-3) (-3)
9
(-3) (-3) (-3)
-27

1)
(+3) (+2) = +6
(+4) (+1) = +4
2)
(-3) (-3) = +9
(-5) (-2) = +10
(-5)2
= (-5) (-5)
= +25
3)
(-3) (+3) = -9
(+5) (-2) = -10
(-2) (+7) = -14

13

(-1)2
(-1)3
(-2)2
(-2)3
(-2)4
(-2)5
(-2)6
(-2)7

(-1) (-1)
1
(-1) (-1) (-1)
-1
(-2) (-2)
4
(-2) (-2) (-2)
-8
(-2) (-2) (-2) (-2)
16
(-2) (-2) (-2) (-2) (-2)
-32
(-2) (-2) (-2) (-2) (-2) (-2)
64
(-2) (-2) (-2) (-2) (-2) (-2) (-2)
-128

4 < 16 < 64

(-2)2 < (-2)4 < (-2)6

-8 > -32 > -128

(-2)3 > (-2)5 > (-2)7

14

(-5)2 -52
( )

(-5)2 -5 2
=
(-5) (-5)
(-5)2
=
25
2

-5 52
-52
=
-(5 5)
=
-25
2

-52

(-5)
(-2)3 -23
(-2)3 -2 3
=
(-2) (-2) (-2)
(-2)3
=
-8
3

-2 23
-23
=
-(2 2 2)
=
-8
3
=
-23

(-2)
(-a)2 -a2
(-a)2 -a 2
=
(-a) (-a)
(-a)2
=
a2

-a2 a2
-a2
=
-(a a)
=
-a2

(-a)2

-a2

(-a)3
=
-a3

1) (-3)3
2) (-3)4
3) -32
4) -33
5) (-1)3
6) (-1)4

1)

(-3)3

=
=
=

(-3) (-3) (-3)

(-3) (9)
-27

2)

(-3)4

=
=
=
=

(-3) (-3) (-3) (-3)

(-3) (-3) (9)
(-3) (-27)
81

3)

-32

=
=

-(3 3)
-9

4)

-33

=
=

-(3 3 3)
-27

5)

(-1)3

=
=
=

(-1) (-1) (-1)

(1) (-1)
-1

6)

(-1)4

=
=
=

(-1) (-1) (-1) (-1)

1 (-1) (-1)
1

15

16

(-5)4

= (-5) (-5) (-5) (-5)

= 625
2
(-5)
= (-5) (-5)
= 25
3
(-5)
= (-5) (-5) (-5)
= -125
(-5)
= -5
-125 < -5 < 25 < 625

(-5)3 < (-5) < (-5)2 < (-5)4

(-5)3, (-5), (-5)2, (-5)4

(-5)4, (-5)2, (-5)3, (-5)

(-1)3 (-2)3
-24 (-1)2

(-1)3 (-2)3
-24 (-1)2

(-1) (-1) (-1) (-2) (-2) (-2)

-(2 2 2 2) (-1) (-1)
(-1) (-8)
-(16) (1)
8
-16

8
16

1
2

=
=

17

-22
4

-22
4

(-3)2 + (-1)5 + (-5)2

27

(-3)2 + (-1)5 + (-5)2

27

-(2 2) (-3) (-3)

5
+
(-1)
+ (-5) (-5)
4
27
-4 9 + (-1) + (25)
4 27

9 - 1 + 25
-1 27

-1 - 31 + 24

23 13

22 32

3.
3
2
3
12 , 25 , 27 , (0.2)2 , (-1.5)4

1
2

1
2

18

1)

1 2
2

1 1
2 2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

3
2

3
2

3
2

3
2

3
2

3
2

1
4
1
8
1
2

1
16
9
4

3
2

= 2 41

27 = 3 3
8
8

14

1
2

>
2

>

1
8
1
2

>
3

>

1
16
1
2

3 38

3
2

>
>

2 14
32
2

2)

(0.5)2
(0.5)3
(0.5)4
(1.5)2
(1.5)3

(0.5) (0.5)
(0.5) (0.5) (0.5)
(0.5) (0.5) (0.5) (0.5)
(1.5) (1.5)
(1.5) (1.5) (1.5)

0.25
0.125
0.0625
2.25
3.375

0.25 > 0.125

(0.5)2 > (0.5)3

>
>

0.0625
(0.5)4

2.25

(1.5)2

<
<

3.375
(1.5)3

3)

12
2

1 1
2 2

1
4

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
8
1
16
1
32
1
2

1
64

19

20

1
4

1
2

>

1
16

>

1
2

>

1
64

>

1
2

1
2

<

1
8

1
2

<

1
2

<
3

<

-1

1)
1)

-1 1
2

-1-12

4
-1-12

2)

9
4

-1-12

5
-1-12
4

-1 12

81
= 16

1
= 24

2)

-1 1
2

= 5 161

2 41

-1 21

1
5 16

<

-1 12

-1 21

27
8

3
= -3 8

<

243
32

= -7 19
32
-3 83
-1 21

>

19
-7 32

>

-112

1
32
1
2

21

4)

(-0.1)2

(-0.1) (-0.1)

0.01

(-0.1)3

(-0.1) (-0.1) (-0.1)

(-0.1)4

(-0.1) (-0.1) (-0.1) (-0.1)

(-0.1)5

(-0.1) (-0.1) (-0.1) (-0.1) (-0.1)

(-0.1)6

(-0.1) (-0.1) (-0.1) (-0.1) (-0.1) (-0.1) 0.000001

-0.001
0.0001
-0.00001

0.01 > 0.0001 > 0.000001

(-0.1)2 > (-0.1)4 > (-0.1)6

-0.1 < -0.001 < -0.00001

(-0.1) < (-0.1)3 < (-0.1)5

- 1

1) (-1.1)2 (-1.1)4

2) (-1.1)3 (-1.1)5

1) (-1.1)2 = (-1.1)(-1.1)
(-1.1)4 = (-1.1)(-1.1)(-1.1)(-1.1)
= 1.21
= 1.4641

1.21 < 1.4641

(-1.1)2 < (-1.1)4
2) (-1.1)3 = (-1.1)(-1.1)(-1.1) (-1.1)5 = (-1.1)(-1.1)(-1.1)(-1.1)(-1.1)
= -1.331
= -1.61051
-1.331 > -1.61051
(-1.1)3 > (-1.1)5

22

1 3,
5

1)

1
5

1)

1
5

1
5

, 1
5

1
5

1
125

1
5

2) 13
1
5

1
5

1
5

1
5

1
3

, 51

, 51

, 1
3

1
5

1
= 625
1
5
1
625

1
5

1
5

<

1
125

<

1
5

<
3

<

1
5
1
5
4

51
2)

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
243

1
3

1
81

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3
1
27

=
=

1
27

1
3

<

1
243

<

1
3

1
3

<
5

1
81
1
3

<

1
3

1
3

1
3

1
3

2
1) (0.5)2 (0.5)3

1)

(0.5)2 (0.5)3
(0.5)2
(0.5)3
0.25
(0.5)2

2)

=
=
=
=
>
>

(-0.2)3 (-0.2)4
(-0.2)3 =
=
4
(-0.2)
=
=
-0.008 <
(-0.2)3 <

2) (-0.2)3 (-0.2)4

(0.5) (0.5)
0.25
(0.5) (0.5) (0.5)
0.125
0.125
(0.5)3

(-0.2) (-0.2) (-0.2)

-0.008
(-0.2) (-0.2) (-0.2) (-0.2)
0.0016
0.0016
(-0.2)4

23

24

2
1.
1) 108

108 10
108 8
108 100,000,000
2) (-2)5
1
3

4)

3) 32
2

6) (-0.2)4
2 31

8)

4
5

10)

5) (0.3)2
7) (2 5)3
9)

(0.3)8

11) (-4)3

12) a4

13) (5b)3

14) (ab)3

15) (a2)3

16) (a3 b2)5

2.
2.1
1) 23
2) -23
4) 34
5) -34
7) 62
8) -62
10) 73
11) -73
13) 105
14) -105
16) 122
17) -122
2.2

1) 32

4) 53

7) 1 2
6

2.3

10) 21

13) 23

16) 37

1)
4)
7)
10)
13)
16)

(0.2)2
(0.4)3
(0.5)4
(0.1)5
(1.2)2
(3.2)3

3)
6)
9)
12)
15)
18)

(-2)3
(-3)4
(-6)2
(-7)3
(-10)5
(-12)2

24
3

3)

2
3

2)

33
53

6)

3
5

5)

12
6

9)

1
6

8)

15
25

12)

1
2

11)

34
24

15)

3
2

14)

7
33

18)

7
3

17)
2)
5)
8)
11)
14)
17)

-(0.2)2
-(0.4)3
-(0.5)4
-(0.1)5
-(1.2)2
-(3.2)3

3)
6)
9)
12)
15)
18)

(-0.2)2
(-0.4)3
(-0.5)4
(-0.1)5
(-1.2)2
(-3.2)3

25

26

3. > , < , = ,
1) 24
23
2) 14
2

1
23

4)

1
22
2
1 21
1 12

1 12

5)

5
2

5
2

6)
7)

5
2

3)

1
23
2
3

5
2

8) (0.1)3

(0.1)2

9) (-0.1)3

(-0.1)4

10) (-0.02)4

(0.02)3

4.
1) 34 , 25 , 52 , 72
2) (-2)5 , (-3)2 , (-5)3 , (-4)2
2
3
4
5
3) 31 , 13 , 31 , 13
4) (0.3)4 , (0.2)6 , (-0.4)2 , (-0.5)3
5)

2
2
1 32 , -2 31 , (1.5)3 , (-2.4)2

27

81
=
3333
=
34
81
=
99
=
92
81
=
(-9) (-9)
=
(-9)2
81
=
(-3) (-3) (-3) (-3)
=
(-3)4
81 34 92 (-9)2
(-3)4
27
=
333
27 33
-27 =
(-3) (-3) (-3)
=
(-3)3
-27 =
-(3 3 3)
=
-33
-27 (-3)3 -33

28

3 ) 81
3 ) 27
3)9
3
81 = 3 3 3 3
81 = 34

1)

81
9
9
3

81 = 3 3 3 3
81 = 34

1) 16
2) -16
3) 243
4) -243
5) 125
6) -125
16

=
2222
=
24
16
=
44
=
42
16
=
(-2) (-2) (-2) (-2)
=
(-2)4
16
=
(-4) (-4)
=
(-4)2
16 24 42 (-2)4 (-4)2

2)

-16

= -(2 2 2 2)
= -24
-16 = -(4 4)
= -42
-16 -24 -42

3)

= 33333
= 35
243 35

4)

-243 = -(3 3 3 3 3)
= -35
-243 = (-3) (-3) (-3) (-3) (-3)
= (-3)5
-243 -35 (-3)5

5)

243

125

= 555
= 53
125 53

6)

-125 =
=
-125 =
=

-(5 5 5)
-53
(-5) (-5) (-5)
(-5)3

-125 (-5)3 -53

29

30

1)

1) 0.0625
2) -0.0625
8
8
3) 4) -27
27

=
(0.5) (0.5) (0.5) (0.5)
=
(0.5)4
0.0625
=
(-0.5) (-0.5) (-0.5) (-0.5)
=
(-0.5)4
0.0625
=
(0.25) (0.25)
=
(0.25)2
0.0625
=
(-0.25) (-0.25)
=
(-0.25)2
0.0625 (0.5)4 (-0.5)4 (0.25)2 (-0.25)2
2)

3)

4)

0.0625

-0.0625

=
- {(0.5) (0.5) (0.5) (0.5)}
=
-(0.5)4
-0.0625
=
- { (0.25) (0.25) }
=
-(0.25)2
-0.0625 -(0.5)4 -(0.25)2
8
2 2 2
=
27
3 3 3
2 3
=
3
8
2 2 2
=
27
3 3 3

2 3
3
2 2 2
3 3 3

2
3

=
8
- 27

3
1.
1) 25

3)
5)
7)
9)
11)

128
343
729
2,500
2,401

= 55
= 52

2) 144 = 12 12
= 122
4)
6)
8)
10)
12)

289
1,000
1,331
3,125
62,500

2.
1) -27
2)
3) -128
4)
5) -1,000
6)
7) -729
8)
9) -2,187
10)
11) -10,000
12)

-49
-343
-625
-2,401
-6,561
-27,000

3.
1) 0.81
2)
3) 0.25
4)
5) 0.00032
6)
7) 0.125
8)
9) -1.44
10)
11) -0.008
12)

0.001
1.69
0.000625
1.331
0.0016
-0.03125

31

32

4.
1) 4
2)
9
3) 1
4)
64

25
49
27
125

5) 81
256

6) 9
8

7) 27
64

8) 1
64

9) 27
125

10) 81
256

11) 125
729

12) 169
225

33

1.

