1

Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN


TI : THIT K MCH NGUN MT CHIU N P

Nhm sinh vin thc hin : 1.Nguyn c Cnh
2.Hong Vn Chnh
3 o Vn Chung
Kha : 2011-2015
Ngnh o to : in-in T
S n v hc trnh : 2 tn ch
Ni dung cn hon thnh :
Lp k hoch thc hin v bo co ng tin .
Nghin cu ng dng thc t ca mch.
Gii thiu thng s , ng dng ca cc phn t trong mch.
Tnh ton , la chn linh kin.
Quyn thuyt minh v cc bn v



Gio vin hng dn :
L Vn t


2
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn:

....


3
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

MC LC
LI NI U...4

Phn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V MT S LOI LINH KIN DNG
TRONG MCH.
1. in tr ..5
2. T in ............................8
3. Diode..10
4. Bin p20
5. IC n p...23
Phn 2:S v nguyn l lm vic ca mch in
1.S nguyn l..32
2.Nguyn l lm vic..35
3.Ti liu tham kho....42
Kt lun .. 43





4
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

Li M u
Cng vi s pht trin ca nn kinh t v khoa hc k thut trn con ng cng
nghip ho v hin i ho t nc. Ngnh in t ni chung c nhng bc
tin vt bc v mang li nhng thnh qu ng k. thc y n kinh t ca t
nc ngy cng pht trin, giu mnh th phi o to cho th h trco kin thc
p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca x hi. i hi phi nng cao cht lng
o to th phi a ra cc phng tin dy hc hin i vo trong ging ng,
trng hc c nh vy th trnh ca con ngi ngy cng cao mi p ng c
nhu ca x hi. Trng HSPKT Hng Yn l mt trong s nhng trng rt
tr trng n vic hin i ho trang thit b nhm nng cao hiu qu trong ging
dy cng nh gip sinh vin c kh nng thc t cao.
cc sinh vin c tng kh nng t duy v lm quen vi cng vic thit k,
ch to chng em c giao cho thc hin n: Thit k, ch to b ngun
mt chiu nhm cng c v mt kin thc trong qu trnh thc t.
Sau khi nhn ti, nh s gip tn tnh ca thy L Vn t cng vi
s l lc c gng ca c nhm, s tm ti, nghin cu ti liu, n nay n ca
chng em v mt c bn hon thnh. Trong qu trnh thc hin d rt c
gng nhng do trnh cn hn ch kinh nghim cn t nn khng th trnh khi
sai st. Chng em mong nhn c s ch bo gip v ng gp kin ca cc
thy c gio trong khoa n ca chng em ngy cng hon thin hn.


5
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN


Phn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V MT S LOI LINH KIN
IN T

1.IN TR
Khi nim
in l loi linh kin th ng khng th thiu trong cc mch in v in t,
chng c tc dng cn tr dng in to st p thc hin chc nng ty theo v
tr ca in tr trong mch.tr
K hiu : R
Biu thc xc nh:

trong :
- U: l hiu in th gia hai u vt dn in, o bng vn (V).
- I: l cng dng in i qua vt dn in, o bng ampe (A).
- R: l in tr ca vt dn in, o bng Ohm ().
Phn loi
C 3 loi in tr chnh (theo cu to) :
- Than p: Loi ny c cng sut < 3W v hot ng tn s thp.
- Mng than: Loi ny c cng sut > 3W v hot ng tn s cao.
- Dy qun: Loi ny c cng sut > 5W v hot ng tn s thp.

6
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN


c im ca in tr:

- in tr lm vic ph thuc vo nhit ca n do tr s thay i khi
c dng chy qua do c hin tng bin i nng lng in thnh nng
lng nhit trn thn in tr
- Cng sut ca in tr

P=U.I= I
2
.R
Vi:
-P l cng sut (W).
-U l hiu in th (V).
-I l cng dng in (A)
-R l gi tr ca in tr ().

-Gi tr ca in tr cn thay i theo thi gian hay trong nhng iu kin c bit
theo tn s tn hiu xoay chiu tc ng ln n.
-Khi c hai hay nhiu in tr R1, R2,R3Rn mc ni tip nhau th in tr tng
cng bng tng cc in tr :

R = R1 + R2 + R3+ Rn



7
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN
Khi I=I1 =I2 = I3= In
U = U1 + U2 + U3+ Un
Khi mc hai hay nhiu in tr R1, R2,,Rn song song th in tr tng ng
ca chng c tnh bi:

:

Khi U= U1=U2=U3=Un
I= I1= I2 = I3 =In
K hiu ca in tr trong mch in.

