FORMULARIO OFICIAL PARA CERTAMENES DE FIS 140

Constantes
8
c 3 10 [m/ s] = ;
19
e 1,6 10 [C]

9 2 2
c 0
k 1 4 9, 10 [Nm / C ] = =
2
0
e 4 1,44[eV nm] = ;
7 2
0
4 10 [N/ A ]

=
34 15
h 6,6 10 [J s] 4,1 10 [eV s]

= =
= h c 1240 [eV nm] ; h/ 2 =
23 1
A
N 6,0 10 [mol ]

=
23
B
k 1,38 10 [J/ K]

= = 1/ 12000[eV / K]
19
1[eV] 1,6 10 [J]

=
[ ]
27 2
1 u 1,66 10 [kg] 931,5 MeV / c

= = (


f

=
15
1[ m] 10 [m]
[ ] [ ] , [ / ]
10
1Curie 1Ci 3 7 10 desintegraciones s = =
Fsica clsica

neta
dp
F
dt
=

; p mv =

;
2
c
v
a
R
=
= =
2
2
p 1
K mv
2 2m
; E K U = +

( )
= +

F q E v B
Ecuaciones de Maxwell
=

0
E dA Q/

; B dA 0 =

B
d
E ds
dt
=

;
0 0 0 E
d
B ds I
dt
= +

E
E d A =

;
B
B d A =

=
2
E
w E / 2 =
2
B 0
w B / 2
Onda electromagntica

2 2
y y
2 2 2
E E
1
x v t

=



2 2
z z
2 2 2
B B
1
x v t

=

;
1
v =

=
y 0
E (x, t) E cos(kx t)
=
z 0
B (x, t) B cos(kx t)
0 0
B E / v = ; n c / v =
= = kv v f , = 2 f , k 2 / =
2
E B
1
E
2
w w = = ,
EB E B
w w w = +
2
EB 0
1
S v E
2
I v w = = = ; S Potenci a/ Area =
= Energia : E S A t ;
= E c Momentum: p


ptica Geomtrica
n c / v =
;
=
1 1 2 2
n n

=
1 1 2 2
n sen n sen
;
=
r 1


1 1 1
s s'
+ =

f = R/ 2 : espej os
( )
f
=
| |
|
\
1 2
1 1 1
n 1 : l entes
R R








ptica Ondulatoria
Dos fuentes en fase:

=
| |
\
2
0
I I cos
2
; = k dsen
( )

=
+

m : mxi mos
dsen
1
m : m ni mos
2

sen + sen = 2 sen [( +)/2] cos [( )/2]
Interferencia N rendijas:

| |
|
\
2
0
sen N / 2
I I
sen / 2
; = k dsen
Difraccin una rendija :

| |
\
2
0
sen / 2
I I
/ 2

kasen = ; = asen m : mni mos.
Red de difraccin: = dsen m : mxi mos.
Polarizacin: =
2
0
I I cos
Resolucin: = Dsen 1,22
k

0
S ExB/ =


2 1
2
mgh
U kx
q V

i

E L
Adelante
Atrs +

+

n
d
x 0
n
d
x 0

Relatividad especial
( ) x' x vt = ; y' y = ; z' z =

( )
2
t ' t vx / c = ;
2
1
1 (v / c)
=

x
x 2
x
u v
u'
1 u v / c

=

;
( )
y
y
2
x
u
u'
1 u v / c
=



( )
z
z
2
x
u
u'
1 u v / c
=

;
0
L
L =

;
0
=
Dinmica de una partcula:
=
dp
F
dt
; = p mu ; =
2
0
E mc
= = +
2
0
E mc E K ; ( ) = +
2
2 2
0
E E pc
Cuntica
B
h
p
= ; E h = ; = =
2
2
p 1
K mv
2 2m

4
I eT = ,
8 2 4
5,67 10 [W/ m K ]

=
[ ]

=
3
m
T 3 10 m K : Cuerpo Negro
mx. 0
h K = + : E. Fotoelctrico
( ) =
C
1 cos ' : E. Compton
[ ]

= =
12
C
2, 4 10 m : el ect ron
h
mc

2dsen m = : Difraccin de rayos X
x
x p h 4 : P. Incertidumbre
( )
2
2
U r,t i .
2m t
(
+ =
(

( ) ( )
iEt /
x,t x e

=


1dimensin:

+ =

2 2
2
d
U E
2m
dx

2 i kx
' ' k 0 e

+ = =

= =
2 x
' ' 0 e
Valor medio: =

2
f f(x) (x) dx
Pozo infinito
U(x) 0, 0 x L = < < ; = (x) Asenkx
n
k n / L = ;
2 2
2
n 2
E n
2mL

tomos hidrogenoides

2
2
dP (r, , ) r sen drd d =
2
n 2
Z
E 13,6[eV]
n
=
( ) L 1 , 1 = + =
z
L m , m 0, 1 = =


Energa magntica: =

B
E B
=

e
L
2m





Configuracin electrnica

2
2 6
2 6 1 0
2 6 1 0 1 4
2
1 s
2 s 2 p
3 s 3 p 3 d
4 s 4 p 4 d 4 f
5 s

Molculas
( ) = + =

2
rot.
E J J 1 ; J 1
2I
,

vi b.
1
E h ; 1
2
| |
= + =
|
\

Nuclear
= +
A
Z N
X , A Z N ; [ ]
1/ 3
Radi o 1,2 A m = f
Decaimiento
t
0
N(t) N e

= ;
t / T
0
N(t) N 2

=
( ) = T 2 ln ; = =
dN
R N
dt

4
2
: He , : e

+
Energa de ligazn
( )
b
E
( ) ( )
A 2
Z p n b
M X Z m N m E / c = +
Energa en reposo:
2
mc
[ ]
MeV
Electrn : 0,511 ( [ ]

=
31
9,11 10 m kg )
Neutrn : 939,57
Tritin
3
1
H : 2808,94
Protn
1
1
H : 938,28 ( [ ]

=
27
1,67 10 m kg )
Deutern
2
1
H: 1875,63

4
2
He : 3727,40
Smbolos para potencias de 10
9
10 : n

6
10 :
3
10 : k
6
10 : M
9
10 : G
Ayudas
2
( 1) / 2
[( 1)/ 2]
,

+
=

bx m
m
m
e x dx
b

1 3 5 (2 1)
( 1/ 2)
2
,

+ =
n
n
n
( ) ( 1)! = n n