= (2 2) + (2 2 2)
22+ 23
= 4+8
= 12
3 2
= (-2)(-2)(-2)+(3 3)
(-2) + 3
= -8 + 9
= 1
3
-12 - -58
= -12 -12 -12 - -58
= 81 85
4
=
8
1
=
2

2 . 37 + 4 . 37 = (2 + 4) 37
7
= 6.3

2. ()
a2 , b4 , a2b3
a2
aa
4
b

bbbb
2 3
aabbb
a b

34

9aaa =
9a3

3 a
1 a3

a3
2a
2 a
4
-3b -3 b4
-c2 -1 c2

- 1 -1
2a3, a3, -a2
- a2 b c3, xyz2, mn2


2 a3 + 3 a3
=
(2 + 3) a3
=
5a3
6 a2 b - 2 a2 b
=
(6 - 2) a2 b
=
4a2 b

=
(5 + 3) 2x
5 . 2x + 3 . 2x
=
8 . 2x
2 . 37 + 4 . 37
=
(2 + 4) 37
=
6 . 37

5m

2m
2
-4n

3m2
-13 m2

2mn2
2a3 b2 c6

2a3 b2 c6
7s2t

2st2

35

-4n2 3m2, -13 m2 2mn2 7s2t 2st2

5m 2m , 2a3 b2 c6 2a3 b2 c6

1)
10a + 6a-2a
2)
4m2 - m2 + 5m2

1) 10a + 6a -2a
2) 4m2 - m2 + 5m2

=
=
=
=

(10 + 6 - 2) a
14a
(4 - 1 + 5) m2
8 m2

1) 3a - 6b2 + 4a - 7b2 - a
2) (2c2 d5 - 3c2 d5) + (b3 + 5b3)

1) 3a - 6b2 + 4a - 7b2 - a

=
=
=
=
2 5
2 5
3
3
2) (2 c d -3c d ) + (b + 5 b ) =
=
=
=

3a + 4a - a - 6b2 - 7b2
(3a + 4a - a) - (6b2 + 7b2)
(3 + 4 - 1) a - ( 6 + 7) b2
6a - 13b2
2c2d5 - 3c2d5 + b3 + 5b3
(2 - 3) c2 d5 + (1 + 5)b3
-c2 d5 + 6b3
6b3- c2 d5

36

1)
(2 a4 + b4) - (15a4- 8b4)
2)
13 (a + b)3- 5 (a + b)3

1) (2 a4 + b4) - (15a4- 8b4)

=
=
=
=
=

2a4 + b4-15a4 + 8b4

2a4 - 15a4 + b4 + 8b4
(2 - 15)a4 + (1 + 8)b4
-13a4 + 9b4
9b4 - 13a4

2) 13 (a + b)3 - 5 (a + b)3

=
=

(13 - 5)(a + b)3

8(a + b)3

1) 510 + 7.510 - 4.510

=
=
=

(1 + 7 - 4) 510
(4)510
4 510

2) 2.32x - 32x + 5.32x

=
=
=

(2-1+5) 32x
(6)32x
6 32x

1)
510 + 7.510 - 4.510
2)
2.32x - 32x + 5.32x

-(5a4 - 8b4) =
=

(-1)(5a4 - 8b4)
-5a4 + 8b4

37

4
1.
1) 33 + 24
3) 54 + 82
5) (-1)3 + (-1)4 + (-1)5 - (-1)6 - (-1)7
7) (-11)2 - 23 + (-3)2
2
5
9) 3 2 + 23 - 72
5 5 5

(-2 )2 + (-3)2
(-3)3 + (-1)4
64 - (10 - 3)2
(0.4)2 - (0.04)3
3
2
10) 37 + 121

2.
1) (3 4)2
3) (-1)2
5) (2 3)2 - 5 + 2
7) 3(-2)4 - 6(-2)2 + 3(-2)3 - 1
9) 23 + 23 + 23

2)
4)
6)
8)
10)

(12 - 2)2
2 32
8 (-1)3 - 7 (-1)2 + 2(-1)
(4 + 3)2 + (4 32)
108 + 108 - 108

3.
1) b + b
3) m + m + m
5) 5x + 4x - 2x
7) 14d - 3d + 5d
9) k - 3k + 15k - 20k

2)
4)
6)
8)
10)

3c + 2c
3m + 2m - 5m
8y - 3y + y
9t - 12t + t
4x2 + 5x2 - 6x2

2)
4)
6)
8)

38

4.
1) 3a3+ a3
3) 8b4 - 9b4
5) 2a3b4 + 10a3 b4
7) 15b3 - 7c4 + 2b3 + c4
9) 2x4y5z6 + 3x4y5z6

2)
4)
6)
8)
10)

5.
1) (a3 + b) + (4a3 - 2b)
3) (4c9 - d8) - (2c9+5d8)
5) 8(m+2n)5- 3(m+2n)5
7) 9(a+b+c)5- 4(a+b+c)5

2)
4)
6)
8)

5t2 - 2t2
7y8 - 10y8
3c2d2 - c2d2
8a0 + 9b0- 4c5+ c5
16a2b3c4- 12 a2b3c4

(2x4 - 1) + (5 + 3x4)
(2a8b + 5)-(4 - 3a8b)
14(x2+y)3- 8(x2+y)3
10(a+2b)2- 3(a+2b)2 + (a+2b)2

39

32 33
=
(3 3) (3 3 3)
=
33333
=
35
32 33
32 22
=
(3 3) (2 2)
=
32 22
32 22

32 33
24 2
(-5)3 (-5)
12 12
2 2

(33)(333)
(2222)2
(-5)(-5)(-5)(-5)
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2

(0.7)(0.7)2
(0.7)(0.7)(0.7)
3
2
a a
(a . a . a)(a . a)
4
3
a a
(a . a . a . a) (a . a . a)
.
.
.
.
.
.
m
n
a a
(a a ... a) (a a ... a)
m

35
25
54
14
2
(0.7)3
a5
a7
.
.
.
am + n

32 + 3
24 + 1
53 + 1
1 2+2
2
(0.7)1 + 2
a3 + 2
a4 + 3
.
.
.
am + n

40

a m n
am . an = am + n

1) 25 24
2) 53 58
3) 712 7 72
4) 105 1022 10

1)

25 24

=
=

25 + 4
29

2)

53 58

=
=

53 + 8
511

3)

712 7 72

=
=

712 + 1 + 2
715

4)

105 1022 10

=
=

105 + 22 + 1
1028

1) 92 34
2) 28 82
3) (49)2 73
4) 81 35 3

1)

92 34

=
=
=
=
=

(9 9) 34
(3 3 3 3) 34
34 34
34 + 4
38

2)

28 82

=
=
=
=
=

28 (8 8)
28 (2 2 2 2 2 2)
28 26
28 + 6
214

3)

(49)2 73

=
=
=
=
=

(49 49) 73
(7 7 7 7) 73
74 73
74 + 3
77

4)

81 35 3 =
=
=
=

81 35 + 1
(3 3 3 3) 36
34 36
310

41

42

1) (-2)2 (-2)4
2) -33 (-3)4
3)

(1.3)5 (1.69)2

4)

(-0.0008)2 15

1)

(-2)2 (-2)4

=
=

(-2)2 + 4
(-2)6 26

2)

-33 (-3)4

=
=
=
=
=

-(3 3 3) (-3)4
-27 (-3)4
(-3)3 (-3)4
(-3)3+4
(-3)7

-33 (-3)4

=
=
=
=
=

-33 81
-(3)3 34
-(3)3 + 4
-37
(-3)7 -37

=
=
=
=
=

(1.3)5 (1.69) (1.69)

(1.3)5 (1.3 1.3) (1.3 1.3)
(1.3)5 (1.3)4
(1.3)5 + 4
(1.3)9

-33 (-3)4
3)

(1.3)5 (1.69)2

4)

(-0.008)2

1 3=
5
=
=
=
=

43

(-0.008) (-0.008) (-0.2)3

(-0.2) (-0.2) (-0.2) (-0.2) (-0.2)(-0.2) (-0.2)3
(-0.2)6 (-0.2)3
(-0.2)6 + 3
(-0.2)9

1) m3 . m4
3) (a5 . a6) (a2 . a3)

2)
4)

a7 . a8 . a3
(a2 . a5 . a12) (a . a3)

1)

m3 . m4

=
=

m3 + 4
m7

2)

a7 . a8 . a3

=
=

a7 + 8 + 3
a18

3)

(a5 . a6) (a2 . a3)

=
=
=
=

a5 + 6 . a2 + 3
a11 . a5
a11 + 5
a16

4)

(a2 . a5 . a12) (a . a3)

=
=
=
=

a2 + 5 + 12 (a1 + 3)
a19 . a4
a19 + 4
a23

44

1) a2 b . ab3
2)
3 2.
2
3) (mn ) (m n)
4)

a2 b3 . abc3
p2 q3 . p5 q7 . p4 q

1)

a2 b . ab3

=
=
=
=

a2 . b . a . b3
a2 . a . b . b3
a2 + 1 . b1 + 3
a3 b4

2)

a2 b3 . abc3

=
=
=

a2 . a . b3 . b . c3
a2 + 1 . b3 + 1 . c3
a3 b4 c3

3)

(mn3)2 . (m2 n)

=
=
=
=
=
=

(mn3) (mn3) (m 2n)

m . n3 . m . n3 . m2 . n
m . m . m2 . n3 . n3 . n
m1 + 1 + 2 . n3 + 3 + 1
m4 . n7
m4 n7

4)

p2 q3 . p5 q7 . p4 q

=
=
=
=

p2 . q3 . p5 . q7 . p4 . q
p2 . p5 . p4 . q3 . q7 . q
p2 + 5 + 4 . q3 + 7+ 1
p11 q11

1) 3a . 4a
2)
4 .
3
3) (5a ) (-2a )
4)

5m5 . 2m4 . 3m
(-6m2 n) . (-2mn4)

1)

3a . 4a

=
=
=

3.4.a.a
12 . a1 + 1
12a2

2)

5m5 . 2m4 . 3m

=
=
=

5 . 2 . 3 . m5 . m4 . m
30 . m5 + 4 + 1
30m10

3)

(5a4) . (-2a3)

=
=
=
=

5 . a4 . (-2) . a3
5 . (-2) . a4 . a3
-10a4 + 3
-10a7

4)

(-6m2 n) . (-2mn4) =
=
=
=

(-6) . m2 . n . (-2) . m . n4
(-6) (-2) . m2 . m . n . n4
12m2 + 1 . n1 + 4
12m3 n5

45

46

1) (a + b)2 (a + b)3
2)
2
3) 2m (5m - 3)
4)

(y2 - 3)2 (3 - y2)

-6x2 (2xy - 8x3)

1)

(a + b)2 (a + b)3

=
=

(a + b)2 + 3
(a + b)5

2)

(y2 - 3)2 ( 3 - y2)

=
=
=
=
=
=

(y2 - 3)2 (-y2+ 3 )

(y2 - 3)2 {(-1)(y2 - 3)}
( y2 - 3 )2 (-1) ( y2- 3)
- (y2- 3 )2 (y2 - 3 )
-( y2 - 3 )2+1
-( y2 - 3 )3

3)

2m (5m2- 3)

=
=
=

(2m 5m2) - (2m 3)

10m1+2 - 6m
10m3 - 6m

4)

-6x2 (2xy - 8x3)

=
=
=
=

{ (-6x2) 2xy} - {(-6x2) 8x3}

(-12x3y) - (-48 x5)
-12x3y + 48 x5
48 x5 - 12x3y

*
2
(3 - y )
2
2m (5m - 3)

=
=
=
=

2
(-y + 3)
2
(-1)(y - 3)
2
2m(5m - 3)
2
2m 5m - 2m 3

m n
1)
3)

am . a 2m
57m + 1 . 52 - 3m

2)
4)

35n . 32n
a1 - 3n . a3n - 5

1)

am . a2m

=
=

am + 2m
a3m

2)

35n . 32n

=
=

35n + 2n
37n

3)

57m + 1 . 52 - 3m

=
=
=

5(7m + 1) + (2 - 3m)
57m + 1 + 2 - 3m
54m + 3

57m + 1 . 52 - 3m

=
=
=
=
=

(57m 51) (52 5-3m)

51 52 57m 5-3m
53 57m - 3m
53 54m
53 + 4m

a1 - 3n . a3n - 5

=
=
=

a(1 - 3n) + (3n - 5)

a1 - 3n + 3n -5
a-4

a1 - 3n . a3n - 5

=
=
=
=
=

(a1 . a-3n) (a3n . a-5)

a1 . a-5 . a-3n . a3n
a1 - 5 . a -3n + 3n
a-4 . a0
a-4

4)

47

48

1.
1) 22 23
3) 3 34
5) 54 55 5
7) (26 2) (25 24)
9) 52 53 74 7 5
25 54
27 9 35
64 28 8
(-2)3 (-32)

2.