R
VR

t
o
R


Chun EU Chun US Bin tr in tr nhit Quang tr


R

8
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN


Hnh dng thc t mt s loi in tr.

10 5W

6,8 10W


in tr thng
in tr cng
sut
in tr cng
sut
Bin tr

2. T IN
Khi nim
T in l mt loi linh kin th ng c s dng rt rng ri trong cc mch in
t, c kh nng tch tr nng lng di dng t trng.
K hiu l C
Biu thc xc nh :

1
C
Z
C
(F)
Phn loi t in
C rt nhiu phng php phn loi y ta da vo cht ch to bn trong ca t
in th c cc loi sau:
-Nhm t mica, t selen, t cemamic nhm ny lm vic khu vc tn s



9
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN
cao tn
- Nhm t s, snh.giy du: nhm ny hot ng khu vc tn s trung
bnh.
- T ha lm vic khu vc tn s thp
c im ca t in:
- Dng tch in, v x in, ch cho tn hiu xoay chiu i qua, ngn dng mt
chiu.
- Kh nng np, x in nhiu hay t ph thuc vo in dung C ca t.
- n v o in dung ca t mch: pF(picro Fara),nF(nano Fara),
(micro Fara).
- Ghp ni tip: Cc t C1, C2,..., Cn ghp ni tip th in dung tng ng C
ca b t c gi tr xc nh bi.
1/C= (1/C1) + (1/C2) +.(1/Cn)
- Ghp t song song: Cc t C1, C2, ..., Cn ghp song song th in dung
tng ng C ca b t c xc nh bi
C= C1 + C2 +Cn
K hiu ca t in trong mch in.

T khng
phn cc
T ho
c phn cc
T ho
c phn cc
T ho
khng phn
cc
T bin dung
v t vi chnh


10
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

3. DIODE
Khi nim
Diode bn dn c cu to l mt chuyn tip p-n vi hai in cc ni ra,
cc ni ra t min p gi l Ant (A), cc ni ra t min n gi l katt (K).
K hiu:







Hnh dng tht ca diot






Cu to bn trong



11
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT IN

Khi diode c in th Ant dng hn so vi Katt, ta ni diode c
phn cc thun i qua, diode dn in.
Ngc li, khi diode c in th Ant m hn so Katt th diode b phn cc ngc,
diode khng c dng in

Tnh cht ca diot
Diode ch dn in theo mt chiu t anot n katot theo nguyn l dng
in chy t ni c in th cao n ni c in th thp mun c dng in
qua diode theo chiu t ni c in th cao n ni c in th thp cn
phi t anot mt in th cao hn katot.Khi U
AK
>0 v ngc chiu
vi in p tip xc (U
TX
).Nh vy mun c dng in qua diode th in
trng do U
AK
sinh ra phi mnh hn in trng tip xc,tc la
U
AK
>U
TX
.Khi mt phn ca in p U
AK
dng cn bng vi in p
tip xc (khong 0,6 V)phn cn li dng to dng in thun qua diode.


Khi U
AK
>0,ta ni diode phn cc thun v dng in qua diode lc gi
l dng in thun (chiu t A sang K). Khi U
AK
cn bng vi in p
tip xc th diode tr nn dn in rt tt, tc l in tr ca diode lc rt
thp (khong vi chc ohm).Do vy phn in p to ra dng in thun
thng nh hn nhiu so vi phn in p dng cn bng vi U
TX
. Thng
thng phn in p dng cn bng vi U
TX
cn khong 0.6V v phn in p
to ra dng thun khong 0.1-0.5V ty theo dng thun vi chc mA hay ln n vi
Ampe.Nh vy gi tr ca U
AK
c dng qua diode khong 0.6-1.1V. Ngng
0.6V l ngng diode bt u dn v U
AK
=0.7V th dng qua diode khong vi chc

