LAYOUT OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

There are four different systems of distribution which are used. Depending upon their
layout and direction of supply, they are classified as follows:
(i) Dead End or Tree System
(ii) Grid iron System
(iii) ircular or !ing System
(i") !adial System
(i) Dead End or Tree System
Fig. 1 Layout of Dead end syste
The abo"e figure shows the layout of this system. #t is suitable for irregular de"eloped
towns or cities. #n this system one main starts from re$uired reser"oir along the main
road. Sub mains are connected to the main in both the directions along other roads
which meet the main road. Sub mains, branches and minor distributors are connected
to sub mains. They are cheap in initial cost. %hen the pipe brea&s down or is closed for
repair the whole locality beyond the point goes without water. #t cannot meet the fire
demand.
(ii) Grid iron System
This system is also &nown as reticulated system and is most con"enient for towns
ha"ing rectangular layout of roads. This system is an impro"ement of dead end system.
'll the dead ends are interconnected and water circulates freely throughout the system.
(ain line is laid along the main road. Sub mains are ta&en in both the directions along
other minor roads and streets. )rom these sub mains branches are ta&en out and are
inter connected as shown in figure. This system remo"es all the disad"antages of dead
end system
(iii) ircular or !ing System
This system can be adopted only in a well planned locality of cities. #n this system each
locality is di"ided into s$uare or circular bloc&s and the water mains are laid around all
the four sides of the s$uare or round the circle. This system re$uires many "alues and
more pipe length. This system is suitable for towns and cities ha"ing well planned
roads.
(i") !adial System
This system is not adopted in *a&istan, because for this system the roads should be
laid out radial from the center. This system is the re"erse of ring system. The entire
district is di"ided into "arious +ones and one reser"oir is pro"ided for each +one, which
is placed in the center of +one.