1)
3)
5)
7)

3.

1) (0.1)3 (0.1)
3) (0.05)2 (0.05)3

2)
4)
6)
8)

5) (0.2) (0.2)4 (0.2)5

4.

2
3

7)

1
5

9)

2
3
1
5

1
5

2
5

125 144
(-3)4 9
(85 - 4) 34
(-1)5 14 (-1)3

8)

1
2

10)

7
8

2
3

1
2

7
8

7
8

2) (-2)2 (-22)
3
1 2
4) 13
3

3) (-73) (-7)3
2

78 7
113 11
115 114 11
35 3 2 24
(132 13) (105 104)

2) (1.2)2 (1.2)3
4) (4.3)2 (4.3)7 (4.3)
2
4
6) 1 1
2 2

1) (-1)3 (-12)

5) 52

2)
4)
6)
8)
10)

6)

2
3

2
3

7) (-0.1)2 (-0.1)
9) -(1.3)2 (-1.3)3

8) (-0.2)3 (-0.2)4
10) (-1)4 (-1)5 (-1)6 (-1)7

5.

1)
3)
5)
7)
9)

p2 . p3
a3 . a10 . a
(-a) (-a)2 (-a)3
2 . b3 . b . b4
(-m2) (-m3) (-m5)

2)
4)
6)
8)
10)

6.

1)
3)
5)
7)

ab2 . a2 b
(mn)3 . mn3
abc3 . a2 bc
1 ab2 (3ab2)
3

pq5 . pq2 . p3 q
(x4 y) (xy)4
(-a2) (-ab) (-a4)
(-ab) (-ac) (-bc)
6
10) (4p5) (3p) 12 p

9) (-c2 d) (-cd3)
7.

1) (2x) (2x)
3) (4p2) (3p5)
5) (-a)2 (-2a)3

8.

1)
3)
5)
7)
9)

b4 . b5
m2 . m . m4
(2x) (2x) (2x)
(-a2) (-a)3
(-m)2 (-m)3 (-m)5

2)
4)
6)
8)

2) (5a) (3a) (2a)

4) (-3c2) (c3 d) (cd)2
6) (-4a3) (-3a)2
7) (4a2 bc) (3ab2 c) (2ab5) 8) -12 m2 n (2mn2) (mn)
9) (-3a2 b) (-2ab4) (a2)
10) (-2m)2 (-5m)3 (-m)3
(a + 1)2(a + 1)3
(a + b)15(a + b)3
(2m + 3)5(3 + 2m)2
(a + b - c)2(a + b - c)5
(-2c3)( 3c2-4c+1)

2)
4)
6)
8)
10)

(2x - 1)4(2x - 1)5

(1 - m)4( m - 1 )2
(7a - b)( b - 7a )4
3a3( 2a2- 5 )
( 2ab )( 8a + 3b )

49

50
9.

1)
3)
5)
7)
9)

5(5x)
pn . p2n
y3n . y3n
42n . 43n+ 5
a1 - 2n . a5 - 3n

10. a = 1, b = 2
1) a2 b
3) a2 + b2
5) 3a3 - b2
7) (-b)3 + (-b)2

2)
4)
6)
8)
10)

2)
4)
6)
8)

(an)a
2n . 22n
3m . 32m . 3m
9m . 95m . 9
x4m + 2 . x1 + 5m

-ab
-a2 + 2b
1 - (-a)3
a2 b3 - ab

51

(4 3)2 , (8 5)6 , (22 4)3
2
2

(4 3)

(4 3)

(ab)4 , (3abc)3 , (-c2d)2
4

(ab)

(ab)

(3 5)2
(6 4)3
(-2)2
(-3)3
(0.1 0.2)2
(2b)3
(ab)3
(ab)4

(3 5) (3 5)
32 52
(6 4) (6 4) (6 4)
63 43
(-1) (2) (-1) (2)
(-1)222
(-1) (3) (-1) (3)(-1) (3)
(-1)333
(0.1 0.2)(0.1 0.2)
(0.1)2(0.2)2
(2b) (2b) (2b)
23 b3
(ab) (ab) (ab)
a3 b3
(ab) (ab) (ab) (ab)
a4 b4

52

.
.
.
(ab)n

.
.
.
(ab) ... (ab)

.
.
.

an bn

(ab)n

(a a ... a) (b b ... b)
n

n n

ab

a b a o, b o n
(ab)n = an bn

1) (7 5)2
2) (2 3)3
1)

(7 5)2

=
=
=

72 52
49 25
1,225

2)

(2 3)3

=
=
=

23 33
8 27
216

3)

(-5)3

=
=
=
=

(-1 5)3
(-1)3 53
-1 125
-125

3) (-5)3

1)

(2+3)3

= 53
= 125

23 + 33

= 8 + 27
= 35

(2+3)3 23 + 33

2)

(a+b)2

= (a+b) (a+b)
= a(a + b) + b(a + b)
= a2+ ab + ab +b2
= a2+ 2ab + b2

a2+b2= a2+b2

(a+b)2 a2+b2 a = 0 b = 0, a = 1 b = 0, a = 0 b = 1

(a-b) (a-b)

(m+n)(m-n)

(m2-n2)(m2-n2)

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

(a-b)2
a(a-b) - b(a-b)
a2 - ab - ab + b2
a2 - 2ab + b2
m(m-n) + n(m-n)
m2 - mn + mn - n2
m2 - n2
m2(m2-n2) - n2(m2-n2)
m4 - m2n2 - m2n2 + n4
m4 - 2m2n2 + n4

(a - b)2
=
a2 - 2ab + b2
(a + b)2
=
a2 + 2ab + b2
m2 - n2
=
(m - n)(m + n)
(m2 - n2)2
=
m4 - 2m2n2 + n4

53

54

1) (2a)3
3) (3ab)2

2)
4)

(mn)5
(2xy)3

1)

(2a)3

=
=

23 . a3
8a3

2)

(mn)5

m5n5

3)

(3ab)2

=
=

32 . a2 . b2
9a2 b2

4)

(2xy)3

=
=

23 . x3 . y3
8x3 y3

1) (-2b)3
3
3) - 13 pq

2)

(-5m)4

4)

(-1.2cd)2

1)

(-2b)3

=
=

(-2)3 b3
-8b3

2)

(-5m)4

=
=

(-5)4 m4
625m4

1 pq 3
3

3)

(-1.2cd)2

4)

3 3 3

pq

1
3

1 p3q3
27

p3q3
27
(-1.2)2 c2 d2
1.44c2 d2

=
=

1)

(2xy)2 (xy)5

2)

3)

(-7ab)2 (-2a)2

4)

(3m)3 . mn2
1 p2q . (-2pq)3
2

1)

(2xy)2 (xy)5

=
=
=

22 x2 y2 . x5 y5
4x 2 + 5 . y 2 + 5
4x7 y7

2)

(3m)3 . mn2

=
=
=

33 m3 . mn2
27m3 + 1 . n2
27m4 n2

3)

(-7ab)2 (-2a)3

=
=
=
=

(-7)2 a2 b2 . (-2)3 a3
49a2 b2 . (-8)a3
49 . (-8) a2 + 3 . b2
-392a5 b2

55

56

3
1 2
2 p q (-2pq)

4)

3 3 3
1 2 .
2 p q (-2) p q

3 2 +3 1 +3
1
.q
2 . (-2) p

5 4
1
2 . (-8) p q

-4p5 q4

5
1)
3)

{ 2 (a + 3) }2
{ (m + n) (m - n) }2

2)
4)

{-3 (a - b) }2
{ (x + y) (x + y) }4

1)

{ 2 (a + 3) }2

=
=
=

22 (a + 3)2
4 (a + 3)2
4 (a2 + 6a + 9)

2)

{-3 (a - b) }2

=
=

(-3)2 (a - b)2
9 (a2 - 2ab + b2)

3)

{ (m + n) (m - n) }2 =
=
=
=

( m2 + mn - mn - n2 )2
( m2 - n2)2
(m2 - n2) (m2 - n2)
m4 - 2m2 n2 + n4

4)

{ (x + y) (x + y) }4 =
=

{ (x + y)2 }4
(x + y)8

6
1.
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)

(2 3)3
(5 3)2
(ab)4
(abc)3
(mn)15

2.
1) (2b)3
3) (5cd)2
1pq 2
5)
5
7)
9)

2cd 3
3
(1.5xyz)2

3.
1) (3st) (2st)3

2)
4)
6)
8)
10)

(1 4)3
(6 9)2
(xy)6
(cd)10
(xyz)4

2)
4)
6)

(3ab)4
(0.3m)2
(-1.4b)3

8)

(-5mn)4

10)

(0.2xyz)3

3)

(7xy)2 (4y)3

4)

5)

(-m)3 (-m2)

6)

(-5ab)3 (-12ab)2
-13 m2 n . (9mn2)3
4 bc 2 (10bc)2
5

7)

(-2cd)5 (bcd)3

8)

(1.3ab)2 (-ab)12

9)

(-27mn3) (-3mn)4

2)

10)

2 pq
5

5 pq 3 (pq)4
8

57

58

4.
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)

3(2x + 1)2 . 3x
12 (1 - 4b)2 (1 - 4b)3
{-3 (3a - b)7 }3
(p + 1)8 (p + 1)5
{-5 (a + b + c)4 }2

2)
4)
6)
8)
10)

2(a + 3)2 (3 + a )3
{ 2 (1 - c) }4
{-2 (m + n)6 }3
{3 (c - d)3 }4
{ (2m - n)2 (n - 2m)3 }2

(23)2 , (a4)5 , (-3m2)3 , (a2 b3)4
2
3 2

(2 )

23

(23)2

=
=
=

23 23
23 + 3
22 3

13
= 3
23
= 3+3
33
= 3+3+3
43
= 3+3+3+3
53
= 3+3+3+3+3

2 a
3 a2
4 b3

=
=
=

a+a
a2 + a2 + a2
b3 + b3 + b3 + b3

59

60

3 2
3
3
3+3
(2 )
2 2
2
22 3 = 23 2
(0.5)2 3
(0.5)2 (0.5)2(0.5)2 (0.5)2 + 2 + 2 (0.5)3 2 = (0.5) 2 3

{ }
{ 13 }

22

1
3

(a4)2
(a10)3
.
.
.

1
3

1
3

a4 . a4
a10 . a10 . a10
.
.
.