12

Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

mA.Nu diode cn tt th n khng dn in theo chiu ngc t K-A.Thc t vn
tn ti dng ngc nu diode b phn cc ngc vi hiu in th ln.Tuy nhin
dng ngc rt nh c A v thng khng thng quan tm ti cac ng dng cng
nghip.Mi diode chnh lu u khng dn in theo chiu ngc nhng nu in p
ngc qu ln th diode b nh thng,dng in
qua diode tng nhanh v t chy diode . v vy khi s dng tun th 2 iu
kin sau :
- Dng in thun qua diode khng c ln hn gi tr ti a cho php
- in p phn cc ngc ( U
AK
) khng c ln hn V
BR
(mt ngng
nh thng )
VD : Diode 1N4007 c thng s k thut do hng sn xut nh
sau
V
BR
=1000V , IF
MAX
=1A , VF=1,1V khi IF
MAX
=IF
Cho bit :
- Dng in thun khng c ln hn 1A
- U
ngc MAX
t vo diode khng c ln hn 1000V
- U
thun
(U
AK
) c th tng n 1,1V nu I
thun
= 1A
Lu i vi diode chnh lu chung th U
AK
= 0,6V th diode bt u dn
in v khi U
AK
= 0,7V th dng qua diode t n vi chuc mA

c tuyn Von - Ampe ca diode bn dn.



13

Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN


c tuyn Von-Ampe ca diode c chia lm 3 vng :



G
e
S
i
U
AK
(V)
I
AK
(mA)
U
A
K
=
+
0
,
5
1
(
V
)
U
A
K
=
+
0
,
2
8
(
V
)
I
AK
=+1mA
1
2
3

14

Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN


Vng 1: ng vi trng hp phn cc thun in p nh dng in ln in tr
nh (
Vng 2: Diode phn cc ngc ( kho), in p vi chc n vi trm vol,
dng in nh v in tr ln (k ).
Vng 3: Vng nh thng, dng in tng t ngt, in p hu nh khng tng
Nguyn nhn do nhit qu cao hoc in p ngc qu ln dn n diode mt
tnh cht van dn

Cc tham s gii hn ca diode :
- in p ngc cc i diode cn th hin tnh cht van (cha b nh
thng): U ngc max( thng gi tr Ungc max chn khong 80% gi tr in p
nh thng U dt .

- Dng in cho php cc i qua van lc m: I Acf

- Cng sut tiu hao cc i cho php trn van cha b hng v nhit: Pcf

Diode pht quang

Khi mt diode c phn cc thun, cc in t t bn dn loi n sang lp y l
trng trong bn dn loi p to ra dng in thun. i vi diode bnh thng ch to
t Ge v Si th s ti hp gia in t v l trng to ra nng lng di dng
nhit

15

Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

Diode pht quang (LED) l loi diode dng cc cht bn dn c bit nh
Ga,As. Vi cc cht ny s ti h in t v l trng s to ra nh sng.
Tu theo cht bn dn m LED pht ra nh sng c mu khc nhau nh vng, xanh
l, , in p ngng ca LED: Vz=1,7V. Dng in: ID = 5mA .LED dng trong
cc mch ch th, cho bit trng thi ca mch nh bo ngun, bo mc logic, bo m
lng,...
ng dng ca diode
Diode c ng dng nhiu trong cc mch in t :
- Dng chnh lu, n nh in p.
- Dng hn bin tn hiu trnh c nhiu.
- Dng tch sng tn hiu ra khi sng mang cao tn.
- Dng chn cng hng i
Mch chnh lu
- Diode chnh lu
Mt mch chnh lu l mt mch in c cc thit b in t, dng bin
i dng in xoay chiu thnh dng in mt chiu. Cc mch chnh lu
c th dng trong cc b ngun cp in, v trong cc mch tch sng ca
tn hiu v tuyn. Cc mch chnh lu c th c lp bng cc it bn
dn, cc n chnh lu thy ngn v cc k thut khc Mt mch chnh
lu l mt mch in c cc thit b in t, dng bin i dng
in xoay chiu thnh dng in mt chiu. Cc mch chnh lu
c th dng trong cc b ngun cp in, v trong cc mch tch


16

Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN
sng ca tn hiu v tuyn. Cc mch chnh lu c th c lp bng
cc it bn dn, cc n chnh lu thy ngn v cc
k thut khc.
Khi ch dng mt it n l chnh lu dng in xoay chiu,
bng cch kha khng cho phn dng hoc phn m ca dng
sng i qua mch in, th thut ng "chnh lu" v "it" c th
c xem nh l mt. a s cc mch chnh lu s dng nhiu
it vi cc cch sp xp khc nhau c th bin i t xoay
chiu thnh mt chiu tt hn trng hp s dng mt it ring
l. Trc khi cc it bn dn pht trin, ngi ta cn dng cc mch
chnh lu s dng n in t chn khng , n chnh lu thy
ngn, cc dy bn dn a tinh th seleni.
Cc my truyn thanh v tuyn u tin, ngi ta gi l cc my tinh th,
dng mt si "ru mo" hoc mt kim nhn tip xc nh vo mt im
trn mt khi tinh th galena (sunpht ch) to ra mt it tip im,
hoc mt b tch sng tinh th. Trong h thng sy t kh, cc b pht
hin la c th dng. Hai in cc trong mt v bc kn c th sn sinh ra
dng in v c th chnh lu c mt dng in xoay chiu, nhng ch
khi chng nhn thy ngn la
Mch chnh lu na sng
Mt mch chnh lu na sng ch mt trong na chu k dng hoc m c
th d dng i ngang qua it, trong khi na kia s b kha, ty thuc vo


