Chapter VII

DRUG STUDIES

Problem:Pain
DRUG
NAME
CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM
OF ACTIONS
INDICATION AND
CONTRAINDICATION
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES

GENERIC
NAME:
Ketorolac

BRAND
NAME:
Toradol
DOSAGE
AND
ROUTE:
30mg IV q
8

DATE
ORDERED:
07-14-14

Nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory
agent

Non-opioid
analgesics

Analgesic:
Inhibits
prostaglandin
synthesis,
producing
peripherally
mediated
analgesia

Indications: Short
term management of
pain (not to exceed 5
days total for all
routes combined)

Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity
Cross-sensitivity with
other NSAIDs may
exist
Pre- or perioperative
use


drowsiness,
dizziness,
headache,
nausea,
anaphylaxis

Assess pain (note
type, location, and
intensity) prior to
and 1-2 hr following
administration.

Ketorolac therapy
should always be
given initially by the
IM or IV route. Oral
therapy should be
used only as a
continuation of
parenteral therapy.

Ketorolac therapy
should always be
given initially by the
IM or IV route. Oral
therapy should be
used only as a
continuation of
parenteral therapy.


Problem: Infection
DRUG
NAME
CLASSIFICATIO
N
MECHANISM OF
ACTION
INDICATION AND
CONTRAINDICATIO
N
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIE
S

GENERIC
NAME:
Cefalexin

BRAND
NAME:
Apo-
Cephalex


DOSAGE
AND
ROUTE:
500mg
1tab TID

DATE
ORDERED
:
07-16-14

Antibiotic

Bactericidal: Inhibit
s synthesis of
bacterial cell wall,
causing cell death

Indications:
Skin and skin
structure infections
caused
by staphylococcus,
streptococcus.
Contraindications:
Contraindicated with
allergy to
cephalosporins or
penicillins.



Headache,
dizziness,
lethargy,
paresthesia
s


- Arrange for
culture and
sensitivity tests of
infection before
and during therapy
if infection does not
resolve.
-Give drug with
meals; arrange for
small, frequent
meals if GI
complications
occur.






DRUG
NAME
CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM
OF ACTION
INDICATION AND
CONTRAINDICATION
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES

GENERIC
NAME:

Ranitidine
BRAND
NAME:
Zantac
DOSAGE
AND
ROUTE:
50mg IV x 1
dose

DATE
ORDERED:
07-14-14

Anti-ulcer agents
Histamine H2
antagonists

Inhibits the
action of
histamine at
the H2
receptor site
located
primarily in
gastric
parietal cells,
resulting in
inhibition of
gastric acid
secretion.

Indications:
Treatment and
prevention of
heartburn, acid
indigestion, and sour
stomach.
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity,
Cross-sensitivity may
occur; some oral
liquids contain
alcohol and should be
avoided in patients
with known
intolerance.

Confusion,
dizziness,
drowsiness,
hallucinations,
headache

-Assess patient for
epigastric or
abdominal pain
and frank or occult
blood in the stool,
emesis, or gastric
aspirate.
-Nurse should
know that it may
cause false-
positive results for
urine protein; test
with sulfosalicylic
acid.
-Inform patient
that it may cause
drowsiness or
dizziness.
-Inform patient
that increased
fluid and fiber
intake may
minimize
constipation.
.