(am)n

2+2

am am am ... am

22

1
3

a4 + 4
a10 + 10 + 10
.
.
.
n
m + m + ... + m

a2
a3

10

a m n
(am)n = am n

1) (23)2
3)

{(-3)2 }3

2)
4)

1)

(23)2

=
=

23 2
26

2)

(52)4

=
=

52 4
58

(52)4
23
-23

{( ) }

= a4
= a10
.
.
.

anm = amn

3)

{(-3)2 }3

4)

{ }
2
3

=
=
=
=

(-3)2 3
(-3)6
(-1)6 36
36
2
3

23

2
3

=
=

26
36

2 3

1) (x3)5
3) (-m4)3

{ (-a)2 }4
(a2 b4)5

2)
4)

1)

(x3)5

=
=

x3
x15

2)

{ (-a)2 }4

=
=
=
=
=

(-a) 2 4
(-a)8
{ (-1) a }8
(-1)8 a8
a8

61

62

3)

4)

(-m4)3

(a2 b4)5

=
=
=
=

{ (-1) m4 }3
(-1)3 m 4 3
(-1)m12
-m12

=
=

a2 5 . b 4
a10 b20

1) (5c4 d)3
3) {(2ab3 c2)3 }3

2)
4)

{ (2a 3)2 }3
(-3a 2)4 (-2b 2)3

1)

(5c4 d)3

=
=
=

53 . c4 3 . d 1
53 c12 d3
125c12 d3

2)

{ (2a3)2 }3

=
=
=
=
=

(2a3)2
(2a3)6
26 . a3
26 a18
64a18

=
=
=
=

(2ab3 c2)3 3
(2ab3 c2)9
29 a 1 9 . b3
512a9 b27 c18

3)

{(2ab3 c2)3 }3

. c2

63

4)

(-3a2)4 (-2b2)3

=
=
=
=

(-3)4 . a2 4 . (-2)3 b2
(-3)4 . a8 . (-2)3 b6
81a8 . (-8) b6
-648a8 b6

1) (22)4 + (33)2
2) (5c2 d10)2 + (-cd5)4
3) m3 (mn2)2 + m (-mn)4 4) { 2 (a + 3)2 }3 { (a + 3) b2 }2

1)

(22)4 + (33)2

2)

(5c2 d10)2 + (-cd5)4 =

=
=

52 . c2 2 . d10 2 + (-c)4 d 5
25c4 d20 + c4 d20
26c4 d20

3)

m3(mn2)2 + m(-mn)4 =
=
=
=

m3 (m2 n2 2) + m (-m)4 n4
m3 + 2 . n4 + m (-1)4 m4 n4
m5 . n4 + m5 n4
2m5 n4

=
=
=
=

22 4 + 33
28 + 36
256 + 729
985

64

4)

{ 2 (a + 3)2 }3 { (a + 3) b2 }2
= 23 (a + 3)2 3 . (a + 3)2 b 2
= 8 (a + 3)6 . (a + 3)2 b4
= 8 (a + 3)6 + 2 . b4
= 8 b4 (a + 3)8

1)

{(n - m)(m - n)2}3

2)

1)

{(n - m)(m - n)2}3 =

=
=
=
=

{(-m+n)(m-n) 2}3
{(-1)(m-n)(m-n)2}3
{(-1)(m-n)3}3
(-1)3( m-n)3 3
-(m - n)9

2)

(a2 b - 5a3 b2)4

(a2 b - 5a3 b2)4

= {a2 b(1- 5ab) }4

= a2 4 b1 4 (1- 5ab)1 4
= a8 b4(1- 5ab)4

1.

22 (22)3
3
22 = 22 2 2
(22)3 = 26
= 28
a, b a 0 b 0
m m
a b
(a b)m
m+n
am bn
(ab)
m-n
am bn
(ab)

2.

7
1.
1) (23)4
3)
5)

(33)5
{ (-2)3 }4

4)
6)

(52)3
2 2
3
(-23)4

7)

{ (-3)3 }5

8)

(-33)5

9)
11)

(-72)2
{(0.3)2} 3

10) { (-7)2 }2
12) 13 2
2

2)

2.
1) (p2)8

2)

(p3 q4)5

3)

(-x3)4

4)

(-c4)5

5)

(-b7)3

6)

{ (-m)4 }5

7)

{ (a 2)3 }4

8)

{ (c5)3 }2

9)

{ (-b)4 }5

10) (a2 b3)5

3.
1) (5a)2
2m4
4)
3
7) (-4m6)2

5)

1c2
2
(3a2)2

6)

1 cd 2
3
(7m6)2

8)

(-b2)4

9)

(2y3)4

10) 2(c3)4

11)

{(-4b5)2}4

12) {-(4d5)2}3

13) { (an)2 }3

14)

{ (-b)n }2

15) { (pn qm)4 }3

2)

3)

65

66

4.
1) (-2b2 c5)3

2) (-4m2 n6)3

3)

(-3t2 s5)4

4) (-c4 d)5

5)

(4a) (3a)2

6) (3m 2)3 (2n3)2

7)

{(-5a)2 (5a2)} 3

8) {(-m2 n)3 (3m4 n)} 3

9)

25
(-3 b4 c)4 91 bc2

4
10) 21 a3 {(4a7)3}2

5.

3)

(2y)3n (3y)2n (-y)4n

2n
(2m4 n5)n 12 mn4

3n
2) (5c)3n (2c2)2n 1 2
10
2n 3 4
2 2+n
4) (p q ) (4p q)

5)

(c2)n (c3)2n

6) (x2 y)n (x2 y3)n-5

7)

(a n + 1)3 (a n)3

8) (2m2 n3)4 - (3m4 n6)2

9)

(5c2 d4)3 + (-cd2)6

1)

10) b3 (bc2)2 + b (-bc)4

6. a = 1 , b = 2 , c = -3
1)

5b2 c

2) (5b2 c)2

3)

(-7a2 b)2

5)

(3a3 + 2c3)2

3
4) -49 c3b
5 3
6) (-a)8 b
8) c2 - b2

7)
9)

-4a8 bc3
27
(c - b) (c + b)

10) a2 + b2 + c2

7.
1) 94 815

2) 3210 645

3)

710 493 3432

4) 254 6253 1257

5)

(274)2 (38)3

6) 2562 (168)2

7)
9)

252 1003
24
(0.5)5 (0.7)3
(0.35)3

(0.3)3 (0.027)3
8)
(0.09)4
278 813
10) 3 4
243 3

8.

[{ } ]

1)

{(-2)3}2

2)

(-32)3

2 4

3)

(2x3y)2-(5x3y)2

4) 5(a3 b6)2 - (a2 b4)3

5)

{(a - b)3(b - a)}2

6) {(1 - 5a)2(5a - 1)3}3

7)

(a3b2- 3 a2b2)3

8) {(2c2- 4c)2}3

9)

32 (34)2

10)

4
23

2
43

67

68

25 , 32 , 52 , 34 , 3a2 , 3ab
23 35 52 23 9a 6ac
25
23

=
=

32
5

=
52
52

=
=

3
23
3a2
9a

3.a.a
3.3.a
a
3
3.a.b
2 3.a.c

b
2c

=
=

3ab
6ac

22222
222
2
2
33
33333
1
33
55
55
1
3333
222

69

1.

am m > n a 0
an

35
33333
333 = 33
35-2
2
3

3
3
24
2222
22 = 22
24-2
22
22
a3
a2
.
.
.

am
an

aaa
aa
.
.
.

a = a1
.
.
.

m-n

a a a ... a
a a ... a

a a a ... a

a3-2
.
.
.

am-n

m > n

a a 0 m, n
am = am-n
an

70

2.

am m = n a 0
an

33
32
1
2
33
3
23
222
1
3
222
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
am
an

a a a ... a
a a a ... a

m = n a a 0
am = 1
m n an
am = am - n

a 0
an
m, n m = n am - n = a0
a a 0
a0 = 1

m = n
a a 0 m n
am = am - n
an

71

3.

am m < n a 0
an


2
2
22
1
1
3
3-2
2
22
2
2
2
3
3
1 = 1
1
4
3
3

3
3

3
3
3
34-1
a2
aa
1
1
= 12
4
a
aaa
a
a
a
a
a4-2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
m

am
an

a a ... a
a a a ... a

1
a a a ... a

n - m

m < n a
am = 1

an-m
an

1n-m
a

0 m n

a a 0 n
1
= a-n
n
a

1an - m

=
=
=

a-(n - m)
a- n + m
am - n

72

1an - m
am
an

am - n

am-n

m < n

a a o m n
am
=
am - n
n
a

a a 0 m, n
am
=
am - n
n
a
am
m > n
=
am-n
n
a
am
m = n
=
1
an
am
1
=
m < n
n
n-m
a
a

28
25

=
=
8
(-3)
- =
(-3)7
=

28-5
23
(-3)8-7
(-3)

53
57

=
=
=

53-7
5-4
1
54

a-n

10-2

1
an
1
102

2x-3

a-4
3

a-2 d-3 =
b-1

2
5

-3

2
5

-3

a
b

-n

a
b

-n

2
x3
1
3a4
b
a2d3

2-3
5-3

53
23

5
2

a-n
b-n

b
a

73

74

1) 3-2
2) 8-4
3) (-2)-4
4) 2b-4

1)

3-2

1
32

2)

8-4

1
84

3)

(-2)

1
(-2)4
1
(-1)4 24
1
24

-4

=
=
4)

2b-4

2
b4

a , b , c

1) (2b)-4
2) a2 b-3
3) 3a-2 b-4
4) (5abc)-4
5) (-3a-2)-3

1)

(2b)-4

=
=
=

1 4
(2b)
1
(24b4)
1
16b4

2)

a2 b-3

a2
b3

3)

3a-2 b-4

3
a2b4

4)

(5abc)-4

1
(5abc)4

1
5 a b c

1
625a4 b4 c4
1
(-3a-2)3
1
(-3)3 a-2 3
1
-27a-6
a6
-27
a6
27

5)

(-3a-2)-3

=
=
=
=
=

4 4 4 4

75

76

6
3
1) 5 2 5
5
a15
a10
6
3
5
51) 52

2)

=
=

b12 b3
b15 b4
56+3
52
59
52
59-2
57
(-2)8+6
(-2)4
(-2)14
(-2)4
(-2)14-4
(-2)10

=
=

a15-10
a5

b12+3
b15+4

3)

4)
=
=
=
=

2)

(-2)8 (-2)6
(-2)4

=
=

3)

a15
a10

4)

b12 b3
b15 b4

(-2)8 (-2)6
(-2)4

=
=
=
=

b15
b19
b15-19
b-4
1
b4

1)
3)

1)

2)

3)

a3b2
ab4
p5q8 2
p2q3

a3b2
ab4

x4 y5
x5 y

p5q8
p2q3

2)
4)

x4y5
x5y
a2b4c3 3
ab5c

a3-1 . b2-4

a2 b-2

a2
b2

x4-5 . y5-1
x-1 . y4
y4
x

=
=
=

(p5-2 . q8-3) 2
(p3 . q5)2
p6q10

=
=

77

78

4)

a2b4c3 3
ab5c

=
=
=
=

(a2-1 . b4-5 . c3-1)3

(a . b-1 . c2)3
a3 . b-3 . c6
a3c6
b3

5
1)
3)

1)

2)

8a5
12a2
-8m2n3
-32m3n3

8a5
12a2

-36b3c3
30b4c2

2)
4)

-36b3c3
30b4c2
c4 . b9 . cb4
b8 c10 b

24a5-2
34

2a3
3

-66b3-4 . c3-2
56

-6 b-1c
5

-6c
5b

3)

4)

-8m2n3
-32m3n3

c4 . b9 . cb4
b8 c10 b

-8m2-3 . n3-3
-48

1 -1 0
4m .n

1 m-1
4

1
4m

c4 . b9 . c . b4
b8 . c10 . b

=
=
=
=
=

c4+1 . b9+4
b8+1 . c10
c5 . b13
b9 . c10
b13-9 . c5-10
b4 . c-5
b4
c5

79

80

6
1)

a2
b

-3

-5
3

2)

-2

3)

1
1)

a2
b

-3

=
=
=

2)

--53

-2

=
=

b 3
a2
b3
a2 3
b3
a6
32
-5
2
- 53

a2
b

-3

-5 -2
3

=
=

(-1)2 35

=
=

(1) 3 2
5
9
25

m3 -5 =
n2

n2 5
m3

=
=

m3 -5
n2

n2 5
(-1)105m3 5
n-m15
10
n-m15

=
=

=
=

a2 (-3)
b-3
b3
a6

-5

3)

-m3
n2

=
=

(-1)-2(5)-2
(3)-2
32
(-1)2(5)2
9
(1)25
9
25

5(m3)-5
(-1)
(n2)-5
2 5
(n)
5 (-1) (m3)5
n10(-1) m15
10
n-m15

81

7
2a5 4a2
3a4 9a6

1)
1) 1
2a5
3a4

4a2
9a6

2)