17
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

chiu lp t ca it. V ch c mt na chu k c chnh lu, nn mch
chnh lu na sng c hiu sut truyn cng sut rt thp. Mch hnh lu
na sng c th lp bng ch mt i t bn dn trong cc mch ngun mt
pha





Mch chnh lu c sng
Mch chnh lu ton sng bin i c hai thnh phn cc tnh ca dng
sng u vo thnh mt chiu. Do n c hiu sut cao hn. Tuy nhin
trong mch in khng c im gia ca bin p ngi ta s cn n 4 it
thay v mt nh trong mch chnh lu na sng. iu ny c ngha l u
cc ca in p ra s cn n 2 it chnh lu, th d nh 1 cho trng
hp im X dng, v 1 cho trng hp im X m. u ra cn li cng
cn chnh xc nh th, kt qu l phi cn n 4 it. Cc it dng cho
kiu ni ny gi l cu chnh lu






18
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

B chnh lu ton sng bin i c 2 na chu k thnh mt in p u ra c mt
chiu duy nht: dng (hoc m) v n chuyn hng i ca dng in ca na chu k
m (hoc dng)ca dng sng xoay chiu. Na cn li s kt hp vi na kia thnh
mt in p chnh lu hon chnh. i vi ngun xoay chiu mt pha, nu dng bin
p c im gia, ch cn 2 it ni u lng vi nhau (ngha l anode-vi-anode hoc
cathode-vi-
cathode)c th thnh mt mch chnh lu ton sng





Mt mch chnh lu dng n chn khng thng dng s dng mt n c 1
cathode v 2 anode trong cng mt v bc; Trong trng hp ny, 2 it ch
cn mt bng chn khng. Cc n 5U4 v 5Y3 l nhng th d thng dung
nht cho kiu mch ny.
Mch in ba pha cn n 6 it. Thng thng cn 3 cp, nhng khng
phi cng loi vi it i s dng trong chnh lu mt pha ton sng. Thay
vo ngi ta dng cp it ni tip vi nhau (cathode ni vi Anode.
Thng th cc it i s c b tr ra 4 chn, c th ty u ni cho
mch chnh lu ton sng mt pha, hay mch cu mt pha v ba pha .

Hu tht cc thit b pht sinh ra dng in xoay chiu (nh my pht in xoay
chiu) u pht ra in ba pha. My pht in trn xe t c 6 it

19

Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN
chnh lu cu ba pha chnh lu thnh dng in mt chiu, np in cho
bnh acquy
ng dng ca mch chnh lu - Mt it chnh lu v cc
ph kin gii nhit.
ng dng c bn nht ca mch chnh lu l trch xut thnh phn in mt
chiu hu dng t ngun xoay chiu. Thc tra hu ht cc ng dng in t
s dng ngun in mt chiu, nhng ngun cung cp li l dng in xoay
chiu. V th cc mch chnh lu c s dng bn trong mch cp ngun
ca hu ht cc thit b in t.





Mch bin i in mt chiu t in p ny sang in p khc s phc tp hn.
Mt trong nhng phng php i t in mt chiu sang in mt chiu l: u
tin chuyn t mt chiu thnh xoay chiu, (dng mt mch nghch lu) sau
a qua my bin p thay i in p, v cui cng l chnh lu li thnh in mt
chiu



