Equations sheet for FYS1120

September 26, 2013

Electric elds
Coulombs law
F =
1
4
0
q
1
q
2
r
2
r
E =
1
4
0
q
r
2
r
E =
1
4
0

r
2
r d
Dipoles
= B = p E
= IA p = qd
U
B
= B U
E
= p E
Potential, energy and work
W
ab
= U
a
U
b
U =
q
0
4
0

i
q
i
r
i
V =
U
q
0
=
1
4
0

i
q
i
r
i
V =
1
4
0

dq
r
V
B
V
A
=

B
A
E dl
V = E
Energy density in electromagnetic eld
u =
1
2
(

0
E
2
+
1

0
B
2
)
Energy stored in solenoid and capacitor:
U
B
=
1
2
LI
2
, U
E
=
1
2
Q
2
C
Maxwells equations
In general
E =

S
E dA =
Q
encl

0
B = 0

S
B dA = 0
E =
B
t

L
E dl =
d
B
dt
B =
0
J +
0

0
E
t

L
B dl =
0
(
I
c
+
0
d
E
dt
)
encl
In matter
D =
f

S
D dA = Q
f
enc
B = 0

S
B dA = 0
E =
B
t

L
E dl =
d
dt

S
B dA
H = J
f
+
D
t

L
H dl = I
f
enc
+
d
dt

S
D dA
Denitions
D =
0
E+P
H =
1

0
BM
In linear media
P =
0

e
E D = E
M =
m
H H =
1

B
Lorentz force
F = q v B+q E
1
Magnetism
Flux:
=

B dA
Magnetic force on a conductor:
F = Il B
Faradays law and emf
E =
d
B
dt

E dl =
d
B
dt
All or parts of a closed loop moves in a B eld:
E =

(v B) dl
Biot-Savart law
B(r) =

0
4
qv r
r
2
B(r) =

0
4
I

dl r
r
2
Self inductance & Mutual inductance
L =
N
B
i
, E = L
di
dt
M =
N
2

B2
i
1
=
N
1

B1
i
2
E
2
= M
di
1
dt
E
1
= M
di
2
dt
Continuity of magnetic ux

0
H dA = 0.
over a closed surface.
Capacitor
C =
Q
V
=
0

r
A
d
Capacitors in series:
1/C
eq
= 1/C
1
+ 1/C
2
+...
Capacitors in parallel:
C
eq
= C
1
+C
2
+...
Resistor
R =
V
I
=
L
A
Resistors in series:
R
eq
= R
1
+R
2
+...
Resistors in parallel:
1/R
eq
= 1/R
1
+ 1/R
2
+...
Circuits
Current:
I =
dQ
dt
= n|q|v
d
A
Eect:
P = V I .
Over ohmic resistance:
P = RI
2
=
V
2
R
.
RC circuit
Charging capacitor in RC-circuit:
q = EC
[
1 e
(t/(RC))
]
Decharging capacitor:
q = Q
0
e
(t/(RC))
RL circuit
E L
dI
dt
RI = 0
I =
E
R
[
1 e
t(R/L)
]
Without emf:
L
dI
dt
RI = 0
I = I
m
e
t(R/L)
LC circuit
q
C
= L
dI
dt
(1)
d
2
q
dt
2

q
LC
= 0 (2)
q = Q
m
cos(
0
+) (3)
2
RCL
d
2
q
dt
2
+
R
L
dq
dt
+
1
LC
q = 0 (4)
q = Q
m
e
t/
cos(t +)
Q
m
and are dependent on the initial conditions.
=

1
LC

(
R
2L
)
2
=

2
0

2
Driven RCL
Complex current, voltage, impedance with inductive and
capacitive reactance.

I =
V
m
Z
e
it

V = V
m
e
it
I
rms
=
I
m

2
V
rms
=
V
m

2
We have
L
d
2

I
dt
2
+R
d

I
dt
+

I
C
= iV
m
e
it
Phase dierence
tan =
X
L
X
C
R
Power of RCL

P = RI
2
rms
= V
rms
I
rms
cos
Impedance
Z =

R
2
+ (X
L
X
C
)
2
=

R
2
+ (L
1
C
)
2
X = X
L
X
C
Z = R +jX =
GjB
G
2
+B
2
Z =
V
m
I
m
Reactance
Capacitive
X
C
=
1
C
, B = C
Inductive
X
L
= L, B =
1
L
Admittance
Y =
1
Z
= G+jB =
R jX
R
2
+X
2
Transformers
V 2
V
1
=
N
2
N
1
V
1
I
1
= V
2
I
2
Units
Henry:
H =
m
2
kg
s
2
A
2
=
J
A
2
=
Wb
A
=
V s
A
(5)
=
J/C s
C/s
=
J s
2
C
2
=
m
2
kg
C
2
= s (6)
Ampere:
A =
C
s
Tesla:
T =
V s
m
2
=
N
A m
=
Wb
m
2
=
kg
C s
=
kg
A s
2
1 Constants
Proton mass
m
p
= 1.67 10
27
kg
Proton charge
q
p
= 1e = 1.602 10
19
C
Electron mass
m
e
= 9.11 10
31
kg
Electron charge
q
e
= 1e = 1.602 10
19
C
Electrical permittivity in vacuum

0
= 8.85 10
12
C
2
N
1
m
2
Gravitational constant
G = 6.67 10
11
m
3
kg
1
s
2
Magnetic permeability

0
= 4 10
7
Tm/A
Speed of light
c =
1

0
3