=
=
=
=
=
=

2
2a5
3a4

4a2
9a6

=
=
=
=
=
=

3p2q3 2 9p4q 3
2pq
8pq3

2a5-4 4 a2-6
3
9
-4
2a 4a
3
9
2a 4
3 9a4
2a 9a4
3 4
3a1+4
2
3a5
2

2a5 9a6
3a4 4a2
a5 3a6
a4 2a2
3a5+6
2a4+2
3a11
2a6
3a11-6
2
3a5
2

82

2) 1
3p2q3
2pq

9p4q
8pq3

3- p2-1q3-1
2

3- pq2
2

9- p4-1q1-3
8

9- p3q-2
8

32p2q4 93p9q-6

22
83
32p2q4 83
22
93p9q-6
32p2q4 29q6
22
36p9
32-6 . 29-2 . p2-9 . q4+6

3-4 . 27 . p-7 . q10

27q10
34p7

=
=
=

83

2
3p2q3
2pq

9p4q 3 =
8pq3

3 2p4q6 93p12q3

22p2q2 83p3q9

32p4q6
22p2q2

32 . 29 . p4+3 . q6+9
22 . 36 . p2+12 . q2+3

32 . 29 . p7 . q15
22 . 36 . p14 . q5

32-6 . 29-2 . p7-14 . q15-5

3-4 . 27 . p-7 . q10

27 q10
34 p7

29p3q9
36p12q3

8 (a-b)5 (b-a)2
2

(a-b) (a-b)
2
5-2
(a-b) (b-a)2
(-a+b)
(a-b)
=
(a-b)
(a-b)2 (a-b)
5

2
(a-b)2
(a-b)3 (-1)
(a-b)

=
=
=

(a-b)3 (a-b)2-1
(a-b)3-1
(a-b)2

84

8
1.
215
1)
210
5
11
4)
1110
3
(-2)
7)
(-2)2
5
(-7)
10)
-75
2.
82
1)
85
(-16)2
4)
83
3
100
7)
108
3
(-1)
10)
-15
3.
15
a
1)
a10
2 8
a
b
4)
3 5
ab
8 7
m
n
7)
9 2
mn
2 3 5
a
bc
10)
ab0c

2)
5)
8)
11)

2)
5)
8)
11)

2)
5)
8)
11)

518
513
79
714
(-5)8
(-5)2
(-3)6
-38
94
98
-1213
114
(-81)5
-94
(-3)8
-68
m5
m20
c7d3
c5d0
x4y12
xy15
10s2t5
5s5t

3)
6)
9)
12)

3)
6)
9)
12)

3)
6)
9)
12)

312
312
28
215
(-1)5
(-1)7
-28
(-2)4
273
310
(-625)2
258
-643
325
26
- 5
6
c18
c20
a20b15
a3c5
p8q7
pq10
9m8n6
27m9n0

4.
1)

-3a3
9a

2)

34b5
32b2

4)

(-22c3)3
(-4c5)2

5)

(-3b)4
(-2b)3

7)

(-10m2n5)3
(-5m5t)2

8)

12c5d2
23c0d5

10)

-74a2b 3
73ab2

11)

(-9a8b2)3
(27ab0)2

5.
5 -2
2
1)
2)
8
3
4)

2ab-3
bc-4

7)

2 2
a-3

-27a2
81a4

6)

-3ab0c4
9abc

9)

(-5b8c7)3
(25bc10)2

12)

-3

5)

bx3
x-1y-3

8)

1
x-3

10)

(s t)

11)

13)

2m-1n
m5n-3

14)

5s-2t-3
a2s-3t-2

(3ab)2(2b)3
(-4ab2)4

3)

3a-2
b

6)

2m-3
m2p-2

9)

(a-3b-4)-1

12)

a-3b-2 -2
a2b-1

15)

4ab-2 2
3a-2b-1c-3

-5

m3 -1
n-2

-3 -4

3)

85

86

6.
1)

a2b3 a8
ab5 b7

2)

2x 4xy
3y

3)

2a2 (4a)2
5 20

4)

b8
c12

5)

256a2 25a2b
28b8 10b3

7)

34mn2
37m2

9)
11)

(9m0n)2
27mn2

(a2b3)3 a2b0c3
(a2b0c)2 (abc)4
(a-1)2 (a-1)2
(a-4)3 (a-4)5

7.
=
1) ab6
2
2) 12c d
=
3 3
3) -4c d
=
5
4) 35a b
=
6
5) 24x y
=
3 5
6) -18x y
=
7 4
7) 98m n
=
3 4
8) 156m n
=
2
9) 42a b
=
5 8
10) 72m n
=

3
b14

6)

3a2b 6b
8ab3 40a3b0
2

8)

(-3c2d2)2 3c5d4
(-4c3d)3
8c4d2
3 0
(a2b3c0)3 ab4 c3
bc
2m3 m
(3-m)3 (m-3)4

10)
12)

(3b) (............)
(3c) (............)
(2cd2) (............)
(7ab) (............)
(-3x2 y2) (............)
(-9x2 y) (............)
(............) (14m2 n)
(-13m2 n) (............)
(3a2 b) (2ab) (............)
(3mn2)2 (2m3) (............)

8.
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)

(b3)n
(bn)2
anbn-1
(ab)n-1
ak-2 . b2k
ak+1 . (bk-1)2
a3b4 2n
a-2
b3n . b5n
b6n . bn

2)

(a3)n
a . an

4)

b3n c2n+1
(b3c)n

6)
8)

-2

a n ab 2n c
a
b2 c

10)
3n

12)

5a2n-5
25an-4
an+2 . a2n-1
a4n
b2n-4
c4n-1

n+5
cn-1

16n+2 2-3n+1 8n-1

43n-2

87




a, b m, n

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

am . an =
(ab)m =
m
-ab
=
(am)n =
am
=
aon
a
=
a-n
=

()

am+n
ambm
am b 0
m
bmn
a
am-n a 0
1
1 a 0
an

90

-5

1)
6, 7 (a0 = 1, a-n = an
a0 . a2 = 1 . a2
a3 . a0
a0 . a0
a2 . a-5

a2

a3 . 1

a3

1 1

1
a2 . a5
1
a3
a-3
1 . a5
a2
a3

=
=
-2

a-2 . a5

=
=

-2

-5

a-2 . a-5 =
=
=

1
1 .2
a a5
1
a7
a-7

1 (am . an = am+n)
a0 . a2
a3 . a0
a0 . a0
a2 . a-5

a-2 . a5

a0+2

a2

a3+0

a3

a0+0

a0 = 1

a2+(-5)

a2-5

a-3

a-2+5

a3

a-2 . a-5 =

a(-2)+(-5)

a-2-5

a-7

am . an = am+n a

a

91

0 m n

0 m, n
am . an = am+n

m
n
0

1)
6, 7 (a0 = 1, a-n = an
a0
a0 a4 = a4
1
= a4

a4
a0
a4
1

a4

a4 a0 =

a0
a0
-11

a0 a0 =

am = am-n
5 an
a0 a4 =
=
=

a0-4
a-4
1
a4

a4 a0 =

a4-0

a0 a0 =

a4

a0-0

a0

92

m
n
3

-5

1)
6, 7 (a0 = 1, a-n = an
a3
a3 a-5 = a-5
= a3 . a5
=

-5

-5

-3

a8

am = am-n
5 an
a3
a3 a-5 = a-5
= a3-(-5)
=

a-5
a3
1
=5
a . a3
1
= a8

a-5 a3 =

a-5
a-3
a3
a5
1
a2

a-5 a-3 =

a-5 a3 =

a-5 a-3 =
=
=

a8
a-5-3

a-8

1
a8
a(-5)-(-3)

a-5+3

a-2

1
a2

93

am = am-n a 0 m n
an

0 m, n
am = am-n
an

am = am-n a 0 m = 0 n
an

ao
an

a0-n

ao
an

1
an

a-n

1
an

a-n

0 n
1
a-n = an

94

(5-3)4 (54)-3
1
(5-3)4 = 5-3 5-3 5-3 5-3
(54)-3 = (54)3
1= 5(-3) + (-3) + (-3) + (-3)
= 4
5 54 54
1
= 54 (-3)
= 4+4+4
5
(-3) 4
1
= 5
= 512
= 5-12
= 54 (-3)
(5-3)4 = 5(-3) 4 (54)-3 = 54 (-3)

0 m, n
(am)n = amn

(a 0, b 0)
1
(ab)-3 = (ab)3 = (ab) (ab) (ab)
(ab)3
1= a.a.a.b.b.b
= (ab) (ab) (ab)
1= a3 b3
= . b . b.b
a .a .a1 (ab)3 = a3 b3
= 3
a b3
1
1 = 3
a b3
-3
(ab) = a-3 b-3

95

(ab)3 = a3 b3 (ab)-3 = a-3 b-3

a 0, b 0 n
(ab)n = an bn
a, b
m, n
1.

am . an

am+n

2.

(ab)m
m
-ab
(am)n
am
an

ambm
am b 0
bm
amn

am-n a 0

3.
4.
5.

()

1
1)

1 4 25 253
10

()
(-101 )

1)

25 253

2)

(-145 ) (-4925) (-3528 )

1 ) 2 (5 )
( 25
-3

1- 25 56
4
2 54
25-4 56-4

2 52

50

-2

2 3

96

2)

(-145 ) (-4925) (-3528 )

-3

-2

2 2
2

2
4
2 2
3

3
4
2
4
5 - 7 7 2
73 23 54 72 52
6
4
53 7 2
75 23 56

(-145 ) (-57 ) (-2835 )

5 ) 7 (7 2
(72 5 7 5)
3

=
=
=
=

53-6 76-5 24-3

5-3 7 2
14
53
14
125

=
=
=
=

5(-35)
(-3)
1) (-34)(-3)4
5(-35)
(-3)
1) (-34)(-3)4

2)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

-41

(0.0625)

(2-12 )

5
5
{(-1)
3} {(-1) 3 }
{(-1) 34}{(-1) 3}4
5 35 (-1) 35
(-1)
(-1) 34 (-1)4 34
5+5 (-1)
(-1)
3
(-1) 34+4 (1)
10
3(-1)38
10-8
3(-1)
2
3(-1)
-9

(1.6)-3

97

2)

-14

(0.0625)

5
16 -3
2-12 (1.6)-3 = {(0.5)4}4 (2.5)5 10
1
5
4 - 25
4
-1 -3
= (0.5) 4 10 (2 10 )
5
= -12 -52 (24 2-1 5-1)-3

( )

( )

( )

()

2-1 (55 2-5) (2-12 23 53)

2-1-5-12+3 55+3

2-15 58
58
215

3 a, b, c 0 p, q, r 0
1)

1)

35a4b4c5 2
38a4b-4c0

-1

35a4b4c5 2
38a4b-4c0

-1

{(
{(

)}
)}

2)
=
=
=
=

2)

-3q-4 r-5)2 (5p2q0)0 -1

(p
(p-2)-1(q4)-2(r-3)-2

-3q-4 r-5)2 (5p2q0)0 -1

(p
(p-2)-1(q4)-2(r-3)-2

(35-8 . a4-4 . b4+4 . c5)2

(3-3 . a0 . b8 . c5)-2

36 . a0 . b-16 . c-10
6
3b16c10

-6q-8r-10(1) -1
p
p2q-8r6
(p-6-2 . q-8+8 . r-10-6)-1

(p-8 . q0 . r-16)-1

p8r16

(-1)

98

4
1)

1)

2n
(100)
(40)n-3 643n
2n
(100)
(40)n-3 643n

3 (729)n+2
(27)
2) (2187)2n 31-5n
2 52)2n
(2
= (23 5)n-3 (26)3n
4n
24n 5
= 23n-9 5n-3 218n
4n
4n
2 5
= 23n-9+18n 5n-3
4n
24n 5
= 221n-9 5 n-3

24n - (21n-9) 54n - (n-3)

24n -21n+9 54n - n+3

2-17n + 9 53n + 3

=
3 (729)n+2
(27)
2) (2187)2n 31-5n

=
=

3n+3
29 5
217n

3)3 (36)n+2
(3(37)2n 31-5n
9
6n+12
3
3314n 31-5n

39 + (6n + 12) - 14n - (1-5n)