20

Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN
Cc mch chnh lu cng c ng dng trong mch tch sng cc tn hiu
v tuyn iu bin bin . Tn hiu c th cn hoc khng cn khuch i
trc khi tch sng. Nu tn hiu nh qu, phi s dng cc it c in p ri
rt thp. Trong trng hp ny cc t v in tr ti phi la chn cn thn
cho ph hp. Tr s t in thp qu s lm cho sng cao tn lt sang u ra.
Chn cao qu, n c th np y v gi nguyn in p c np.
in p ra ca mt mch chnh lu ton sng vi cc thyristor c iu khin.
Cc mch chnh lu cng c s dng cp in c cc tnh cho my hn
in. Cc mch nh th ny i khi thay th cc it trong cu chnh lu bng
cc Thyristor. Cc mch ny s c in p ra ph thuc vo gc kch mi
4 My bin p
Khi nim
My bin th hay my bin p l thit b in gm hai hoc nhiu cun dy, hay
1 cun dy c u vo v u ra trong cng 1 t trng. Cu to c bn ca my
bin th thng l 2 hay nhiu cun dy ng cch in c qun trn cng 1
li st hay st t ferit.ghp cch in vi nhau trnh dng Fu-co v tng cng
t thng qua mch

My bin p c th thay i hiu in th xoay chiu, tng th hoc h th, u ra
cho 1 hiu in th tng ng vi nhu cu s dng. My bin th ng vai tr rt
quan trng trong truyn ti in nng.






21

Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN



My bin p 1
Cu to v nguyn tc hot ng
a. Cu to:
- Gm c hai cun dy : cun s cp c N
1
vng v cun th cp c N
2
vng. Li
bin p gm nhiu l st mng ghp cch in vi nhau trnh dng Fu-c v
tng cng t thng qua
mch. Hinh 2

- S vng dy hai cun phi khc nhau, tu thuc nhim v ca my
m c th N
1
> N
2
hoc ngc li.
- Cun s cp ni vi mch in xoay chiu cn cun th cp ni vi
ti tiu th in.
- Trong thc th th my bin p c dng nh hnh 1, cn trong vic biu din s
my bin p th c dng 2
b. Nguyn tc hot ng:
- t in p xoay chiu tn s f hai u cun s cp. N gy ra s bin thin t
thng trong hai cun. Gi t thng ny l: =
0
cost
- T thng qua cun s cp v th cp ln lt l :
1
= N
1

0
cost v
2
=
N
2

0
cost
- Trong cun th cp xut hin sut in ng cm ng e
2
c biu

22

Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

thc
T ta thy nguyn tc hot ng ca my bin p da vo hin tng cm ng
in t.
3. Kho st my bin p
Gi N
1
. N
2
l s vng ca cun s cp v th cp.
Gi U
1
, U
2
l hiu in th 2 u cun s cp v th cp.
Gi I
1
, I
2
l cng hiu dng ca dng in 2 u cun s cp v th cp.
Trong khong thi gian t v cng nh t thng bin thin gy ra trong mi vng
dy ca c hai cun sut in ng bng:
Sut in ng trn mt cun s cp l:
Sut in ng trn cun th cp:
=> T s in p 2 u cun th cp bng t s vng dy ca 2 cun tng
ng
T s khng i theo thi gian nn ta c th thay bng gi tr hiu dng ta
c , (1)
in tr thun ca cun s cp rt nh nn , khi mch th cp h
nn , (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c , (*)
Nu N
2
> N
1
=> U
2
> U
1
: gi l my tng p.
Nu N
2
< N
1
=> U
2
< U
1
: gi l my h p.
V hao ph my bin p rt nh, coi nh cng sut 2 u cun th cp v s cp
nh nhau.

23
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

, (**)
T (*) v (**) ta c
Kt lun: Dng my bin p tng in p bao nhiu ln th cng dng
in gim by nhiu ln v ngc li
5. IC N P

Gii thiu chung v IC
IC l mt mch in t m cc thnh phn tc ng v th ng u c
ch to kt t trong hoc trn mt hay thn hoc khng th tch ri nhau
c. ny, c th l mt phin bn dn (hu ht l Si) hoc mt phin
cch in. Mt IC thng c kch thc di rng c vi trm n vi ngn
micron, dy c vi trm micron c ng trong mt v bng kim lai
hoc bng plastic. Nhng IC nh vy thng l mt b phn chc nng
tc l mt b phn c kh nng th hin mt chc nng in t no . S
kt t cc thnh phn ca mch in t cng nh cc b phn cu thnh ca
mt h thng in t vn l hng tm ti v theo ui t lu trong ngnh
in t. Nhu cu ca s kt t ph tminh t s kt t tt nhin ca cc mch
v h thng in t theo chiu hng t n gin n phc tp, t nh n
ln, t tn s thp (tc chm ) n tn s cao (tc nhanh). S tin
trin ny l kt qu tt yu ca nhu cu ngy cng tng trong vic x l
lng tin tc ngy cng nhiu ca x hi pht trin


