3/13/2008

EE105Fall2007 1
Lecture14
OUTLINE
Frequency Response (contd)
CB stage
Emitter follower
EE105Spring2008 Lecture14,Slide1 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
Emitter follower
Cascode stage
Reading: Chapter 11.4-11.6
Notethatthereisnocapacitancebetweeninput&outputnodes
NoMillermultiplicationeffect!
CBStage:PoleFrequencies
Y C
Y p
C R
1
,
=
=
o
r
CB stage with BJT capacitances shown
EE105Spring2008 Lecture14,Slide2 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
T
X
m
S
X p
C
g
R
>

=
1
||
1
,

C C
X
=
CS Y
C C C + =

EmitterFollower
Recallthattheemitterfollowerprovideshighinputimpedance
andlowoutputimpedance,andisusedasavoltagebuffer.
Follower stage with BJT capacitances shown
C
L
is the load capacitance
Circuit for small-signal analysis (A
v
)
=
o
r
EE105Spring2008 Lecture14,Slide3 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
ACAnalysisofEmitterFollower
KCLatnodeX:

v v v
out X
+ =
0
1 1
= + +
+
+
+

C j
v
r
v
C j
v v
R
v v v
out
S
in out
EE105Spring2008 Lecture14,Slide4 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
KCLatoutputnode:

1 ) ( ) (
) ( 1

2
+ +
+

j b j a
j
g
C
v
v
m
in
out
( )
m
L S
m
S
L L
m
S
g
C
r
R
g
C
C R b
C C C C C C
g
R
a

+ + + =
+ + =

1

j j
L
out
m
C j
v
v g
C j
v
r
v

1 1
= + +
3/13/2008
EE105Fall2007 2
Follower:ZeroandPoleFrequencies
Thefollowerhasonezero:

1 ) ( ) (
) ( 1
2
+ +
+

j b j a
j
g
C
v
v
m
in
out
( )
m
L S
m
S
L L
m
S
g
C
r
R
g
C
C R b
C C C C C C
g
R
a

+ + + =
+ + =

1
EE105Spring2008 Lecture14,Slide5 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
Thefollowerhastwopolesatlowerfrequencies:
T
m
z
f
C
g

2 = =

+ = + +
2 1
2
1 1 1 ) ( ) (
p p
j j
j b j a

EmitterFollower:InputCapacitance
Recallthatthevoltagegainofanemitterfolloweris
=
o
r
Follower stage with BJT capacitances shown
m
L
L
v
g
R
R
A
1
+
=
C
XY
canbedecomposedinto
C
X
andC
Y
attheinputand
output nodes respectively:
EE105Spring2008 Lecture14,Slide6 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
L m
in
R g
C
C C
+
+ =
1

( )
L m
v X
R g
C
C A C
+
= =
1
1

L m v
Y
R g
C
C
A
C

=
1
1
outputnodes,respectively:
( )
L in
R r R 1 + + =

EmitterFollower:OutputImpedance
Circuit for small-signal analysis (R
out
) =
o
r
EE105Spring2008 Lecture14,Slide7 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
for low /
1
1 1
1
for high
1 /
S
S S S S S X
out
X
S
j
r R
R r C j r R r R R r C r R v
Z
j i r C j
R
r C

+ +
+ + + +
+ = = =

+ + +
+

+
( )
S m x x
R v g i v v

+ + = ( )

+ =

C j
r v g i v
m X
1
EmitterFollowerasActiveInductor
CASE 1: R
S
< 1/g
m
CASE 2: R
S
> 1/g
m
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
/
1 1
1
1 /
S S S S S X
out
X
j
R r C j r R r R R r C r R v
Z
j i r C j
r C

+
+ + + +
= =

+ + +

+
+
1
1
S
m
R
g

+

+

EE105Spring2008 Lecture14,Slide8 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
Afolloweristypicallyusedtolowerthedrivingimpedance
R
S
>1/g
m
sothattheactiveinductorcharacteristiconthe
rightisusuallyobserved.
capacitive behavior inductive behavior
3/13/2008
EE105Fall2007 3
CascodeStage
Review:
ACEstagehaslargeR
in
butsuffersfromtheMillereffect.
ACBstageisfreefromtheMillereffect,buthassmallR
in
.
AcascodestageprovideshighR
in
withminimalMillereffect.
1
EE105Spring2008 Lecture14,Slide9 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
1
1
2
1 ,

=
m
m
Y
X
XY v
g
g
v
v
A
XY X
C C 2
=
o
r
CascodeStage:PoleFrequencies
( )( )
1 1 1
,
2 ||
1

C C r R
S
X p
+
=
( )
,
1
1

Y p
=
Cascode stage with BJT capacitances shown
(Miller approximation applied)
=
o
r
EE105Spring2008 Lecture14,Slide10 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
( )
1 2 1
2
2
1

C C C
g
CS
m
+ +
( )
2 2
,
1

C C R
CS L
out p
+
=
2
2
2
,
2
T
m
Y p
f
C
g

= Notethat
CascodeStage:I/OImpedances
=
o
r
EE105Spring2008 Lecture14,Slide11 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
( )
1 1
1
2
1
||

C C j
r Z
in
+
=
( )
2 2
1
||
CS
L out
C C j
R Z
+
=

SummaryofCascodeStageBenefits
Acascodestagehashighoutputimpedance,whichis
advantageousfor
achievinghighvoltagegain
useasacurrentsource
Inacascodestage,theMillereffectisreduced,for
EE105Spring2008 Lecture14,Slide12 Prof.Wu,UCBerkeley
g , ,
improvedperformanceathighfrequencies.