39 + 6n + 12 - 14n - 1+5n

320 - 3n

99

5 1) 5m = y 5m + 2 ( y)
3
-5
16 8
- = 2m m
2) -2
64

5m + 2

1)

5m 52

5m = y
1

5m + 2

y 52

5m + 2

25y

5m + 2 25y

3
-5
16 8
64-2

2)

4)3 (23)-5
(2(26)-2

-15
2
2122-12

212 - 15 + 12

29

3
-5
16 8
- =
64-2

2m

2m

m 9

29

100

6
-2 -1
{(3c
6d)
}
1) -1
d -2
(c-2)-1 - 2

-2(m-n)7 -1
(3m
-3n)2) - m n
4(m-n)4 - 5(m-n)4

-2 -1
{(3c
6d)
}
1) -1
d -2
(c-2)-1 - 2

-2 -1
{3(c
2d)}
[]-

( )

( )

=
=
=
=

2)

-2(m-n)7 -1
(3m
-3n)4(m-n)4 - 5(m-n)4

=
=
=
=
=

d2
c2 - 2-2
-2(c - 2d)-2}-1
{3c2 - 22d2
2
32(c-2d)
(c2 - 4d2)
9(c- 2d)(c
-2d)
(c -2d)(c
+2d)
9(c
-2d)
(c + 2d)

-2(m-n)7 -1
{3(m-n)}
(m-n)4(4-5)

[
{
{
{
{

]
}

-2(m-n)7 -1
3-2(m-n)
(m-n)4 (-1)

-2+7 -1
(m-n)
32(m-n)4(-1)

}
}

5 -1
(m-n)
9(m-n)4(-1)

5-4 -1
(m-n)
-9

=
=
=
=

7
1+2n
31+4n
+992n+1 + 34n+1

-1
(m-n)
-9
-1
(m-n)
(-9)-1
-9(m-n)
9-(m-n)

101

{ }

1+2n
31+4n
+992n+1 + 34n+1

2)1+2n
3 .34n+(3(32)2n+1 + 34n . 3

3 .34n
+32+4n
34n+2 + 34n . 3

. 34n + 32 . 34n
334n . 32 + 34n . 3

34n(3+32)
34n(32 + 3)

3+9
9+3

12
12

102

9
1.

2.

3.

1) {(-x2)3}-1
2)
3) (-c)-1(-5c5)2
4)
5) (-5a7)(3a-2)(4a10)
6)
7) {(-3)5}-1{(-3)2}2{(-3)4}-2
8)
9) (9x)-1(33-4x)2(272+x)-1
10)

-(-5m-3n2)3
(-4a2)-3{(2a3)-1}2
6ab-1(-8a2b3)4
(2m)-2(3-m)3(62)m-n
(0.9)4n(0.8)-3n(0.72)2n

1) a(a2 - a-1b2)
2)
3) -5y-1(3y2 - 2y)
4)
5) 6c2(2c2 - -13 c-2 + 2)
6)
7) (6k3)(-4kt) -3k2t(-3k2) -k4t
8)
9) (5x)(-2x2y2) - (-3xy)(7x2y) - 6x3y2

m3 (m2 - 3m-3)
(a - b)2 - (b - a)2
5a4(2b2)2 + (2a-2b-2)-2
(-23m-3)-1(-2-1n-1)-3 -10(mn)3
10) 2(am + bm)2 - 4(ab)m

2)-2
(xy1) 2)
x3y-5
-1)-2
(2aa3 -3

3) 4)
b
b3
p-1 -1 2r3 -5 -1
5) 6)
r2
2p4
3a4 2 + b-2 -2
7) 8)
b-2
a4
1
-2 -1
-6 --2
(ab)
b
9) - -10)
b
a4

5b)-1 2
(aab-3
b5 2 2c3 -3
c-2
b-2
-3 -1
(mn)
1 2
m4n2
m5n-3
y2 -3
2-1x3 2 + -(y-2)3
x-1
5 -1 2
cd
c-2d 2 -1
+
3c-2
2c-9

()

( ) {( ) }
() ()
{ } ( )

{ }
() ()
{ } {( )}
{ } ( )
{( ) } {( ) }

4.

1)
3)

-3a-2) 2
(2(22)-1a4b3

-2 2 -5
32a-3bc
2) 4
-2
-3
3 a b c4

-2
a-1b-2c-3(a2)-1(b3)-2(c4)-2

55
-2 -1
2-4 3
2-2 9
4)
3 24
82 316

{
{

( )
( ) ( )

4
-3
27 81
9105) 35 243-5

7m9b)-1(57m-2b-1)2
(56) 515m0b-4

n-5
2n
64 16
7) 325-n 128n+1

8)

9)
5.

103

5 - 4n)2
-5
(4m
(m5 - n)3(2m5 - 2n)4

2a)b-1(d2a)b-1
(c(cd)2ab

-2

-3

-1

-3

--1

3 9 2 (a-b) 2 2 2
2710) 1 1
(2-3)-2 18 (a-b)-2

c-1+d-1
1) c-1d-1
.- 523m-2
6 .23m
3) 23m - 23m-1

2) (b-1 + c-1)-1

1- - 15) m-n
n-m
1-b
b -1

1-x
a1-x
- a6) x
-a1-x

2)3 + 102
(10
7) 106 (102 + 50)
3
3
p + -17
7 + -1p
9) -3 -3
1
p + -7
p + -17

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

3n+1
2n+1 n
m+m4) m2n+1 + mn+1

x
--

1
--

m
m-1) + (5m+2)
(4 5 + 5
8) 2 5m - 6 5m-2

10) a = cn+ c-n b = cn- c-n

(a - b)2

104

A 10n
( 1 A

< 10 n )

A 10n 1
n
A 10n ( 1

2 1020
1.8 1035
9 108
A 10n ( 1

3 10-8
9 10-12
7.1 10-5

A < 10

A < 10 n )

A < 10 n )

A 10n 1 A < 10 n

1. A

10n

1 A < 10

200,000

=
=

2 100,000
2 105

45,800,000

=
=
=
=

458 100,000
4.58 100 100,000
4.58 102 105
4.58 107

945,200,000,000

1,000,000,000
1,000,000,000
3,000,000,000,000
3,000,000,000,000

= 9,452 100,000,000
= 9.452 1,000 108
= 9.452 103 108
= 9.452 1011
1
= 109
3
= 3 1012

2. A 10n
n

0.0006

0.000048

105

6 0.0001

16 10,000

=
=

1
6104
6 10-4

48 0.000001

148 1,000,000

1
4.8 10 106
1
4.8 105
4.8 10-5

=
=

1 A < 10

106

0.000000000094

94 0.000000000001

194 1,000,000,000,000

19.4 10 1012
9.4 10-11

1 A 10n

2)
4)

1 A < 10 n

625 104
9,000,000 10-2

1)
3)

45,000
864,000 106

1)

45,000

=
=
=

45 1,000
4.5 10 103
4.5 104

2)

625 104

=
=
=

6.25 100 104

6.25 102 104
6.25 106

3)

864,000 106

=
=
=
=
=

864 1,000 106

864 103 106
8.64 100 103 + 6
8.64 102 109
8.64 1011

4)

9,000,000 10-2

=
=
=

9 1,000,000 10-2
9 106 10-2
9 104

2 A 10n

107

1 A < 10 n

1)
3)

0.00027
0.0000045 10-3

2)

0.000000086
4) 0.000000000938 10-10

1)

0.00027

27 0.00001

12.7 10 100,000
12.7 10,000
2.7 10-4

=
=
2)

0.000000086

=
=
=
=
=

3)

0.0000045 10-3

86 0.000000001
18.6 10 1,000,000,000
18.6 100,000,000
1
8.6 108
8.6 10-8

45 0.0000001 10-3
1 - 10-3
4.5 10 10,000,000
1 - 10-3
4.5 1,000,000

4.5 10-6 10-3

4.5 10-9

=
=

108

4)

0.000000000938 10-10

938 0.000000000001 10-10

19.38 100 - 10-10
1,000,000,000,000
19.38 - 10-10
10,000,000,000

9.38 10-10 10-10

9.38 10-20

=
=

3 A 10n

1)

8.05 108

2)

4.021 1015

3)

9.5 10-5

4)

3.02 10-9

1)

8.05 108

1
805 100 100,000,000

805 1,000,000

805,000,000

1 1015
4,021 1,000

4,021 1015-3

4,021,000,000,000,000

=
=

1
9.5 105
19.5 100,000

0.000095

2)

3)

4.021 1015

9.5 10-5

4)

3.02 10-9

=
=
=

109

1
3.02 109
13.02 1,000,000,000
0.00000000302

4 A 10n

1 A < 10

1)

0.0058 0.18
234,000
1,000
3) (5,000)2

1)

2)

(6.3 103) (2.8 104)2

4)

(8 106) + (5 107) - (4 106)

0.0058 0.18

=
=
=
=
=
=

2)

(6.3 103) (2.8 104)2

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

1- 18 1
58 10,000
100
158 18 4
10 102
1
1,044 106
1
1.044 103 106-6
3
1.044 10 10
1.044 10-3

42

(-1063 10 ) (-1028 10 )

(63 102) (28 103)2

(63 102) (282 106)
63 102 784 106
49,392 108
4.9392 104 108
4.9 1012

110

1,000
234,000
3) (5,000)2

=
=
=
=

5
3
2.34
10 10
(5 103)2
8
2.34
10
52 106
2
2.34
25- 10
0.0936 102

=
4)

9.36

(8 106) + (5 107) - (4 106)

=

(8 106) + (5 10 106) - (4 106)

106 (8 + 50 - 4)

106 (54)

5.4 10 106

5.4 107

111

10
1. A 10n
1) 950
3) 50,000,000
5) 45.38
7) 54,000 102
9) 80,000
2. A 10n
1) 0.094
3) 0.0000009
5) 0.0084 102
7) 0.00036 10-3
9) 0.0000005 10-21

1 A < 10 n

2)
4)
6)
8)
10)

380,000
2,504,000,000
321,000 1020
0.00095 1015
6,000,000

1 A < 10 n

2)
4)
6)
8)
10)

0.00001
0.000000345
0.0005 10-8
0.00000081 1015
0.006 10-5

3. A 10n 1 A < 10 n
1) (5 102) (3 103)
2) (8 105) (9 1010)
3) (2 108) (3.2 102)
4) (1.5 102) (2.5 105)
5) (9 108) - (3 108)
6) (16 106) + (4 106)
7) (5.4 105) (6 103)
8) (3.6 106)2 (9 106)3
9) (4 10-2)3 (16 10-5)2 10) (8 10-3) - (6 10-4) + (1.3 10-3)

112

4. A 10n 1 A < 10 n
1) 80
2) 125
3) 65
4) 145
5) 72
6) 100
7)
8)
5. c = 27 10-6 d = 9 10-8
1) c + d
3) cd
5) c2 - d2
7)
d

2) c - d
4) -cd
6) c2d
8)
3c

6.
7
7.5
10
1) 1.5 10-8

8 2
10 )
(1.3
2) (102)-3

2
10
342,000
3) (0.000 6 10-3)2

6
3
(4.8
10 ) 4 10
4) (8 105)-1

-8
0.000256
10
5) 16,000 10-5

2 (0.009)
(40,000)
6) (600,000) (0.0006)2

3
(0.421)
5.26
7) (4.69)2 0.0701

392 51.6
8) 0.0802 4,920

3
2
(2 10 ) - (3 10 )
9) (8 10-5) - (9 10-6)

-3
-2
(2.4
10 ) (1.5 10 )
10) (1.6 10-6)(5.0 100)

113

1.


108
103

1 1.497
2.998

1.497 108
2.998 103 /

=
8
1.497
10
-3

2.998 10

0.4993 105

4.993 104

4.993 104

114

2 26
186,000 /

186,000

1.86 105

26

2.6 10

2.6 10 365 24

2.6 10 3.65 102 2.4 10

2.6 3.65 2.4 104

2.6 3.65 2.4 104 3,600

2.6 3.65 2.4 104 3.6 103

2.6 3.65 2.4 3.6 107

8.1994 108

8.1994 108 1.86 105

1.525 1014

115

3 513,120
.. 2544 62.4
1

105

5.1312

.. 2544

6.24 107

7
6.24
10
1 /
5.1312 105
122
/

4
1)

2)

6m

x
x

2m

x
2m

x
x

2m
x
8m

4m

1)

x
xx

2)

1, 2 3

1
= x x
= x2

x
xx
2
= x 3x

= 3x2

x
x 3
= x 5x

= 5x2

x2+3x2+5x2 = 9x2
6m
2m

116

2m

4m

8m

2m

=
=
=
2
=
=
=
=
=

2m 6m 4m
48m3

2m 8m 4m
64m3

48m3 + 64m3
112m3

117

11
1.