24
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

IC dng trong n
Linh kin n p l thnh phn khng th thiu trong cc mch n p,
mch ngun trong k thut in t.
Trong phn diode bn dn c 1 loi diode chuyn dng n p l Zenner.
Tuy nhin, loi diode ny c nhc im l im l cho dng in nh ( 20mA)
IC n p h 78xx,79xx c pht trin :
+ H 78xx l h cho n nh in p u ra l dng. Cn xx l gi tr
in p u ra nh 5V, 8V...
+ H 79xx l h n nh in p u ra l m. Cn xx l gi tr in p
u ra nh : -05V,-08V..
S kt hp ca hai con ny s to ra c b ngun i xng.
V mt nguyn l n hot ng tng i ging nhau.
Cu to- Nguyn tc hot ng
a.IC 78XX
78xx l loi dng IC dng n nh in p dng u ra vi iu kin
u vo lun lun ln hn u ra 3V
Ty loi IC 78 m n n p u ra l bao
nhiu. v d : 7806 - 7809...
+ 78xx gm c 3 chn
1.Input l chn ngun u vo
2.GND l chn ni t

25
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

3. Output l chn ngun u ra









Nhng dng seri cua 78xx
LA7805 n p 5V
LA7808 n p 8V
LA7809 n p 9V
LA7812 n p 12V
y l dng cho in p ra tng ng vi dng l 1A. Ngoi ra cn cc seri khc chu
c dng
78xx +5V --> +24V. Dng 1A



26
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

78Lxx Chuyn i in p dng t +5V --> +24V. Dng 0.1A
78Mxx Chuyn i in p dng t +5V --> +24V. Dng 0.5A
78Sxx Chuyn i in p dng t +5V --> +24V. Dng 0.2A
S cu trc ca 78XX







Nguyn l hot ng ca 78XX
Dng in DC qua t lc n chn 1 ca IC (tc l n chn C ca transistor
lc ny transistor cha hot ng (cha dn) . Nh in tr R to dng nh
thin ct m chn B ca transistor , nn transistor dn .Do chn B ca
Transistor ni qua iode zenner ( in p khong 4.5 V ) xung mt s ghim
mc in p ra chn E ca transirtor ( chn 3 ca IC ) l gi tr dng . in
p t trc IC 78XX phi ln hn in p cn n p t 1.5V ~ 2V .H IC
78xx ch cho dng tiu th khong 1A tr xung, khi gip IC trong mch th
U
in
> U
out
t 3V~5V khi IC mi pht huy tc dng .


27
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

b.79XX
Cng nh h 78 th h 79 c hot ng tng t nhng in p u ra l m (-) tri
ngc vi h 78. Cng c nhiu loi mc n p u ra : 7905, 7906... vi dng chi l
1A v 0.1A
S chn:
1.GND l chn ngun u vo
2 Input l chn ni
3 Output l chn ngun u ra




S cu trc ca 79xx





Nguyn l hot ng 79XX

Dng in DC qua t lc n chn 2 ca IC ( chn E ca transistor ) lc ny transistor
cha dn. Nh R to thnh dng nh thin gc m chn B ca

28
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

transistor lc ny transistor dn .Do chn B ca transistor ni qua diode
zenner ( in p khong 4.5 V ) xung mt ( chn 1 ) se ghim mc in p
ra chn C ca transistor ( chn 3 ca IC) cho in p c gi tr m .
c. ng dng ca 78XX v 79XX vo mch ngun
Trong cc b ngun th 78 v 79 c s dng rt nhiu trong cc mch
ngun to in p u ra mong mun c bit nhng thit b ny cn in p u
vo c nh ko thay i ln xung! y l mch nguyn l ca 78 v 79








Datasheet ca IC dng trong n






29
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN






















30
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN






















31
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN






















32
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

Phn 2 S v nguyn l lm vic ca mch
S nguyn l
Ngun mt chiu c nhim v cung cp nng lng mt chiu cho cc mch
v cc thit b in t hot ng. Nng lng mt chiu ca n tng qut
c ly t ngun xoay chiu ca li in thng qua mt qu trnh bin i
c thc hin trong ngun mt chiu.
Yu cu i vi loi ngun ny l in p ra t ph thuc vo in p mng,
ca ti v nhit . t c yu cu cn phi dng cc mch n nh
(n p, n dng). Cc mch cp ngun c in thng dng bin p, nn kch
thc v trng lng ca n kh ln. Ngy nay ngi ta c xu hng
dng cc mch cp ngun khng c bin p.

