1

Chapter 5
Mass and Energy Analysis of
Control Volumes

Oct. 11 Oct. 18, 2012
1
5-1 Conservation of Mass () 5-1 Conservation of Mass ()
Mass , like energy, is a conserved property, and it Mass , like energy, is a conserved property, and it
cannot be created or destroyed.
Mass and energy can be converted to each other .
- mass is conserved even during chemical reactions
- E = mc
22
Einstein,
through fusion and fission
2

()

A V m m = = V
) ( ) ( ) ( V
2 3
m m/s /s m A Vm =

3

out in cv
out in cv
m m 0 m
m m 0 m
= =
= = A
or
Note:

4
5-5

5
= -
Net mass
creation
Change of mass
in system
Sum of all
inflow mass
Sum of all
outflow mass
+
The general mass balance principle for the lumped
system:
The general mass balance principle for the lumped
system:
creation
I +
= =
= =
N
1 i
M
1 j
out j in i 1 2 system
m m m m m
, ,
A
0
creation
= I
}}}
=
CV
system
dV m ,
} }}
= =
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
M
j CS
CS out j
N
i
in i
dt dA n V m m
1 1

, ,
= -
Net rate of mass
creation
Rate of change
of mass in system
Rate of all
mass inflow
Rate of all
mass outflow
+
,
}}}
=
CV
system
dV
dt
d
dt
dm

0
creation
= I

= =
= |
.
|
M
1 j
out j
N
1 i
in i
system
m m
dt
dm
, ,

creation
I +
}}
= =
=
M
j CS
CS out j
N
i
in i
dA n V m m
1 1


, ,
6
2
The general conservation of mass equation The general conservation of mass equation
Steady flow Steady flow
+ single stream + single stream

= =
=
M
1 j
out j
N
1 i
in i
CV
m m
dt
dm
, ,
,
, , ) (
= =
=
N
1 i
M
1 j
out j in i system CV
m m m A

= =
=
M
1 j
out j
N
1 i
in i
m m
, ,
,
, ,
= =
=
N
1 i
M
1 j
out j in i
m m
2 1 out in
m m or m m = = , , ,
2 1 out in
m m or m m = =
7
5-10 5-2 P. 220

Example 5.2 Example 5.2
8
5-2 Flow Work and the Energy of a Flowing Fluid

5-2 Flow Work and the Energy of a Flowing Fluid
()
Flow work: Unlike closed systems, control volumes Flow work: Unlike closed systems, control volumes
involves mass flow across their boundaries, and some
work is required to push the mass into or out of the
control volume.
- Flow work is the energy needed to push a fluid into or
out of a control volume, and it is equal to PV.
W
flow
= FL = PAL = PV (kJ)
Flow energy: e(u+k.e.+p.e.)+Pv

9
3-5
5-11

10

Pv

PV PAL FL W
flow
= = =
PA F =
, V P W
flow

=
, A V m =
v m m A V V

= = = /
flow work flow work
Pv m V P m W w = = =

/ /
11
3-6
Pv m V P m W w = = =

/ /
Flow work (energy) associated with unit flowing mass Flow work (energy) associated with unit flowing mass

5-14

12
3
Flow work and the energy of a flowing fluid Flow work and the energy of a flowing fluid
The total energy of per unit mass of flowing fluid The total energy of per unit mass of flowing fluid
gz
2
V
h
Pv pe ke u
2
+ + =
+ + + = ) ( u
5-15

in in
m u
u m E
mass
=
u m E
mass
=
}
=
i i mass
m E o u
13

5-16 5-3
Example 5-3 Example 5-3
14

()
5-3 Energy Analysis of Steady-Flow Systems

5-3 Energy Analysis of Steady-Flow Systems
()
15
5-20

16
5-21


17
5-22 m
2
/s
2
= J/kg

18
4
5-23

=
= kg kJ
125 500
20 200
5 100
25 1 s m 50 V
2
V
ke
2
/
,
,
,
. , /
,
19
The general energy balance principle for the lumped
system:
The general energy balance principle for the lumped
system:
Energy
generation
Energy inflow
due to fluid flow

Energy outflow
due to fluid flow

-
++ ++
=
Change E in
C.V., E
Heat
transfer
Work Work
transfer transfer
++
0
gen
= u ,
}}}
=
CV
system
edV E works of kinds all W =

= =
+ + + + + + =
M
j
gen out out j
N
i
in in i system
pe ke u m pe ke u m W Q E
1 1
u A ) ( ) (
, ,
( ) dt dA n V pe ke u pe ke u m pe ke u m
M
j CS
CS out out j
N
i
in in i } }}
= =
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + = + + + +
1 1

) ( ) (
, ,
20
The general energy balance principle for the lumped
system:
The general energy balance principle for the lumped
system: in rate form
Rate of energy
generation
Energy inflow
due to fluid flow

Energy outflow
due to fluid flow

-
++ ++
=
Rate of change
E in C.V. dE/dt
Rate of heat
transfer
Rate of work work
transfer transfer
++
0
gen
= u
,
}}}
=
CV
CV
edV
dt
d
dt
dE
, works of rate of kinds all W =

= =
+ + + + + + =
M
j
gen out out j
N
i
in in i
cv
pe ke u m pe ke u m W Q
dt
dE
1 1
u
) ( ) (
, ,
( ) }}
= =
+ + = + + + +
M
j CS
CS out out j
N
i
in in i
dA n V pe ke u pe ke u m pe ke u m
1 1