1) 0.0000000000001

2) 330,000 6 1024

3) 0.004

4) 3.8 105
300,000 /

5) (V) = -43 r3 ( 3.14)

6,300,000 5.97 1024
1
6) 1.39 106 3.48 103

7) 1.67 10-24 9.11 10-28

8) 1 (AU)
1.50 1011 (ly)
9.46 1015 1 ly AU
9) 5.791 107
1.427 109
( 1 AU 1.50 1011 )

118

10) 1 Ag
1.118 10-3 1.000
15 1

Ag
AgNo3

11) 60 .
2.4 1010 ./ nanoseconds
(ns = 10-9 )
12) 5 ns
( 11
ns) 2.4 1010 ./

13) E = mc2 m c
2.99 108 / E (J)
100
(1 3.6 106 J)
14) 1.99 1030 5.97 1024
6.96 108 6.38 106

4 ( = -)

15) I-131 8
I-131 2.5
24 I-131

119

D
C

16) A, B, C D B D
A 20

B 9

C 25

D 30

A 10n 1 A < 10
1. B
D
2. A

3. C

4. B
D

120

17) 72 / 3
18) 3 0.02
1
10-6
19)

16 33
1.
2.

121

122

20)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

(2544)
(..)
()

1,919,441

676,581

513,120

331,691

329,751

300,000

236,801

181,041

14,874

5,771

619

206.10
47.80
62.40
78.70
22.70
77.20
5.40
13.10
0.80
0.33
4.10

(2542)

()

2,660
-222
5,950
1,860
7,640
3,990
1,430
1,350
-222
-222
22,640

http://www.prb.org/Content/NavigationMenu/Other_reports/20002002/sheet5.html

A 10n 1 A < 10
1.
2.

3. 1

123

2.
12c

1)

2)

2c
7c
8c

12x
10x

8x

3)

4)

14x

x
8x
28x

3.
1)

2)
x
2p

4x

5x

2x

4p

8x

4p

4)

x
2x

3)
18a

2x
2x
3x
x

3a

124

2.

( )
2x = 23
a

x1

a > 0 a 0
= ax2 x1 = x2
2x = 23
x = 3

x
1) 3x
= 27
3)

16x

1)

3x
3x

x
3

2)

64

1 x
25
(5-2)x
5-2x

-2x
x

x
-2

( )

2)
4)

1 x
25
49x + 3

( )

=
=
=

27
33
3

625

=
=
=
=
=

54
54
4
4
-2
-2

625

74x

3)

16x

64

(24)x

26

24x

26

4x

6
-64
-23
1 -12

49x+3

74x

(72)x+3

74x

72x+6

74x

2x + 6

4x

2x - 4x

-6

-2x

-6
-6
-2
3

1 -12
4)

125

126

2 x

1)

3x(x - 1)

1)

3 x(x - 1)
=
x2- x
3
=

x2 - x
=
x2 - x - 2 =
(x - 2) (x + 1)
=

x-2
=
x
=

x+1
=
x
=
-1 , 2

2)

2)

52x- 3 = 25x+1 125-2x

9
32
2
0
0
0
2
0
-1

52x-3

25x+1 125-2x

52x - 3

(52)x+1 (53)-2x

52x - 3

52x+2 5-6x

52x - 3
2x - 3
2x - 3
2x + 4x
6x
x

=
=
=
=
=
=

52x+2 - 6x
2x + 2 - 6x
2 - 4x
2+3
5
-65

-65

127

12
1. x
1) 4

84x

3) 3x-3

5) 25-2x

1
-15
x+1
-21
1
343

7) (0.5)8 =
9) 49x-1

2) 27x
x
4) -14
6) 812

81

8) 625x

10) 9x-1

32
x
-19
1
25
4x-1
-13

()

()

()
()

2. x
1) 32x-1

33

2) 53+x

51+3x

3) 252x

5x+6

4) 27x+1

92x+5

1 2x-1 =
5) 25
x+3
7) -34
=
x+2
9) -18
=

53x-2

6) 23x-5

( )
()
()

x+1
-43
16x-2 . 82x+1

()

2x

8)

3x

10)

3.
1) 24x

2) 273x =
3) cx

1
16
-13
d

16-3x

(3x)7
c2x+1

x
-14
6-x
-96

()
(-188 ) = ( )
(-271 ) (-19 ) (-13 ) = 3
=

2x

-26

128

4) 125-x =

55x

5) 7-x

10

72x

2m
m-2
8
44. = 27 (-3)m
3-m
m+1
16 32

1 -8 1 9 = 2163n m + n
5. 252m = 125
36

( )

( )

6. 81x+2 = 272x+1 (2x + 1)2 - 8x + 1

129

, .3 011-012. :
.
, 203 2.
: .
, . 101 1
1 2521 (
.. 2533). 15. : ,
2543.
, . 203 3
1 2521 (
.. 2533). 16. : ,
2544.
, . 011
2521 (
.. 2533). 5. : ,
2545.
. .5 3 (Modern Academic Maths).
: .
. . 2. : , 2537.

130

Johnson, L Murphy. College Algebra and Trigonometry with Appliacations.

United states of America : 1988.
Hall G. Moore. College Algebra and Trigonometry. United states of America :
Kendall/Hunt publishing company, 1984.
Mary P. Dolciani, Richard G. Brown, and other. Algebra Structure and Method
Book 1. United states of America : Houghton Mifflin Company, 1981.
http://www. eduzones. com/vichakan/match 1/matlexpo.html ( 2546)
http://www. svb.ac.th/math m1-m3. html ( 2546)
http://ftp.spu.ac.th/pimporn/Log/log1. files/slide 0008.html ( 2546)
http://mc41.20 m.com/adisak1/page/power. html. ( 2546)

132

n
a a
()
x m, n
m
n
-1n

m
n

=
=

nx
-1n m

1
m -n

(x )

x n -1
-1n
1
x = --1
xn
n = 2 2 x x
-1
32
=
3
(2 3 3 )
13
53
=
5
-1 6
-67
7 6
37
3
=
3

-12

1
1)

=
9
=
3

-34
-35
1) 16
2) 32
-34

16

4 -34

()
2

-23

3) (-27)

-34

16

4 -34

2)

32

-15 3
5 -15 3

(32 )
(2 )

=
= 23

2 -12

163

= (24)3
4
= (23)4
4
= 23 23 23 23
= 23
= 8

= 2
= 23
= 8

-35

()
(3 )

-35

32

5
5

323

= (25)3
5
= 215
5
= (23)5
= 23

133

134

3)

-23

(-27)

=
=

-13 2

{(-27) }
{(-3) }

3 -13 2

-23

(-27) =
=

= (-3)2
= 9

( )

2
(27)
3
3 2
{(-3) }

= 3 (-3)6
= 3 (-3)2(-3)2(-3)2
= (-3)2
= 9

2 a b
1
3 8 -4
16ab
-13

1
3 8 -4
16ab
-13
a
-14
1
4 . 3 - -3 . 8

( )

(2 a b )
(2 . a . b )

2 . a3 . b2

8
4 -3

-14

-2

-23 2

2a b
-1 -1 -1

-21 -61 -31

.a .b
42- 2- -5
3. 3. 3

6. 3
. a42b
-32 -23 -53
8 .a .b

8 a b

=
=
=
=

2)--2 - -16 + -23

- -13 - -53
(2.
.
a
b
2
(23)-3
-1 -36 -2
2
.a .b
22 -1
2-1-2 . a2 . b-2
1
-3 . -2 . -2
2 a b
-21
a
23b2

{(x

-2

13
-2 -3

-y )

13
-2 -3

{(x

-y )

} (x + y)

1 -3
1 -2
x y2

-2

} (x + y)

-1

-1

13

( )
( )

1(x+ y)

y2-x2
x2y2

(y-x)(y
+x) 12
2
(x
+ y)
xy

1(x+ y)

(y-x)(x
+y) 12
2
(x
+ y)
xy

y-x
2
x y2

-x+-y
2
x y2

-(x-y)
2
2
xy

(x-y)
-2
2
xy

135

137

1
1.

1) 35
5) (0.2)4
9) 213

2) 104
2
6) -79
10) (0.7)4

()

3
3) -34
3
2
7) -25 -34

()
()()

4
4) -15
8) 26

()

3) (-1)7 -1 4) - -23 5
6) -(1)5 -1 7) (0.1)7
8) -23 8

()
()

2.

1) (-5)4

2) (-15)3

10) (1.7)8

3.

5) -(2)6
6
9) - -13
1) a4

2) b5

3) m2

4) a5b5

5) m3n3

6) x4y4

7) p4q2

8) (-a)4

9) (-a)3

10) (-a)2
6
14) -ab
2) 7a2

( )

13) m2n5
4.

1) 2m3

()

11) (-3)3m3
15) a4b3c2

3) -9m3 -32m3

4) -8a2b3 -23a2b3 (-2)3a2b3

6) -13 s2t3
7) (0.2)p2t
8) m6
10) (ab)5 a5b5

()

5.

12) (-3)2m2

5) 5y2t2
9) 4a6

1) (y-1)2

2) (2a+b)3

3) 203

4) (3a-2b)2

5) (a+b+c)3

6) (3m-2)2

7) (a-b)2

8) (a-1)2(a-2)2

9) (x - 3y)2

10) (b-3)2 (b+5)2

138

1.

1)

10

100,000,000

2)

-2

-32

3)

4)

(-23 )
(- -13 )

8
27
-19

5)

(0.3)

(0.09)

6)

(-0.2)

(0.0016)

7)

(2 5)

1,000

8)

(2 -13)

5-49

9)

(0.3)

(0.00006561)

10)

(- -45)

16
25

11)

-4

-64

12)

a4

13)

5b

125b3

14)

ab

a3b3

15)

a2

a6

16)

a3b2

a15b10

( )
()

( )
( )

139

2.
2.1

2.2

2.3

1) 8

2) -8

3) -8

4) 81

5) -81

6) 81

7) 36

8) -36

9) 36

10) 343

11) -343

12) -343

13) 100,000

14) -100,000

15) -100,000 16) 144

17) -144

18) 144

16
1) 81
27
5) -125
1
9) 36
81
13) 16
7
17) -27

16
2) - 3
27
6) -125
1
10) 32
81
14) -16
343
18) -27

(
(
(
(
(

)
)

(
(
(
(
(

)
)

(
(
(
(

)
)

27
4) 125
8) --61
1
12) -32
343
16) 27

(
(
(
(

)
)

1) (0.04)

2) (-0.04)

5) (-0.064)

6) (-0.064)

9) (0.0625)

16
3) 81
1
7) 36
1
11) -32
81
15) 16

3) (0.04)

4) (0.064)

7) (0.0625)

8) (-0.0625)

10) (0.00001) 11) (-0.00001) 12) (-0.00001)

13) (1.44)

14) (-1.44)

17) -32.768

18) -32.768

15) (1.44)

16) 32.768

140
3.

4.

1) > ()

2) < ()

3) < ()

4) > ()

5) < ()

6) < ()

7) > ()

8) < ()

9) < ()

10) < ()

1) 52, 25, 72, 34

2) (-5)3, (-2)5, (-3)2, (-4)2

3
5
4
2
3) --13 , -13 , --13 , -13
2
2
5) 1-23 , (1.5)3, - 2 -13 , (-2.4)2

4) (-0.5)3, (0.2)6, (0.3)4, (-0.4)2

( ) () ( ) ()
( )
( )

3
1.

1) 52

2) 122

3) 27

4) 172

5) 73

6) 103

7) 36

8) 113

9) 502
2.

11) 74 492

12) 2502

1) (-3)3 -33 2) -72

3) (-2)7 -27 4) (-7)3 -73

4
5) (-10)3-103 6) -252 -54 7) -93 -36 8) -7 - 492
9) -37

3.