S khi ca mt b ngun hon chnh c biu din nh sau






Chc nng cc khi nh sau :
1 Bin p

33
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

- Bin p bin i in p xoay chiu U1 thnh in p xoay chiu U2 c gi
tr thch hp vi yu cu
- Mch chnh lu c nhim v chuyn in p xoay chiu U2 thnh in p mt
chiu khng bng phng UT( c gi tr thay i nhp nh)
- Mch lc c nhim v san bng in p mt chiu dp mch UT thnh in p
mt chiu U01 t nhp nh hn
- Mch n p c nhim v n nh dng in p u ra ca n U02 khi U01 thay
i theo s mt n nh ca U02

S nguyn l:




34
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

My bin p:
Yu cu bi in p ra n nh ti a l 12VDC, m in p u vo
220VAC nn ta c th s dng my bin p: 220VAC-24VAC-3A hoc
220VAC-12VAC-1A Trong ti ny chng em chn 220VAC-
24VAC-3A
Diode
Cc IC n p trong mch ngun ny c I
Ra
ti a l 1A nn la chn
diode 1N4007 hoc 1N4004 v I
Thun
ca diode ny khng c ln hn
1A. Trong ti ny chng em la chn diode 1N4007
T in
T c in dung ln san phng in p lm gim gn sng
. Chn t c gi tr ca t lc tnh gn ng theo biu thc sau

C= 1/(m
dm
.W.R .K
dm Ra
)
Ta c : trong mch chnh lu cu 4 diode : m
dm
=
2 cho sng ra bng phng ngi ta chn : K
dm
=0.1 W = 2f = 2.50 =100 (rad/s)

35

Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN

Khi I
MAX
=1A v U
Ra Max
= 24V th c : Z= 24/1 =24

V dng in ra l dng mt chiu nn ta c Z = R
t
=24
C =1/(m
dm
.W.K
dm
.R) = 1/(2.100.24.0,1 ) =6,7 .10
-4
F=670
F Vi gi tr nh vy ta c th chn t l: 1000F ; 2200F
- Chn t lc cao tn l t gm 104 v t ny c tn s lc ln
f= 1/(2 .X
c
.C )

Phn tch mch in
Mch in gm nhng phn sau : H p, chnh lu, lc, bin i (78xx).
Ngun in xoy chiu 220VAC-50Hz qua bin p l h p xung cn
24VAC - 1A v c qua b chnh lu nhm bin i xoay chiu thnh 1
chiu. THnh phn 1 chiu ny c gn nn phi qua b lc C san
phng in p gn cho ra in p 1 chiu. Sau in p 1 chiu ny
qua b n p 78xx cho ra in p n p m mnh cn.

Nguyn l lm vic

a..Khi h p
y chng ta bin i in p li 220VAC-50Hz xung cn 24VAC - 3A.

36
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN
Mc ch l cp y vo cho b bin i v b lc c in p mt chiu
mong mun.
b. Chnh lu
Thnh phn chnh lu l bin i tn hiu xoay chiu thnh tn hiu 1 chiu
thng qua 4 con diode chnh lu. y l s chnh lu c chu k vi dng sng u
vo v u ra sau chnh lu nh sau:









-Gi s bn k dng ng vi im A dng (+),im B m (-), cc ioe D
1
,D
3

phn cc thun nn dn in , dng in i t A quan D
1
, qua ti sau qua D
3
v
v B . Trong khi D
2
, D
4
phn cc ngc nn khng dn in


37
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN
- bn k m ca in p vo U
1
, im B dng so vi im A. lc ny D
2
, D
4

phn cc thun nn dn in. Dng in i t B qua D
2
sau qu ti qua D
4
v v
A.. V lc ny D
1
v D
3
phn cc ngc nn khng dn in.
-Nh vy trong c hai na chu k ca tn hiu vo U
1
.c dng din 1 chiu qua
tiv to ra in p 1 chiu ng ra tc U
3
lc ny l din p ra khng bng phng
c. Mch lc bng t in
C nhim v san bng in p mt chiu p mch U
3
thnh in p mt
chiu U
4
t nhp nh hn .
Khi in p mt chiu tng t 0 n V
MAX
, t din c np in n gi tr
U
c
= U
MAX
.
Khi in p ra gim t nh v 0, t in x in b vo s gim in p
trn ph ti . nh vy m duy tr c mc in p theo thi gian , gim
gn sng ca in p mt chiu p mch , ng thi gi tr trung bnh
ca in p mt chiu ng ra cng tng ln .
in p ra mt chiu c mt gn sng nh ph thuc vo ti .nu dng ti
nh t phng in yu do gn sng nh nu dng ti ln t in phng in
nhiu hn do gn sng ln gn sng cng ph thuc vo in dung ca
t in
Tc dng ca t :

Trong dng in mt chiu p mch U
3
gm c 2 thnh phn mt chiu v xoay chiu
cn xt li do c tnh ca t in ch cho dng xoay chiu i qua m khng cho dng
mt chiu i qua


38
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN


Nu thnh phn AC s qua t xung mt m khng i qua ti .

