Experiment Instructions: HM 150.08 Impact of Jet Apparatus

Experiment Instructions
HM 150.08 Impact of Jet Apparatus

04/2004
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Experiment Instructions
Please read and follow the safety regulations before the first installation!
Publication-no.: 917.000 08 A 150 02 (A) DTP_4
HM150.08 IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS
Table of Contents
1 Unit Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Preparing and Performing the Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 Calculation of Theoretical Jet Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1 For Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2 For Hemisphere. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.3 For Slope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.4 For Cone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 Results of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.1 Measured Values for Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2 Measured Values for Hemisphere. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.3 Measured Values for Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.4 Measured Values for Cone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.1 Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.2 Hemisphere. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.3 Slope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.4 Cone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6 Evaluation of Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.1 Comparison of Theoretical and Measured Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.2 Comparison of the Four Bodies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7 Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
DTP_4
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1 Unit Description
The unit is designed to investigate jet forces im-
pacting against stationary deflectors.
The impact forces are produced by a water jet.
The impact forces are measured using a lever me-
chanism and loading weights.
The impact forces of the water jet are set via the
flowrate. Water is supplied either fromthe HM150
basic flow module or by way of the laboratory
mains.
The HM150 enables a closed water circuit to be
constructed.
The unit essentially consists of:
Base Plate [7]
Inlet connection [8]
Drain connection [6]
Perspex vessel [5]
Nozzle [4]
Deflector [3]
Lever mechanism [2]
Loading weights [1]
Various deflectors can be fitted at position [3].
Plate
Hemissphere
Slope
Cone
1 Unit Description 1
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6
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3
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2
7 8
2 Preparing and Performing the Experiment
Performance of Experiment:
Place the test set-up on the HM150 so that
the drain routes the water into the channel.
Fit connecting hose between HM150 and
unit.
Open HM150 drain.
Assemble deflector [1], (Plate, Hemisphere,
Slope or Cone ). Loosen the 3 screws [3] on
the cover [4] and remove cover together with
lever mechanism. Fit appropriate deflector.
Do not forget to tighten lock nut [2] on rod.
Screw cover back onto vessel.
Use adjusting screw [5] to set pointer to zero
(zero notch [7]). When doing so, do not place
any loading weights on measurement sys-
tem [8].
Apply desired loading weight [8] 0.2N; 0.3N;
1N; 2N; 5N or combinations thereof.
Close main HM150 cock.
Switch on HM150 pump.
Carefully open main cock until pointer is on
zero again.
Close HM150 drain cock.
Determine volumetric flow. This involves rec-
ording time t required to fill up the volumetric
tank of the HM150 from 20 to 30 litres.
Add loading weights and note down time t for
10 litres.
Switch off pump, open drain.
2 Preparing and Performing the Experiment 2
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4
3
7
5
6 8
3 Calculation of Theoretical Jet Force
The theoretical jet force is calculated fromthe prin-
ciple of linear momentum
The density of the water is = 1
kg
l
3.1 For Plate
F V w w
th
=
.
)
(
1 2
if w
2
0 = then
F V w
th
=
.
1
3.2 For Hemisphere
F V w w
th
=
.
)
(
1 2
if w w
2 1
= then
F V w
th
= 2
1
.
3 Calculation of Theoretical Jet Force 3