10) 55

10) -38

11) -104

12) (-30)3 -303

1) (0.9)2

2) (0.1)3

3) (0.5)2

4) (1.3)2

5) (0.2)5

6) (0.025)2

7) (0.5)3

8) (1.1)3

11) (-0.2)3

12) (-0.5)5

9) -(1.2)2

10) (0.2)4

4.

2
2
2
2
6
1) -23 -23 2) -57 --57 3) -12

()

5)

() () ( )
(-32 ) (-34 ) 6) (--32 )
- ( -35 ) (- -35 )
(--59) - (-59)
4
8

2
3

9)

11)

()
- (-34 )

141

3
4) -35

()

3
1
- -34 8) -26
34 - -3 4
10) - 4
28
132
13 2 - 12) - 15
152

7)

( )

( )
()

( )

( )

4
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1)
5)
9)
1)
5)
9)
1)
5)
9)
1)
5)
9)
1)
5)

43
-1
0.336
144
33
3 23
2b
7x
-7k
4a3
12a3b4
5x4y5z6
5a3 - b
5(m+2n)5

2)
6)
10)
2)
6)
10)
2)
6)
10)
2)
6)
10)
2)
6)

13
1,247
-10.4537
100
-17
108
5c
6y
3x2
3t2
2c2d2
4a2b3c4
5x4 + 4
6(x2+y)3

3) 689
7) 122

4) -26
8) 0.159936

3) 1
7) -1

4) 18
8) 85

3) 3m
7) 16d

4) 0
8) -2t

3) -b4
7) 17b3 - 6c4

4) -3y8
8) 17 - 3c5

3) 2c9- 6d8
7) 5(a+b+c)5

4) 5a8b + 1
8) 8(a+2b)2

142

5
1.

1) 25

2) 79

3) 35

4) 114

5) 510

6) 1110

7) 216

8) 36 25

9) 56 75
2.

3.

1) 56

2) 127

3) 310

4) 36

5) 217

6) 38

7) (-2)8 28

8) 112 1

1) (0.1)4

2) (1.2)5

3) (0.05)5

4) (4.3)10

7
7) -23

7
3
8) -12 -23

3) 76

5
4) - -13

5) (0.2)10
8
9) -15

()

4.

10) 133 109

1) 1

6
6) -12
8
10) -78

()
()

2) -24

()

4
4
6
6
5) - -25 -25 6) - -23 -23 7) (-0.1)3

( ) ()

9) (1.3)5
5.

( )

8) (-0.2)7

10) (-1)22 1

1) p5

2) b9

3) a14

4) m7

5) (-a)6 a6

6) (2x)3

7) 2b8

8) a5

9) -m10
6.

( ) ()

()()

10) (-m)10 m10

1) a3b3

2) p5q8

3) m4n6

4) x8y5

5) a3b2c4

6) (-a)7b

7) a3b3

8) (-a)2(-b2)c2

9) c3d4

10) 6p12

7.

1) (2x)2

2) 30a3

3) 12p7

4) (-3)c7d3

5) (-8)a5

6) (-36)a5

7) 24a4b8c2

8) m4n4

9) 6 a5b5
8.

10) 22 53 (-m)8 22 53 m8

1) (a+1)5

2) (2x-1)9

3) (a+b)18

4) (1-m)6

5) (2m+3)7

6) (7a-b)5

7) (a+b-c)7

8) 6a5-15a3

9) -6c5 + 8c4 - 2c3

9.

10.

143

10) 16a2b + 6ab2

1) 5x+1

2) an+1

3) p3n

4) 23n

5) y6n

6) 34m

7) 45n+5

8) 96m+1

9) a6-5n

10) x9m+3

1) 2

2) -2

3) 5

4) 3

5) -1

6) 2

7) -4

8) 6

6
1.

1) 216

2) 64

3) 225

4) 2,916

5) a4b4

6) x6y6

7) a3b3c3

8) c10d10

9) m15n15
2.

10) x4y4z4

1) 8b3

2) 81a4b4

3) 25c2d2

4) (0.09)m2

1 22
5) 25 p q

6) -2.744b3

8 33
7) -27 c d

8) 625m4n4

( )

9) 2.25x2y2z2

10) (0.008)x3y3z3

( )

144
3.

1) 24s4t4

2) -18,000 a5b5

3) 3,136 x2y5

4) 243 m5n7

6) 64 b4c4
25 8 8
10) - 256 p q

7) -32 b3c8d8

8) 1.69 a14b14

1) 36x3 + 36x2 + 9x 2) 2(a+3)5

3) 12(1-4b)5

4) 16(1-c)4

5) -27(3a-b)21

7) (p+1)13

8) 81(c-d)12

5) m5
9) -2,187 m5n7
4.

9) 25(a+b+c)8

( )

6) -8(m+n)18
10) (2m-n)10

7
1.

2.

1) 4,096

2) 15,625

5) 4,096

6) 4,096

9) 2,401

10) 2,401

1) p16

2) p15q20

4) -49
7) (-3)15
8) (-3)15
1
11) 0.000729
12) 64
3) (-x)12 x12 4) - c20
3) 315

5) (-b)21 -b21 6) m20 (-m)20 7) a24

9) b20
3.

5) 9a4

10) a10b15
2) -14 c2
6) 49m12

11) 0.000729
3) -91 c2d2
7) 16m12

9) 16y12

10) 2c12

11) 65,536 b40

14) (-b)2n

15) p12nq12m

1) 25a2

13) a6n

()

()

()

8) c30
1
12) 64
16 m4
4) 81

( )

8) b8
12) -4,096d30

4.

1) -8b6c15

2) -64 m6n18

3) 81 s20t8

5) 36 a3

6) 108 m6n6

7) 1,953,125 a12 8) -27m30n12

9) b90c40
5.

1) 23n32ny9n
5) c8n
9) 126c6d12

6.

7.

4) - c20d5

10) 256 a54

c7n
2) 53n 24n
6) x4n-10y4n-15

6n 13n
mn- 4) 4n+2p10n+4qn+14
3) 2n
4n+1
7) 3a
8) 7 m8n12

10) 2b5c4

1) -60

2) 3,600

3) 196

4) 13,824

5) 2,601

6) -1

7) 8

8) 5

9) 5

10) 14

1) 328

2) 280

3) 722

4) 541

5) 348

6) 280

7) 22 510

8) (0.3)4

9) (0.5)2
8.

145

10) 317

1) 64

2) 348

3) -21x6y2

4) 4a6b12

5) ( a-b )8

6) -( 1-5a )15

7) a6b6(a-3)3

8) 64c6(c-2)6

24

9) 3

4
23

10) 2

8
1.

1) 25
1
5) 75
9) 1

2) 55
1
6) 27
10) 1

3) 1
7) (-2)
11) - -19

1
4) 115
8) (-5)6 56
12) -24

146
2.

3.

1
1) 83
5) -112
1
9) -27
1) a5
5) c2d3

1
2) 94
1
6) 58
1
10) 15
12) m15
a17b15
6) c5
10) ab3c4

4.

p7
9) q3
a2
1) - 3

5.

81b
5) - 8
22
c
-b9) 5
2
1) -58

-c3
6) 3b
3
343a
10) - b3
3
2) - -32

5) bx4y3

2p2
6) m5
s3 4
10) t

()

9) a3b4

6.

2n4
13) m6
b5
1) a7
2
5) 5b6
4 13
b
a9) c-

2) 9b3

( )
( )

5s
14) a2t
1
2) 6y2
5a4
6) 2b3
10) a4b11c6

3) -13
1
7) 102
1
11) -28
1
3) c2
n5
7) m
2t4
11) s3
1
3) -3a2
15
40n
7) - m4t2
11) -(a22b6)
3
3) a2b
7) (2a3)2

4) -12
8) 312
2
12) - 35
b3
4) a
x3
8) y3
n6
12) 3m
4) - -4c
10
9c8) 4d6
912) 32a2b3
4
2ac
4) b4
1 5
8) x3

()

1
11) 3
m n2
6 6
c
16a
15) 2
9b
3) -21

12) (a5b)2

n2
7) 34
11) (a-4)2

1-c7d3
12) 2m2(3-m)

4)
8)

b5c2

7.

8.

ab5
1) 3
4
-8x
5) y
7
9) ab

147

2) 4cd

3) -2c2d

4) 5a4

6) 2xy4

7) 7m5n3

8) -12 mn3

3) a

4) cn+1

10) 4 n4

1) bn

2) a2n-1

b2
5) a3
1
9) b2n

an
6) 5a
2n-4
b10) c4n+5

7) a10nb8n
a6n
11) c5n

a2
8) a2n
210
12) 22n

1.

2.

1
1) -x6
5) -60a15
9) -1313x
1) a3 - b2

53n6
2) m9
6) 24,576 a9b11
6n
(0.9)
10) -(0.8)n
2) m5 - 3

5) 12c4 + 12c2 - 2 6) (20.25)a4b4

9) 5x3y2

10) 2 (a2m + b2m)

1
7) (-3)9

1
4) 8
2 a12
1
8) 2n
6 3m

3) -15 y + 10

4) 0

7) -16k4t

8) -9m3n3

3) -25c9

148
3.

4.

y
1) x5
r17
5) p19
9) 0
11) 4a12b6
5) 340
9) (m5-n)25

5.

1) c+d
5) 1
3
9) -17 p3

()

b4
2) a12
11
n6) m3
13
10) 14
c d2
10
310a5c2) b5
b
6) 8
5 m13
10) 27a - 27b
bc
2) b+c
6) 1-a

a11
3) 4b6
7) 10a8b4

4) 8b16c13

13) 2
a b8c10
212n
7) 262

1
4) 248
8) c2ad2a

3) 9.5

4) mn

7) 1

13
8) 16 22

9 18
x
y-4
8) 3
4x y6

10) 4c-2n

10
1.

1) 9.5 102

2) 3.8 105

3) 5 107

4) 2.504 109

5) 4.538 10

6) 3.21 1025

7) 5.4 106

8) 9.5 1011

9) 8 104
2.

10) 6 106

1) 9.4 10-2

2) 1 10-5

3) 9 10-7

4) 3.45 10-7

5) 8.4 10-1

6) 5 10-12

7) 3.6 10-7

8) 8.1 108

9) 5 10-28

10) 6 10-8

3.

4.
5.
6.

1)
5)
9)
1)
5)
1)
5)
1)
5)
9)

2) 7.2 1016
1.5 106
6 108
6) 2 107
2.5 103
10) 8.7 10-3
8 107
2) 1.25 1010
7.2 1012
6) 1 1014
2.709 10-5 2) 2.691 10-5
7.29 10-10 6) 6.561 10-17
5 1015
2) 1.69 1022
1.6 10-11
6) 6.67 107
2.394 107 10) 4.5

3) 6.4 1010
7) 9 10
3)
7)
3)
7)
3)
7)

6.5 1010
1 10-8
2.43 10-12
3 10-4
9.5 1019
2.5455 10-1

149

4) 3.75 107
8) 1.8 10-8
4)
8)
4)
8)
4)
8)

1.45 1011
1 10-9
3 102
9 10-3
1.536 1016
5.1262 10

11
1.

1)
5)
9)
13)
16.2)
18)
20.1)
2.
1)
3.
1)

5 10-14
2) 1.98 1030
3) (1.6 10-3) 4) 1.27
6) 3.9943 102 7) 1.83315 103 8) 6.31 104
5.7 103
0.39 9.51 10) 6.0372 10 11) 2.5
12) 120
2.4834 109 14) 3.89
15) 20
16.1) 9.03 109
2 1010
16.3) 2.5 109 16.4) 3 102
17) 12,960
150 19.1) 33 74 79,233 19.2) 33 77 27, 176, 919
5.1863 108 20.2) 12.17
20.3)
54c2
2) 97.12 x2
3) 63 x2
4) 140.14x2
32 p3
2) 104 x3
3) 162 a3
4) 27 x3

150

12

1.

2.

1) -16
5) -14
9) - -12
1) 2
5) -47
1
9) - 13

3.

1) 4,096

4.

-243

5.

6.

17

2) -43
6) -4
10) -12
2) 1

3) 3

6) 1
10) 2
12) -2,187

7) 7

4) - -52
8) - -12

3) 2

4) -7

7) -2

8) -2

3) d2c

1
4) 32

15) 100




3 1-3
2544

11 .. 2545

( )