Thnh phn mt chiu khng th qua t C nn ton b i qua ti.

V vy trong mch cc t c gi tr ln c nhim v san bng mc in p cao ; t c
gi tr nh 104 c gi tr lc sung t bin









lc ngun , kt qu l in p u ra c lc tng i phng, nu t C1 c in dung
cng ln th in p u ra cng bng phng, t C1 trong cc b ngun thng c tr
s khong vi ngn F




39
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN













Cc dng in p:









40
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN



Da vo nguyn tc phng np ca t in m n cho ra dng in 1
chiu thng nh trn hnh v. T cng ln th gn in p cng gim.
Nhng sng c tn s cao tn phi c lc i nh 2 t C2 v C4 v
trong mch dng IC nu tn ti nhng thnh phn ny th s gy ra nhng
sai st kh pht hin lm cho mch hot ng khng bnh thng.
Qua b lc l ta to c in p 1 Chiu cp vo cho b bin i i
hay l b n p.

d. B n p bng IC 78XX

Dng h 78xx cho ra nhiu loi n p in khc nhau : nh 7805 n n p 5V, 7806
cho n p 6V
+ in p u vo ca h 78xx l in p 1 chiu v max <=40V. Dng in khng
vt qu 1A
+ Dng nh l 2.2A

+ Cng sut tiu tn cc i khng dung tn nhit l 2W

+ Cng sut tiu tn cc i c tn nhit l 15W
+ m bo thng s l : Vi - V0 = 2V n 3V ( lc mch mi hot
ng n p c)





41
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN


+ Tn nhit tt cho 78xx. Khi hot ng vi ti th 78xx rt nng. i vi
cp in p l 29V th 78xx nng khi c ti v ch tn nhit tt cho n.
nng qu sinh ra ph 78xx.
Tnh ton in p ra
in p u vo my bin p l : U
1
=220V
Qua my bin p th in p l : U
2
= 24V(AC)

Qua diode chnh lu th : U
3
= U
2
.sqrt 2= 24 .sqrt 2 = 34 V DC
in p st trn cu l: 34 V DC - 1.5 V DC = 32.5V DC ( do i qua 2
diode nn mi diode b st p mt 0.7 V )
in p sau chnh lu l U
c
=32,5 .0,9 = 29V DC ( 0,9 l h s chnh
lu ca chnh lu cu )

in p trn i qua IC n p : 7805 thu c in p 5V DC

7812 thu c in p 12V DC.

thu c in p 3V DC ta cn to st p 2V cui ngun ca 5V DC
M dng thu c sau ngun 5V DC: I5V=0,02mA
p dng nh lut Om ta c:
U=I.R R= U/ R

42
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN


R=2/0.02mA= 100k
Vy in tr cn trong mch l 100k!
Tng t cc thng s khi tao ngun dng i vi ngun m cng vy!


3.Ti liu tham kho
Tm trn internet (scribd.com ; hoiquandientu.vn ; tailieu.vn ; vn-zom.com)
Data sheet
Sch in T C Bn tc gi Nguyn Thnh Long-Nguyn V Thng-
Hong Hi Hng ( Components and Basic circuits-2010) Trng i
Hc S Phm K Thut Hng Yn











43
Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN




KT LUN




Trong qu trnh thc hin n do cng gp nhiu kh khn thc t pht sinh khi
thit k ch to nn mch ca chng em t chnh xc cha cao.
Sau mt thi gian lm n chng em rt ra dc rt nhiu kinh nhim cho
bn thn, cng l nh vo s chi dy nhit tnh ca cc thy c v s gp ca
cc bn.
Sau cng mt ln na chng em xin trn thnh by t lng bit n i vi thy L
Vn t v thy c gio trong khoa cc bn d gip em hon thnh n ny!

A HC S PHM K THUT HNG YN
KHNG G L KHNG TH





44

Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN























45

Trng SPKTHY N MN HC
Khoa : in-in T MCH V THIT B IN