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0
1
w1
w2 w2
F
th
x
y
Plate
F
th
x
y
w1
w2 w2
Hemisphere
3.3 For Slope
F V w
x
=
&
cos
1
F F with
th x
= = cos 45
F V w
th
=
&
cos
1
2
Attention!
Please note direction of coordinate axis!
3.4 For Cone
F V w w
th x
=
&
( )
1 2
w w with
2 1
45 = = cos
w w
x 2 2
= cos
F V w
th
= +
&
( cos )
1
2
1
3 Calculation of Theoretical Jet Force 4
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0
1
w1
w2
w2 F
th
F
x
x y
Slope
45
F
th
x
y
w1
w2 w2
Cone
270
4 Results of Measurement
The measured Values for deflectors with Plate,
Hemisphere, Slope and Cone face are listed be-
low.
A tolerance of 02 . N was produced in the measu-
rements by adding further small loading weights.
4.1 Measured Values for Plate
Plate (90
o
deflection)
Force F
in N 0.2
Mesuring time
in s
Flow rate
in
ltr
/
s
0.5 45 0.22
1.0 35 0.29
2.0 24 0.41
3.0 21 0.48
7.0 13 0.74
Measured Volume : 10 Ltr
4.2 Measured Values for Hemisphere
Hemisphere (180
o
deflection)
Force F
in N 0.2
Mesuring time
in s
Flow rate
in
ltr
/
s
0.5 61 0.16
1.0 48 0.21
2.0 36 0.28
3.0 28 0.36
6.0 21 0.48
4 Results of Measurement 5
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0
1
w1
w2 w2
F
th
x
y
Plate
F
th
x
y
w1
w2 w2
Hemisphere
4.3 Measured Values for Slope
Slope (45 and 135 deflection)
Force F
in N 0.2
Mesuring time
in s
Flow rate
in
ltr
/
s
0.2 43 0.23
0.5 30 0.33
0.8 28 0.36
1.0 24 0.42
1.5 21 0.48
4.4 Measured Values for Cone
Cone (135 deflection)
Force F
in N 0.2
Mesuring time
in s
Flow rate
in
ltr
/
s
0.5 49 0.20
1.0 41 0.24
2.0 30 0.33
3.0 25 0.40
5.0 19 0.52
4 Results of Measurement 6
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1
w1
w2
w2 F
th
F
x
x y
Slope
45
F
th
x
y
w1
w2 w2
Cone
270
5 Results
The velocity w
1
of the jet fromthe nozzle is calcula-
ted fromthe volumetric flow and the cross-sectio-
nal area A
D
of the nozzle.
where A
d
D
=

2
4
Nozzle diameter d = 10mm = 0,01m
The Values for the 4 bodies are as follows :
5.1 Plate
Flow rate
V in
ltr
/
s
velocity
w
1
in
m
/
s
calculated Force
F
th
in N
measured Force
F in N
0.22 2.82 0.62 0.5
0.29 3.65 1.04 1.0
0.41 5.26 2.17 2.0
0.48 6.12 2.95 3.0
0.74 9.42 2.96 7.0
5 Results 7
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0
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w
V
d
V
A
D
1
2
4
=

=
. .
5.2 Hemisphere
Flow rate
V in
ltr
/
s
velocity
w
1
in
m
/
s
calculated Force
F
th
in N
measured Force
F in N
0.16 2.07 0.68 0.5
0.21 2.66 1.11 1.0
0.28 3.57 2.01 2.0
0.36 4.56 3.27 3.0
0.48 6.06 5.77 6.0
5.3 Slope
Flow rate
V in
ltr
/
s
velocity
w
1
in
m
/
s
calculated Force
F
th
in N
measured Force
F in N
0.23 2.96 0.34 0.2
0.33 4.22 0.7 0.5
0.36 4.52 0.8 0.8
0.42 5.31 1.11 1.0
0.48 6.11 1.47 1.5
5.4 Cone
Flow rate
V in
ltr
/
s
velocity
w
1
in
m
/
s
calculated Force
F
th
in N
measured Force
F in N
0.20 2.58 0.78 0.5
0.24 3.1 1.13 1.0
0.33 4.23 2.11 2.0
0.40 5.1 3.06 3.0
0.52 6.56 5.06 5.0
5 Results 8
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6 Evaluation of Experiment
6.1 Comparison of Theoretical and Measured Force
Calculation of the jet impact forces fromthe princi-
ple of linear momentumyields a good level of coin-
cidence with the measured Values:
Example Value :
1 N
calculated Force
F
th
in N
mesaured Force
F in N
Plate 1.04 1
Hemisphere 1.11 1
Slope 1.11 1
Cone 1.13 1
6.2 Comparison of the Four Bodies
The 4 bodies used have a different geometry. This
is the reason, why the energy of the water jet is
used different by each body. How large the extent
of utilisation is, can be seen, for example, on the
amount of water need to raise a body against the
force F:
Example Value :
0.5 N
Flow rate V in
ltr
/
s
Plate 0.22
Hemisphere 0.16
Slope 0.33
Cone 020
It is obvious, that the Hemisphere uses the ener-
gy of the water jet best.
The lowest extent of utilisation is made with the
Slope.
6 Evaluation of Experiment 9
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7 Technical Data
Perspex cylinder:
Diameter : 200 mm
Hight : 340 mm
Set of weights:
4 pc. of 0.2 N
3 pc. of 0.3 N
2 pc. of 1 N
2 pc. of 2 N
2 pc. of 5 N
Flow rate: max. 45
ltr
/
min
Main dimensions:
Length: 400 mm
Width: 400 mm
Height: approx. 875 mm
Weight: approx. 23 kg
7 Technical Data 10
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Experiment Instructions

HM 150.08 Impact of Jet Apparatus

3 Calculation of Theoretical Jet Force 3

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