) ( ) (
, ,
21
Special treatment on works: Special treatment on works:
works of rate of kinds all W =
others flowwork total
W W W + =

= =
+ + + + + + + =
M
1 j
out out j
N
1 i
in in i others
cv
pe ke Pv u m pe ke Pv u m W Q
dt
dE
) ( ) (
, ,


= =
+ + + + + =
M
1 j
out out j
N
1 i
in in i others
cv
pe ke h m pe ke h m W Q
dt
dE
) ( ) (
, ,

Or,
Or, in general , for simplification

= =
+ + + + + =
M
j
out out j
N
i
in in i
cv
pe ke h m pe ke h m W Q
dt
dE
1
,
1
,
) ( ) (
22
Energy balance for a control volume system,
initial final system
E E E = A
PE KE U E + + =
Energy change of a system,
where
out
E
in
E Mechanisms of Energy Transfer, and

where in mass in in in
E W Q E
,
+ + =
out mass out out out
E W Q E
,
+ + =
) ( ) ( ) (
, , out mass in mass out in out in system
E E W W Q Q E + + = A
out in system
E E E = A Energy balance,
Pv u h pe ke h m E
mass
+ = + + = ), (
Recall: Recall: Energy balance for control volume system
| |
out out in in system
pe ke h m pe ke h m W Q E ) ( ) ( + + + + + =
| |
out out in in system
pe ke h m pe ke h m W Q E ) ( ) ( + + + + + = A
23
Summary of the balance equations for control volume Summary of the balance equations for control volume
| |
out out in in system
pe ke h m pe ke h m W Q E ) ( ) ( + + + + + = A
Mass and energy
balance out in cv
m m m = A
| |
out out in in system
pe ke h m pe ke h m W Q E ) ( ) ( + + + + + =
In rate form out in cv
m m m =
(steady flow)
out in cv
m m 0 m = =
| |
| |
out in system
out in system
pe ke h pe ke h m W Q 0 E
pe ke h pe ke h m W Q 0 E
) ( ) (
) ( ) (
+ + + + + = =
+ + + + + = = A

out in cv
m m 0 m = = A
Note: the in-flow and out-flow works are separated from other kind of works
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5
5-24
LM5000 6.2 m12.5
3600 rpm 55.2 MW
5-4 5-4


------
------
25

Nozzle () and Diffuser () Nozzle () and Diffuser ()
5-25 ()

26
Nozzle () and Diffuser () Nozzle () and Diffuser ()
Example 5.4 Diffuser Example 5.4 Diffuser
5-26 5-4
V2=0
27
Nozzle () and Diffuser () Nozzle () and Diffuser ()
Example 5.5 Nozzle Example 5.5 Nozzle
5-26A 5-5
28
Example 5.6 Compressor Example 5.6 Compressor
5-4 5-4
Turbine () and Compressor () Turbine () and Compressor ()
5-27 5-6
29
Turbine () and Compressor () Turbine () and Compressor ()
Example 5.7 Turbine Example 5.7 Turbine
5-28 5-7
30
6
5-29

5-4 5-4
Throttling Valves () Throttling Valves ()
31
5-30 (h = ) h=h (T)

Throttling Valves () Throttling Valves ()
32
5-31 (+
)

Example 5.8 Expansion (throttling) Valve Example 5.8 Expansion (throttling) Valve
Throttling Valves () Throttling Valves ()
33
5-4 5-4
Mixing Chambers () Mixing Chambers ()
5-32 T-

Mixed fluids Mixed fluids
34
5-33 5-9
Example 5.9 Mixing Example 5.9 Mixing
Mixing Chambers () Mixing Chambers ()
5-34

35
5-4 5-4
Heat Exchanger () Heat Exchanger ()
5-35
36
7
5-36

Heat Exchanger () Heat Exchanger ()
37
Two fluids, unmixed. Two fluids, unmixed.
Shell and tube. Shell and tube.
Parallel Parallel flow. flow.
Two fluids, unmixed. Two fluids, unmixed.
Shell and tube. Shell and tube.
Counter Counter flow. flow.
Generic types of heat exchangers
38
Example 5.10 Heat Exchanger Example 5.10 Heat Exchanger
Heat Exchanger () Heat Exchanger ()
5-37 5-10
5-38

39

Pipe and Duct Flow Pipe and Duct Flow
5-39


40
5-40

Pipe and Duct Flow Pipe and Duct Flow
41
5-41 5-11
Example 5.11 Electric Heating Example 5.11 Electric Heating
Pipe and Duct Flow Pipe and Duct Flow
5-42
42
8
5-43


5-5 5-5
43
5-44


44

5-45


45

5-46

46
5-47 5-12

Example 5.12 Charging Problem Example 5.12 Charging Problem
47

Example 5.12 Charging Problem Example 5.12 Charging Problem
5-48
300456.2
48
9

5-16 5-3
Example 5-3 Example 5-3
49

5-49 5-13
Example 5.13 Cooking Example 5.13 Cooking
50

hg@P(
)

51

Example of Discharging Problem Example of Discharging Problem
P1, T1, V
-
P2, T2, V

Discharging
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7, 12, 28, 35, 46, 52, 62, 72, 87, 96, 109, 114, 127, 139, 167


: Nov. 03, 2011, 19:00 22:00
: B01

(1) 19:00 20: 30 (close book), 20:30 22:00 (open book book only)
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